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Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Moreno JJ, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Ruiz-León AM, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Metabolic syndrome, adiposity, diet, and emotional eating are associated with oxidative stress in adolescents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216445. [PMID: 37789897 PMCID: PMC10543258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition related to adiposity and oxidative stress, can develop in adolescence, a critical stage in life that impacts health in adulthood. However, there is scarce scientific research about the relationship between lifestyle factors, emotion management, and oxidative stress in this phase of life. Aim To analyze whether nutritional parameters, lifestyle factors, emotion management, and MS in adolescents are associated with oxidative stress measured by the biomarker 8-isoprostane. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 132 adolescents (48.5% girls, aged 12 ± 0.48 years) and data were collected on nutritional parameters (anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyzes, and blood pressure), lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep, and diet), and emotion management (self-esteem, emotional eating, and mood). 8-isoprostane was analyzed in spot urine samples. The study population was categorized in three groups (healthy, at-risk, and with MS) using the International Diabetes Federation definition of MS in adolescents. To capture more complex interactions, a multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between 8-isoprostane and the aforementioned variables. Results Urinary 8-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the MS group compared to the healthy group (1,280 ± 543 pg./mg vs. 950 ± 416 pg./mg respectively). In addition, univariable analysis revealed positive significant associations between 8-isoprostane and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, blood lipid profile and glucose, emotional eating, and refined cereal intake. Conversely, a negative significant association was found between 8-isoprostane and sleep duration and fish intake. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between 8-isoprostane and LDL-c (β = 0.173 value of p = 0.049), emotional eating (low β = 0.443, value of p = 0.036; high β = 0.152, value of p = 0.470), refined cereal intake (β =0.191, value of p = 0.024), and fish intake (β = -0.187, value of p = 0.050). Conclusion The MS group, LDL-c, emotional eating, and high refined cereals and low fish intakes were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in an adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ogłuszka M, Lipiński P, Starzyński RR. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Telomeres-Are They the Elixir of Youth? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183723. [PMID: 36145097 PMCID: PMC9504755 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are complexes consisting of tandem repeat DNA combined with associated proteins that play a key role in protecting the ends of chromosomes and maintaining genome stability. They are considered a biological clock, as they shorten in parallel with aging. Furthermore, short telomeres are associated with several age-related diseases. However, the variability in telomere shortening independent of chronological age suggests that it is a modifiable factor. In fact, it is regulated inter alia by genetic damage, cell division, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation. A key question remains: how can we prevent accelerated telomere attrition and subsequent premature replicative senescence? A number of studies have explored the possible impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere shortening. This review summarizes published cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, and rodent studies investigating the role of omega-3 fatty acids in telomere biology. It also covers a broad overview of the mechanism, currently favored in the field, that explains the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on telomeres—the food compound’s ability to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. Although the results of the studies performed to date are not consistent, the vast majority indicate a beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids on telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Rafał R. Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Sancilio A, Jasienska G, Panter-Brick C, Ziomkiewicz A, Nenko I, Bribiescas RG. Accelerated senescence as a cost of reproduction: Testing associations between oxidative stress and reproductive effort in rural and urban women. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23537. [PMID: 33190335 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is hypothesized to contribute to age-related somatic deterioration. Both reproductive and ecological context may necessitate tradeoffs that influence this outcome. We examined whether measures of lifetime reproductive effort were related to levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in peri- and post-menopausal women and whether associations were moderated by rural or urban residence. METHODS We surveyed 263 healthy women (age 62.1 ± 10.0 SD) from rural (N = 161) and urban Poland (N = 102), collecting sociodemographic data and urine samples to analyze biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) and antioxidative defense (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, Cu-Zn SOD). Linear regression models, adjusted for residence, were used to test for associations between reproductive effort and 8-OHdG and Cu-Zn SOD. RESULTS Univariate models demonstrated significant associations between gravidity and the biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-OHdG: R2 = 0.042, P ≤ .001; Cu-Zn SOD: R2 = 0.123, P ≤ .001). Multivariate models incorporating potential confounding variables, as well as cross-product interaction terms, indicated that gravidity was associated with 8-OHdG (P < .01, R2 adj = 0.067) and Cu-Zn SOD (P = .01, R2 adj = 0.159). Residence (ie, urban vs rural) did not significantly moderate the associations between the biomarkers and reproductive effort. CONCLUSIONS Higher lifetime reproductive effort contributes to increases in oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses. Our results provide evidence of potential mechanisms underlying the physiological tradeoffs influencing senescence for women with high reproductive effort. We illustrate the value of applying an evolutionary perspective to elucidate variation in human health and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Sancilio
- Center for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Anna Ziomkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ilona Nenko
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Zarbafian M, Dayan S, Fabi SG. Teachings from COVID-19 and aging-An oxidative process. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3171-3176. [PMID: 32997887 PMCID: PMC7536979 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As of June 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has totaled over 9 000 000 cases and 470 000 deaths globally (ref. 1). Emerging data from COVID‐19 patients have suggested a clear role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2, the pathogenic agent of COVID‐19. Several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging, have been associated with an increase in baseline oxidative stress, likely explaining why such individuals at risk for poor outcomes with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Similarly, the concept of oxidative stress remains one of the best supported theories to explain the mechanism behind aging. Oxidative stress through both endogenous and exogenous sources has known deleterious effects in both aging and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Herein, we will review the role of oxidative stress as a key player in both aging and COVID‐19 and highlight why some individuals may have better or poorer outcomes because of this. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic pathways for effectively anti‐aging as we take away from our learnings on COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Zarbafian
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Dayan
- Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sabrina G Fabi
- Volunteer Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Goldman Butterwick Groff Fabi Wu & Boen Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA
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Aydemir N, Pike MM, Alsouqi A, Headley SAE, Tuttle K, Evans EE, Milch CM, Moody KA, Germain M, Lipworth L, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Robinson-Cohen C. Effects of diet and exercise on adipocytokine levels in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1375-1381. [PMID: 32571614 PMCID: PMC7659879 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a pro-inflammatory risk factor for progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that implementation of caloric restriction and endurance exercise would improve adipocytokine profiles in patients with moderate to severe CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled patients with moderate to severe CKD through a multi-center pilot randomized trial of diet and exercise in a 4-arm design (dietary restriction of 10%-15% reduction in caloric intake, exercise three times/week, combined diet and exercise, and control) (NCT01150851). Adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin) were measured at the beginning and end of the study period as secondary outcomes. Treatment effect was analyzed in a multivariable model adjusted for baseline outcome values, age, gender, site and diabetes. A total of 122 participants were consented, 111 were randomized (42% female, 25% diabetic, and 91% hypertensive), 104 started intervention and 92 completed the study (Figure 1). Plasma adiponectin levels increased significantly in response to diet by 23% (95% CI: 0.2%, 49.8%, p = 0.048) among participants randomized to the caloric restriction and usual activity arm but not to exercise, whereas circulating leptin did not change by either treatment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that dietary caloric restriction increases plasma adiponectin levels in stage 3-4 CKD patients, with limited effect on leptin levels. These findings suggest the potential for improving the metabolic milieu of CKD with moderate calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Aydemir
- Hitit University Medical School, Nephrology Department, Corum, Turkey
| | - Mindy M Pike
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aseel Alsouqi
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel A E Headley
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Tuttle
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Evans
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Charles M Milch
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey A Moody
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Michael Germain
- Department of Nephrology, Bay State Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T A Ikizler
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040872. [PMID: 31003450 PMCID: PMC6521137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative-stress theory of aging postulates that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of ROS-induced damage. Liver function impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common among the elderly. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and evolve to hepatic cirrhosis or hepatic carcinoma. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and inflammation play a key role in the progression of NAFLD. A growing body of evidence supports the therapeutic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahaexenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on metabolic diseases based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we performed a systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of n-3 PUFA on both systemic oxidative stress and on NAFLD/NASH features in adults. As a matter of fact, it remains controversial whether n-3 PUFA are effective to counteract oxidative stress. On the other hand, data suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may be effective in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in patients with more severe NAFLD or NASH. Future perspectives and relevant aspects that should be considered when planning new randomized controlled trials are also discussed.
