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de Oliveira RT, da Silva Oliveira JP, da Silva ALM, Carrão Dantas EK, Koblitz MGB, Bello ML, Felzenszwalb I, Araújo-Lima CF, Macedo AF. Vanilla from Brazilian Atlantic Forest: In vitro and in silico toxicity assessment and high-resolution metabolomic analysis of Vanilla spp. ethanolic extracts. Food Chem 2024; 456:139948. [PMID: 38852444 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The natural vanilla market, which generates millions annually, is predominantly dependent on Vanilla planifolia, a species characterized by low genetic variability and susceptibility to pathogens. There is an increasing demand for natural vanilla, prized for its complex, authentic, and superior quality compared to artificial counterparts. Therefore, there is a necessity for innovative production alternatives to ensure a consistent and stable supply of vanilla flavors. In this context, vanilla crop wild relatives (WRs) emerge as promising natural sources of the spice. However, these novel species must undergo toxicity assessments to evaluate potential risks and ensure safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic properties of ethanolic extracts from V. bahiana, V. chamissonis, V. cribbiana, and V. planifolia through integrated metabolomic profiling, in vitro toxicity assays, and in silico analyses. The integrated approach of metabolomics, in vitro assays, and in silico analyses has highlighted the need for further safety assessments of Vanilla cribbiana ethanolic extract. While the extracts of V. bahiana, V. chamissonis, and V. planifolia generally demonstrated non-mutagenic properties in the Ames assay, V. cribbiana exhibited mutagenicity at high concentrations (5000 μg/plate) in the TA98 strain without metabolic activation. This finding, coupled with the dose-dependent cytotoxicity observed in WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium) assays, a colorimetric method that assesses the viability of cells exposed to a test substance, underscores the importance of concentration in the safety evaluation of these extracts. Kaempferol and pyrogallol, identified with higher intensity in V. cribbiana, are potential candidates for in vitro mutagenicity. Although the results are not conclusive, they suggest the safety of these extracts at low concentrations. This study emphasizes the value of an integrated approach in providing a nuanced understanding of the safety profiles of natural products, advocating for cautious use and further research into V. cribbiana mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatha Tavares de Oliveira
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology (LIBV), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana Paula da Silva Oliveira
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology (LIBV), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Mourão da Silva
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology (LIBV), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kennedy Carrão Dantas
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenicity, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Bello Koblitz
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 296 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Planning and Computational Simulation (LaPFarSC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenicity, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Araújo-Lima
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenicity, Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 296 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Furtado Macedo
- Integrated Laboratory of Plant Biology (LIBV), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458 Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abband H, Dabirian S, Jafari A, Nasiri M, Nasiri E. Inhibitory effect of temozolomide on apoptosis induction of cinnamaldehyde in human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell line. Anat Cell Biol 2024; 57:85-96. [PMID: 37994040 PMCID: PMC10968198 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an FDA-approved drug used to treat this type of cancer. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is a derivative of cinnamon extract and makes up 99% of it. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro combined effect of CIN and TMZ on human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell line viability. In this study, we used 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tertazolium bromide (MTT) method to evaluate the extent of IC50, acridine orange, Giemsa and Hoechst staining to evaluate the manner of apoptosis and the Western blotting method to examine the expression change of apoptotic proteins. Our results show that TMZ has an inhibitory effect on CIN when both used in combination at concentrations of 300 and 100 μM (P<0.05) and has a cytotoxic effect when used alone at the same concentrations (P<0.05). The western blotting result showed that TMZ at concentrations of 2,000 and 1,000 μM significantly increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl2 expression (P<0.05), indicating that TMZ induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. However, CIN had no effect on Bax and Bcl2 expressions, thus causing apoptosis from another pathway. Also, the Bax:Bcl2 expression ratio at concentrations combined was lower than that for TMZ 1,000 μM and higher than that for CIN 150 and 100 μM (P<0.05), which confirms the inhibitory effect of TMZ on CIN. From the present study, we conclude that TMZ in combination with CIN has an inhibitory effect on increasing the cytotoxicity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Abband
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Dabirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Nasiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nasiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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3
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Chaudhari R, Singh K, Kodgire P. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:103985. [PMID: 35944794 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a diverse Gram-negative bacterium that represents the major disease burden worldwide. According to WHO, Salmonella is one of the fourth global causes of diarrhoeal disease. Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health concern, and Salmonella spp. is one of the microorganisms that can evade the toxicity of antimicrobials via antibiotic resistance. This review aims to deliver in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and the underlying biochemical alterations perceived in antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. This information will help understand and mitigate the impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on humans and contribute to the state-of-the-art research developing newer and more potent antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chaudhari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Kanika Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India.
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Molania T, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Saeedi M, Moosazadeh M, Valipour F, Rostamkalaei SS, Salehabadi N, Salehi M. Evaluation of cinnamaldehyde mucoadhesive patches on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:235. [PMID: 35701773 PMCID: PMC9199160 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objective The use of herbal medicines to treat common oral diseases increases rapidly. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases, which has an unclear etiology and could lead to severe pain and dysfunction. Cinnamaldehyde is a major component of cinnamon bark oil. Biological properties of cinnamaldehyde, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, cytotoxic, and anti-mutational characteristics, have been identified. Considering the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the importance of using herbal resources for treatment, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mucosal adhesive patches containing Cinnamaldehyde on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions.
