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Volfart A, Rossion B. The neuropsychological evaluation of face identity recognition. Neuropsychologia 2024; 198:108865. [PMID: 38522782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Facial identity recognition (FIR) is arguably the ultimate form of recognition for the adult human brain. Even if the term prosopagnosia is reserved for exceptionally rare brain-damaged cases with a category-specific abrupt loss of FIR at adulthood, subjective and objective impairments or difficulties of FIR are common in the neuropsychological population. Here we provide a critical overview of the evaluation of FIR both for clinicians and researchers in neuropsychology. FIR impairments occur following many causes that should be identified objectively by both general and specific, behavioral and neural examinations. We refute the commonly used dissociation between perceptual and memory deficits/tests for FIR, since even a task involving the discrimination of unfamiliar face images presented side-by-side relies on cortical memories of faces in the right-lateralized ventral occipito-temporal cortex. Another frequently encountered confusion is between specific deficits of the FIR function and a more general impairment of semantic memory (of people), the latter being most often encountered following anterior temporal lobe damage. Many computerized tests aimed at evaluating FIR have appeared over the last two decades, as reviewed here. However, despite undeniable strengths, they often suffer from ecological limitations, difficulties of instruction, as well as a lack of consideration for processing speed and qualitative information. Taking into account these issues, a recently developed behavioral test with natural images manipulating face familiarity, stimulus inversion, and correct response times as a key variable appears promising. The measurement of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the frequency domain from fast periodic visual stimulation also appears as a particularly promising tool to complete and enhance the neuropsychological assessment of FIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Volfart
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
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2
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Intracerebral Electrophysiological Recordings to Understand the Neural Basis of Human Face Recognition. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020354. [PMID: 36831897 PMCID: PMC9954066 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the human brain recognizes faces is a primary scientific goal in cognitive neuroscience. Given the limitations of the monkey model of human face recognition, a key approach in this endeavor is the recording of electrophysiological activity with electrodes implanted inside the brain of human epileptic patients. However, this approach faces a number of challenges that must be overcome for meaningful scientific knowledge to emerge. Here we synthesize a 10 year research program combining the recording of intracerebral activity (StereoElectroEncephaloGraphy, SEEG) in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) of large samples of participants and fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS), to objectively define, quantify, and characterize the neural basis of human face recognition. These large-scale studies reconcile the wide distribution of neural face recognition activity with its (right) hemispheric and regional specialization and extend face-selectivity to anterior regions of the VOTC, including the ventral anterior temporal lobe (VATL) typically affected by magnetic susceptibility artifacts in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Clear spatial dissociations in category-selectivity between faces and other meaningful stimuli such as landmarks (houses, medial VOTC regions) or written words (left lateralized VOTC) are found, confirming and extending neuroimaging observations while supporting the validity of the clinical population tested to inform about normal brain function. The recognition of face identity - arguably the ultimate form of recognition for the human brain - beyond mere differences in physical features is essentially supported by selective populations of neurons in the right inferior occipital gyrus and the lateral portion of the middle and anterior fusiform gyrus. In addition, low-frequency and high-frequency broadband iEEG signals of face recognition appear to be largely concordant in the human association cortex. We conclude by outlining the challenges of this research program to understand the neural basis of human face recognition in the next 10 years.