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8
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Effects of dietary fats on blood lipids: a review of direct comparison trials. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000871. [PMID: 30094038 PMCID: PMC6074619 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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9
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van 't Erve TJ. Strategies to decrease oxidative stress biomarker levels in human medical conditions: A meta-analysis on 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α. Redox Biol 2018; 17:284-296. [PMID: 29775960 PMCID: PMC6007822 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread detection of elevated oxidative stress levels in many medical conditions has led to numerous efforts to design interventions to reduce its effects. Efforts have been wide-ranging, from dietary changes to administration of antioxidants, supplements, e.g., omega-3-fatty acids, and many medications. However, there is still no systemic assessment of the efficacy of treatments for oxidative stress reduction across a variety of medical conditions. The goal of this meta-analysis is, by combining multiple studies, to quantitate the change in the levels of the popular oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) after a variety of treatment strategies in human populations. Nearly 350 unique publications with 180 distinct strategies were included in the analysis. For each strategy, the difference between pre- or placebo and post-treatment levels calculated using Hedges' g value of effect. In general, administration of antibiotics, antihyperlipidemic agents, or changes in lifestyle (g = - 0.63, - 0.54, and 0.56) had the largest effect. Administration of supplements, antioxidants, or changes in diet (g = - 0.09, - 0.28, - 0.12) had small quantitative effects. To fully interpret the effectiveness of these treatments, comparisons to the increase in g value for each medical condition is required. For example, antioxidants in populations with coronary artery disease (CAD) reduce the 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = - 0.34 ± 0.1, which is quantitatively considered a small effect. However, CAD populations, in comparison to healthy populations, have an increase in 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = 0.38 ± 0.04; therefore, the overall reduction of 8-iso-PGF2α levels is ≈ 90% by this treatment in this specific medical condition. In conclusion, 8-iso-PGF2α levels can be reduced not only by antioxidants but by many other strategies. Not all strategies are equally effective at reducing 8-iso-PGF2α levels. In addition, the effectiveness of any strategy can be assessed only in relation to the medical condition investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
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Phang M, Skilton MR. Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Complications of Pregnancy and Maternal Risk Factors for Offspring Cardio-Metabolic Disease. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050138. [PMID: 29695082 PMCID: PMC5983270 DOI: 10.3390/md16050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are important nutrients during periods of rapid growth and development in utero and infancy. Maternal health and risk factors play a crucial role in birth outcomes and subsequently offspring cardio-metabolic health. Evidence from observational studies and randomized trials have suggested a potential association of maternal intake of marine n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy with pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, there is inconsistency in the literature on whether marine n-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy can prevent maternal complications of pregnancy. This narrative literature review summarizes recent evidence on observational and clinical trials of marine n-3 PUFA intake on maternal risk factors and effects on offspring cardio-metabolic health. The current evidence generally does not support a role of maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in altering the incidence of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. It may be that benefits from marine n-3 PUFA supplementation are more pronounced in high-risk populations, such as women with a history of complications of pregnancy, or women with low marine n-3 PUFA intake. Discrepancies between studies may be related to differences in study design, dosage, fatty acid interplay, and length of treatment. Further prospective double-blind studies are needed to clarify the impact of long-chain marine n-3 PUFAs on risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
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Felau SM, Sales LP, Solis MY, Hayashi AP, Roschel H, Sá-Pinto AL, Andrade DCOD, Katayama KY, Irigoyen MC, Consolim-Colombo F, Bonfa E, Gualano B, Benatti FB. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Small-Scale Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Immunol 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 29552010 PMCID: PMC5840153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation has been shown to improve endothelial function in a number of diseases; thus, it could be of high clinical relevance in APS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation on endothelial function (primary outcome) of patients with primary APS (PAPS). A 16-week randomized clinical trial was conducted with 22 adult women with PAPS. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive placebo (PL, n = 11) or n-3 PUFA (ω-3, n = 11) supplementation. Before (pre) and after (post) 16 weeks of the intervention, patients were assessed for endothelial function (peripheral artery tonometry) (primary outcome). Patients were also assessed for systemic markers of endothelial cell activation, inflammatory markers, dietary intake, international normalized ratio (INR), and adverse effects. At post, ω-3 group presented significant increases in endothelial function estimates reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and logarithmic transformation of RHI (LnRHI) when compared with PL (+13 vs. -12%, p = 0.06, ES = 0.9; and +23 vs. -22%, p = 0.02, ES = 1.0). No changes were observed for e-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1, and fibrinogen levels (p > 0.05). In addition, ω-3 group showed decreased circulating levels of interleukin-10 (-4 vs. +45%, p = 0.04, ES = -0.9) and tumor necrosis factor (-13 vs. +0.3%, p = 0.04, ES = -0.95) and a tendency toward a lower intercellular adhesion molecule-1 response (+3 vs. +48%, p = 0.1, ES = -0.7) at post when compared with PL. No changes in dietary intake, INR, or self-reported adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, 16 weeks of n-3 PUFA supplementation improved endothelial function in patients with well-controlled PAPS. These results support a role of n-3 PUFA supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in APS. Registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01956188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheylla M Felau
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Sales
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Y Solis
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Hayashi
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Sá-Pinto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danieli Castro Oliveira De Andrade
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keyla Y Katayama
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Benatti
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
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Da Silva MS, Bilodeau JF, Julien P, Rudkowska I. Dietary fats and F 2-isoprostanes: A review of the clinical evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3929-3941. [PMID: 27438347 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1196646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports that a high dietary fat intake increases oxidative stress and the risk of diet-induced metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoP) are formed by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid and are widely used as reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in clinical studies. Dietary fats may influence F2-isoP levels, as they (1) are metabolic substrates for their formation, (2) modify the lipid composition of tissues, and (3) affect the plasma lipoprotein concentrations which are involved in F2-isoP transport. This review examined the latest clinical evidence on how dietary fats can affect blood circulation and excretion of F2-isoP in individuals with healthy or deteriorated metabolic profiles. Clinical studies reported that saturated or monounsaturated fat-rich diets did not affect F2-isoP levels in adults with healthy or deteriorated metabolic profiles. Though, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased F2-isoP levels in numerous studies, whereas trans-fatty acids raised F2-isoP excretion. Yet, the reported heterogeneous results reveal important considerations, such as the health status of the participants, the biological fluids used to determine F2-isoP, the analytical methods employed and the specific F2-isoP isomers detected. Therefore, future clinical studies should be designed in order to consider these issues in the studies of the effects of fat intake on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine S Da Silva
- a Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit , CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada.,c Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine , Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada
| | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- a Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit , CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada.,b Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine , Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- a Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit , CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada.,b Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine , Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- a Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit , CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada.,c Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine , Université Laval , Quebec , QC , Canada
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Duggan C, Tapsoba JDD, Wang CY, Campbell KL, Foster-Schubert K, Gross MD, McTiernan A. Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 9:835-843. [PMID: 27803047 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet ("diet"; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ("exercise"; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention ("diet + exercise"; n = 117); or (iv) control (n = 87). Outcomes were circulating markers of oxidative stress, including fluorescent oxidation products (FOP), F2-isoprostanes, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). On average, participants were 57.9 years, with a BMI of 30.9 kg/m2 F2-isprostanes were significantly reduced in the diet (-22.7%, P = 0.0002) and diet + exercise (-23.5%, P < 0.0001) arms versus controls (-2.99%) and nonsignificantly reduced in the exercise arm (-14.5%, P = 0.01). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had significant increases in levels of FOP [control -5.81%; diet +14.77% (P = 0.0001); diet + exercise +17.45%, (P = 0.0001)]. In secondary analyses, increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in oxidized LDL and in F2-isoprostanes and increases in FOP. Compared with controls, exercise participants whose maximal oxygen consumption increased had significant decreases in levels of F2-isoprostanes and in oxidized LDL and increases in FOP. Dietary weight loss, with or without exercise, significantly reduced some markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 835-43. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Jean de Dieu Tapsoba