Material & methods In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, patients were divided into two groups. The intervention group received three daily mucosal adhesive patches to be used in the morning, afternoon, and night. The control group also did the same with a placebo. To evaluate the healing and determine the diameter of the lesions, patients were clinically examined on days zero, 3, 5, and 7. The VAS scale evaluated pain at baseline and after each meal for seven days. The Fisher's exact test, t-test, Shapiro Wilk test, Friedman test, and the Mann–Whitney test were used to analyze the data using the SPSS 20 software.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in the mean diameter of the inflammatory lesion and pain intensity in the two groups in the baseline (p > 0.05). However, the ulcer size was significantly reduced in the cinnamaldehyde group on the third, fifth, and seventh days of the study. Except for baseline, the mean pain intensity significantly decreased in the cinnamaldehyde group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde mucoadhesive patches effectively reduced and improved aphthous lesions and pain intensity in patients and can be considered a treatment for RAS. Registration number: IRCT20180312039060N2—First registration date: 20/07/2018. The present study was registered as a retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Molania
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastroinstitional Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.,Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Negareh Salehabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maede Salehi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Dental Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Experimental, NBO, NLO and docking analysis of a novel ligand derived from vanillin and N(4)-methyl-N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazide and its transition metal complexes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, de Luna-Bertos E, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montesa R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, García-Martínez O. Potential Effects of Phenolic Compounds That Can Be Found in Olive Oil on Wound Healing. Foods 2021; 10:1642. [PMID: 34359512 PMCID: PMC8307686 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tissue damage produced by physical, chemical, or mechanical agents involves considerable direct and indirect costs to health care systems. Wound healing involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at repairing the defect in tissue integrity. These events can be favored by various natural agents, including the polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The objective of this study was to review data on the potential effects of different phenolic compounds that can also be found in EVOO on wound healing and closure. Results of in vitro and animal studies demonstrate that polyphenols from different plant species, also present in EVOO, participate in different aspects of wound healing, accelerating this process through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and their stimulation of angiogenic activities required for granulation tissue formation and wound re-epithelialization. These results indicate the potential usefulness of EVOO phenolic compounds for wound treatment, either alone or in combination with other therapies. Human studies are warranted to verify this proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montesa
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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7
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Bai H, Zhou D, Zhang X, Cao Y, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Yu Y. The responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to vanillin in apple juice through global transcriptomics. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 347:109189. [PMID: 33838479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can survive some extreme environment in food processing, and vanillin generally recognized as safe is bactericidal to pathogens. Thus, we need to explore the responses of S. Typhimurium to vanillin in order to apply this antimicrobial agent in food processing. In this study, we exposed S. Typhimurium to commercial apple juice with/without vanillin (3.2 mg/mL) at 45 °C for 75 min to determine the survival rate. Subsequently, the 10-min cultures were selected for transcriptomic analysis. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, genes related to vanillin resistance and their expression changes of S. Typhimurium were identified. The survival curve showed that S. Typhimurium treated with vanillin were inactivated by 5.5 log after 75 min, while the control group only decreased by 2.3 log. Such a discrepancy showed the significant antibacterial effect of vanillin on S. Typhimurium. As a result, 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found when coping with vanillin, among which, 225 showed up-regulation and 40 DEGs were down-regulated. Treated with vanillin, S. Typhimurium significantly up-regulated genes involved in cell membrane, acid tolerance response (ATR) and oxidative stress response, cold shock cross-protection, DNA repair, virulence factors and some key regulators. Firstly, membrane-related genes, including outer membrane (bamE, mepS, ygdI, lolB), inner membrane (yaiY, yicS) and other proteins (yciC, yjcH), were significantly up-regulated because of the damaged cell membrane. Then, up-regulated proteins associated with arginine synthesis (ArgABCDIG) and inward transportation (ArtI, ArtJ, ArtP and HisP), participated in ATR to pump out the protons inside the cell in this scenario. Next, superoxide stress response triggered by vanillin was found to have a significant up-regulation as well, which was controlled by SoxRS regulon. Besides, NADH-associated (nuoA, nuoB, nuoK, nadE, fre and STM3021), thioredoxin (trxA, trxC, tpx and bcp) and glutaredoxin (grxC and grxD) DEGs led to the increase of the oxidative stress response. Cold shock proteins such as CspA and CspC showed an up-regulation, suggesting it might play a role in cross-protecting S. Typhimurium from vanillin stress. Furthermore, DEGs in DNA repair and virulence factors, including flagellar assembly, adhesins and type III secretion system were up-regulated. Some regulators like fur, rpoE and csrA played a pivotal role in response to the stress caused by vanillin. Therefore, this study sounds an alarm for the risks caused by stress tolerance of S. Typhimurium in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Donggen Zhou
- Ningbo International Travel Healthcare Center, No.336 LiutingStreet, Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province 315012, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yifang Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510640, China.
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Fang Q, Xu X, Yang L, Xue Y, Cheng X, Wang X, Tang R. Self-assembled 5-fluorouracil-cinnamaldehyde nanodrugs for greatly improved chemotherapy in vivo. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:592-604. [PMID: 33593129 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221989539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The preferred cancer treatment is to achieve a high therapeutic effect as well as reduce side effects. In this study, we developed carrier-free nano drugs based on 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) to meet the above goals. Two model drugs were spliced by acetal linkage and ester bond, which could self-assemble into nano drug particles (5FU-CA NPs) with a size of ∼170 nm. In vitro cell experiments showed 5FU-CA NPs were efficiently internalized by HepG2 cells. They then quickly exerted dual drug activities by the cleavage of acetal and ester bond, resulting in enhanced cell-killing efficacy and apoptosis. Synergistic mechanisms were achieved via the anti-metabolic effects mediated by 5FU-COOH and the oxidative damage induced by CA. In vivo anti-tumor evaluation further indicated that 5FU-CA NPs had higher tumor growth inhibition than 5FU-COOH/CA mixture (5FU-COOH + CA) and exhibited lower systemic toxicity under the same reducing dose of each drug. Overall, this is a successful synergistic anti-tumor attempt through rational self-assembly of drugs with different mechanisms and it can be extrapolated to other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fang
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Longshun Yang
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanbing Xue
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Rupei Tang
