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Schmetterer L, Tezel G, Schuman J. Neville Osborne - Editor-in-Chief of Progress in Retinal and Eye Research for 40 years. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101194. [PMID: 37473797 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Joel Schuman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Wang HN, Qian WJ, Zhao GL, Li F, Miao YY, Lei B, Sun XH, Wang ZF. L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels dichotomously contribute to retinal ganglion cell injury in experimental glaucoma. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1570-1577. [PMID: 36571364 PMCID: PMC10075096 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death is the main pathological characteristic of glaucoma, which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis plays an important role in glaucoma. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blockers have been shown to improve vision in patients with glaucoma. However, whether and how voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death are largely unknown. In this study, we found that total Ca2+ current densities in retinal ganglion cells were reduced in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension experimental glaucoma, as determined by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings. Further analysis showed that L-type Ca2+ currents were downregulated while T-type Ca2+ currents were upregulated at the later stage of glaucoma. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that expression of the CaV1.2 subunit of L-type Ca2+ channels was reduced and expression of the CaV3.3 subunit of T-type Ca2+ channels was increased in retinas of the chronic ocular hypertension model. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-α, an important inflammatory factor, inhibited the L-type Ca2+ current of isolated retinal ganglion cells from control rats and enhanced the T-type Ca2+ current. These changes were blocked by the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor XPro1595, indicating that both types of Ca2+ currents may be mediated by soluble tumor necrosis factor-α. The intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway mediate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α. TUNEL assays revealed that mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the number of apoptotic retinal ganglion cells in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. These results suggest that T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, and application of T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, especially a specific CaV3.3 blocker, may be a potential strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dietary Nitrate Intake Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Rotterdam Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122490. [PMID: 35745220 PMCID: PMC9228179 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and in the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, prospective studies investigating the association between dietary nitrate intake, a source of nitric oxide, and incident (i)OAG risk are limited. We aimed to determine the association between dietary nitrate intake and iOAG, and to evaluate the association between dietary nitrate intake and IOP. From 1991 onwards, participants were followed each five years for iOAG in the Rotterdam Study. A total of 173 participants developed iOAG during follow-up. Cases and controls were matched on age (mean ± standard deviation: 65.7 ± 6.9) and sex (%female: 53.2) in a case:control ratio of 1:5. After adjustment for potential confounders, total dietary nitrate intake was associated with a lower iOAG risk (odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91-0.98) for each 10 mg/day higher intake). Both nitrate intake from vegetables (OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.91-0.98) for each 10 mg/day higher intake) and nitrate intake from non-vegetable food sources (OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.41-0.96) for each 10 mg/day higher intake) were associated with a lower iOAG risk. Dietary nitrate intake was not associated with IOP. In conclusion, dietary nitrate intake was associated with a reduced risk of iOAG. IOP-independent mechanisms may underlie the association with OAG.
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Dziedziak J, Kasarełło K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Dietary Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111743. [PMID: 34829613 PMCID: PMC8614766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are ophthalmic neurodegenerative diseases responsible for irreversible vision loss in the world population. Only a few therapies can be used to slow down the progression of these diseases and there are no available treatment strategies for reversing the degeneration of the neural retina. In AMD, the pathological process causes the malfunction and damage of the retinal pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors in the macula. In glaucoma, damage of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons is observed and treatment strategies are limited to intraocular pressure lowering. Therefore, other prophylactic and/or therapeutic methods are needed. Oxidative stress is involved in the neurodegenerative process accompanying both AMD and glaucoma; therefore, the use of antioxidant agents would clearly be beneficial, which is supported by the decreased prevalence and progression of AMD in patients adherent to a diet naturally rich in antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants are easily available and their use is based on the natural route of administration. Many preclinical studies both in vitro and using animal models of retinal degeneration showed the efficacy of dietary antioxidants, which was further proved in clinical trials. Resveratrol is beneficial both in AMD and glaucoma animal models, but confirmed only among AMD patients. For AMD, carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids were also proved to be sufficient in preventing neurodegeneration. For glaucoma, coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid showed efficacy for decreasing retinal ganglion cell loss and inhibiting the accompanying destructive processes. Interestingly, the benefits of vitamins, especially vitamin E was not confirmed, neither in preclinical nor in clinical studies.
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Effects of Lipoic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5093216. [PMID: 34650663 PMCID: PMC8510805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5093216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurred in some pathologies and surgeries. I/R injury not only harmed to physiological functions of corresponding organ and tissue but also induced multiple tissue or organ dysfunctions (even these in distant locations). Although the reperfusion of blood attenuated I/R injury to a certain degree, the risk of secondary damages was difficult to be controlled and it even caused failures of these tissues and organs. Lipoic acid (LA), as an endogenous active substance and a functional agent in food, owns better safety and effects in our body (e.g., enhancing antioxidant activity, improving cognition and dementia, controlling weight, and preventing multiple sclerosis, diabetes complication, and cancer). The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from inception to 20 May 2021. It had showed that endogenous LA was exhausted in the process of I/R, which further aggravated I/R injury. Thus, supplements with LA timely (especially pretreatments) may be the prospective way to prevent I/R injury. Recently, studies had demonstrated that LA supplements significantly attenuated I/R injuries of many organs, though clinic investigations were short at present. Hence, it was urgent to summarize these progresses about the effects of LA on different I/R organs as well as the potential mechanisms, which would enlighten further investigations and prepare for clinic applications in the future.
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Dourado LFN, Silva CN, Dos Anjos LC, Mortari MR, Silva-Cunha A, Fialho SL. Ischemia-induced retinal injury is attenuated by Neurovespina, a peptide from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis. Neuropeptides 2021; 85:102113. [PMID: 33370615 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurovespina is a synthetic peptide modified from Occidentalin-1202, a nine amino acid residue peptide isolated from the venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis. Previous studies showed that this peptide has a neuroprotective effect on the central nervous system, but its action on the eye has not been explored. So, the objective of this work was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Neurovespina on the retina and its angiogenic potential in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Retinal ischemia was induced in rats by acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Electroretinography (ERG) measurements, histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) records were performed to check the neuroprotection effect of Neurovespina in the retina of the animals. The angiogenic activity of the peptide was investigated by CAM assay. The results showed that Neurovespina was able to reduce the effects induced by ischemic injury, preventing the reduction of a- and b-waves in the scotopic ERG. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry assays showed that Neurovespina, mainly at 60 μg/ml, protected all layers of the retina. The CAM assay revealed that the peptide promoted the reduction of CAM vessels. So, Neurovespina was able to protect retinal cells from ischemic insult and has an antiangiogenic effect, which can be considered as a promising neuroprotective agent for intravitreal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lays Fernanda Nunes Dourado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carneiro Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Armando Silva-Cunha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ligório Fialho
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30510-010, Brazil.