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ching-Yun Wang
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kristin L Campbell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | | | - Anne McTiernan
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Da Boit M, Hunter AM, Gray SR. Fit with good fat? The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on exercise performance. Metabolism 2017; 66:45-54. [PMID: 27923448 PMCID: PMC5155640 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-3 PUFA (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a family of fatty acids mainly found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. The effects of n-3 PUFA on health are mainly derived from its anti-inflammatory proprieties and its influence on immune function. Lately an increased interest in n-3 PUFA supplementation has reached the world of sport nutrition, where the majority of athletes rely on nutrition strategies to improve their training and performance. A vast amount of attention is paid in increasing metabolic capacity, delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function. Nutritional strategies are also frequently considered for enhancing recovery, improving immune function and decreasing oxidative stress. The current review of the literature shows that data regarding the effects of n-3PUFA supplementation are conflicting and we conclude that there is, therefore, not enough evidence supporting a beneficial role on the aforementioned aspects of exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Da Boit
- Department of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, England, DE22 1GB, UK.
| | - Angus M Hunter
- Health & Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Stuart R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Ellegård
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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16
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Barden A, O'Callaghan N, Burke V, Mas E, Beilin LJ, Fenech M, Irish AB, Watts GF, Puddey IB, Huang RC, Mori TA. n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:175. [PMID: 27007392 PMCID: PMC4808901 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA telomere shortening associates with the age-related increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Reducing oxidative stress, could modify telomere erosion during cell replication, and CVD risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of n-3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) on telomere length was studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in CKD. Eighty-five CKD patients were randomized to: n-3 fatty acids (4 g); CoQ (200 mg); both supplements; or control (4 g olive oil), daily for 8 weeks. Telomere length was measured in neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at baseline and 8 weeks, with and without correction for cell counts. Main and interactive effects of n-3 fatty acids and CoQ on telomere length were assessed adjusting for baseline values. F2-isoprostanes were measured as markers of oxidative stress. There was no effect of n-3 fatty acids or CoQ on neutrophil or PBMC telomere length. However, telomere length corrected for neutrophil count was increased after n-3 fatty acids (p = 0.015). Post-intervention plasma F2-isoprostanes were negative predictors of post-intervention telomere length corrected for neutrophil count (p = 0.025).The effect of n-3 fatty acids to increased telomere length corrected for neutrophil count may relate to reduced oxidative stress and increased clearance of neutrophils with shorter telomeres from the circulation. This may be a novel mechanism of modifying CVD risk in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Valerie Burke
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Emile Mas
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ashley B Irish
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ian B Puddey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco 6008, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth 6000, Western Australia, Australia.
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18
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Fish oil and multivitamin supplementation reduces oxidative stress but not inflammation in healthy older adults: A randomised controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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n-3 fatty acids reduce plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1947-53. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Yessoufou A, Nekoua MP, Gbankoto A, Mashalla Y, Moutairou K. Beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids in gestational diabetes: consequences in macrosomia and adulthood obesity. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:731434. [PMID: 25961055 PMCID: PMC4415737 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are increasingly being used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we report data on the observed effects of omega-3 PUFA on major metabolic disorders and immune system disruption during gestational diabetes and their consequences on macrosomia. While controversies still exist about omega-3 PUFA effects on antioxidant status regarding the level of omega-3 PUFA in diet supplementation, their lipid-lowering effects are unanimously recognized by researchers. Animal studies have shown that omega-3 PUFA contributes to the maintenance of the immune defense system by promoting the differentiation of T helper (Th) cell to a Th2 phenotype in diabetic pregnancy and by shifting the Th1/Th2 ratio from a deleterious proinflammatory Th1 phenotype to a protective anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype in macrosomia and in adulthood obesity that results from macrosomia at birth. Based on the available evidence, international nutritional and food agencies recommend administration of omega-3 PUFA as triglyceride-lowering agents, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk and during human pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, studies targeting humans are still required to explore application of the fatty acids as supplement in the management of gestational diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akadiri Yessoufou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
- *Akadiri Yessoufou:
| | - Magloire P. Nekoua
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adam Gbankoto
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Yohana Mashalla
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
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Mohammadi Sartang M, Mazloomi SM, Tanideh N, Rezaian Zadeh A. The Effects of Probiotic Soymilk Fortified with Omega-3 on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, Haematological and Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Parameters in Streptozotocin Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:696372. [PMID: 26347893 PMCID: PMC4548139 DOI: 10.1155/2015/696372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic soymilk fortified with omega-3 in diabetic rats. METHODS Soymilk (SM), fermented soymilk (FSM), and fermented soymilk fortified with omega-3 (FSM + omega-3) were prepared. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 13 animals per group. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 15 min after the intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (NA). Normal control (NC) and diabetic control (DC) rats received 1 mL/day of distilled water and three groups of diabetic rats were given 1 mL/day of SM, FSM, and FSM + omega-3 products by oral gavage for 28 days. RESULTS Three products significantly (P < 0.05) reduced blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations compared to the DC group, with the maximum reduction seen in the FSM + omega-3 group. Body weight, red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) also significantly increased in the FSM + omega-3 group. In the FSM + omega-3 group, MDA level compared with the SM and FSM groups and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations compared with the DC and FSM groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fermented soymilk fortified with omega-3 may be beneficial in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadi Sartang
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7153675541, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7153675541, Iran
- *Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi:
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134874478, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaian Zadeh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7153675541, Iran
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Abstract
Accumulation of triacylglycerols within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes to the degree that lipid droplets are visible microscopically is called liver steatosis. Most commonly, it occurs when there is an imbalance between the delivery or synthesis of fatty acids in the liver and their disposal through oxidative pathways or secretion into the blood as a component of triacylglycerols in very low density lipoprotein. This disorder is called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the absence of alcoholic abuse and viral hepatitis, and it is often associated with insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Also, liver steatosis can be induced by many other causes including excessive alcohol consumption, infection with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus and certain medications. Whereas hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation was once considered the ultimate effector of hepatic lipotoxicity, triacylglycerols per se are quite inert and do not induce insulin resistance or cellular injury. Rather, lipotoxic injury in the liver appears to be mediated by the global ongoing fatty acid enrichment in the liver, paralleling the development of insulin resistance. A considerable number of fatty acid metabolites may be responsible for hepatic lipotoxicity and liver injury. Additional key contributors include hepatic cytosolic lipases and the "lipophagy" of lipid droplets, as sources of hepatic fatty acids. The specific origin of the lipids, mainly triacylglycerols, accumulating in liver has been unraveled by recent kinetic studies, and identifying the origin of the accumulated triacylglycerols in the liver of patients with NAFLD may direct the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q-H Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Kelley NS, Yoshida Y, Erickson KL. Do n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase or Decrease Lipid Peroxidation in Humans? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:403-15. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirvair S. Kelley
