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Yokomizo S, Kopp T, Roessing M, Morita A, Lee S, Cho S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Feil S, Kim HH, Bragin DE, Gerashchenko D, Huang PL, Kashiwagi S, Atochin DN. Near-Infrared II Photobiomodulation Preconditioning Ameliorates Stroke Injury via Phosphorylation of eNOS. Stroke 2024; 55:1641-1649. [PMID: 38572660 PMCID: PMC11126363 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current management of patients with stroke with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy is effective only when it is timely performed on an appropriately selected but minor fraction of patients. The development of novel adjunctive therapy is highly desired to reduce morbidity and mortality with stroke. Since endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke and is featured with suppressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with concomitant nitric oxide deficiency, restoring endothelial nitric oxide represents a promising approach to treating stroke injury. METHODS This is a preclinical proof-of-concept study to determine the therapeutic effect of transcranial treatment with a low-power near-infrared laser in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. The laser treatment was performed before the middle cerebral artery occlusion with a filament. To determine the involvement of eNOS phosphorylation, unphosphorylatable eNOS S1176A knock-in mice were used. Each measurement was analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA to assess the effect of the treatment on cerebral blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry, eNOS phosphorylation by immunoblot analysis, and stroke outcomes by infarct volumes and neurological deficits. RESULTS Pretreatment with a 1064-nm laser at an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2 improved cerebral blood flow, eNOS phosphorylation, and stroke outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Near-infrared II photobiomodulation could offer a noninvasive and low-risk adjunctive therapy for stroke injury. This new modality using a physical parameter merits further consideration to develop innovative therapies to prevent and treat a wide array of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Timo Kopp
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Malte Roessing
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Seeun Lee
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hyung-Hwan Kim
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Denis E. Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Paul L. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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Yokomizo S, Roessing M, Morita A, Kopp T, Ogawa E, Katagiri W, Feil S, Huang PL, Atochin DN, Kashiwagi S. Near-infrared II photobiomodulation augments nitric oxide bioavailability via phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22490. [PMID: 35929438 PMCID: PMC9382775 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101890r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is solid evidence of the beneficial effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with low-power near-infrared (NIR) light in the NIR-I window in increasing bioavailable nitric oxide (NO). However, it is not established whether this effect can be extended to NIR-II light, limiting broader applications of this therapeutic modality. Since we have demonstrated PBM with NIR laser in the NIR-II window, we determined the causal relationship between NIR-II irradiation and its specific biological effects on NO bioavailability. We analyzed the impact of NIR-II irradiation on NO release in cultured human endothelial cells using a NO-sensitive fluorescence probe and single-cell live imaging. Two distinct wavelengths of NIR-II laser (1064 and 1270 nm) and NIR-I (808 nm) at an irradiance of 10 mW/cm2 induced NO release from endothelial cells. These lasers also enhanced Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser 1177, and endothelial cell migration. Moreover, the NO release and phosphorylation of eNOS were abolished by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that Akt activation caused by NIR-II laser exposure involves mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Other inhibitors that inhibit known Akt activation pathways, including a specific inhibitor of PI3K, Src family PKC, did not affect this response. These two wavelengths of NIR-II laser induced no appreciable NO generation in cultured neuronal cells expressing neuronal NOS (nNOS). In short, NIR-II laser enhances bioavailable NO in endothelial cells. Since a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction is suppressed eNOS with concomitant NO deficiency, NIR-II laser technology could be broadly used to restore endothelial NO and treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Malte Roessing
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Timo Kopp
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Paul L. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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Titze-de-Almeida R, Titze-de-Almeida SS, Ferreira NR, Fontanari C, Faccioli LH, Del Bel E. Suppressing nNOS Enzyme by Small-Interfering RNAs Protects SH-SY5Y Cells and Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons from 6-OHDA Injury. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:117-131. [PMID: 31041676 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has chemical properties that make it uniquely suitable as an intracellular and intercellular messenger. NO is produced by the activity of the enzyme nitric oxide synthases (NOS). There is substantial and mounting evidence that slight abnormalities of NO may underlie a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders. NO participates of the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that contribute to the progressive dopaminergic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effects of neuronal NOS-targeted siRNAs on the injury caused in dopaminergic neurons by the toxin 6-hidroxydopamine (6-OHDA). First, we confirmed (immunohistochemistry and Western blotting) that SH-SY5Y cell lineage expresses the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the protein under analysis, neuronal NOS (nNOS). We designed four siRNAs by using the BIOPREDsi algorithm choosing the one providing the highest knockdown of nNOS mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells, as determined by qPCR. siRNA 4400 carried by liposomes was internalized into cells, caused a concentration-dependent knockdown on nNOS, and reduced the toxicity induced by 6-OHDA (p < 0.05). Regarding in vivo action in the dopamine-depleted animals, intra-striatal injection of siRNA 4400 at 4 days prior 6-OHDA produced a decrease in the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine. Finally, siRNA 4400 mitigated the loss of TH(+) cells in substantia nigra dorsal and ventral part. In conclusion, the suppression of nNOS enzyme by targeted siRNAs modified the progressive death of dopaminergic cells induced by 6-OHDA and merits further pre-clinical investigations as a neuroprotective approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília-FAV, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Simoneide S Titze-de-Almeida
- Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasília-FAV, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Nadia Rubia Ferreira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Bromatology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Leite LHR, Sharma NM, Bafna S, Zheng H, Coimbra CC, Patel KP. Construction and validation of lentiviral vector carrying rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vitro and in vivo. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 211:77-83. [PMID: 22921486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed a lentiviral vector with human cytomegalovirus promoter permitting high-level of nNOS expression. Neuronal cell line NG108 was used as an in vitro model to check the validity of gene transfer. The cells were infected with lenti-EGFP or lenti-nNOS particles for 24h. Lenti-nNOS infection in the NG108 cells induced dose dependent increase in mRNA and protein for nNOS; with a dose of 2.5 × 10⁴ pfu/ml, nNOS mRNA expression increased by 40-fold while protein expression was increased by 2.5-fold compared to lenti-EGFP. Moreover, lenti-nNOS infection caused a greater increase in nNOS immunoreactivity in NG108 cells compared to lenti-EGFP as shown by immonocytochemistry. nNOS expression showed time dependent increases with lenti-nNOS infection with maximum up-regulation observed after two weeks of infection. Moreover, in vivo, unilateral injection of lenti-nNOS into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats induced a 27-fold increase of nNOS protein level in the injected side compared to non-injected side and this escalation was sustained up to three weeks. Overall, lenti-EGFP injection in the PVN did not show any significant change in nNOS expression. Furthermore, NADPH-diaphorase staining of nNOS in the PVN infected with lenti-nNOS induced a visible increase in nNOS expression compared with contralateral non-injected side up to three weeks. These results indicate that this approach of lentiviral mediated gene transfer of nNOS may provide a new means to up-regulate the nNOS expression for longer periods of time compared to adenoviral transfection and can be used as a research tool and potentially a therapy for chronic diseases involving impaired nNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H R Leite
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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5
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Zheng H, Liu X, Li Y, Sharma NM, Patel KP. Gene transfer of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to the paraventricular nucleus reduces the enhanced glutamatergic tone in rats with chronic heart failure. Hypertension 2011; 58:966-73. [PMID: 21968757 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.176222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the decreased NO and increased glutamatergic mechanisms on sympathetic regulation within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) may contribute to the elevated sympathoexcitation during chronic heart failure (CHF). In the present study, we investigated the effects of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) gene transfer on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit NR(1) in the rats with a coronary ligation model of CHF. Adenovirus vectors encoding nNOS (AdnNOS) or adenovirus vectors encoding β-galactosidase were transfected into the PVN in vivo. Five days after application of AdnNOS, the increased expression of nNOS within the PVN was confirmed by NADPH-diaphorase staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot. In anesthetized rats, AdnNOS treatment significantly enhanced the blunted renal sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine in the rats with CHF compared with CHF-adenovirus vectors encoding β-galactosidase group. AdnNOS significantly decreased the enhanced renal sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in the rats with CHF (renal sympathetic nerve activity: 44±2% versus 79±6%; P<0.05) compared with CHF-adenovirus vectors encoding the β-galactosidase group. AdnNOS transfection significantly reduced the increased NR(1) receptor mRNA expression (Δ35±5%) and protein levels (Δ24±4%) within the PVN in CHF rats. Furthermore, in neuronal NG-108 cells, NR(1) receptor protein expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner after AdnNOS transfection. According to our results, nNOS downregulation enhances glutamate transmission in the PVN by increasing NR(1) subunit expression. This mechanism may enhance renal sympathetic nerve activity in CHF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
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6
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The effect of nNOS inhibitors on toxin-induced cell death in dopaminergic cell lines depends on the extent of enzyme expression. Brain Res 2011; 1404:21-30. [PMID: 21737065 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is linked with neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) through the involvement of both inducible (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). While non-selective NOS inhibitors are neuroprotective, the role of nNOS has not been determined using selective NOS inhibitors. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of selective iNOS and nNOS inhibitors on MPP(+)- and MG-132-induced cell death in cell lines with differing levels of nNOS expression. Inhibition of endogenously expressed nNOS by 7-NI and ARR17477 enhanced the toxicity of MPP(+) and MG-132 in N1E-115 cells, whereas in transfected SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing nNOS, ARR17477 and 7-NI protected against MPP(+)- and MG-132-induced cell death. In contrast, inhibition of iNOS by 1400W was ineffective in preventing MPP(+) and MG-132 toxicity in these cell lines. These results suggest a dual role for NOS in dopaminergic cell viability. nNOS is protective against toxic insult when produced endogenously. When nNOS is overexpressed, it becomes neurotoxic to cells suggesting that inhibition of nNOS may be a promising strategy to prevent cell death in PD.
