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Golinelli G, Mastrolia I, Aramini B, Masciale V, Pinelli M, Pacchioni L, Casari G, Dall'Ora M, Soares MBP, Damasceno PKF, Silva DN, Dominici M, Grisendi G. Arming Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Against Cancer: Has the Time Come? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:529921. [PMID: 33117154 PMCID: PMC7553050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.529921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) were discovered, researchers have been drawn to study their peculiar biological features, including their immune privileged status and their capacity to selectively migrate into inflammatory areas, including tumors. These properties make MSCs promising cellular vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in the clinical setting. In recent decades, the engineering of MSCs into biological vehicles carrying anticancer compounds has been achieved in different ways, including the loading of MSCs with chemotherapeutics or drug functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), genetic modifications to force the production of anticancer proteins, and the use of oncolytic viruses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that wild-type and engineered MSCs can release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain therapeutic agents. Despite the enthusiasm for MSCs as cyto-pharmaceutical agents, many challenges, including controlling the fate of MSCs after administration, must still be considered. Preclinical results demonstrated that MSCs accumulate in lung, liver, and spleen, which could prevent their engraftment into tumor sites. For this reason, physical, physiological, and biological methods have been implemented to increase MSC concentration in the target tumors. Currently, there are more than 900 registered clinical trials using MSCs. Only a small fraction of these are investigating MSC-based therapies for cancer, but the number of these clinical trials is expected to increase as technology and our understanding of MSCs improve. This review will summarize MSC-based antitumor therapies to generate an increasing awareness of their potential and limits to accelerate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Golinelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacchioni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Casari
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Kauanna Fonseca Damasceno
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Modena, Italy
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Alessandri G, Coccè V, Pastorino F, Paroni R, Dei Cas M, Restelli F, Pollo B, Gatti L, Tremolada C, Berenzi A, Parati E, Brini AT, Bondiolotti G, Ponzoni M, Pessina A. Microfragmented human fat tissue is a natural scaffold for drug delivery: Potential application in cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2019; 302:2-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang X, Chen H, Zeng X, Guo W, Jin Y, Wang S, Tian R, Han Y, Guo L, Han J, Wu Y, Mei L. Efficient lung cancer-targeted drug delivery via a nanoparticle/MSC system. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:167-176. [PMID: 30766788 PMCID: PMC6362298 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low targeting efficiency limits the applications of nanoparticles in cancer therapy. The fact that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) trapped in the lung after systemic infusion is a disadvantage for cell therapy purposes. Here, we utilized MSC as lung cancer-targeted drug delivery vehicles by loading nanoparticles (NP) with anti-cancer drug. MSC showed a higher drug intake capacity than fibroblasts. In addition, MSC showed predominant lung trapping in both rabbit and monkey. IR-780 dye, a fluorescent probe used to represent docetaxel (DTX) in NP, delivered via MSC accumulated in the lung. Both in vitro MSC/A549 cell experiments and in vivo MSC/lung cancer experiments validated the intercellular transportation of NP between MSC and cancer cells. In vivo assays showed that the MSC/NP/DTX drug delivery system exerted primary tumor inhibition efficiency similar to that of a NP/DTX drug system. Collectively, the MSC/NP drug delivery system is promising for lung-targeted drug delivery for the treatment of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases.