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Sliwinska MW, Searle LR, Earl M, O'Gorman D, Pollicina G, Burton AM, Pitcher D. Face learning via brief real-world social interactions includes changes in face-selective brain areas and hippocampus. Perception 2022; 51:521-538. [PMID: 35542977 PMCID: PMC9396469 DOI: 10.1177/03010066221098728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Making new acquaintances requires learning to recognise previously unfamiliar faces. In the current study, we investigated this process by staging real-world social interactions between actors and the participants. Participants completed a face-matching behavioural task in which they matched photographs of the actors (whom they had yet to meet), or faces similar to the actors (henceforth called foils). Participants were then scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while viewing photographs of actors and foils. Immediately after exiting the scanner, participants met the actors for the first time and interacted with them for 10 min. On subsequent days, participants completed a second behavioural experiment and then a second fMRI scan. Prior to each session, actors again interacted with the participants for 10 min. Behavioural results showed that social interactions improved performance accuracy when matching actor photographs, but not foil photographs. The fMRI analysis revealed a difference in the neural response to actor photographs and foil photographs across all regions of interest (ROIs) only after social interactions had occurred. Our results demonstrate that short social interactions were sufficient to learn and discriminate previously unfamiliar individuals. Moreover, these learning effects were present in brain areas involved in face processing and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena W Sliwinska
- School of Psychology, 4589Liverpool John Moores University, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of York, UK
| | | | - Megan Earl
- Department of Psychology, University of York, UK
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Abstract
Face perception is a socially important but complex process with many stages and many facets. There is substantial evidence from many sources that it involves a large extent of the temporal lobe, from the ventral occipitotemporal cortex and superior temporal sulci to anterior temporal regions. While early human neuroimaging work suggested a core face network consisting of the occipital face area, fusiform face area, and posterior superior temporal sulcus, studies in both humans and monkeys show a system of face patches stretching from posterior to anterior in both the superior temporal sulcus and inferotemporal cortex. Sophisticated techniques such as fMRI adaptation have shown that these face-activated regions show responses that have many of the attributes of human face processing. Lesions of some of these regions in humans lead to variants of prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize the identity of a face. Lesion, imaging, and electrophysiologic data all suggest that there is a segregation between identity and expression processing, though some suggest this may be better characterized as a distinction between static and dynamic facial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J S Barton
- Division of Neuro-ophthalmology, Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Cajigas I, Kanner AM, Ribot R, Casabella AM, Mahavadi A, Jermakowicz W, Sur S, Millan C, Saporta A, Lowe M, Velez-Ruiz N, Rey G, Ibrahim GM, Ivan ME, Jagid JR. Magnetic Resonance–Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Mesial Temporal Epilepsy: A Case Series Analysis of Outcomes and Complications at 2-Year Follow-Up. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1121-e1129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gross RE, Stern MA, Willie JT, Fasano RE, Saindane AM, Soares BP, Pedersen NP, Drane DL. Stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:575-587. [PMID: 29420840 PMCID: PMC5877322 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes 1 year and longer following stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a large series of patients treated over a 5-year period since introduction of this novel technique. METHODS Surgical outcomes of a consecutive series of 58 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent the surgery at our institution with at least 12 months of follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing patients with and without mesial temporal sclerosis. RESULTS One year following stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy, 53.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.8-65.7%) of all patients were free of disabling seizures (Engel I). Three of 9 patients became seizure-free following repeat ablation. Subgroup analysis showed that 60.5% (95% CI = 45.6-73.7%) of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis were free of disabling seizures as compared to 33.3% (95% CI = 15.0-58.5%) of patients without mesial temporal sclerosis. Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 scores significantly improved at the group level, few procedure-related complications were observed, and verbal memory outcome was better than historical open resection data. INTERPRETATION In an unselected consecutive series of patients, stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy yielded seizure-free rates for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy lower than, but comparable to, the outcomes typically associated with open temporal lobe surgery. Analogous to results from open surgery, patients without mesial temporal sclerosis fared less well. This novel procedure is an effective minimally invasive alternative to resective surgery. In the minority of patients not free of disabling seizures, laser ablation presents no barrier to additional open surgery. Ann Neurol 2018;83:575-587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew A. Stern
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Jon T. Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Amit M. Saindane
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Bruno P. Soares
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | | | - Daniel L. Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Yin D, Thompson JA, Drees C, Ojemann SG, Nagae L, Pelak VS, Abosch A. Optic Radiation Tractography and Visual Field Deficits in Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Amygdalohippocampectomy in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2017; 95:107-113. [DOI: 10.1159/000454866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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O'Grady C, Omisade A, Sadler RM. Language lateralization of a bilingual person with epilepsy using a combination of fMRI and neuropsychological assessment findings. Neurocase 2016; 22:436-442. [PMID: 27653991 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1233987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the findings of language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a left-handed Urdu and English speaker with right hemisphere-originating epilepsy and unclear language dominance. fMRI is a reliable method for determining hemispheric language dominance in presurgical planning. However, the effects of bilingualism on language activation depend on many factors including age of acquisition and proficiency in the tested language, and morphological properties of the language itself. This case demonstrates that completing fMRI in both spoken languages and interpreting the results within the context of a neuropsychological assessment are essential in arriving at accurate conclusions about language distribution in bilingual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonina Omisade