- School of Life Science, 12487Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of new 2-acetyl-5-methyl thiophene and cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazones and their palladium(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Menezes da Silveira CCS, Luz DA, da Silva CCS, Prediger RDS, Martins MD, Martins MAT, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CSF. Propolis: A useful agent on psychiatric and neurological disorders? A focus on CAPE and pinocembrin components. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1195-1215. [PMID: 33174618 DOI: 10.1002/med.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Propolis consists of a honeybee product, with a complex mix of substances that have been widely used in traditional medicine. Among several compounds present in propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and pinocembrin emerge as two principal bioactive compounds, with benefits in a variety of body systems. In addition to its well-explored pharmacological properties, neuropharmacological activities have been poorly discussed. In an unprecedented way, the present review addresses the current finding on the promising therapeutic purposes of propolis, focusing on CAPE and pinocembrin, highlighting its use on neurological disturbance, as cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation, convulsion, and cognitive impairment, as well as psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In addition, we provide a critical analysis, discussion, and systematization of the molecular mechanisms which underlie these central nervous system effects. We hypothesize that the pleiotropic action of CAPE and pinocembrin, per se or associated with other substances present in propolis may result in the therapeutic activities reported. Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cascade, antioxidant activity, and positive neurotrophic modulatory effects consist of the main molecular targets attributed to CAPE and pinocembrin in health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia C S Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Diandra A Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carla C S da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rui D S Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco A T Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Enéas A Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S F Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Zakeri-Siavashani A, Chamanara M, Nassireslami E, Shiri M, Hoseini-Ahmadabadi M, Paknejad B. Three dimensional spongy fibroin scaffolds containing keratin/vanillin particles as an antibacterial skin tissue engineering scaffold. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1817021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Paknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Luo D, Guo S, He F, Chen S, Dai A, Zhang R, Wu J. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of α-Ketoamide Derivatives Bearing a Vanillin Skeleton for Crop Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7226-7234. [PMID: 32530620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel α-ketoamide derivatives bearing a vanillin skeleton were designed and synthesized. Bioactivity tests on virus and bacteria were performed. The results indicated that some compounds exhibited excellent antitobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities, such as compound 34 exhibited an inactivation activity of 90.1% and curative activity of 51.8% and compound 28 exhibited a curative activity of 54.8% at 500 μg mL-1, which is equivalent to that of the commercial ningnanmycin (inactivation of 91.9% and curative of 51.9%). Moreover, the in vitro antibacterial activity test illustrated that compounds 2, 22, and 33 showed much higher activities than commercial thiodiazole copper, which could be used as lead compounds or potential candidates. The findings of transmission electron microscopy and molecular docking indicated that the synthesized compounds exhibited strong and significant binding affinity to the TMV coat protein and could obstruct the self-assembly and increment of TMV particles. This study revealed that α-ketoamide derivatives bearing a vanillin skeleton could be used as a novel potential pesticide for controlling the plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexia Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shunhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ali Dai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Renfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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Gürer B, Kertmen H, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Öztürk ÖÇ, Bozkurt H, Karakoç A, Arıkök AT, Çelikoğlu E. The effects of Cinnamaldehyde on early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1737-1746. [PMID: 31444631 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective and vasodilatory effects of cinnamaldehyde have been widely studied and documented. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that cinnamaldehyde exhibits therapeutic effects on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm. Thirty-two adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of eight rabbits: control, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage + vehicle, and subarachnoid hemorrhage + cinnamaldehyde. An intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde was administered 5 min following an intracisternal blood injection, followed by three further daily injections at identical doses. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced. The cross-sectional areas and arterial wall thicknesses of the basilar artery were measured and hippocampal degeneration scores were evaluated. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde was effective in providing neuroprotection and attenuating cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. It effectively increased the cross-sectional areas of the basilar artery and reduced the arterial wall thickness; in addition, hippocampal degeneration scores were lower in the cinnamaldehyde group. The findings of this study showed, for the first time to our knowledge, that cinnamaldehyde exhibits neuroprotective activity against subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury and that it can prevent vasospasm. Potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection and vasodilation were discussed. Cinnamaldehyde could play a role in subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Gürer
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Zümrütevler mh. Emek cad. Nish Adalar Sitesi 36. Blok Daire 38, 34852, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Zümrütevler mh. Emek cad. Nish Adalar Sitesi 36. Blok Daire 38, 34852, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Çağlar Öztürk
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Zümrütevler mh. Emek cad. Nish Adalar Sitesi 36. Blok Daire 38, 34852, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Ata Türker Arıkök
- Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Zümrütevler mh. Emek cad. Nish Adalar Sitesi 36. Blok Daire 38, 34852, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey
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New phenolic Mannich bases with piperazines and their bioactivities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mateen S, Shahzad S, Ahmad S, Naeem SS, Khalid S, Akhtar K, Rizvi W, Moin S. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol attenuates collagen induced arthritis via reduction of free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:70-78. [PMID: 30668414 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease which leads to bone and cartilage erosion. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines plays crucial role in the pathophysiology of RA. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol have a long history of medical use in various inflammatory disorders. PURPOSE The drugs available for the treatment of RA are associated with various side effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol in rat model of arthritis. METHODS Type II collagen was intradermally injected to rats for the induction of arthritis. Cinnamaldehyde (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) and eugenol (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) were given orally for 15 days, starting from day 21 to 35. Dexamethasone treated rats served as positive control. Histological, radiological and scanning electron microscopic analysis were done to monitor the effect of compounds on collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, nitric oxide and antioxidant status were also determined. The markers of biomolecular oxidation (protein, lipid and DNA) and activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) were also evaluated in the joint homogenate and plasma of rats. For detecting inflammation, levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were monitored by ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol in arthritic rats. Scanning electron microscopy, histopathological and radiological findings also confirmed the anti-arthritic effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. Both the compounds were effective in bringing significant decrease in the levels of ROS, nitric oxide, markers of biomolecular oxidation and increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were also ameliorated by cinnamaldehyde and eugenol treatment. Between the two phytochemicals used, eugenol was found to be more effective than cinnamaldehyde in reducing the severity of arthritis. CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were effective in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in arthritic rats. These findings indicate that cinnamaldehdye and eugenol have a great potential to be used as an adjunct in the management of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiya Mateen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumayya Shahzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shafeeque Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, AL-Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre, Al-Falah University, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Shariq Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saifullah Khalid