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Glaucoma and Antioxidants: Review and Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111031. [PMID: 33105786 PMCID: PMC7690615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Oxidative stress has been related to the cell death in this disease. Theoretically, this deleterious consequence can be reduced by antioxidants substances. The aim of this review is to assemble the studies published in relation to antioxidant supplementation and its effects on glaucoma and to offer the reader an update on this field. With this purpose, we have included studies in animal models of glaucoma and clinical trials. Although there are variable results, supplementation with antioxidants in glaucoma may be a promising therapy in glaucoma.
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Souza Monteiro de Araújo D, De Logu F, Adembri C, Rizzo S, Janal MN, Landini L, Magi A, Mattei G, Cini N, Pandolfo P, Geppetti P, Nassini R, Calaza KDC. TRPA1 mediates damage of the retina induced by ischemia and reperfusion in mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:633. [PMID: 32801314 PMCID: PMC7429961 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in retinal cell injury associated with glaucoma and other retinal diseases. However, the mechanism by which oxidative stress leads to retinal damage is not completely understood. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a redox-sensitive channel that, by amplifying the oxidative stress signal, promotes inflammation and tissue injury. Here, we investigated the role of TRPA1 in retinal damage evoked by ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion (I/R) in mice. In wild-type mice, retinal cell numbers and thickness were reduced at both day-2 and day-7 after I/R. By contrast, mice with genetic deletion of TRPA1 were protected from the damage seen in their wild-type littermates. Daily instillation of eye drops containing two different TRPA1 antagonists, an oxidative stress scavenger, or a NADPH oxidase-1 inhibitor also protected the retinas of C57BL/6J mice exposed to I/R. Mice with genetic deletion of the proinflammatory TRP channels, vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), were not protected from I/R damage. Surprisingly, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 also attenuated the increase in the number of infiltrating macrophages and in the levels of the oxidative stress biomarker, 4-hydroxynonenal, and of the apoptosis biomarker, active caspase-3, evoked by I/R. These findings suggest that TRPA1 mediates the oxidative stress burden and inflammation that result in murine retinal cell death. We also found that TRPA1 (both mRNA and protein) is expressed by human retinal cells. Thus, it is possible that inhibition of a TRPA1-dependent pathway could also attenuate glaucoma-related retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza Monteiro de Araújo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Adembri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Division of Ophthalmology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cini
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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Shi C, Wang P, Airen S, Brown C, Liu Z, Townsend JH, Wang J, Jiang H. Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32582807 PMCID: PMC7310218 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-020-00199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in DR. Common genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), increase Hcy and DR risk and severity. Patients with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins, minerals, and related compounds, which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative stress. Addressing the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the disease. This approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve outcomes. Suboptimal vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factors. Collectively, this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional therapy. Fortunately, there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment plans. We have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and severity. Optimal combinations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), C, D, natural vitamin E complex, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-lipoic acid, and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and choroid. Certain medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for retinopathy. Recommendations based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for DR. DR from both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shriya Airen
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Craig Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Justin H. Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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Sanz-González SM, Raga-Cervera J, Aguirre Lipperheide M, Zanón-Moreno V, Chiner V, Ramírez AI, Pinazo-Durán MD. Effect of an oral supplementation with a formula containing R-lipoic acid in glaucoma patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 95:120-129. [PMID: 31980324 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the safety and effectiveness of the oral administration of a commercialised supplement containing R-alpha lipoic acid, taurine, vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, copper and docosahexaenoic acid, in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and in control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study of cases and controls was carried out, including 30 participants of both genders that were divided into: POAG Group (n=15) and a control group (CG; n=15), assigned to the oral intake of NuaDHA preparations Vision® (1 pill/day)+NuaDHA 1000 (2 pills/day) for 6 months. Participants were interviewed, ophthalmologically examined, and peripheral blood was taken for routine analysis and the determination of the pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde) and total antioxidant status. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS After 6 months of supplementation, there was a significant increase in the plasma total antioxidant status (1.073±0.090mM vs 1.276±0.107mM, P=.028), along with a parallel decrease in malondialdehyde (7.066±1.070μM vs 2.771±0.462μM, P=.005) in the POAG group. The malondialdehyde also decreased in the control group (6.17±1.336 vs. 2.51±0.391, P=.028). The Schirmer test improved (20-30%) and the subjective dry eye signs/symptoms noticeably decreased in the POAG group versus the CG. CONCLUSIONS Formulations containing antioxidant vitamins, R-alpha lipoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, administered for 6 consecutive months, counteracted the oxidative stress by further stabilising the morphological/functional parameters of both the ocular surface and the glaucoma, without presenting with adverse effects or intolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sanz-González
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía/FISABIO y Grupo de Investigación de la Universidad de Valencia en Oftalmo-biología Celular y Molecular, Valencia, España; Red de Oftalmología de la RETICS: RD16-0008: «Prevención, detección precoz, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las patologías oculares», Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - J Raga-Cervera
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía/FISABIO y Grupo de Investigación de la Universidad de Valencia en Oftalmo-biología Celular y Molecular, Valencia, España; Departamento de Oftalmología,Hospital de Manises, Manises, Valencia, España
| | | | - V Zanón-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía/FISABIO y Grupo de Investigación de la Universidad de Valencia en Oftalmo-biología Celular y Molecular, Valencia, España; Red de Oftalmología de la RETICS: RD16-0008: «Prevención, detección precoz, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las patologías oculares», Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Área de Salud, Valencia, España; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - V Chiner
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia, España
| | - A I Ramírez
- Red de Oftalmología de la RETICS: RD16-0008: «Prevención, detección precoz, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las patologías oculares», Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - M D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolía/FISABIO y Grupo de Investigación de la Universidad de Valencia en Oftalmo-biología Celular y Molecular, Valencia, España; Red de Oftalmología de la RETICS: RD16-0008: «Prevención, detección precoz, tratamiento y rehabilitación de las patologías oculares», Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.