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kent L. Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, California
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Guichardant M, Calzada C, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M, Véricel E. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygenated metabolism in atherothrombosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:485-95. [PMID: 25263947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including a lower risk of coronary heart diseases. This review mainly focuses on the effects of alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on some risk factors associated with atherothrombosis, including platelet activation, plasma lipid concentrations and oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Special focus is given to the effects of marine PUFA on the formation of eicosanoids and docosanoids, and to the bioactive properties of some oxygenated metabolites of omega-3 PUFA produced by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases. The antioxidant effects of marine omega-3 PUFA at low concentrations and the pro-oxidant effects of DHA at high concentrations on the redox status of platelets and LDL are highlighted. Non enzymatic peroxidation end-products deriving from omega-3 PUFA such as hydroxy-hexenals, neuroketals and EPA-derived isoprostanes are also considered in relation to atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelyne Véricel
- Université de Lyon, UMR 1060 Inserm (CarMeN), UMR 1397 INRA, INSA-Lyon, IMBL, Villeurbanne, France
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25
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Shichiri M, Adkins Y, Ishida N, Umeno A, Shigeri Y, Yoshida Y, Fedor DM, Mackey BE, Kelley DS. DHA concentration of red blood cells is inversely associated with markers of lipid peroxidation in men taking DHA supplement. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:196-202. [PMID: 25411526 PMCID: PMC4227822 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the proportion of fatty acids with higher numbers of double bonds is believed to increase lipid peroxidation, which augments the risk for many chronic diseases. (n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids provide various health benefits, but there is a concern that they might increase lipid peroxidation. We examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 (n-3)] supplementation on lipid peroxidation markers in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) and their associations with red blood cell and plasma fatty acids. Hypertriglyceridemic men (n = 17 per group) aged 39–66 years participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study. They received no supplements for the first 8 days and then received 7.5 g/day docosahexaenoic acid oil (3 g/day docosahexaenoic acid) or olive oil (placebo) for 90 days. Fasting blood samples were collected 0, 45, and 91 days after supplementation. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation did not change plasma or RBC concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers (total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, total hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, total 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol) when pre- and post-supplement values were compared. However, the post-supplement docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration was inversely associated with RBC concentrations of ZE-HODE, EE-HODE, t-HODE, and total 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, (p<0.05). RBC concentration of hydroxycholesterol was also inversely associated with DHA but it did not attain significance (p = 0.07). Our results suggest that increased concentration of DHA in RBC lipids reduced lipid peroxidation. This may be another health benefit of DHA in addition to its many other health promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Dawn M Fedor
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce E Mackey
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Darshan S Kelley
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ahmed AA, Balogun KA, Bykova NV, Cheema SK. Novel regulatory roles of omega-3 fatty acids in metabolic pathways: a proteomics approach. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24438320 PMCID: PMC3898484 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to alleviate the symptoms of metabolic disorders, such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Several putative mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA elicit beneficial health effects have been proposed; however, there is still a shortage of knowledge on the proteins and pathways that are regulated by n-3 PUFA. Methods Using two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, we investigated the effects of diets high or low in n-3 PUFA on hepatic proteomic profile of C57BL/6 mice. Results The findings show for the first time that high dietary n-3 PUFA reduced the expression of regucalcin, adenosine kinase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. On the other hand, diets high in n-3 PUFA increased the expression of apolipoprotein A-I, S-adenosylmethionine synthase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, ketohexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, GTP-specific succinyl CoA synthase, ornithine aminotransferase and protein disulfide isomerase-A3. Conclusions Our findings revealed for the first time that n-3 PUFA causes alterations in several novel functional proteins involved in regulating lipid, carbohydrate, one-carbon, citric acid cycle and protein metabolism, suggesting integrated regulation of metabolic pathways. These novel proteins are potential targets to develop therapeutic strategies against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sukhinder K Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St, John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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27
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Giordano E, Visioli F. Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids: molecular bases of potential antioxidant actions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:1-4. [PMID: 24345866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of investigation are being developed to assess the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely those of the omega 3 series, intake on oxidative stress. Keeping in mind that there might be a dose-response relation, in vivo and in vitro data strongly suggest that omega 3 fatty acids might act as anti- rather than pro-oxidant in several cells such as vascular cells, hence diminishing inflammation, oxidative stress, and, in turn, the risk of atherosclerosis and degenerative disorders such as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Mori TA. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology and effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Food Funct 2014; 5:2004-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies provide support that the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish and fish oils are cardioprotective, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology
- Royal Perth Hospital Unit
- University of Western Australia and The Cardiovascular Research Centre
- Perth, Western Australia 6847
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Wu SH, Shu XO, Chow WH, Xiang YB, Zhang X, Li HL, Cai Q, Milne G, Ji BT, Cai H, Rothman N, Gao YT, Zheng W, Yang G. Nonexercise physical activity and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 23:159-67. [PMID: 24168102 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2013.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leisure time exercise has been linked to lower circulating levels of inflammatory markers. Few studies have examined the association of nonexercise physical activity with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 1005 Chinese women aged 40-70 years. Usual physical activity was assessed through in-person interviews using a validated physical activity questionnaire. Plasma proinflammatory cytokines and urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured. Multivariable linear models were used to evaluate the association of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with nonexercise physical activity and its major components. RESULTS Nonexercise physical activity accounted for 93.8% of overall physical activity energy expenditure. Levels of nonexercise physical activity were inversely associated with circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 (Ptrend=0.004), IL-1β (Ptrend=0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (Ptrend=0.01). Multivariable-adjusted concentrations of these cytokines were 28.2% for IL-6, 22.1% for IL-1β, and 15.9% for TNF-α lower in the highest quartile of nonexercise physical activity compared with the lowest quartile. Similar inverse associations were found for two major components of nonexercise physical activity, walking and biking for transportation, and household activity. No significant associations were observed between nonexercise physical activity and oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Daily nonexercise physical activity is associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation. This finding may have important public health implications because this type of activity is the main contributor to overall physical activity among middle-aged and elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hui Wu
- 1 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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Abstract
Many clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA from fish and fish oils, provide cardiovascular protection, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention. n-3 Fatty acids beneficially influence a number of cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, cardiac function, vascular reactivity and lipids, as well as having anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. They do not appear to adversely interact with other medications such as statins and other lipid-lowering drugs or antihypertensive medications. n-3 Fatty acids have gained widespread usage by general practitioners and clinicians in a number of clinical settings such as pregnancy and infant development, secondary prevention in CHD patients, treatment of dyslipidaemias and haemodialysis patients. Small doses are achievable with consumption of two to three oily fish meals per week or via purified encapsulated preparations now readily available. n-3 Fatty acids, particularly when consumed as fish, should be considered an important component of a healthy diet. The present paper reviews the effects of n-3 fatty acids on cardiometabolic risk factors, concentrating particularly on the evidence from randomised controlled studies in human subjects.