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Johlfs MG, Fiscus RR. Protein kinase G type-Iα phosphorylates the apoptosis-regulating protein Bad at serine 155 and protects against apoptosis in N1E-115 cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ecabet sodium induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide synthesis and gastric adaptive relaxation in the human stomach. J Gastroenterol 2010; 44:1118-24. [PMID: 19685003 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adaptive relaxation (GAR) is a major factor of functional dyspepsia (FD). Nitric oxide (NO) could be the key molecule responsible for GAR. We previously reported that the physiological gastric reservoir ability can be evaluated by measuring the cross-sectional area of the proximal stomach by abdominal ultrasonography (US). Ecabet sodium (ES), a gastro-protective antiulcer agent, has been shown to improve symptoms in FD patients. We examined the effects of ES on GAR in humans and on NO synthesis in vitro. METHODS GAR was measured by US in 14 subjects, 8 of whom had a pressure sensor inserted into their stomach, after treatment with ES, placebo, or no drugs. NO was measured in SH-SY 5Y cells using a fluorescent indicator. Neuronal, endothelial and inducible NO synthase (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS, respectively) expressions were examined in SH-SY 5Y cells by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared to placebo, ES induced significantly greater dilatation of the proximal stomach after the subjects drank 300-400 ml water (P < 0.05). After ES intake, the intragastric pressure did not change significantly, but it tended to be lower (n = 8; P = 0.15). ES increased NO production and nNOS expression, but not iNOS or eNOS expression, in SH-SY 5Y cells in vitro. Pretreatment with non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, but not with iNOS-selective inhibitor, reduced NO production by ES. CONCLUSION ES may promote GAR in humans through nNOS-related NO; therefore, it may be useful for patients with FD.
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Carney ST, Lloyd ML, MacKinnon SE, Newton DC, Jones JD, Howlett AC, Norford DC. Cannabinoid regulation of nitric oxide synthase I (nNOS) in neuronal cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2009; 4:338-49. [PMID: 19365734 PMCID: PMC2719736 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-009-9153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists stimulated production of cyclic GMP and translocation of nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in neuronal cells (Jones et al., Neuropharmacology 54:23–30, 2008). The purpose of these studies was to elucidate the signal transduction of cannabinoid-mediated neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation in neuronal cells. Cannabinoid agonists CP55940 (2-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol), WIN55212-2 (R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate), and the metabolically stable analog of anandamide, (R)-(+)-methanandamide stimulated NO production in N18TG2 cells over a 20-min period. Rimonabant (N-(piperidin-lyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide), a CB1 receptor antagonist, partially or completely curtailed cannabinoid-mediated NO production. Inhibition of NOS activity (NG-nitro-l-arginine) or signaling via Gi/o protein (pertussis toxin) significantly limited NO production by cannabinoid agonists. Ca2+ mobilization was not detected in N18TG2 cells after cannabinoid treatment using Fluo-4 AM fluorescence. Cannabinoid-mediated NO production was attributed to nNOS activation since endothelial NOS and inducible NOS protein and mRNA were not detected in N18TG2 cells. Bands of 160 and 155 kDa were detected on Western blot analysis of cytosolic and membrane fractions of N18TG2 cells, using a nNOS antibody. Chronic treatment of N18TG2 cells with cannabinoid agonists downregulated nNOS protein and mRNA as detected using Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cannabinoid agonists stimulated NO production via signaling through CB1 receptors, leading to activation of Gi/o protein and enhanced nNOS activity. The findings of these studies provide information related to cannabinoid-mediated NO signal transduction in neuronal cells, which has important implications in the ongoing elucidation of the endocannabinoid system in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyla T. Carney
- Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Michael L. Lloyd
- Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Shanta E. MacKinnon
- Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Doshandra C. Newton
- Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707 USA
| | - Jenelle D. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Allyn C. Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Derek C. Norford
- Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707 USA