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Salehi H, Al-Arag S, Middendorp E, Gergely C, Cuisinier F, Orti V. Dental pulp stem cells used to deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:103. [PMID: 29650042 PMCID: PMC5897939 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding stem cell behavior as a delivery tool in cancer therapy is essential for evaluating their future clinical potential. Previous in-vivo studies proved the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for local delivery of the commonest anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX). Dental pulp is a relatively abundant noninvasive source of MSCs. We assess dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), for the first time, as anticancer drug carriers. Confocal Raman microscopy is a unique tool to trace drug and cell viability without labeling. Methods Drug uptake and cell apoptosis are identified through confocal Raman microscope. We traced translocation of cytochrome c enzyme from the mitochondria, as a biomarker for apoptosis, after testing both cancer and stem cells. The viability of stem cells was checked by means of confocal Raman microscope and by cytotoxicity assays. Results In this study, we prove that DPSCs can be loaded in vitro with the anticancerous drug without affecting their viability, which is later released in the culture medium of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) in a time-dependent fashion. The induced cytotoxic damage in MCF-7 cells was observed consequently after PTX release by DPSCs. Additionally, quantitative Raman images of intracellular drug uptake in DPSCs and MCF-7 cells were obtained. Cytotoxic assays prove the DPSCs to be more resistant to PTX as compared to bone marrow-derived MSCs, provided similar conditions. Conclusions Applications of dental stem cells for targeted treatment of cancer could be a revolution to reduce morbidity due to chemotherapy, and to increase the efficacy of systemic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Csilla Gergely
- L2C, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Valerie Orti
- LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Tazetdinova LG, James V, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapeutic Agent Delivery in Anti-tumor Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:259. [PMID: 29615915 PMCID: PMC5869248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells, which can be isolated from different types of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, tooth pulp, and placenta/umbilical cord blood. There isolation from adult tissues circumvents the ethical concerns of working with embryonic or fetal stem cells, whilst still providing cells capable of differentiating into various cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. An important feature of MSCs is the low immunogenicity due to the lack of co-stimulatory molecules expression, meaning there is no need for immunosuppression during allogenic transplantation. The tropism of MSCs to damaged tissues and tumor sites makes them a promising vector for therapeutic agent delivery to tumors and metastatic niches. MSCs can be genetically modified by virus vectors to encode tumor suppressor genes, immunomodulating cytokines and their combinations, other therapeutic approaches include MSCs priming/loading with chemotherapeutic drugs or nanoparticles. MSCs derived membrane microvesicles (MVs), which play an important role in intercellular communication, are also considered as a new therapeutic agent and drug delivery vector. Recruited by the tumor, MSCs can exhibit both pro- and anti-oncogenic properties. In this regard, for the development of new methods for cancer therapy using MSCs, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions between MSCs and the tumor microenvironment is necessary. In this review, we discuss MSC and tumor interaction mechanisms and review the new therapeutic strategies using MSCs and MSCs derived MVs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan G Tazetdinova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Cao S, Guo J, He Y, Alahdal M, Tang S, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Gao H, Hu W, Jiang H, Qin L, Jin L. Nano-loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as targeted carriers of doxorubicin for breast cancer therapy. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:642-652. [PMID: 29457930 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1434185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge of anticancer drugs is poor tumor targeting. Now cellular carriers are widely investigated to deliver anticancer agents. As an ideal cellular candidate, human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) possess inherent tropism potential to tumor. Here, we constructed hUC-MSCs carrying transferrin-inspired-nanoparticles that contain doxorubicin(hUC-MSCs-Tf-inspired-NPs) to achieve enhanced anti-tumor efficacy and made an evaluation. Results represented that hUC-MSCs-Tf-inspired-NPs not only exhibit the controlled-release property of Tf-inspired-NPs, but also integrate tumor tropism and penetrative abilities of MSCs. The tumor volume of nude mice bearing breast cancer MCF-7 treated with hUC-MSCs-Tf-inspired-NPs, was remarkably reduced compared to those treated with free drug or Tf-inspired-NPs. Thus, Tf-inspired-NPs loaded hUC-MSCs have a potential to deliver anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxiu Cao
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yujing He
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Murad Alahdal
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yuekui Zhao
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Huashan Gao
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hulin Jiang
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lianju Qin
- c First Affiliated Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Liang Jin