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Waseem Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Patil VM, Anand P, Bhardwaj M, Masand N. Cinnamaldehyde Analogs: Docking Based Optimization, COX-2 Inhibitory In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:154-165. [PMID: 30686258 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125153951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade CADD has emerged as a rational approach in drug development so with the help molecular docking approach we planned to perform virtual screening of the designed data set of Schiff bases of cinnamaldehyde. The research work will be helpful to put some light on the drug receptor interactions required for anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS For carrying out virtual screening of the developed cinnamaldehyde Schiff base data set, AutoDock 4.0 was used. The active hits identified through in silico screening were synthesized. Anti-inflammatory evaluation was carried out using Carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. RESULTS Compounds V2A44, V2A55, V2A76, V2A82, V2A119, V2A141 and V2A142 has shown highest binding energy (-4.84, -4.76, -4.59, -4.78, -4.74, -4.85 and -4.72 kcal/mol, respectively) and the binding interactions with amino acids namely, Phe478, Glu479, Lys492, Ala493, Asp497 and Ile498. Some of the analogs have shown significant activity and were comparable to Indomethacin (standard drug). CONCLUSION Five new compounds have shown significant activity and the results obtained from in silico studies are parallel to those of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Anand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Masand
- Department of Pharmacy, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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de Aragão Tavares E, de Medeiros WMTQ, de Assis Pontes TP, Barbosa MM, de Araújo AA, de Araújo RF, Figueiredo JG, Leitão RC, da Silva Martins C, da Silva FON, de Brito Pontes ACF, de Lima Pontes D, de Medeiros CACX. Chitosan Membrane Modified With a New Zinc(II)-Vanillin Complex Improves Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1511. [PMID: 30670966 PMCID: PMC6331443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of chronic wounds is considered a public health problem. When the condition affects at-risk groups such as those with diabetics, it becomes a great clinical challenge. In this work, we evaluated the healing effects of a new zinc complex, [Zn(phen)(van)2], identified as ZPV, which was synthesized, characterized and associated with chitosan (CS) membranes and tested on cutaneous wounds of diabetic rats. Chitosan membranes were modified by Schiff base reaction with the complex under two experimental conditions (14 and 21 days), resulting in membranes with concentrations of complex equal to 0.736 μmol cm-2 (CS-ZPV1) and 1.22 μmol cm-2 (CS-ZPV2). Release assays in aqueous medium indicated that the membranes release the complex gradually when exposed to an aqueous medium. Diabetes was inducted in Wistar rats using 40 mg/kg (i.v.) streptozotocin. On the 7th day after diabetic induction, a circular excision on the skin (1.0 cm) was performed with a punch. The lesions were treated with the pure chitosan membrane and the membrane associated with the zinc-vanillin complex in two different doses. Skin samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological analyses, cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) quantification and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (TGF-β and VEGF) assays. The analyses showed a decrease in wound size, reepithelialization, angiogenic stimulus, collagen deposition, and reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β as well as increased IL-10 and gene expression of TGF-β and VEGF. The evaluated parameters suggest that CS-ZPV in the two concentrations tested may be effective in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maisie Mitchele Barbosa
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology RENORBIO, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post Graduation Program Public Health/Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo
- Post Graduation Program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post Graduation Program Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Carvalho Leitão
- Post Graduation Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Post Graduation Program of Morphological Science, Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
- Post Graduation Program in Biological Sciences/Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology RENORBIO, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most efficient ways to treat cancer. However, deleterious effects, such as acute and chronic toxicities that reduce the quality of life, may result. Naturally occurring compounds have been shown to be non-toxic over wide dose ranges and are inexpensive and effective. Additionally, pharmacological strategies have been developed that use radioprotectors to inhibit radiation-induced toxicities. Currently available radioprotectors have several limitations, including toxicity. In this review, we present the mechanisms of proven radioprotectors, ranging from free radical scavenging (the best-known mechanism of radioprotection) to molecular-based radioprotection (e.g., upregulating expression of heat shock proteins). Finally, we discuss naturally occurring compounds with radioprotective properties in the context of these mechanisms.
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Supercritical CO2 extraction of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol from cinnamon bark: Optimization of operating conditions via response surface methodology. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim J, Kim EA, Fernando IPS, Heo SJ, Lee SH. 3-Chloro-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating expression of adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK activation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:27-31. [PMID: 29630878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health issue in many industrialized countries. It is a medical condition with excessive levels of fat accumulated in adipocytes. The objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of 3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (CDB) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. CDB suppressed the differentiation and decreased lipid accumulation and triglycerides contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Its suppression effect on fat accumulation was mediated via expression of adipogenesis factors (C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and adiponectin) during adipocyte differentiation in white adipocyte cells. CDB's ability to suppress fat accumulation was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibited fatty acid synthesis related proteins including FAS, FABP4, leptin, and perilipin. It also increased expression of phosphorylated AMPK in adipocytes cells. These observations suggest that CDB has potential anti-obesity effect with ability to improve metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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de Medeiros WMTQ, de Medeiros MJC, Carvalho EM, de Lima JA, da S. Oliveira V, de B. Pontes ACF, da Silva FON, Ellena JA, de O. Rocha HA, de Sousa EHS, de L. Pontes D. A vanillin-based copper(ii) metal complex with a DNA-mediated apoptotic activity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16873-16886. [PMID: 35540529 PMCID: PMC9080323 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proposed catalytic cycle for ROS production in the vicinity of DNA after reduction of [Cu(phen)(van)2] by glutathion.