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11
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Inducible rodent models of glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100799. [PMID: 31557521 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. In order to further understand the molecular pathobiology of this disease and to develop better therapies, clinically relevant animal models are necessary. In recent years, both the rat and mouse have become popular models in glaucoma research. Key reasons are: many important biological similarities shared among rodent eyes and the human eye; development of improved methods to induce glaucoma and to evaluate glaucomatous damage; availability of genetic tools in the mouse; as well as the relatively low cost of rodent studies. Commonly studied rat and mouse glaucoma models include intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent and pressure-independent models. The pressure-dependent models address the most important risk factor of elevated IOP, whereas the pressure-independent models assess "normal tension" glaucoma and other "non-IOP" related factors associated with glaucomatous damage. The current article provides descriptions of these models, their characterizations, specific techniques to induce glaucoma, mechanisms of injury, advantages, and limitations.
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Liu XF, Zhou DD, Xie T, Hao JL, Malik TH, Lu CB, Qi J, Pant OP, Lu CW. The Nrf2 Signaling in Retinal Ganglion Cells under Oxidative Stress in Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1090-1098. [PMID: 29989056 PMCID: PMC6036726 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are one of the important cell types affected in many ocular neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in retinal RGCs death in ocular neurodegenerative diseases. More and more attention has been focused on studying the agents that may have neuroprotective effects. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key nuclear transcription factor for the systemic antioxidant defense system. This review elucidates the underlying mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated neuroprotective effects on RGCs in ocular neurodegenerative diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several Nrf2 inducers that shield RGCs from oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration via regulating Nrf2 signaling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of . Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tayyab Hamid Malik
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Om Prakash Pant
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Lee JY, Oh SJ. Functional Analysis and Immunochemical Analyses of Ca 2+ Homeostasis-Related Proteins Expression of Glaucoma-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29535566 PMCID: PMC5840458 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal degeneration resulting from elevated intraocular pressure was evaluated through functional and morphological analyses, for better understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Ocular hypertension was induced via unilateral episcleral venous cauterization in rats. Experimental time was set at 1 and 3 days, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-operation. Retinal function was analyzed using electroretinography. For morphological analysis, retinal tissues were processed for immunochemistry by using antibodies against the calcium-sensing receptor and calcium-binding proteins. Apoptosis was analyzed using the TUNEL method and electron microscopy. Amplitudes of a- and b-wave in scotopic and photopic responses were found to be reduced in all glaucomatous retinas. Photopic negative response for ganglion cell function significantly reduced from 1-day and more significantly reduced in 2-week glaucoma. Calcium-sensing receptor immunoreactivity in ganglion cells remarkably reduced at 8 weeks; conversely, protein amounts increased significantly. Calcium-binding proteins immunoreactivity in amacrine cells clearly reduced at 8 weeks, despite of uneven changes in protein amounts. Apoptosis appeared in both photoreceptors and ganglion cells in 8-week glaucomatous retina. Apoptotic feature of photoreceptors was typical, whereas that of ganglion cells was necrotic in nature. These findings suggest that elevated intraocular pressure affects the sensitivity of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, and leads to apoptotic death. The calcium-sensing receptor may be a useful detector for alteration of extracellular calcium levels surrounding the ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Su-Ja Oh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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14
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Hashem HE, Abd El-Haleem MR, Amer MG, Bor’i A. Pomegranate protective effect on experimental ischemia/reperfusion retinal injury in rats (histological and biochemical study). Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:346-357. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1346737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala E. Hashem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal R. Abd El-Haleem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona G. Amer
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Bor’i
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Nutrition for diabetic retinopathy: plummeting the inevitable threat of diabetic vision loss. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:2013-2027. [PMID: 28258307 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among the leading causes of preventable blindness. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and anemia majorly predispose its pathogenesis. The current treatment modalities of DR include laser photocoagulation therapy, intravitreal corticosteroids, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and vitreo-retinal surgery which are costly, highly invasive, unproven for prolonged use and opted in advanced stages of DR. By then retina already encounters a vast damage. Nutrients by their natural physiological, biochemical and molecular action can preserve retinal structure and functions by interfering with the various pathological steps prompting DR incidence, thereby altering the risk of developing this ocular morbidity. Nutrients can also play a central role in DR patients resistant towards the conventional medical treatments. However due to the byzantine interplay existing between nutrients and DR, the worth of nutrition in curbing this vision-threatening ocular morbidity remains silent. This review highlights how nutrients can halt DR development. A nutritional therapy, if adopted in the initial stages, can provide superior-efficacy over the current treatment modalities and can be a complementary, inexpensive, readily available, anodyne option to the clinically unmet requirement for preventing DR. Assessment of nutritional status is presently considered relevant in various clinical conditions except DR. Body Mass Index (BMI) conferred inconclusive results in DR subjects. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) of nutritional status has recently furnished relevant association with DR status. By integrating nutritional strategies, the risk of developing DR can be reduced substantially. This review summarizes the subsisting knowledge on nutrition, potentially beneficial for preventing DR and sustaining good vision among diabetic subjects.