- a School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Pacioni S, D'Alessandris QG, Giannetti S, Morgante L, De Pascalis I, Coccè V, Bonomi A, Pascucci L, Alessandri G, Pessina A, Falchetti ML, Pallini R. Mesenchymal stromal cells loaded with paclitaxel induce cytotoxic damage in glioblastoma brain xenografts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:194. [PMID: 26445228 PMCID: PMC4594910 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of cancer chemotherapy is targeting tumor cells and/or tumor-associated microvessels with the lowest systemic toxicity. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising vehicles for selective drug delivery due to their peculiar ability to home to pathological tissues. We previously showed that MSCs are able to uptake and subsequently to release the chemotherapeutic compound Paclitaxel (PTX) and to impair the growth of subcutaneous glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenografts. Here we used an orthotopic GBM model 1) to assess whether PTX-loaded MSCs (PTX-MSCs) retain a tropism towards the tumor cells in the brain context, and 2) to characterize the cytotoxic damage induced by MSCs-driven PTX release in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS U87MG GBM cells were fluorescently labeled with the mCherry protein and grafted onto the brain of immunosuppressed rats. In adjacent brain regions, we injected green fluorescent protein-expressing murine MSCs, either loaded with PTX or unloaded. After 1 week survival, the xenografted brain was assessed by confocal microscopy for PTX-induced cell damage. RESULTS Overall, MSCs showed remarkable tropism towards the tumor. In rats grafted with PTX-MSCs, the nuclei of U87MG cells showed changes that are typically induced by PTX, including multi-spindle mitoses, centrosome number alterations, and nuclear fragmentation. Multi-spindle mitoses resulted in multinucleated cells that were significantly higher in tumors co-grafted with PTX-MSCs than in controls. Nuclear changes did not occur in astrocytes and neurons surrounding the tumor. CONCLUSIONS MSCs appear particularly suited for anti-neoplastic drug delivery in the brain since PTX-specific damage of GBM cells can be achieved avoiding side effects to the normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pacioni
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Giannetti
- Institute of Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Liliana Morgante
- Institute of Anatomy, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ivana De Pascalis
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, via Giovanni Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Falchetti
- CNR-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Yadav NK, Shukla P, Omer A, Singh P, Singh RK. Alternative methods in toxicology: CFU assays application, limitation and future prospective. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:1-12. [PMID: 25678196 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.994217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood is a fluid connective tissue which plays a vital role for normal body function. It consist different type of blood cells which is continuously reproduce inside the bone marrow from hematopoietic system. Xenobiotics could be specifically toxic to the hematopoietic system and they can cause hematological disorders by disturbing the normal functions. In vitro hematopoietic colony-forming cell assays play a crucial role to evaluate potential toxic effects of new xenobiotics and also helpful in bridging the gap between preclinical toxicology studies in animal models and clinical investigations. Use of these assays in conjunction with, high-throughput screening reduces the cost and time associated with these assays. This article provides a critical view over in vitro hematopoietic colony-forming cell assays in assessment of hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar Yadav
- a Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India and
| | - Pooja Shukla
- a Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India and.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Ankur Omer
- a Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India and.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Poonam Singh
- a Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India and.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
| | - R K Singh
- a Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India and.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
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Zhang X, Yao S, Liu C, Jiang Y. Tumor tropic delivery of doxorubicin-polymer conjugates using mesenchymal stem cells for glioma therapy. Biomaterials 2015; 39:269-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sisto F, Bonomi A, Cavicchini L, Coccè V, Scaltrito MM, Bondiolotti G, Alessandri G, Parati E, Pessina A. Human mesenchymal stromal cells can uptake and release ciprofloxacin, acquiring in vitro anti-bacterial activity. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:181-90. [PMID: 24438899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Traditional antibiotic therapy is based on the oral or systemic injection of antibiotics that are often unable to stop a deep infection (eg, osteomyelitis). We studied whether or not bone marrow stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are able to uptake and release ciprofloxacin (CPX), a fluoroquinolone considered the drug of choice for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis because of its favorable penetration into poorly vascularized sites of infection. METHODS Human bone marrow stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were primed with CPX (BM-MSCsCPX) according to a methodology previously standardized in our laboratory for paclitaxel (PTX). The anti-microbial activity of CPX released from BM-MSCs cells (BM-MSCsCPX-CM) or supernatant from cell lysate (BM-MSCsCPX-LYS) was evaluated by agar dilution and microdilution methods on three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). To investigate whether or not primed cells (BM-MSCsCPX) were able to directly act on