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Persichini T, Mazzone V, Polticelli F, Moreno S, Venturini G, Clementi E, Colasanti M. Mitochondrial type I nitric oxide synthase physically interacts with cytochrome c oxidase. Neurosci Lett 2005; 384:254-9. [PMID: 15923083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates key aspects of cell metabolism through reversible inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX), the terminal electron acceptor (complex IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, in competition with oxygen. Recently, a constitutive mitochondrial NOS corresponding to a neuronal NOS-I isoform (mtNOS-I) has been identified in several tissues. The role of this enzyme might be to generate NO close enough to its target without a significant overall increase in cellular NO concentrations. An effective, selective, and specific NO action might be guaranteed further by a physical interaction between mtNOS-I and CcOX. This possibility has never been investigated. Here we demonstrate that mtNOS-I is associated with CcOX, as proven by electron microscopic immunolocalization and co-immunoprecipitation studies. By affinity chromatography, we found that association is due to physical interaction of mtNOS-I with the C-terminal peptide of the Va subunit of CcOX, which displays a consensus sequence for binding to the PDZ domain of mtNOS-I previously unreported for CcOX. The molecular details of the interaction have been analyzed by means of molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. This is the first evidence of a protein-protein interaction mediated by PDZ domains involving CcOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Persichini
- Department of Biology-LIME, University ROMA TRE, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Xu Y, Krukoff TL. Adrenomedullin stimulates nitric oxide release from SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells by modulating intracellular calcium mobilization. Endocrinology 2005; 146:2295-305. [PMID: 15677761 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We used SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells to test the hypothesis that adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifunctional neuropeptide, stimulates nitric oxide (NO) release by modulating intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neuron-like cells. We used a nitrite assay to demonstrate that ADM (10 pM to 100 nM) stimulated NO release from the cells, with a maximal response observed with 1 nM at 30 min. This response was blocked by 1 nM ADM(22-52), an ADM receptor antagonist or 2 microM vinyl-L-NIO, a neuronal NO synthase inhibitor. In addition, 5 microM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, an intracellular calcium chelator, eliminated the ADM-induced NO release. Similar results were observed when the cells were incubated in calcium-free medium or when L-type calcium channels were inhibited with 5 microM nifedipine or 10 microM nitrendipine. Depletion of calcium stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with 1 microM cyclopiazonic acid or 150 nM thapsigargin, or inhibition of ryanodine-sensitive receptors in the ER with 10 microM ryanodine attenuated the ADM-induced NO release. NO responses to ADM were mimicked by 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP, a cAMP analog, and were abrogated by 5 microM H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. Furthermore, Fluo-4 fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that ADM (1 nM) significantly increased [Ca2+]i at 30 min. This response was blocked by nifedipine (5 microM) or H-89 (5 microM) and was reduced by ryanodine (10 microM). These results suggest that ADM stimulates calcium influx through L-type calcium channels and ryanodine-sensitive calcium release from the ER, probably via cAMP-protein kinase A-dependent mechanisms. These elevations in [Ca2+)]i cause activation of neuronal NO synthase and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
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Palomba L, Bianchi M, Persichini T, Magnani M, Colasanti M, Cantoni O. Downregulation of nitric oxide formation by cytosolic phospholipase A2-released arachidonic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36:319-29. [PMID: 15036351 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2003.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of PC12 cells to A23187 or thapsigargin caused a concentration-dependent release of arachidonic acid (AA) mediated by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Under the same conditions, however, analysis of nitric oxide (NO) formation revealed that activation of NO synthase (NOS) is best described by a bell-shaped curve. Reduced detection of NO observed at increasing A23187 or thapsigargin concentrations was not due to formation of peroxynitrite or to activation of NO-consuming processes, but rather to AA-dependent inhibition of NOS activity. Furthermore, NO formation observed under optimal conditions for NOS activity was suppressed by AA as well as by the PLA2 activator melittin. Finally, the effects of AA were not the consequence of direct enzyme inhibition, because this lipid messenger failed to inhibit formation of NO by purified neuronal NOS, but were mediated by an AA-dependent signaling and not by downstream products of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. In conclusion, the present study underscores a novel mechanism whereby endogenous, or exogenous, AA promotes inhibition of NOS activity. Because AA is generated in response to various agonists acting on membrane receptors and extensively released in inflammatory conditions, these findings have important physiopathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Palomba
- Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
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