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Wang Y, Wang W, Liu J, Huang X, Liu R, Xia H, Brecha NC, Pu M, Gao J. Protective Effect of ALA in Crushed Optic Nerve Cat Retinal Ganglion Cells Using a New Marker RBPMS. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160309. [PMID: 27504635 PMCID: PMC4978478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we first sought to determine whether RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) can serve as a specific marker for cat retina ganglion cells (RGCs) using retrograde labeling and immunohistochemistry staining. RBPM was then used as an RGC marker to study RGC survival after optic nerve crush (ONC) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) treatment in cats. ALA treatment yielded a peak density of RBPMS-alpha cells within the peak isodensity zone (>60/mm2) which did not differ from ONC retinas. The area within the zone was significantly enlarged (control: 2.3%, ONC: 0.06%, ONC+ALA: 0.1%). As for the 10-21/mm2 zone, ALA treatment resulted in a significant increase in area (control: 34.5%, ONC: 12.1%, ONC+ALA: 35.9%). ALA can alleviate crush-induced RGC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jessica Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huika Xia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- UCLA College of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mingliang Pu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory on Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Visual Impairment and Restoration (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Hartsock MJ, Cho H, Wu L, Chen WJ, Gong J, Duh EJ. A Mouse Model of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Elevation of Intraocular Pressure. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27501124 DOI: 10.3791/54065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathophysiological process contributing to cellular damage in multiple ocular conditions, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular occlusions. Rodent models of I/R injury are providing significant insights into mechanisms and treatment strategies for human I/R injury, especially with regard to neurodegenerative damage in the retinal neurovascular unit. Presented here is a protocol for inducing retinal I/R injury in mice through elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). In this protocol, the ocular anterior chamber is cannulated with a needle, through which flows the drip of an elevated saline reservoir. Using this drip to raise IOP above systolic arterial blood pressure, a practitioner temporarily halts inner retinal blood flow (ischemia). When circulation is reinstated (reperfusion) by removal of the cannula, severe cellular damage ensues, resulting ultimately in retinal neurodegeneration. Recent studies demonstrate inflammation, vascular permeability, and capillary degeneration as additional elements of this model. Compared to alternative retinal I/R methodologies, such as retinal arterial ligation, retinal I/R injury by elevated IOP offers advantages in its anatomical specificity, experimental tractability, and technical accessibility, presenting itself as a valuable tool for examining neuronal pathogenesis and therapy in the retinal neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hartsock
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Hongkwan Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Wan-Ju Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Junsong Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Elia J Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University;
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Baguisi A, Casale RA, Kates SA, Lader AS, Stewart K, Beeuwkes R. CMX-2043 Efficacy in a Rat Model of Cardiac Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 21:563-569. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416640118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to offer protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in multiple organ systems. N-[(R)-1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl]-L-glutamyl-L-alanine (CMX-2043), a novel analogue of LA, was studied as part of a preclinical development program intended to identify safe and efficacious drug candidates for prevention or reduction in myocardial IRI. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of CMX-2043 in an animal model of myocardial IRI and to establish effective dosing conditions. CMX-2043 or placebo was administered at different doses, routes, and times in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to 30-minute left coronary artery ligation. Fluorescent microsphere injection defined the area at risk (AR). Animals were euthanized 24 hours after reperfusion, and the hearts were excised, sectioned, and stained with triphenyltetrazolium. Cytoprotective effectiveness was determined by comparing the unstained myocardial infarction zone (MI) to the ischemic AR. The reduction in the MI–AR ratio was used as the primary measure of drug efficacy relative to placebo injections. Treatment with CMX-2043 reduced myocardial IRI as measured by the MI–AR ratio and the incidence of arrhythmia. The compound was effective when administered by injection, both before and during the ischemic injury and at reperfusion. The most efficacious dose was that administered 15 minutes prior to the ischemic event and resulted in a 36% ( P < .001) reduction in MI–AR ratio compared to vehicle control.
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19
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Real-time quantification of oxidative stress and the protective effect of nitroxide antioxidants. Neurochem Int 2016; 92:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in human plasma and erythrocytes by RP-HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25323519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high performance liquid-chromatography/electrochemical detection method for simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in biological matrices is presented. The two analytes are extracted from samples with acetonitrile-10% m-phosphoric acid solution(aqueous) (50:50 v/v). To determine the total lipoic acid, samples are treated with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine solution in phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid prior to deproteination. The two analytes are separated on a C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column using acetonitrile-50 mM phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid (35:65 v/v) as the isocratic mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min at the column oven temperature of 35 °C. The column eluents are monitored at a potential of 0.9 V. These analytes are efficiently resolved in <7 min.
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21
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Schmidl D, Garhöfer G, Schmetterer L. Nutritional supplements in age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:105-21. [PMID: 25586104 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most frequent cause of blindness in the Western World. While with new therapies that are directed towards vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potentially efficient treatment option for the wet form of the disease has been introduced, a therapeutic regimen for dry AMD is still lacking. There is evidence from several studies that oral intake of supplements is beneficial in preventing progression of the disease. Several formulations of micronutrients are currently available. The present review focuses on the role of supplements in the treatment and prevention of AMD and sums up the current knowledge about the most frequently used micronutrients. In addition, regulatory issues are discussed, and future directions for the role of supplementation in AMD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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22
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Zhang J, Deng H, Liu L, Liu X, Zuo X, Xu Q, Wu Z, Peng X, Ji A. α-Lipoic acid protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through suppression of apoptosis and autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:180-6. [PMID: 25684163 PMCID: PMC4438966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid (ALA) is known as a powerful antioxidant, which has been reported to have protective effects against various cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine whether ALA pre- or post-treatment induced protective effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In order to simulate the conditions of hypoxia/reoxygenation, HUVECs were subjected to 4 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 12 h of reoxygenation. For the pre-treatment, ALA was added to the buffer 12 h prior to OGD, whereas for the post-treatment, ALA was added at the initiation of reoxygenation. The results demonstrated that ALA pre- or post-treatment significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced through hypoxia/reoxygenation in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner; of note, 1 mM ALA pre- or post-treatment exhibited the most potent protective effects. In addition, ALA significantly reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 in HUVECs. In the presence of the specific autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the formation of autophagosomes, cytosolic microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 ratio and beclin1 levels significantly increased following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury; however, all of these effects were ameliorated following pre- or post-treatment with ALA. The results of the present study suggested that ALA may provide beneficial protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via attenuation of apoptosis and autophagy in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Houliang Deng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xialin Zuo
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhuomin Wu
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Ji
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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DENG HOULIANG, ZUO XIALIN, ZHANG JINGJING, LIU XIAOXIA, LIU LI, XU QIAN, WU ZHUOMIN, JI AIMIN. α-lipoic acid protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3659-65. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Dynamic, in vivo, real-time detection of retinal oxidative status in a model of elevated intraocular pressure using a novel, reversibly responsive, profluorescent nitroxide probe. Exp Eye Res 2014; 129:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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El-Beshbishy HA, Mariah RA, Al-Azhary NM, Aly HAA, Ozbak HA, Baghdadi HH. Influence of lipoic acid on testicular toxicity induced by bi-n-butyl phthalate in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:26-32. [PMID: 24912129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bi-n-butyl phthalate (BNBP) is an environmental pollutant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of lipoic acid (LA) against testicular dysfunction associated with the intake of to BNBP- intoxicated rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each, and received medication orally for 14 days. Group I rats received 0.5 ml corn oil. Group II rats received LA (20 mg/kg B.W./day). Group III rats received BNBP (250 mg/kg B.W./day). Group IV rats received LA 24h prior to BNBP intake. Testes weight, cauda sperm count and sperm motility were decreased significantly by 18.15%, 13.83% and 13.5%, respectively, after BNBP treatment. Significant increase by 12.1%, 10.20% and 11.51%, respectively, was observed in LA-BNBP rats. Significant increase by 1.53%, 1.5% and 1.8%, for serum follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and total antioxidant status, respectively, were observed in LA-BNBP rats. Testicular lipid peroxides and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme were significantly decreased by 1.5 and 1.6 folds, respectively, in LA-BNBP rats were decreased after BNBP treatment. Testicular superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase enzymes were significantly increased in LA-BNBP rats. LA-BNBP rats, decreased the damage to seminiferous tubules produced by BNBP intake. In conclusion, LA mitigated BNBP-induced testicular toxicity through antioxidant mechanism and by direct free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt.