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trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Microglial Activation and Improves Neuronal Survival against Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells with Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4730878. [PMID: 29234401 PMCID: PMC5671715 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4730878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Microglial activation contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It has been suggested that neurodegenerative disorders may be improved if neuroinflammation can be controlled. trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia possesses potent anti-inflammatory capability; we thus tested whether TCA presents neuroprotective effects on improving neuronal survival by inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. Results To determine the molecular mechanism behind TCA-mediated neuroprotective effects, we assessed the effects of TCA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. While LPS potently induced the production and expression upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, including NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α, TCA pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and expression of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-1β and recovered the morphological changes in BV2 cells. TCA markedly attenuated microglial activation and neuroinflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. With the aid of microglia and neuron coculture system, we showed that TCA greatly reduced LPS-elicited neuronal death and exerted neuroprotective effects. Conclusions Our results suggest that TCA, a natural product, has the potential of being used as a therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation for ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Kiran K, Ashok D, Rao BA, Sarasija M, Rao AS. Synthesis, characterisation, and antibacterial activity of some novel vanillin related hydrazone derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole ring. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Overview of the Role of Vanillin on Redox Status and Cancer Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9734816. [PMID: 28077989 PMCID: PMC5204113 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9734816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive natural products play critical roles in modern drug development, especially anticancer agents. It has been widely reported that various pharmacological activities of such compounds are related to their antioxidant properties. Vanillin is a natural substance widely found in many plant species and often used in beverages, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. Antioxidant and anticancer potential have been described for this compound. Considering the importance of vanillin in the area of human health and food and pharmaceuticals sectors, in this review, we discuss the role of vanillin on redox status and its potential contribution to the prevention and the treatment of cancer.
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Ben Saad H, Driss D, Ben Amara I, Boudawara O, Boudawara T, Ellouz Chaabouni S, Mounir Zeghal K, Hakim A. Altered hepatic mRNA expression of immune response-associated DNA damage in mice liver induced by potassium bromate: Protective role of vanillin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1796-1807. [PMID: 26296324 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to potassium bromate (KBrO3 ), a toxic halogen existing widely in the environment, environment through contaminated drinking water, has become a global problem of public health. The present study investigates the protective role of vanillin against KBrO3 induced oxidative stress, distruption in inflammatory cytokines expression, DNA damage, and histopathological changes. Adult mice were exposed orally to KBrO3 (2g/L of drinking water) for 2 weeks The co-administration of vanillin to the KBrO3 -treated mice significantly prevented the plasma transaminases increase in. Furthermore, it inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and protein carbonyl (PCO) formation and attenuated the KBrO3 -mediated depletion of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione level in the liver. In addition, vanillin markedly attenuated the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and COX2 and prevented KBrO3 -induced hepatic cell alteration and necrosis, as indicated by histopathological data. DNA damage, as assessed by the alkaline comet assay, was also found to be low in the co-treated group. Thus, these findings show that vanillin acts as potent chemopreventive agent against KBrO3 -mediated liver oxidative stress and genotoxicity through its antioxidant properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1796-1807, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, UR/12 ES-13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Driss
- Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University Tunisia, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ons Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ellouz Chaabouni
- Enzymes and Bioconversions Laboratory, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Mounir Zeghal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, UR/12 ES-13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, UR/12 ES-13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
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Motiram Kakalij R, Tejaswini G, Patil MA, Dinesh Kumar B, Diwan PV. Vanillic Acid Ameliorates Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin Induced Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in BALB/c Mice. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:171-9. [PMID: 27130149 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Vanillic acid (VA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative widely used as a flavoring agent. It has chemopreventive effects on experimentally-induced carcinogenesis and in ulcerative colitis. The object of the present study was to investigate the effects of VA, alone and in combination with methylprednisolone (MP), on cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA induced immune-complex glomerulonephritis in female BALB/c mice. Pre-immunization was carried out with cBSA in BALB/c mice and repeated (cBSA, 13 mg/kg, 3 times/week, i.v.) for 6 weeks to induce glomerulonephritis which was confirmed by the presence of severe proteinuria. The effect of VA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and its combination with MP (12.5 mg/kg, p.o.) was assessed in the nephrotic disease model. Treatment with VA decreased inflammatory nephrotic injury as evidenced by decreased proteinuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum IgG1 and TNF-α levels. Co-administration of VA with MP showed an improvement in the immunohistochemistry of glomerular nephrin and podocin. The present results indicate that VA has a nephroprotective effect in the management of autoimmune nephritis. Drug Dev Res 77 : 171-179, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Motiram Kakalij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 088, India
| | - G Tejaswini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 088, India
| | - Madhoosudan A Patil
- National Institute of Nutrition, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 007, India
| | - B Dinesh Kumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 007, India
| | - Prakash V Diwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 088, India.,Maratha Mandal Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka State, 590010, India
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Hong SH, Ismail IA, Kang SM, Han DC, Kwon BM. Cinnamaldehydes in Cancer Chemotherapy. Phytother Res 2016; 30:754-67. [PMID: 26890810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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Dalmolin LF, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM. Delivery of vanillin by poly(lactic-acid) nanoparticles: Development, characterization and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:1-8. [PMID: 26952391 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles containing vanillin were prepared using an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique and were characterized and assessed for their in vitro antioxidant potential. Physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and stability. Solid state and thermal properties were assessed using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, while in vitro drug release profile was also evaluated. Results showed PLA nanoparticles having a characteristic amorphous structure, sizes in the range of 240 nm with high homogeneity in size distribution, zeta potential of -22 mV and vanillin encapsulation efficiency of 41%. In vitro release study showed a slow and sustained release of vanillin governed by diffusion. Nanoparticles were stable over a period of three months. Antioxidant ability of the vanillin-loaded PLA nanoparticles in scavenging the radical 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was inferior to free vanillin and due to its prolonged release showed a profile that was both time and concentration dependent, while free vanillin showed concentration-dependent activity. The study concluded that PLA nanoparticles are potential carriers for vanillin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Facco Dalmolin