the bacterial growth, co-colture was performed by mixing E. coli suspension to an increasing number of BM-MSCsCPX. The anti-bacterial activity was determined as number of BM-MSCsCPX that completely inhibited bacterial growth. RESULTS The results demonstrated that BM-MSCsCPX are able to uptake and then release CPX in the conditioned medium. The loaded antibiotic maintains its active form throughout the process as tested on bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CPX-loaded MSCs may represent an important device for carrying and delivering CPX (and perhaps other antibiotics) into infected deep microenvironments; they could be used for local application and by systemic infusion when their homing capacity into the bone is cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Cavicchini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianpietro Bondiolotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Parati
- Fondazione IRCCS, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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de Girolamo L, Lucarelli E, Alessandri G, Avanzini MA, Bernardo ME, Biagi E, Brini AT, D'Amico G, Fagioli F, Ferrero I, Locatelli F, Maccario R, Marazzi M, Parolini O, Pessina A, Torre ML, Italian Mesenchymal Stem Cell Group. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a new ''cells as drugs'' paradigm. Efficacy and critical aspects in cell therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2459-73. [PMID: 23278600 PMCID: PMC3788322 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first isolated more than 50 years ago from the bone marrow. Currently MSCs may also be isolated from several alternative sources and they have been used in more than a hundred clinical trials worldwide to treat a wide variety of diseases. The MSCs mechanism of action is undefined and currently under investigation. For in vivo purposes MSCs must be produced in compliance with good manufacturing practices and this has stimulated research on MSCs characterization and safety. The objective of this review is to describe recent developments regarding MSCs properties, physiological effects, delivery, clinical applications and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Girolamo
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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The interaction of bortezomib with multidrug transporters: implications for therapeutic applications in advanced multiple myeloma and other neoplasias. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:1357-68. [PMID: 23589314 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bortezomib is an important agent in multiple myeloma treatment, but resistance in cell lines and patients has been described. The main mechanisms of resistance described in cancer fall into one of two categories, pharmacokinetic resistance (PK), e.g. over expression of drug efflux pumps and pharmacodynamic resistance, e.g. apoptosis resistance or altered survival pathways, where the agent reaches an appropriate concentration, but this fails to propagate an appropriate cell death response. Of the known pump mechanisms, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the best studied and considered to be the most important in contributing to general PK drug resistance. Resistance to bortezomib is multifactorial and there are conflicting indications that cellular overexpression of P-gp may contribute to resistance agent. Hence, better characterization of the interactions of this drug with classical resistance mechanisms should identify improved treatment applications. METHODS Cell lines with different P-gp expression levels were used to determine the relationship between bortezomib and P-gp. Coculture system with stromal cells was used to determine the effect of the local microenvironment on the bortezomib-elacridar combination. To further assess P-gp function, intracellular accumulation of P-gp probe rhodamine-123 was utilised. RESULTS In the present study, we show that bortezomib is a substrate for P-gp, but not for the other drug efflux transporters. Bortezomib activity is affected by P-gp expression and conversely, the expression of P-gp affect bortezomib's ability to act as a P-gp substrate. The local microenvironment did not alter the cellular response to bortezomib. We also demonstrate that bortezomib directly affects the expression and function of P-gp. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly support a role for P-gp in bortezomib resistance and, therefore, suggest that combination of a P-gp inhibitor and bortezomib in P-gp positive myeloma would be a reasonable treatment combination to extend efficacy of this important drug.
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Pessina A, Bonomi A. CFU-GM assay for evaluation of drug myelotoxic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 20:Unit20.2. [PMID: 23045143 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx2002s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To study hematotoxicity of compounds on the myeloid cell compartment, the authors describe a standard procedure developed as a workable good laboratory practices-compliant protocol to determine the in vitro myelotoxic effect of drugs and chemicals. Specific protocols are presented to prepare human and murine myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) for testing in a validated CFU-GM assay. Details are given for performing a screening test when toxicity data are not available and for passing on to an accurate inhibitory concentration-determination phase. To quantify the potential hematotoxicity of xenobiotics from their direct adverse effects on CFU-GM, the unit describes how to manage the results by means of an algorithm able to predict the acute xenobiotic exposure levels that cause maximum tolerated decreases (MTD) in absolute neutrophil count (ANC). A protocol describes a miniaturized application of the procedure in 96-well plates for high-throughput screening of compounds or for testing compounds that are available in very small quantities.