| | - Reham A Mariah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Nevin M Al-Azhary
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A A Aly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt; Pharmacology &Toxicology Department, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Ozbak
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam H Baghdadi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Nebbioso M, Pranno F, Pescosolido N. Lipoic acid in animal models and clinical use in diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1829-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.813483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Inman DM, Lambert WS, Calkins DJ, Horner PJ. α-Lipoic acid antioxidant treatment limits glaucoma-related retinal ganglion cell death and dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65389. [PMID: 23755225 PMCID: PMC3673940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. However, due to the lack of clinically relevant models and expense of long-term testing, few studies have modeled antioxidant therapy for prevention of neurodegeneration. We investigated the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, we observed lipid peroxidation and upregulation of oxidative stress-related mRNA and protein in DBA/2J retina. To test the role of oxidative stress in disease progression, we chose to deliver the naturally occurring, antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) to DBA/2J mice in their diet. We used two paradigms for ALA delivery: an intervention paradigm in which DBA/2J mice at 6 months of age received ALA in order to intervene in glaucoma development, and a prevention paradigm in which DBA/2J mice were raised on a diet supplemented with ALA, with the goal of preventing glaucoma development. At 10 and 12 months of age (after 4 and 11 months of dietary ALA respectively), we measured changes in genes and proteins related to oxidative stress, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number, axon transport, and axon number and integrity. Both ALA treatment paradigms showed increased antioxidant gene and protein expression, increased protection of RGCs and improved retrograde transport compared to control. Measures of lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosylation, and DNA oxidation in retina verified decreased oxidative stress in the prevention and intervention paradigms. These data demonstrate the utility of dietary therapy for reducing oxidative stress and improving RGC survival in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Inman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
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28
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Koriyama Y, Nakayama Y, Matsugo S, Kato S. Protective effect of lipoic acid against oxidative stress is mediated by Keap1/Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction in the RGC-5 cellline. Brain Res 2013; 1499:145-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical strategies for ameliorating the toxic effects of alcohol. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:456-62. [PMID: 23380360 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rodent studies reveal that oxidative stress, much of it generated via induction/activation of NADPH oxidase, is a key mediator of a number of the pathogenic effects of chronic ethanol overconsumption. The highly reactive ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde is a key driver of this oxidative stress, and doubtless works in other ways to promote alcohol-induced pathology. Effective antioxidant measure may therefore be useful for mitigating the adverse health consequences of alcohol consumption; spirulina may have particular utility in this regard, as its chief phycochemical phycocyanobilin has recently been shown to function as an inhibitor of certain NADPH oxidase complexes, mimicking the physiological role of its chemical relatives biliverdin/bilirubin in this respect. Moreover, certain nutraceuticals, including taurine, pantethine, and lipoic acid, may have the potential to boost the activity of the mitochondrial isoform of aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH-2, accelerating conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate (which arguably has protective health effects). Little noticed clinical studies conducted nearly three decades ago reported that pre-ingestion of either taurine or pantethine could blunt the rise in blood acetaldehyde following ethanol consumption. Other evidence suggests that lipoic acid may function within mitochondria to maintain aldehyde dehydrogenase in a reduced active conformation; the impact of this agent on ethanol metabolism has however received little or no study. Studies evaluating the impact of nutracetical strategies on prevention of hangovers - which likely are mediated by acetaldehyde - may represent a quick, low-cost way to identify nutraceutical regimens that merit further attention for their potential impact on alcohol-induced pathology. Measures which boost or preserve ALDH-2 activity may also have important antioxidant potential, as this enzyme functions physiologically to protect cells from toxic aldehydes generated by oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- NutriGuard Research, 1051 Hermes Ave., Encinitas, CA 92024, United States.