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá 03, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
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Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Pichardo S, Maisanaba S, Puerto M, Prieto AI, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Jos A, Cameán AM. In vitro toxicological evaluation of essential oils and their main compounds used in active food packaging: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:9-27. [PMID: 25865936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their main constituent compounds have been extensively investigated due to their application in the food industry for improving the shelf life of perishable products. Although they are still not available for use in food packaging in the market in Europe, considerable research in this field has been carried out recently. The safety of these EOs should be guaranteed before being commercialized. The aim of this work was to review the scientific publications, with a primary focus on the last 10 years, with respect to different in vitro toxicological aspects, mainly focussed on mutagenicity/genotoxicity. In general, fewer genotoxic studies have been reported on EOs in comparison to their main components, and most of them did not show mutagenic activity. However, more studies are needed in this field since the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority have not always been followed accurately. The mutagenic/genotoxic activities of these substances have been related to metabolic activation. Therefore, in vivo tests are required to confirm the absence of genotoxic effects. Considering the great variability of the EOs and their main compounds, a case-by-case evaluation is needed to assure their safe use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Silvia Pichardo
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n°2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Cui Y, Liang G, Hu YH, Shi Y, Cai YX, Gao HJ, Chen QX, Wang Q. Alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde as tyrosinase inhibitors: inhibitory mechanism and molecular analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:716-722. [PMID: 25547255 DOI: 10.1021/jf505469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde (alpha-bromocinnamaldehyde, alpha-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde) were used as inhibitors on mushroom tyrosinase. The result showed that three compounds can reduce both monophenolase and diphenolase activity on tyrosinase, and the inhibition was reversible. The IC50 values of alpha-bromocinnamaldehyde, alpha-chlorocinnamaldehyde, and alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde were 0.075, 0.140, and 0.440 mM on monophenolase and 0.049, 0.110, and 0.450 mM on diphenolase, respectively. The inhibition types and constants on diphenolase for these inhibitors were further studied. The molecular inhibition mechanisms of tyrosinase by the derivatives were investigated by UV-scanning study, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking. These assays demonstrated that the derivatives could decrease the formation of o-quinones, and all derivatives were static quenchers of mushroom tyrosinase. Docking results implied that they could not form metal interactions with the copper ions of the enzyme, whereas they could interact with the amino acid residues of active site center. This research on alpha-substituted derivatives of cinnamaldehyde as tyrosinase inhibitors would lead to advances in the field of antityrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, China
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Antitumor phenylpropanoids found in essential oils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:392674. [PMID: 25949996 PMCID: PMC4408748 DOI: 10.1155/2015/392674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new bioactive substances with anticancer activity and the understanding of their mechanisms of action are high-priorities in the research effort toward more effective treatments for cancer. The phenylpropanoids are natural products found in many aromatic and medicinal plants, food, and essential oils. They exhibit various pharmacological activities and have applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the anticancer potential of 17 phenylpropanoids and derivatives from essential oils is discussed. Chemical structures, experimental report, and mechanisms of action of bioactive substances are presented.
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Yoshida EH, Ferraz MC, Tribuiani N, Silva Tavares RVD, Cogo JC, dos Santos MG, Franco LM, Dal-Belo CA, De Grandis RA, Resende FA, Varanda EA, Puebla P, San-Feliciano A, Groppo FC, Oshima-Franco Y. Evaluation of the Safety of Three Phenolic Compounds from <i>Dipteryx alata</i> Vogel with Antiophidian Potential. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.61001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sindhu G, Nishanthi E, Sharmila R. Nephroprotective effect of vanillic acid against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats: a biochemical and molecular study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:392-404. [PMID: 25561092 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the extensively used anticancer drugs against various cancers. Dosage dependent nephrotoxicity is the major problem in cisplatin chemotherapy. Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity results in the depletion of renal antioxidant defence system. Our present study is aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of vanilic acid to against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in male wistar rats. Elevated levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid and reduced antioxidant status were observed as indicatives of nephrotoxicity in cisplatin (7mg/kg bw) alone administered rats. Animals which are pre-treated with vanillic acid (50mg/kg and 100mg/kg) restored the elevated levels of renal function markers and reduced antioxidant status to near normalcy when compared to cisplatin alone treated animals. Cisplatin induced lipid peroxidation was markedly reduced by oral administration of vanillic acid at a high dose. The findings in the present study suggest that vanillic acid is a potential antioxidant that reduce cisplatin nephrotoxicity and can be as a combinatorial regimen in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sindhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India.
| | - Emayavaramban Nishanthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
| | - Ramalingam Sharmila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
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Lin LT, Wu SJ, Lin CC. The Anticancer Properties and Apoptosis-inducing Mechanisms of Cinnamaldehyde and the Herbal Prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang ( Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang) in Human Hepatoma Cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:227-33. [PMID: 24716182 PMCID: PMC3924998 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has long been one of the most important causes of cancer mortality in the world. Many natural products and traditional herbal medicines have been used to treat HCC in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China. The present review aims to describe the anticancer properties and apoptotic mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive ingredient isolated from cinnamon trees, and the herbal prescription Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (黃連解毒湯 Huáng Lián Jiě Dú Tang; HLJDT) against human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Implication of their treatment for the development of targeted therapy against HCC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chang CT, Chang WL, Hsu JC, Shih Y, Chou ST. Chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2013; 54:10. [PMID: 28510850 PMCID: PMC5432840 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-54-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils extracted from aromatic plants exhibit important biological activities and have become increasingly important for scientific research. The essential oil extracted from Cinnamomum cassia Presl (CC-EO) has various functional properties, however, little information is available regarding the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the CC-EO. RESULTS cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid (43.06%) and cinnamaldehyde (42.37%) were found to be the two major components of the CC-EO identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The inhibitory activities of CC-EO and its major constituents were further evaluated against mushroom tyrosinase. The results showed that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde exhibited anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50 values of 6.16 ± 0.04 mg/mL and 4.04 ± 0.08 mg/mL, respectively. However, cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid did not show any anti-tyrosinase activity. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots and second replots, which revealed that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde were mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition constants (Ki) for CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde were calculated to be 4.71 ± 0.09 mg/mL and 2.38 ± 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that CC-EO and its major component, cinnamaldehyde, possess potent anti-tyrosinase activities and may be a good source for skin-whitening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tien Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Lun Chang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Cherng Hsu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Master Program of Cosmetic science, HungKuang University, 34 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung, 44302 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying Shih