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Pessina A, Bonomi A, Coccè V, Invernici G, Navone S, Cavicchini L, Sisto F, Ferrari M, Viganò L, Locatelli A, Ciusani E, Cappelletti G, Cartelli D, Arnaldo C, Parati E, Marfia G, Pallini R, Falchetti ML, Alessandri G. Mesenchymal stromal cells primed with paclitaxel provide a new approach for cancer therapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28321. [PMID: 22205945 PMCID: PMC3243689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells may represent an ideal candidate to deliver anti-cancer drugs. In a previous study, we demonstrated that exposure of mouse bone marrow derived stromal cells to Doxorubicin led them to acquire anti-proliferative potential towards co-cultured haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We thus hypothesized whether freshly isolated human bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mature murine stromal cells (SR4987 line) primed in vitro with anti-cancer drugs and then localized near cancer cells, could inhibit proliferation. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Paclitaxel (PTX) was used to prime culture of hMSCs and SR4987. Incorporation of PTX into hMSCs was studied by using FICT-labelled-PTX and analyzed by FACS and confocal microscopy. Release of PTX in culture medium by PTX primed hMSCs (hMSCsPTX) was investigated by HPLC. Culture of Endothelial cells (ECs) and aorta ring assay were used to test the anti-angiogenic activity of hMSCsPTX and PTX primed SR4987(SR4987PTX), while anti-tumor activity was tested in vitro on the proliferation of different tumor cell lines and in vivo by co-transplanting hMSCsPTX and SR4987PTX with cancer cells in mice. Nevertheless, despite a loss of cells due to chemo-induced apoptosis, both hMSCs and SR4987 were able to rapidly incorporate PTX and could slowly release PTX in the culture medium in a time dependent manner. PTX primed cells acquired a potent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity in vitro that was dose dependent, and demonstrable by using their conditioned medium or by co-culture assay. Finally, hMSCsPTX and SR4987PTX co-injected with human cancer cells (DU145 and U87MG) and mouse melanoma cells (B16) in immunodeficient and in syngenic mice significantly delayed tumor takes and reduced tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate, for the first time, that without any genetic manipulation, mesenchymal stromal cells can uptake and subsequently slowly release PTX. This may lead to potential new tools to increase efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Pessina
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology, Virology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Akudugu JM, Neti PVSV, Howell RW. Changes in lognormal shape parameter guide design of patient-specific radiochemotherapy cocktails. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:642-9. [PMID: 21421713 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.083584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Uptake of radiopharmaceuticals and chemotherapeutic drugs is nonuniform at the microscopic level. Their distributions are typically lognormal, suggesting that failure in chemotherapy and targeted radionuclide therapy may be attributable, in part, to the characteristics of this biologically ubiquitous distribution. The lognormal problem can be overcome by using cocktails of 2 or more agents, tailored such that at least 1 agent is strongly incorporated by every cell in the target population. Therefore, critical assessment of the tissue uptake of each cocktail component is warranted. METHODS Cellular incorporation of the α-particle-emitting radiochemical ((210)Po-citrate) and 2 anticancer drugs (daunomycin and doxorubicin) was determined using flow cytometry. The role of their lognormal distribution in clonogenic cell survival was evaluated. RESULTS The shape parameter of the lognormal distribution was found to be correlated to both intracellular agent concentration and cell survival. Although no difference emerged between the shape parameters for citrate within the first 2 logs of cell kill, those for daunomycin and doxorubicin changed significantly. CONCLUSION Changes in the value of the lognormal shape parameter and slope of the cellular drug uptake curves can be used to rapidly screen radiopharmaceuticals and other cytotoxic agents to formulate more effective cocktails for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Pessina A, Sisto F, Coccè V, Cavicchini L, Ciusani E, Gribaldo L, Bonomi A. A mesenchymal stromal cell line resistant to paclitaxel that spontaneously differentiates into osteoblast-like cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2010; 27:169-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-010-9179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pessina A, Bonomi A, Baglio C, Cavicchini L, Gribaldo L. Refinement and optimisation of the rat CFU-GM assay to incorporate the use of cryopreserved bone-marrow cells for in vitro toxicology applications. Altern Lab Anim 2009; 37:417-25. [PMID: 19807213 DOI: 10.1177/026119290903700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assay has been validated for testing drug haematotoxicity (with both mouse bone-marrow and human cord blood cells) and for predicting in vivo human Maximal Tolerated Dose (MTD) values by extrapolating in vivo data on mouse toxicity. The rat CFU-GM assay is widely used for its capability to evaluate in vitro haematotoxicity, but no standardised procedure suitable for data comparison has been developed. A validated rat CFU-GM assay is needed for many reasons - not least because the rat is the most commonly-used species for the in vivo testing of toxicants. This report describes the refinement and optimisation of a standardised protocol for entering into the prevalidation phase of test development. The sensitivity of rat progenitors to granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the correlation between the number of cells seeded and the number of colonies obtained, the role of mesenchymal cells on CFU-GM proliferation and the performance of the assay, and the effects of using different types of plastic dishes and sources of cytokines, are described. A standard operating procedure (SOP) based on the use of cryopreserved progenitors has been generated, to be applied to the in vitro toxicity testing of compounds. This SOP dramatically reduces the number of rats used and increases the homogeneity of the data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Pessina
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology, Virology, University of Milan, Italy.