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Krenz M, Baines C, Kalogeris T, Korthuis R. Cell Survival Programs and Ischemia/Reperfusion: Hormesis, Preconditioning, and Cardioprotection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4199/c00090ed1v01y201309isp044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Epel ES, Belury MA, Andridge R, Lin J, Glaser R, Malarkey WB, Hwang BS, Blackburn E. Omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 28:16-24. [PMID: 23010452 PMCID: PMC3545053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shorter telomeres have been associated with poor health behaviors, age-related diseases, and early mortality. Telomere length is regulated by the enzyme telomerase, and is linked to exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. In our recent randomized controlled trial, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation lowered the concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines. This study assessed whether n-3 PUFA supplementation also affected leukocyte telomere length, telomerase, and oxidative stress. In addition to testing for group differences, changes in the continuous n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio were assessed to account for individual differences in adherence, absorption, and metabolism. The double-blind four-month trial included 106 healthy sedentary overweight middle-aged and older adults who received (1) 2.5g/day n-3 PUFAs, (2) l.25g/day n-3 PUFAs, or (3) placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Supplementation significantly lowered oxidative stress as measured by F2-isoprostanes (p=0.02). The estimated geometric mean log-F2-isoprostanes values were 15% lower in the two supplemented groups compared to placebo. Although group differences for telomerase and telomere length were nonsignificant, changes in the n-6:n-3 PUFA plasma ratios helped clarify the intervention's impact: telomere length increased with decreasing n-6:n-3 ratios, p=0.02. The data suggest that lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios can impact cell aging. The triad of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune cell aging represents important pre-disease mechanisms that may be ameliorated through nutritional interventions. This translational research broadens our understanding of the potential impact of the n-6:n-3 PUFA balance. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Méndez L, Pazos M, Gallardo JM, Torres JL, Pérez-Jiménez J, Nogués R, Romeu M, Medina I. Reduced protein oxidation in Wistar rats supplemented with marine ω3 PUFAs. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 55:8-20. [PMID: 23159545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of various dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively) on protein redox states from plasma, kidney, skeletal muscle, and liver were investigated in Wistar rats. Dietary fish oil groups were compared with animals fed soybean and linseed oils, vegetable oils enriched in ω6 linoleic acid (LA; 18:2) and ω3 α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3), respectively. Fish oil treatments were effective at reducing the level of total fatty acids in plasma and enriching the plasmatic free fatty acid fraction and erythrocyte membranes in EPA and DHA. A proteomic approach consisting of fluorescein 5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) labeling of protein carbonyls, FTSC intensity visualization on 1-DE or 2-DE gels, and protein identification by MS/MS was used for the protein oxidation assessment. Albumin was found to be the most carbonylated protein in plasma for all dietary groups, and its oxidation level was significantly modulated by dietary interventions. Supplementation with an equal EPA:DHA ratio (1:1) showed the lowest oxidation score for plasma albumin, followed in increasing order of carbonylation by 1:2 <2:1 ≈ linseed < soybean. Oxidation patterns of myofibrillar skeletal muscle proteins and cytosolic proteins from kidney and liver also indicated a protective effect on proteins for the fish oil treatments, the 1:1 ratio exhibiting the lowest protein oxidation scores. The effect of fish oil treatments at reducing carbonylation on specific proteins from plasma (albumin), skeletal muscle (actin), and liver (albumin, argininosuccinate synthetase, 3-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) was remarkable. This investigation highlights the efficiency of dietary fish oil at reducing in vivo oxidative damage of proteins compared to oils enriched in the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids ω3 ALA and ω6 LA, and such antioxidant activity may differ among different fish oil sources because of variations in EPA/DHA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Arikawa AY, Thomas W, Gross M, Smith A, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS, Schmitz KH. Aerobic training reduces systemic oxidative stress in young women with elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes. Contemp Clin Trials 2012. [PMID: 23178737 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this trial was to determine whether exercise without weight loss would reduce F2-isoprostanes in previously sedentary young women. Participants (N=319) were randomized to four months of 150min/week aerobic exercise or a control group. Plasma free F2-isoprostanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Other assessments included fitness and % body fat. Intervention groups were compared with stratification by quartiles of baseline plasma F2-isoprostane. This stratified comparison was linearly adjusted for baseline plasma F2-isoprostane and we also used baseline plasma F2-isoprostane as a propensity score to balance the intervention. Training resulted in significant improvements in aerobic fitness (0.88 METs) and body fat percent (1%) in exercisers compared to controls (p<0.001). The exercise group had significantly higher mean baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes (79.1 vs 67.9pg/mL) than the control group in the highest quartile of baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes. Within this highest quartile, exercise led to a greater decline in plasma F2-isoprostanes (-20.2±2.5pg/mL) than control (-7.4±2.5pg/mL); with adjustment for baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes and in the balanced groups, this difference was reduced but remained significant. Four months of exercise training resulted in significant reductions of systemic oxidative stress only among previously sedentary young women who were in the highest quartile of plasma F2-isoprostanes at baseline (≥57pg/mL). Our findings indicate that the benefits of aerobic exercise in reducing systemic oxidative stress may be limited to those who present higher baseline levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Y Arikawa
- University of Minnesota, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Daughton CG. Using biomarkers in sewage to monitor community-wide human health: isoprostanes as conceptual prototype. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 424:16-38. [PMID: 22425170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Timely assessment of the aggregate health of small-area human populations is essential for guiding the optimal investment of resources needed for preventing, avoiding, controlling, or mitigating exposure risks. Seeking those interventions yielding the greatest benefit with respect to allocation of resources is essential for making progress toward community sustainability, promoting social justice, and maintaining or improving health and well-being. More efficient approaches are needed for revealing cause-effect linkages between environmental stressors and human health and for measuring overall aggregate health of small-area populations. A new concept is presented--community health assessment via Sewage Chemical Information Mining (SCIM)--for quickly gauging overall, aggregate health status or trends for entire small-area populations. The approach--BioSCIM--would monitor raw sewage for specific biomarkers broadly associated with human disease, stress, or health. A wealth of untapped chemical information resides in raw sewage, a portion comprising human biomarkers of exposure and effects. BioSCIM holds potential for capitalizing on the presence of biomarkers in sewage for accomplishing any number of objectives. One of the many potential applications of BioSCIM could use various biomarkers of stress resulting from the collective excretion from all individuals in a local population. A prototype example is presented using a class of biomarkers that measures collective, systemic oxidative stress--the isoprostanes (prostaglandin-like free-radical catalyzed oxidation products from certain polyunsaturated fatty acids). Sampling and analysis of raw sewage hold great potential for quickly determining aggregate biomarker levels for entire communities. Presented are the basic principles of BioSCIM, together with its anticipated limitations, challenges, and potential applications in assessing community-wide health. Community health assessment via BioSCIM could allow rapid assessments and intercomparisons of health status among distinct populations, revealing hidden or emerging trends or disparities and aiding in evaluating correlations (or hypotheses) between stressor exposures and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Daughton
- Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA.