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200 Chung-Chi Road, Shalu, Taichung, 43301 Taiwan, R.O.C
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Yu C, Liu SL, Qi MH, Zou X. Cinnamaldehyde/chemotherapeutic agents interaction and drug-metabolizing genes in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:669-76. [PMID: 24276478 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is an active monomer isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, a traditional oriental medicinal herb, which is known to possess marked antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential advantages of using cinnamaldehyde in combination with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) therapy, as well as to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on chemotherapeutic-associated gene expression. The synergistic interaction of cinnamaldehyde and chemotherapeutic agents on human CRC HT-29 and LoVo cells was evaluated using the combination index (CI) method. The double staining with Annexin V conjugated to fluorescein-isothiocyanate and phosphatidylserine was employed for apoptosis detection. The expression of drug-metabolizing genes, including excision repair cross‑complementing 1 (ERCC1), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), thymidylate synthase (TS), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and topoisomerase 1 (TOPO1), all in HT-29 and LoVo cells, with or without the addition of cinnamaldehyde, was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cinnamaldehyde had a synergistic effect on the chemotherapeutic agents cytotoxicity in HT-29 and LoVo cells. In addition, cinnamaldehyde suppressed BRCA1, TOPO1, ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression, except for OPRT expression, which was markedly upregulated. Our findings indicate that cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drug‑metabolizing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Senior Expert Consultation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hao Qi
- National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Erdem MG, Cinkilic N, Vatan O, Yilmaz D, Bagdas D, Bilaloglu R. Genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of vanillic acid against mitomycin C-induced genomic damage in human lymphocytes in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4993-8. [PMID: 23244097 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillic acid, a vegetable phenolic compound, is a strong antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to determine its effects on mitomycin C-induced DNA damage in human blood lymphocyte cultures in vitro, both alone and in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). The cytokinesis block micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay were used to determine genotoxic damage and anti-genotoxic effects of vanillic acid at the DNA and chromosome levels. MMC induced genotoxicity at a dose of 0.25 μg/ml. Vanillic acid (1 μg/ml) significantly reduced both the rates of DNA damaged cells and the frequency of micronucleated cells. A high dose of vanillic acid (2 μg/ml) itself had genotoxic effects on DNA. In addition, both test systems showed similar results when tested with the negative control, consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in combination with vanillic acid (1 μg/ml) +MMC. In conclusion, vanillic acid could prevent oxidative damage to DNA and chromosomes when used at an appropriately low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Guler Erdem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Cell Culture and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Bursa, Turkey
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Yu J, Han JC, Hua LM, Gao YJ. In vitro characterization of glucuronidation of vanillin: identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and species differences. Phytother Res 2012. [PMID: 23184728 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin is a food flavoring agent widely utilized in foods, beverages, drugs, and perfumes and has been demonstrated to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities. Given the importance of glucuronidation in the metabolism of vanillin, the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase conjugation pathway of vanillin was investigated in this study. Vanillin glucuronide was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by β-glucuronidase. The kinetic study showed that vanillin glucuronidation by HLMs and HIMs followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the kinetic parameters were as follows: 134.9 ± 13.5 μM and 81.3 ± 11.3 μM for K(m) of HLMs and HIMs, 63.8 ± 2.0 nmol/min/mg pro and 13.4 ±2.0 nmol/min/mg pro for Vmax of HLMs and HIMs. All UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms except UGT1A4, 1A9, and 2B7 showed the capability to glucuronidate vanillin, and UGT1A6 exerted the higher V(max)/K(m) values than other UGT isoforms for the glucuronidation of vanillin when assuming expression of isoforms is similar in recombinant UGTs. Kinetic analysis using liver microsomes from six studied speices indicated that vanillin had highest affinity for the monkey liver microsomes enzyme (K(m) = 25.6 ± 3.2 μM) and the lowest affinity for the mice liver microsomes enzyme (K(m) = 149.1 ± 18.4 μM), and intrinsic clearance was in the following order: monkey > dog > minipig > mice > rat ~ human. These data collectively provided important information for understanding glucuronidation of vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, No. 156, Wansui Street, Dalian, China.
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Lee SS, Monnappa AK, Mitchell RJ. Biological activities of lignin hydrolysate-related compounds. BMB Rep 2012; 45:265-74. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.5.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S. Antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants from Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Baseri H, Haghighi-Asl A, Lotfollahi MN. Effects of Operating Parameters on the Cinnamaldehyde Content of Extracted Essential Oil Using Various Methods. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Raju H, Chandrappa S, Ramakrishna MK, Nagamani TS, Ananda H, Byregowda SM, Rangappa KS. Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Novel 5-Amino Pyrazole Derivatives on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor [EAT] Cells in-Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2010.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chou TH, Ding HY, Hung WJ, Liang CH. Antioxidative characteristics and inhibition of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis of vanillin and vanillic acid from Origanum vulgare. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:742-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Wang Q, Li SP. 4-Hydroxy-meth-yl-2-methoxy-phenol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2838. [PMID: 21578428 PMCID: PMC2971384 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809043025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(8)H(10)O(3), is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.042 Å) apart from the hydroxyl O atom [deviation = 1.285 (1) Å] and an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O links lead to chains propagating in [001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Zhu YJ, Song KK, Li ZC, Pan ZZ, Guo YJ, Zhou JJ, Wang Q, Liu B, Chen QX. Antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities of trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5518-5523. [PMID: 19462982 DOI: 10.1021/jf9007554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is a key enzyme in pigment biosynthesis of organisms. trans-Cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, a derivative of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, was synthesized as an inhibitor of tyrosinase. The inhibitory effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The results showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone could potently inhibit both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. For monophenolase activity, trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone could not only lengthen the lag time but also decrease the steady-state rate. For diphenolase activity, the