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Oprea E, Berteanu M, Cintezã D, Manolescu BN. The effect of the ALAnerv nutritional supplement on some oxidative stress markers in postacute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:613-20. [PMID: 23724877 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a pathologic condition associated with redox imbalance. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effect of the consumption of the nutritional supplement ALAnerv on some oxidative stress markers in postacute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. To achieve this goal, we assigned 28 patients to 2 study groups: (-)ALA and (+)ALA. Patients in both groups participated in the same rehabilitation program and received comparable standard medications; however, patients in the (+)ALA group received ALAnerv for 2 weeks (2 pills per day). We assessed total and nonproteic thiols, protein carbonyls, ceruloplasmin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Regression analysis indicated that supplementation with ALAnerv was responsible for the significant decrease in glucose (p = 0.002) and oxidized LDL particles (p < 0.001) during the study period. For both parameters, the variation in the percent of concentration between the 2 groups during the study period reached statistical significance (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, Barthel Index values at discharge were significantly influenced by ALAnerv treatment. These preliminary results indicate that ALAnerv might be helpful because it rapidly corrects plasma fasting glucose and corrects serum oxidized LDL particle concentrations, suggesting the need for longer treatment with 2 pills or more per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
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Xie R, Li X, Ling Y, Shen C, Wu X, Xu W, Gao X. Alpha-lipoic acid pre- and post-treatments provide protection against in vitro ischemia-reperfusion injury in cerebral endothelial cells via Akt/mTOR signaling. Brain Res 2012; 1482:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liu B, Ma X, Guo D, Guo Y, Chen N, Bi H. Neuroprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on hydrostatic pressure-induced damage of retinal ganglion cells in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2012; 526:24-8. [PMID: 22917607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to afford protection against neurodegenerative disorders in humans and experimental animals, yet little study elucidates whether it works in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether ALA possesses neuroprotection against hydrostatic pressure-induced damage and explore its possible protective mechanism in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro. METHODS RGC-5 cells were differentiated using staurosporine and pre-treated with different concentrations of ALA, then subjected to 50mm Hg hydrostatic pressure for 6h. After elevated hydrostatic pressure, cell viability was measured using MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes were determined by flow cytometry based on 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was measured via quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Increases of apoptotic rate and ROS production were observed in pressure-treated RGC-5 cells compared to normal control cells. In contrast, pretreatment of ALA significantly reduced the production of ROS, increased the expression of MnSOD and prevented apoptosis in pressure-treated RGC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there are protective effects of ALA against elevated hydrostatic pressure-induced damage in RGC-5 cells, indicating ALA might be a potential therapeutic agent for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jinan Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
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El-Beshbishy HA, Aly HAA, El-Shafey M. Lipoic acid mitigates bisphenol A-induced testicular mitochondrial toxicity in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:875-87. [PMID: 22623521 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. BPA is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in manufacturing plastic baby bottles and lining of food cans. In this study, we investigated the BPA-induced testicular oxidative stress and perturbation of mitochondrial marker enzymes in male albino rats and its amelioration by α-lipoic acid (LA). Rats were administered a dose of BPA (10 mg/kg body weight) orally for 14 days. This resulted in decreased testes weight, total testicular protein content, testicular enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and decline in activities of marker mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase. The serum testosterone and total antioxidant status were reduced. Besides, it also affected the activities of testicular antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. BPA also caused lipid peroxidation and decrease in reduced glutathione content of mitochondria. The co-administration of LA (20 mg/kg body weight; orally for 14 days) together with BPA resulted in restoration of the mitochondrial marker enzyme activities and increasing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of mitochondria. The obtained results demonstrated that LA has a potential role in mitigating BPA-induced mitochondrial toxicity through antioxidant mechanism or by direct free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- 1Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Tasi WC, Petersen-Jones SM, Huang PY, Lin CT. The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine and methylprednisolone in a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:307-13. [PMID: 21997238 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment for humans and animals. The neuroprotective effects of lidocaine (LDC) and methylprednisolone (MP) upon retinal ischemic injury were investigated in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, the IR control, LDC and MP. A very high intraocular pressure (HIOP) and retinal ischemia were induced. In LDC group, LDC bolus (1.5 mg/kg) was i.v. injected 30 min before ischemia and then a constant rate infusion (CRI) with 2 mg/kg/hr was given until 60 min after reperfusion. In MP group, MP bolus (30 mg/kg) was i.v. administered twice at 2 min before and immediately after ischemia, respectively. The HIOP damage to retina was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and morphometrical histology. The functional analysis of the retina by ERG revealed a 35.2% reduction of a-wave in the IR group, 49.7% reduction in the LDC group but no significant change in the MP group compared to normal controls. An 81.0% reduction of b-wave was observed in the IR group, 80.7% reduction in the LDC group and 17.6% reduction in the MP group. In the morphometrical histology, the retinal inner plexiform layer/outer nuclear layer (IPL/ONL) ratio was reduced to 48.8% in the IR group, 80.1% in the LDC group and 96.2% in MP group. In conclusion, the MP showed significantly good neuroprotective effects on retinal IR injury, and the LDC showed moderate neuroprotective effects demonstrated in retinal structure but not in retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chih Tasi
- Department of Comparative Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang X, Yu Y, Ji L, Liang X, Zhang T, Hai CX. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via multiple target effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2750-7. [PMID: 21843584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is a major cause for the events of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. As a potent antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to provide a benefit for the inhibition of IR injury and inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during MI/R in rats. However, the mechanism on the protective effect of LA is still to be clarified. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of LA against MI/R injury and its mechanisms. We found that 2h of myocardial ischemia followed by different time periods of reperfusion resulted in significant increase of creatine kinase (CK) activity. MI/R also significantly promoted oxidative stress and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, apoptosis and inflammatory response were activated and aggravated in a time-dependent manner by MI/R. All these alterations induced by MI/R were attenuated by the administration of LA 30 min before reperfusion. These results suggested that LA played a protective effect against MI/R injury via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings may significantly better the understanding of the pharmacological actions of LA and advance therapeutic approaches to MI/R injury and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Simultaneous Determination of the Endogenous Free α-Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoic Acid in Human Plasma and Erythrocytes by RP-HPLC with Electrochemical Detection. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Connell BJ, Saleh M, Khan BV, Saleh TM. Lipoic acid protects against reperfusion injury in the early stages of cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2011; 1375:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Baltmr A, Duggan J, Nizari S, Salt TE, Cordeiro MF. Neuroprotection in glaucoma - Is there a future role? Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:554-66. [PMID: 20800593 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In glaucoma, the major cause of global irreversible blindness, there is an urgent need for treatment modalities that directly target the RGCs. The discovery of an alternative therapeutic approach, independent of IOP reduction, is highly sought after, due to the indirect nature and limited effectiveness of IOP lowering therapy in preventing RGC loss. Several mechanisms have been implicated in initiating the apoptotic cascade in glaucomatous retinopathy and numerous drugs have been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of glaucoma. These mechanisms and their potential treatment include excitotoxicity, protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation and neurotrophin deprivation. All of these mechanisms ultimately lead to programmed cell death with loss of RGCs. In this article we summarize the mechanisms involved in glaucomatous disease, highlight the rationale for neuroprotection in glaucoma management and review current potential neuroprotective strategies targeting RGCs from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeir Baltmr
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences Department, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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Schmidt KG, Bergert H, Funk RHW. Neurodegenerative diseases of the retina and potential for protection and recovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 6:164-78. [PMID: 19305795 PMCID: PMC2647152 DOI: 10.2174/157015908784533851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms in the cascade of events resulting in retinal cell death in ocular pathologies like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration led to the common descriptive term of neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. The final common pathophysiologic pathway of these diseases includes a particular form of metabolic stress, resulting in an insufficient supply of nutrients to the respective target structures (optic nerve head, retina). During metabolic stress, glutamate is released initiating the death of neurones containing ionotropic glutamate (N-methyl-D-aspartat, NMDA) receptors present on ganglion cells and a specific type of amacrine cells. Experimental studies demonstrate that several drugs reduce or prevent the death of retinal neurones deficient of nutrients. These agents generally block NMDA receptors to prevent the action of glutamate or halt the subsequent pathophysiologic cycle resulting in cell death. The major causes for cell death following activation of NMDA receptors are the influx of calcium and sodium into cells, the generation of free radicals linked to the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and/or advanced lipoxidation endproducts (ALEs) as well as defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Substances preventing these cytotoxic events are considered to be potentially neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-G Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Starnberg, Josef-Jägerhuberstr. 7, D-82319 Starnberg, Germany.