- b Acquired Brain Injury - Surgical Epilepsy Programme , Nova Scotia Health Authority , Halifax , Canada
| | - R Mark Sadler
- c Division of Neurology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
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Barton JJS, Corrow SL. Recognizing and identifying people: A neuropsychological review. Cortex 2015; 75:132-150. [PMID: 26773237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing people is a classic example of a cognitive function that involves multiple processing stages and parallel routes of information. Neuropsychological data have provided important evidence for models of this process, particularly from case reports; however, the quality and extent of the data varies widely between studies. In this review we first discuss the requirements and logical basis of the types of neuropsychological evidence to support conclusions about the modules in this process. We then survey the adequacy of the current body of reports to address two key issues. First is the question of which cognitive operation generates a sense of familiarity: the current debate revolves around whether familiarity arises in modality-specific recognition units or later amodal processes. Key evidence on this point comes from the search for dissociations between familiarity for faces, voices and names. The second question is whether lesions can differentially affect the abilities to link diverse sources of person information (e.g., face, voice, name, biographic data). Dissociations of these linkages may favor a 'distributed-only' model of the organization of semantic knowledge, whereas a 'person-hub' model would predict uniform impairments of all linkages. While we conclude that there is reasonable evidence for dissociations in name, voice and face familiarity in regards to the first question, the evidence for or against dissociated linkages between information stores in regards to the second question is tenuous at best. We identify deficiencies in the current literature that should motivate and inform the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J S Barton
- Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Sherryse L Corrow
- Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Gross RE, Willie JT, Drane DL. The Role of Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2015; 27:37-50. [PMID: 26615106 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy (SLAH) uses laser interstitial thermal therapy guided by magnetic resonance thermography. This novel intervention can achieve seizure freedom while minimizing collateral damage compared to traditional open surgery, in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. An algorithm is presented to guide treatment decisions for initial and repeat procedures in patients with and without mesial temporal sclerosis. SLAH may improve access by medication-refractory patients to effective surgical treatments and thereby decrease medical complications, increase productivity, and minimize socioeconomic consequences in patients with chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6111, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Interventional MRI Program, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Ste W 200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6111, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Interventional MRI Program, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel L Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6111, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Ramon M, Vizioli L, Liu-Shuang J, Rossion B. Neural microgenesis of personally familiar face recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4835-44. [PMID: 26283361 PMCID: PMC4568242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414929112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a wealth of information provided by neuroimaging research, the neural basis of familiar face recognition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, we isolated the discriminative neural responses to unfamiliar and familiar faces by slowly increasing visual information (i.e., high-spatial frequencies) to progressively reveal faces of unfamiliar or personally familiar individuals. Activation in ventral occipitotemporal face-preferential regions increased with visual information, independently of long-term face familiarity. In contrast, medial temporal lobe structures (perirhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus) and anterior inferior temporal cortex responded abruptly when sufficient information for familiar face recognition was accumulated. These observations suggest that following detailed analysis of individual faces in core posterior areas of the face-processing network, familiar face recognition emerges categorically in medial temporal and anterior regions of the extended cortical face network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Ramon
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Liu-Shuang
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bruno Rossion
- Psychological Science Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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Willie JT, Laxpati NG, Drane DL, Gowda A, Appin C, Hao C, Brat DJ, Helmers SL, Saindane A, Nour SG, Gross RE. Real-time magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosurgery 2015; 74:569-84; discussion 584-5. [PMID: 24618797 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open surgery effectively treats mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, but carries the risk of neurocognitive deficits, which may be reduced with minimally invasive alternatives. OBJECTIVE To describe technical and clinical outcomes of stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy with real-time magnetic resonance thermal imaging guidance. METHODS With patients under general anesthesia and using standard stereotactic methods, 13 adult patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (with and without mesial temporal sclerosis [MTS]) prospectively underwent insertion of a saline-cooled fiberoptic laser applicator in amygdalohippocampal structures from an occipital trajectory. Computer-controlled laser ablation was performed during continuous magnetic resonance thermal imaging followed by confirmatory contrast-enhanced anatomic imaging and volumetric reconstruction. Clinical outcomes were determined from seizure diaries. RESULTS A mean 60% volume of the amygdalohippocampal complex was ablated in 13 patients (9 with MTS) undergoing 15 procedures. Median hospitalization was 1 day. With follow-up ranging from 5 to 26 months (median, 14 months), 77% (10/13) of patients achieved meaningful seizure reduction, of whom 54% (7/13) were free of disabling seizures. Of patients with preoperative MTS, 67% (6/9) achieved seizure freedom. All recurrences were observed before 6 months. Variances in ablation volume and length did not account for individual clinical outcomes. Although no complications of laser therapy itself were observed, 1 significant complication, a visual field defect, resulted from deviated insertion of a stereotactic aligning rod, which was corrected before ablation. CONCLUSION Real-time magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy is a technically novel, safe, and effective alternative to open surgery. Further evaluation with larger cohorts over time is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Willie