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Tortosa-Martínez J, Clow A. Does physical activity reduce risk for Alzheimer's disease through interaction with the stress neuroendocrine system? Stress 2012; 15:243-61. [PMID: 22043986 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.629323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and PA interventions are believed to provide an effective non-pharmacological approach for attenuating the symptoms of this disease. However, the mechanism of action of these positive effects is currently unknown. It is possible that the benefits may be at least partially mediated by the effects on the neuroendocrine stress system. Chronic stress can lead to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to aberrant basal and circadian patterns of cortisol secretion and a cascade of negative downstream events. These factors have been linked not only to reduced cognitive function but also increased levels of amyloid-β plaques and protein tau "tangles" (the neuropathological hallmarks of AD) in the non-demented mouse models of this disease. However, there is evidence that PA can have restorative effects on the stress neuroendocrine system and related risk factors relevant to AD. We explore the possibility that PA can positively impact upon AD by restoring normative HPA axis function, with consequent downstream effects upon underlying neuropathology and associated cognitive function. We conclude with suggestions for future research to test this hypothesis in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tortosa-Martínez
- Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Alicante , 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig - Alicante , Spain
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Physiologische und molekulare Mechanismen der Wirkung von körperlicher Aktivität auf das Krebsrisiko und den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2011; 55:3-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-011-1400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Leso V, Trovato-Salinaro A, Ventimiglia B, Cavallaro M, Scuto M, Rizza S, Zanoli L, Neri S, Castellino P. Oxidative stress, glutathione status, sirtuin and cellular stress response in type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:729-36. [PMID: 22186191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a main role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. As a consequence of this increased oxidative status a cellular adaptive response occurs requiring functional chaperones, antioxidant production and protein degradation. This study was designed to evaluate systemic oxidative stress and cellular stress response in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and in age-matched healthy subjects. Systemic oxidative stress has been evaluated by measuring plasma reduced and oxidized glutathione, as well as pentosidine, protein carbonyls lipid oxidation products 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and F2-isoprostanes in plasma, and lymphocytes, whereas the lymphocyte levels of the heat shock proteins (HSP) HO-1, Hsp72, Sirtuin-1, Sirtuin-2 and thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) have been measured to evaluate the systemic cellular stress response. Plasma GSH/GSSG showed a significant decrease in type 2 diabetes as compared to control group, associated with increased pentosidine, F2-isoprostanes, carbonyls and HNE levels. In addition, lymphocyte levels of HO-1, Hsp70, Trx and TrxR-1 (P<0.05 and P<0.01) in diabetic patients were higher than in normal subjects, while sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-2 protein was significantly decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, patients affected by type 2 diabetes are under condition of systemic oxidative stress and, although the relevance of downregulation in sirtuin signal has to be fully understood, however induction of HSPs and thioredoxin protein system represent a maintained response in counteracting systemic pro-oxidant status. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Maternal diabetes in pregnancy: early and long-term outcomes on the offspring and the concept of "metabolic memory". EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:218598. [PMID: 22144985 PMCID: PMC3226356 DOI: 10.1155/2011/218598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adverse outcomes on the offspring from maternal diabetes in pregnancy are substantially documented. In this paper, we report main knowledge on impacts of maternal diabetes on early and long-term health of the offspring, with specific comments on maternal obesity. The main adverse outcome on progenies from pregnancy complicated with maternal diabetes appears to be macrosomia, as it is commonly known that intrauterine exposure to hyperglycemia increases the risk and programs the offspring to develop diabetes and/or obesity at adulthood. This “fetal programming”, due to intrauterine diabetic milieu, is termed as “metabolic memory”. In gestational diabetes as well as in macrosomia, the complications include metabolic abnormalities, degraded antioxidant status, disrupted immune system and potential metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Furthermore, there is evidence that maternal obesity may also increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. However, women with GDM possibly exhibit greater macrosomia than obese women. Obesity and diabetes in pregnancy have independent and additive effects on obstetric complications, and both require proper management. Management of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity is essential for maternal and offspring's good health. Increasing physical activity, preventing gestational weight gain, and having some qualitative nutritional habits may be beneficial during both the pregnancy and offspring's future life.