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Senoglu M, Nacitarhan V, Kurutas EB, Senoglu N, Altun I, Atli Y, Ozbag D. Intraperitoneal Alpha-Lipoic Acid to prevent neural damage after crush injury to the rat sciatic nerve. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2009; 4:22. [PMID: 19939272 PMCID: PMC2789059 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Crush injury to the sciatic nerve causes oxidative stress. Alfa Lipoic acid (a-LA) is a neuroprotective metabolic antioxidant. This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of pretreatment with a-LA on the crush injury of rat sciatic nerve. Methods Forty rats were randomized into four groups. Group I and Group II received saline (2 ml, intraperitoneally) and a-LA (100 mg/kg, 2 ml, intraperitoneally) in the groups III and IV at the 24 and 1 hour prior to the crush injury. In groups II, III and IV, the left sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed for 60 seconds with a jeweler's forceps. In Group I (n = 10), the sciatic nerve was explored but not crushed. In all groups of rats, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in samples of sciatic nerve tissue. Results Compared to Group I, Group II had significantly decreased tissue SOD and CAT activities and elevated MDA levels indicating crush injury (p < 0.05). In the a-LA treatment groups (groups III and IV), tissue CAT and SOD activities were significantly increased and MDA levels significantly decreased at the first hour (p < 0.05) and on the 3rd day (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between a-LA treatment groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion A-LA administered before crush injury of the sciatic nerve showed significant protective effects against crush injury by decreasing the oxidative stress. A-LA should be considered in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, but further studies are needed to explain the mechanism of its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Senoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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Bartlett HE, Eperjesi F. Nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28:503-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Osborne NN, Li GY, Ji D, Mortiboys HJ, Jackson S. Light affects mitochondria to cause apoptosis to cultured cells: possible relevance to ganglion cell death in certain optic neuropathies. J Neurochem 2008; 105:2013-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Osborne NN. Pathogenesis of ganglion “cell death” in glaucoma and neuroprotection: focus on ganglion cell axonal mitochondria. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2008; 173:339-52. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)01124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Animal models are useful to elucidate the etiology and pathology of glaucoma and to develop novel and more effective therapies for the disease. Because of the substantial similarities between the rodent and primate eyes, and the advances of relevant study techniques, rat and mouse models of glaucoma have recently become popular as research tools. This review surveys research techniques used in the measurement of rodent intraocular pressure, and also the evaluation of pertinent morphologic, biochemical, and functional changes in the retina, optic nerve head, and optic nerve. This review further describes in detail the individual rodent models, some of which serve as surrogate models and do not entail ocular hypertension, whereas others involve transient or chronic increases of intraocular pressure. The technical considerations and theoretical concerns of these models, their advantages, and limitations, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iok-Hou Pang
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Ji D, Li GY, Osborne NN. Nicotinamide attenuates retinal ischemia and light insults to neurones. Neurochem Int 2007; 52:786-98. [PMID: 17976861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present studies was to determine whether nicotinamide is effective in blunting the negative influence of ischemia/reperfusion to the rat retina in situ and of light to transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture. Ischemia was delivered to the retina of one eye of rats by raising the intraocular pressure. Nicotinamide was administered intraperitoneally just before ischemia and into the vitreous immediately after the insult. Electroretinograms (ERGs) of both eyes were recorded before and 5 days after ischemia. Seven days after ischemia, retinas were analysed for the localization of various antigens. Retinal and optic nerve extracts were also prepared for analysis of specific proteins and mRNAs. Also, RGC-5 cells in culture were given a light insult (1000 lux, 48 and 96 h) and evidence for reduced viability and apoptosis determined by a variety of procedures. Nicotinamide was added to some cultures to see whether it reversed the negative effect of light. Ischemia/reperfusion to the retina affected the localization of Thy-1, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the ERG, the content of various retinal and optic nerve proteins and mRNAs. Significantly, nicotinamide statistically blunted many of the effects induced by ischemia/reperfusion which included the activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Light-induced apoptosis of RGC-5 cells in culture was attenuated by nicotinamide and the PARP inhibitor NU1025. The presented data show that nicotinamide attenuates injury to the retina and RGC-5 cells in culture caused by ischemia/reperfusion and by light, respectively. Evidence is provided to suggest that nicotinamide acts as a PARP inhibitor and possibly an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ji
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK
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Barnett NL, Takamoto K, Bull ND. Glutamate transport modulation: a possible role in retinal neuroprotection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 572:327-32. [PMID: 17249592 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32442-9_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel L Barnett
- Vision, Touch & Hearing Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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Dulundu E, Ozel Y, Topaloglu U, Sehirli O, Ercan F, Gedik N, Sener G. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Pharmacology 2007; 79:163-70. [PMID: 17259747 DOI: 10.1159/000098953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in reducing oxidative damage after severe hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Wistar albino rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia, followed by 60 min reperfusion period. Lipoic acid (100 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 15 min prior to ischemia and immediately before reperfusion period. At the end of the reperfusion period aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and cytokine, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were determined in serum samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined in the liver tissue samples while formation of reactive oxygen species was monitored by using chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes. Tissues were also analyzed histologically. RESULTS Serum ALT, AST, and LDH activities and TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels were elevated in the I/R group, while this increase was significantly lower in the group of animals treated concomitantly with lipoic acid. Hepatic GSH levels, significantly depressed by I/R, were elevated back to control levels in lipoic acid-treated I/R group. Furthermore, increases in tissue luminol and lucigenin CL, MDA levels and MPO activity due to I/R injury were reduced back to control levels with lipoic acid treatment. CONCLUSION Since lipoic acid administration alleviated the I/R-induced liver injury and improved the hepatic structure and function, it seems likely that lipoic acid with its antioxidant and oxidant-scavenging properties may be of potential therapeutic value in protecting the liver against oxidative injury due to ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Dulundu