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Application of human CFU-Mk assay to predict potential thrombocytotoxicity of drugs. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Parent‐Massin D, Sibiril Y. CFU‐MK Assay for Acute Thrombocytopenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 20:Unit 20.5. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx2005s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Sibiril
- UFR Sciences, Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest France
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Lin H, Cheung SWY, Nesin M, Cassileth BR, Cunningham-Rundles S. Enhancement of umbilical cord blood cell hematopoiesis by maitake beta-glucan is mediated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 14:21-7. [PMID: 17093103 PMCID: PMC1797710 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00284-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maitake beta-glucan (MBG) is an extract from the fruit body of the Grifola frondosa mushroom that is being widely used to treat cancer in Asia. We have previously reported that MBG enhances mouse bone marrow cell (BMC) hematopoiesis in vitro and protects BMC from doxorubicin (DOX) toxicity. In the current study, we investigated the ability of MBG to enhance hematopoiesis and to reduce the toxic effects of DOX on fresh human umbilical cord blood (CB) cells. MBG treatment significantly enhanced the colony formation unit (CFU) response of granulocytes-macrophages (CFU-GM response) over the whole dose range of 12.5 to 100 microg/ml (P < 0.05). The addition of MBG to DOX-treated CB cells significantly protected granulocyte-macrophage colony formation from the toxicity of DOX, which otherwise produced strong hematopoietic repression. MBG also partially replaced recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), as shown by a significant augmentation of the CFU-GM response in the absence of rhG-CSF. We found that MBG induces granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production in CB CD33+ monocytes, as detected by intracellular cytokine flow cytometric assessment. In contrast, we found that adult peripheral blood monocytes did not produce a significant G-CSF response to MBG, whereas both adult and CB monocytes produced G-CSF in response to lipopolysaccharide. These studies provide the first evidence that MBG induces hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation of CFU-GM in umbilical CB cells and acts directly to induce G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lin H, She YH, Cassileth BR, Sirotnak F, Cunningham Rundles S. Maitake beta-glucan MD-fraction enhances bone marrow colony formation and reduces doxorubicin toxicity in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2004; 4:91-9. [PMID: 14975363 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that MD-fraction (MDF), in which the active component is beta 1,6-glucan with beta 1,3-branches, has anti-tumor activity as an oral agent and acts as an immune adjuvant. Since some other beta glucans appear to promote mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, the effects of a beta glucan extract from the Maitake mushroom "MD-fraction" on hematopoietic stem cells were examined in a colony forming assay. Here we report for the first time that MDF has a dose response effect on mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) hematopoiesis in vitro. Using the Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay to detect formation of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies, and the XTT cytotoxicitiy assay to measure BMC viability, the data showed that the addition of MDF significantly enhanced the development of CFU-GM in a dose range of 50-100 microg/ml (p<0.004). The mechanism of action included significant increase of nonadherent BMC viability, which was observed at MDF doses of 12.5-100 microg/ml (p<0.005). In the presence of Doxorubicin (DOX), MDF promoted BMC viability and protected CFU-GM from DOX induced toxicity. In addition, MDF treatment promoted the recovery of CFU-GM colony formation after BMC were pretreated with DOX. These studies provided the first evidence that MDF acts directly in a dose dependent manner on hematopoietic BMC and enhances BMC growth and differentiation into colony forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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