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Mas E, Woodman RJ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Durand T, Mori TA. The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA decrease plasma F(2)-isoprostanes: Results from two placebo-controlled interventions. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:983-90. [PMID: 20540666 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.492830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (omega3) fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protect against cardiovascular disease. Despite these benefits, concern remains that omega3 fatty acids may increase lipid peroxidation. It has previously been shown that urinary F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) were reduced following omega3 fatty acid supplementation in humans. It is now determined whether EPA or DHA supplementation affects plasma F(2)-IsoPs. In two 6-week placebo-controlled interventions, Study A: overweight, dyslipidaemic men; and Study B: treated-hypertensive Type 2 diabetic, patients were randomized to 4 g daily EPA, DHA. Post-intervention plasma F(2)-IsoPs were significantly reduced by EPA (24% in Study A, 19% in Study B) and by DHA (14% in Study A, 23% in Study B) relative to the olive oil group. The fall in plasma F(2)-IsoPs was not altered in analyses that corrected for changes in plasma arachidonic acid, which was reduced with EPA and DHA supplementation. Neither F(3)- nor F(4)-IsoPs were observed in plasma in both studies. These results show that in humans, EPA and DHA reduce in vivo oxidant stress as measured in human plasma and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mas
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Barden A, Mas E, Henry P, Durand T, Galano JM, Roberts LJ, Croft KD, Mori TA. The effects of oxidation products of arachidonic acid and n3 fatty acids on vascular and platelet function. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:469-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.544730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Campbell PT, Gross MD, Potter JD, Schmitz KH, Duggan C, McTiernan A, Ulrich CM. Effect of exercise on oxidative stress: a 12-month randomized, controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1448-53. [PMID: 20139793 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181cfc908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of a yearlong exercise intervention on F2-isoprostane, a specific marker of lipid peroxidation and a general marker of oxidative stress. METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, 173 overweight or obese, postmenopausal, sedentary women were randomized either to an aerobic exercise intervention (60%-75% observed maximal HR) for > or =45 min.d-1, 5 d.wk-1 (n = 87), or to a stretching control group (n = 86), on an intent-to-treat basis. Baseline and 12-month measures included urinary F2-isoprostane, maximal O2 uptake, body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and intra-abdominal fat surface area. Urine samples were available from 172 and 168 women at baseline and 12 months, respectively. RESULTS During the 12-month study, controls minimally changed maximal O2 uptake (+0.2%) and body weight (+0.1 kg), whereas exercisers increased maximal O2 uptake (+13.6%; P < 0.0001 vs controls) and decreased body weight (-1.3 kg; P = 0.007 vs controls). F2-isoprostane increased slightly among controls (+3.3%) and decreased in exercisers (-6.2%), although the effect was not statistically significant (P = 0.26). In planned subgroup analyses, F2-isoprostane decreased linearly with gain in maximal O2 uptake (Ptrend = 0.005) relative to controls; exercisers who increased maximal O2 uptake by >15% decreased F2-isoprostane by 14.1% (P = 0.005 vs controls). A borderline statistically significant trend was observed between decreased waist circumference and F2-isoprostane (P = 0.06). Similar subgroup analyses by 12-month changes in body fat percentage, weight, and intra-abdominal fat were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aerobic exercise, when accompanied by relatively marked gains in aerobic fitness, decreases oxidative stress among previously sedentary older women and that these effects occur with minimal change in mass or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Forsythe CE, Phinney SD, Feinman RD, Volk BM, Freidenreich D, Quann E, Ballard K, Puglisi MJ, Maresh CM, Kraemer WJ, Bibus DM, Fernandez ML, Volek JS. Limited effect of dietary saturated fat on plasma saturated fat in the context of a low carbohydrate diet. Lipids 2010; 45:947-62. [PMID: 20820932 PMCID: PMC2974193 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that a hypocaloric carbohydrate restricted diet (CRD) had two striking effects: (1) a reduction in plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) despite higher intake than a low fat diet, and (2) a decrease in inflammation despite a significant increase in arachidonic acid (ARA). Here we extend these findings in 8 weight stable men who were fed two 6-week CRD (12%en carbohydrate) varying in quality of fat. One CRD emphasized SFA (CRD-SFA, 86 g/d SFA) and the other, unsaturated fat (CRD-UFA, 47 g SFA/d). All foods were provided to subjects. Both CRD decreased serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and insulin, and increased LDL-C particle size. The CRD-UFA significantly decreased plasma TAG SFA (27.48 ± 2.89 mol%) compared to baseline (31.06 ± 4.26 mol%). Plasma TAG SFA, however, remained unchanged in the CRD-SFA (33.14 ± 3.49 mol%) despite a doubling in SFA intake. Both CRD significantly reduced plasma palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) indicating decreased de novo lipogenesis. CRD-SFA significantly increased plasma phospholipid ARA content, while CRD-UFA significantly increased EPA and DHA. Urine 8-iso PGF2α, a free radical-catalyzed product of ARA, was significantly lower than baseline following CRD-UFA (−32%). There was a significant inverse correlation between changes in urine 8-iso PGF2α and PL ARA on both CRD (r = −0.82 CRD-SFA; r = −0.62 CRD-UFA). These findings are consistent with the concept that dietary saturated fat is efficiently metabolized in the presence of low carbohydrate, and that a CRD results in better preservation of plasma ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Forsythe
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Unit 1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA
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Jedrychowski W, Perera F, Mrozek-Budzyn D, Flak E, Mroz E, Sochacka-Tatara E, Jacek R, Kaim I, Skolicki Z, Spengler JD. Higher fish consumption in pregnancy may confer protection against the harmful effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2010; 56:119-26. [PMID: 20134157 DOI: 10.1159/000275918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The objective of this study was to assess a hypothesized beneficial effect of fish consumption during the last trimester of pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes resulting from prenatal exposure to fine air particulate matter. METHODS The cohort consisted of 481 nonsmoking women with singleton pregnancies, of 18-35 years of age, who gave birth at term. All recruited women were asked about their usual diet over the period of pregnancy. Measurements of particulate matter less than 2.5 mum in size (PM(2.5)) were carried out by personal air monitoring over 48 h during the second trimester of pregnancy. The effect of PM(2.5) and fish intake during gestation on the birth weight of the babies was estimated from multivariable linear regression models, which beside the main independent variables considered a set of potential confounding factors such as the size of the mother (height, prepregnancy weight), maternal education, parity, the gender of the child, gestational age and the season of birth. RESULTS The study showed that the adjusted birth weight was significantly lower in newborns whose mothers were exposed to particulate matter greater than 46.3 microg/m3 (beta coefficient = -97.02, p = 0.032). Regression analysis stratified by the level of maternal fish consumption (in tertiles) showed that the deficit in birth weight amounted to 133.26 g (p = 0.052) in newborns whose mothers reported low fish intake (<91 g/week). The birth weight deficit in newborns whose mothers reported medium (91-205 g/week) or higher fish intake (>205 g/week) was insignificant. The interaction term between PM(2.5) and fish intake levels was also insignificant (beta = -107,35, p = 0.215). Neither gestational age nor birth weight correlated with maternal fish consumption. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a higher consumption of fish by women during pregnancy may reduce the risk of adverse effects of prenatal exposure to toxicants and highlight the fact that a full assessment of adverse birth outcomes resulting from prenatal exposure to ambient hazards should consider maternal nutrition during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Jedrychowski