- Department of 5th Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guimarães SB, Santos JMV, Aragão AA, de Sandes Kimura O, Barbosa PHU, de Vasconcelos PRL. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid in experimental spermatic cord torsion. Nutrition 2006; 23:76-80. [PMID: 17112702 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) in rats that were subjected to torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord in a comparative controlled experiment. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats, randomized in two groups, received intraperitoneal injections of LA (LA group; aqueous solution at 36 mg/kg of body weight per day) or equal volume of saline (control group) 21, 9, and 1 h before torsion of the spermatic cord. Rats in each group were distributed in four subgroups, each comprising six animals. All surgical procedures were performed under inhaled ether anesthesia. Ischemia was induced by 720-degree torsion of the spermatic cord for 3 h. The right testis was assessed through longitudinal scrotal incision. After each surgical procedure, scrotal incisions were closed with 4-0 nylon monofilament. Ipsilateral testes and arterial blood samples were collected at the end of ischemia and 1, 3, and 6 h after detorsion. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reduced glutathione levels (micromoles per gram of wet tissue) were assayed in testis. Total antioxidant power was measured in blood plasma. RESULTS LA pretreatment promoted a significant decrease in testicular concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and simultaneously induced an increase in reduced glutathione concentrations at all time points studied. Plasma total antioxidant power levels increased significantly during reperfusion (T-1) in LA-treated rats compared with control rats. CONCLUSION LA administered before torsion of the spermatic cord showed significant protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing lipid peroxidation and regulating testicular reduced glutathione and plasma total antioxidant power levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Botelho Guimarães
- Department of Surgery, and Head, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Cremer DR, Rabeler R, Roberts A, Lynch B. Long-term safety of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) consumption: A 2-year study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 46:193-201. [PMID: 16899332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) (CAS RN 1077-28-7), also referred to as thioctic acid, has been demonstrated to exhibit strong anti-oxidant properties. In order to test the long-term toxicity of ALA, groups of 40-50 male and female, 5-6-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to oral administration of 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day ALA for 24 months. There was no significant difference between control animals and treated animals at 20 or 60 mg/kg bw/day with respect to body weight gain, food consumption, behavioural effects, haematological and clinical chemistry parameters, and gross and histopathological findings. In all treatment groups, mortality was slightly lower as compared to the control. The absolute weights of the heart (high-dose males), thymus (high-dose males), and left adrenal (mid-dose males), liver (high-dose females), and lungs (high-dose females) were decreased in comparison to controls. These changes were of no toxicological significance. The only notable finding in rats of both sexes dosed at 180 mg/kg bw/day was a reduction in food intake relative to the controls and a concomitant decrease in body weight. This decrease in body weight led to significant differences between the control and high-dose rats with respect to the absolute weights of certain organs. However, no gross or histopathological changes were associated with these findings. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is considered to be 60 mg/kg bw/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Cremer
- Degussa Food Ingredients GmbH, Lise Meitnerstr. 34 D -85354 Freising, Germany.
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Syed H, Safa R, Chidlow G, Osborne NN. Sulfisoxazole, an endothelin receptor antagonist, protects retinal neurones from insults of ischemia/reperfusion or lipopolysaccharide. Neurochem Int 2006; 48:708-17. [PMID: 16464516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins exert pathological effects in the eye and much interest centres on their role in causing retinal neuronal death in ischemic diseases like glaucoma. In the present study the influence of the non-selective endothelin antagonist, sulfisoxazole on raised intraocular pressure-induced ischemia to the rat retina was investigated. Moreover, in vitro studies on primary rat retinal cultures were undertaken to see whether sulfisoxazole is able to blunt the toxic effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to retinal neurones. In order to determine whether sulfisoxazole provides protection to the retina the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG), the localisation of retinal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and Thy-1 and the retinal mRNA levels of Thy-1 and FGF-2 were deduced in retinas subjected to ischemia in the absence or presence of sulfisoxazole. The results showed that the ischemia-induced changes to the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the ERG and changes associated with the localisation of ChAT, nNOS and Thy-1 to be significantly blunted by sulfisoxazole. However, while the ischemia-induced changes to Thy-1 and FGF-2 mRNAs were reduced by sulfisoxazole, the reduction was non-significant. The in vitro studies provided support for the protective effect of sulfisoxazole. Here, it was clearly shown that sulfisoxazole attenuated the elevation of nitric oxide (deduced by measuring nitrite) and the reduction in numbers of GABA-containing neurones caused by LPS. The present study provides evidence for the first time that endothelin antagonist can protect the retina from ischemic-like insults as occurs in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnain Syed
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK
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