IC(50) value was determined to be 5.72 microM. Kinetic analyses showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone was a reversible and mixed type inhibitor on this enzyme. The inhibition constants (K(I) and K(IS)) were determined to be 4.45 and 8.85 muM, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens was investigated. The results showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazone was more effective against B. subtilis and S. aureus with the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 microg/mL and with the same minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 50 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lirdprapamongkol K, Kramb JP, Suthiphongchai T, Surarit R, Srisomsap C, Dannhardt G, Svasti J. Vanillin suppresses metastatic potential of human cancer cells through PI3K inhibition and decreases angiogenesis in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3055-63. [PMID: 19368348 DOI: 10.1021/jf803366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin, a food flavoring agent, has been shown to suppress cancer cell migration and metastasis in a mouse model, but its mechanism of action is unknown. In this report, we have examined the antimetastatic potential of vanillin and its structurally related compounds, vanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, and apocynin on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration of human lung cancer cells by the Transwell assay. Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit cell migration, and both compounds selectively inhibited Akt phosphorylation of HGF signaling, without affecting phosphorylation of Met and Erk. Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit the enzymatic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as revealed by an in vitro lipid kinase assay, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K activity was a mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration, and the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group in the vanillin structure was important for this inhibition. Vanillin and apocynin also inhibited angiogenesis, determined by the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
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Di Sotto A, Chiaretti M, Carru GA, Bellucci S, Mazzanti G. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Lack of mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Toxicol Lett 2009; 184:192-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maurya DK, Adhikari S, Nair CKK, Devasagayam TPA. DNA protective properties of vanillin against γ-radiation under different conditions: Possible mechanisms. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 634:69-80. [PMID: 17644025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is an important genotoxic agent. Protecting against this form of toxicant, especially by a dietary component, has several potential applications. In the present study, we have examined the ability of vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), a naturally occurring food flavouring agent, to inhibit radiation-induced DNA damage measured as strand breaks under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo conditions besides the possible mechanisms behind the observed protection. Our study showed that there was a concentration-dependent inhibition of the disappearance of super-coiled (ccc) form of plasmid pBR322 (in vitro) upon exposure to 50 Gy of gamma-radiation. Presence of 0.5 mM vanillin has a dose-modifying factor (DMF) of 6.75 for 50% inactivation of ccc form. Exposure of human peripheral blood leucocytes (ex vivo) to gamma-radiation causes strand breaks in the cellular DNA, as assessed by comet assay. When leucocytes were exposed to 2 Gy of gamma-radiation there was an increase in parameters of comet assay such as %DNA in tail, tail length, 'tail moment' and 'Olive tail moment'. The presence of 0.5 mM vanillin during irradiation significantly reduced these parameters. Damage to DNA in mouse peripheral blood leucocytes after whole-body exposure of mice (in vivo) to gamma-radiation was studied at 1 and 2 h post-irradiation. There was recovery of DNA damage in terms of the above-mentioned parameters at 2 h post-irradiation. This was more than that observed at 1 h. The recovery was more in vanillin treated mice. Hence our studies showed that vanillin offers protection to DNA against radiation-induced damage possibly imparting a role other than modulation of DNA repair. To examine the possible mechanisms of radioprotection, in terms of radiation-derived radicals, we carried out the reaction of vanillin with ABTS*(+) radical spectrophotometrically besides with DNA peroxyl and carbonyl radicals by using pulse radiolysis. Our present investigations show that vanillin has ability to protect against DNA damage in plasmid pBR322, human and mouse peripheral blood leucocytes and splenic lymphocytes besides enhancing survival in splenic lymphocytes against gamma-radiation, and that the possible mechanism may involve scavenging of radicals generated during radiation, apart from modulation of DNA repair observed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Wu SJ, Ng LT. MAPK inhibitors and pifithrin-alpha block cinnamaldehyde-induced apoptosis in human PLC/PRF/5 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2446-53. [PMID: 17673346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (Cin) has been shown to be effective in inducing apoptotic cell death in a number of human cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pifithrin-alpha (PFTalpha; a specific p53 inhibitor) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors [namely SP600125 (a specific JNK inhibitor), SB203580 (a specific p38 inhibitor) and PD98059 (a specific ERK inhibitor)] on apoptotic signaling transduction mechanism induced by Cin in human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 (CD95-negative) cells. Using XTT assay, Cin exhibited a powerful cytotoxic effect and apoptotic induction in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Apoptosis was elicited when cells were treated with 1 microM Cin as characterized by morphological changes and the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Cin down-regulated the expression of Bcl-(XL), up-regulated mutant p53 and Bax proteins and promoted caspase-3 to active forms, as well as cleaving poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a time-dependent pattern. This could be supported by the activation and phosphorylation of MAPKs, including JNK, ERK and p38 kinases. Pre-incubation with PFTalpha and specific MAPK inhibitors significantly diminished the effect of Cin-induced apoptosis. The activities of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-(XL)) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) proteins were remarkably affected by PFTalpha and PD98059 pre-treatment. PFTalpha effectively blocked PARP cleavage in cells treated with Cin, and also markedly prevented the phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK proteins. These results suggest that p53 induction and MAPK signaling pathways are required for Cin-mediated apoptosis in PLC/PRF/5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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50
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Kim DH, Kim CH, Kim MS, Kim JY, Jung KJ, Chung JH, An WG, Lee JW, Yu BP, Chung HY. Suppression of age-related inflammatory NF-κB activation by cinnamaldehyde. Biogerontology 2007; 8:545-54. [PMID: 17486422 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-007-9098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox sensitive, pro-inflammatory nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a key role in both inflammation and aging processes. In a redox state disrupted by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes are upregulated by the activation of NF-kappaB through diverse kinases. Thus, the search and characterization of new substances that modulate NF-kappaB are of recent research interest. Cinnamaldehyde (CNA) is the major component of cinnamon bark oil, which has been widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs such as beverages and ice cream. In the present study, CNA was examined for its molecular modulation of inflammatory NF-kappaB activation via the redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPK pathways through the reduction of oxidative stress. Results show that age-related NF-kappaB activation upregulated NF-kappaB targeting genes, inflammatory iNOS, and COX-2, all of which were inhibited effectively by CNA. Our study further shows that CNA inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB via three signal transduction pathways, NIK/IKK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. Our results indicate that CNA's antioxidative effect and the restoration of redox balance were responsible for its anti-inflammatory action. Thus, the significance of the current study is the new information revealing the anti-inflammatory properties of CNA and the role it plays in the regulation of age-related alterations in signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjun-dong, Gumjung-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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