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Pavlatou MG, Papastamataki M, Apostolakou F, Papassotiriou I, Tentolouris N. FORT and FORD: two simple and rapid assays in the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2009; 58:1657-62. [PMID: 19604518 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of free oxygen radicals and free oxygen radicals defense in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The disease seems to be involved strongly in the production of reactive oxygen species. Forty-five patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 20 apparently healthy individuals (control group) were included in the study. Reactive oxygen species were determined using the free oxygen radicals (FORT) test, which is based on the Fenton reaction. In this method, the hydroperoxides reacted with the transition metal ions liberated from the proteins and were converted to alkoxy and peroxy radicals. The radical species produced by the reaction, which are directly proportional to the quantity of lipid peroxides, interact with an additive that forms a radical molecule. Similarly, the free oxygen radicals defense (FORD) test uses preformed stable and colored radicals and determines the decrease in absorbance that is proportional to the blood antioxidant concentration. We found that (a) FORT levels were increased in diabetic patients (2.86 +/- 0.56 mmol/L H(2)O(2)) compared with controls (1.87 +/- 0.26 mmol/L H(2)O(2)) (P < .0001) and (b) FORD levels were lower in diabetic patients (1.23 +/- 0.18 mmol/L Trolox) compared with controls (1.34 +/- 0.14 mmol/L Trolox) (P < .01). The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.7% and 6.2%, respectively, for FORT and 4.2% and 6.6%, respectively, for FORD. Determination of free oxygen radicals and free oxygen radicals defense seems to play an important role in the generation and evaluation of oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants that can lead to oxidative damage and is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Pavlatou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Barden AE, Croft KD, Durand T, Guy A, Mueller MJ, Mori TA. Flaxseed oil supplementation increases plasma F1-phytoprostanes in healthy men. J Nutr 2009; 139:1890-5. [PMID: 19675101 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to reduce lipid peroxidation products formed from arachidonic acid (F(2)-isoprostanes) in healthy humans, as well as in those under oxidative stress. alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) is a precursor to EPA and DHA; however, its conversion in humans is thought to be inefficient. ALA can also undergo free radical oxidation, forming compounds known as F(1)-phytoprostanes, which are found in all plants and are in high concentrations in plant pollens. In this study, we examined the effect of ALA supplementation on plasma and urine F(1)-phytoprostane and F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in men. Thirty-six nonsmoking men, aged 20-65 y, were recruited from the general population and randomly allocated to consume 9 g/d of either flaxseed oil (62% ALA, 5.4 g/d) or olive oil (placebo) for 4 wk in a parallel design. At baseline and after 4 wk of supplementation, blood samples and a 24-h urine sample were collected for measurement of plasma and urinary F(1)-phytoprostanes and F(2)-isoprostanes and plasma fatty acids. Compared with the olive oil group, plasma phospholipid ALA was greater (P < 0.0001), as were F(1)-phytoprostanes in plasma (P = 0.049) and urine (P = 0.06) in the flaxseed oil group after 4 wk supplementation. Flaxseed oil did not affect plasma or urinary F(2)-isoprostanes. The greater plasma F(1)-phytoprostane concentration in the flaxseed oil group most likely resulted from the increased plasma concentration of the ALA substrate and/or the F(1)-phytoprostane content of the flaxseed oil. Future studies are needed to determine the physiological importance of increased plasma and urine F(1)-phytoprostanes and their relevance to heart disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Royal Perth Hospital, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.
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Barden AE, Mori TA, Dunstan JA, Taylor AL, Thornton CA, Croft KD, Beilin LJ, Prescott SL. Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy Lowers F2-isoprostanes in Neonates at High Risk of Atopy. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:233-9. [PMID: 15129731 DOI: 10.1080/10715760310001656722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have suggested a potential role of these nutrients in dietary modification for prevention of allergic disease in early life. As oxidative stress is known to modify antigen presenting cell (APC) signalling and resulting immune responses, we examined the effects of maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in pregnancy on markers of oxidative stress and APC function in neonates at high risk of allergy. Eighty-three pregnant atopic women were randomised to receive 4 g daily of either fish oil (n = 40) or olive oil (n = 43) capsules in a controlled trial from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. Plasma (cord blood) and urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured as markers of lipid peroxidation. Cord erythrocyte fatty acids and markers of APC function (HLA-DR expression and cytokine responses) were measured and related to levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes. Maternal fish oil supplementation lowered plasma (p < 0.0001) and urinary (p = 0.06) F2-isoprostanes. HLA-DR expression on APC was not different between the groups. In multiple regression analysis, 28.8% of the variance in plasma F2-isoprostanes was explained by positive relationships with erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) and monocyte HLA-DR expression and a negative relationship with erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This study shows that maternal supplementation with fish oil can attenuate neonatal lipid peroxidation. Clinical follow-up of these infants will help to determine if there are sustained effects on postnatal oxidative stress and expression of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, PO Box X2213, Perth, WA, 6847, Australia.
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Basu S. F2-isoprostanes in human health and diseases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1405-34. [PMID: 18522490 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated as one of the major underlying mechanisms behind many acute and chronic diseases, and involved in normal aging. However, the measurement of free radicals or their end products is complicated. Thus, proof of association of free radicals in pathologic conditions has been absent. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like bioactive compounds that are biosynthesized in vivo independent of cyclooxygenases, principally through free-radical catalyzation of arachidonic acid. Isoprostanes are now considered to be reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress, as evidenced by an autonomous study organized recently by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. A number of these compounds have potent biologic activities such as vasoconstrictive and certain inflammatory properties. Isoprostanes are involved in many human diseases. Additionally, elevated levels of F(2)-isoprostanes have been seen in normal human pregnancy and after intake of some fatty acids, but their physiologic assignments have not yet been distinctive. This evidence indicates that measurement of bioactive F(2)-isoprostanes in body fluids offers a unique noninvasive analytic utensil to study the role of free radicals in physiology, oxidative stress-related diseases, experimental acute or chronic inflammatory conditions, and also in the assessment of various antioxidants, radical scavengers, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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TOKARZ ANDRZEJ, BOBROWSKA BARBARA, GORZATA KOSK MAŁ. 8-HYDROXY-2′-DEOXYGUANOSINE AS A BIOMARKER FOR DETECTION OF THE EARLY STAGE INDUCED ADENOCARCINOMA IN RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2008.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dórea JG. Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances in fish: human health considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 400:93-114. [PMID: 18653214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fish are important dietary items that provide essential nutrients. Fish however, bioaccumulate monomethyl mercury (MMHg) and organo-halogenated pollutants (OHP) that are persistent bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTS). Unlike man-made OHP, MMHg is mainly of natural origin but background concentrations of aquatic systems are determined by the environmental Hg-methylating potential. Industrial activities can modulate environmental discharges and fish bioaccumulation of PBTS. Fish and seafood consumption are associated with human body load of PBTS, but farming practices that utilize fishmeal increase the terrestrial food chain resulting in farm-animal accumulation of PBTS. These substances are neurotoxic and endocrine active that can impact humans and wild life, but chemical characteristics of MMHg and OHP modulate interactions with animal tissues. MMHg is protein reactive with a faster metabolism (months) than OHP that are stored and slowly (years) metabolized in fat tissues. Except for brain-Hg, neither Hg nor OHP in tissues are markers of toxic effects; however, deficits in neurobehavioral test-scores of children have been shown in some fish-eating populations. These deficits are transient and within normal range, and are not prodromes of neurological diseases. Although population studies show that consumption of fish at current levels of contamination do not explain neurological disorders, endocrine activity remains controversial. Understanding risk of hazard caused by fish-PBTS consumption requires a wide range of expertise. We discuss chemical, toxic, metabolic, and ecological characteristics associated with PBTS in fish. There are proven health outcome derived from fish consumption, while risk of exposure to avoidable PBTS is a chance that can be minimized by societal actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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