- Departments of *Neurosurgery, ‡Neurology, §Pathology, and ¶Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; ‖Interventional MRI Program, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia; #Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; **Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; ††Visualase, Inc., Houston, Texas
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Bate S, Bennetts RJ. The rehabilitation of face recognition impairments: a critical review and future directions. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:491. [PMID: 25100965 PMCID: PMC4107857 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While much research has investigated the neural and cognitive characteristics of face recognition impairments (prosopagnosia), much less work has examined their rehabilitation. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the studies that have attempted to improve face-processing skills in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia, and place them in the context of the wider neurorehabilitation literature. First, we examine whether neuroplasticity within the typical face-processing system varies across the lifespan, in order to examine whether timing of intervention may be crucial. Second, we examine reports of interventions in acquired prosopagnosia, where training in compensatory strategies has had some success. Third, we examine reports of interventions in developmental prosopagnosia, where compensatory training in children and remedial training in adults have both been successful. However, the gains are somewhat limited-compensatory strategies have resulted in labored recognition techniques and limited generalization to untrained faces, and remedial techniques require longer periods of training and result in limited maintenance of gains. Critically, intervention suitability and outcome in both forms of the condition likely depends on a complex interaction of factors, including prosopagnosia severity, the precise functional locus of the impairment, and individual differences such as age. Finally, we discuss future directions in the rehabilitation of prosopagnosia, and the possibility of boosting the effects of cognitive training programmes by simultaneous administration of oxytocin or non-invasive brain stimulation. We conclude that future work using more systematic methods and larger participant groups is clearly required, and in the case of developmental prosopagnosia, there is an urgent need to develop early detection and remediation tools for children, in order to optimize intervention outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bate
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth UniversityPoole, UK
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Sadeh T, Ozubko JD, Winocur G, Moscovitch M. How we forget may depend on how we remember. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Beaton AE, Durnford A, Heffer-Rahn PE, Kirkham F, Griffin A, Gray W. Transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy in children with hippocampal sclerosis: Seizure, intellectual and memory outcome. Seizure 2012; 21:699-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Griffin ÉW, Mullally S, Foley C, Warmington SA, O'Mara SM, Kelly AM. Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function and increases BDNF in the serum of young adult males. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:934-41. [PMID: 21722657 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been reported to improve cognitive function in humans and rodents, possibly via a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-regulated mechanism. In this study of human subjects, we have assessed the effects of acute and chronic exercise on performance of a face-name matching task, which recruits the hippocampus and associated structures of the medial temporal lobe, and the Stroop word-colour task, which does not, and have assessed circulating concentrations of BDNF and IGF-1 in parallel. The results show that a short period of high-intensity cycling results in enhancements in performance of the face-name matching, but not the Stroop, task. These changes in cognitive function were paralleled by increased concentration of BDNF, but not IGF-1, in the serum of exercising subjects. 3 weeks of cycling training had no effect on cardiovascular fitness, as assessed by VO2 scores, cognitive function, or serum BDNF concentration. Increases in fitness, cognitive function and serum BDNF response to acute exercise were observed following 5 weeks of aerobic training. These data indicate that both acute and chronic exercise improve medial temporal lobe function concomitant with increased concentrations of BDNF in the serum, suggesting a possible functional role for this neurotrophic factor in exercise-induced cognitive enhancement in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadaoin W Griffin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Martin CB, Bowles B, Mirsattari SM, Köhler S. Selective familiarity deficits after left anterior temporal-lobe removal with hippocampal sparing are material specific. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1870-8. [PMID: 21419788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research has firmly established a link between recognition memory and the functional integrity of the medial temporal lobes (MTL). Dual-process models of MTL organization maintain that there is a division of labour within the MTL, with the hippocampus (HC) supporting recollective processes and perirhinal cortex (PRc) supporting familiarity assessment. An older neuropsychological literature suggested a different type of division of labour within the MTL, with left-sided structures playing a critical role in memory for verbal materials and right-sided structures being differentially involved in memory for material that cannot easily be verbalized. Research that has related predictions made by these two accounts to each other is limited. Evidence from research in patients with selective recollection impairments and fMRI data in healthy individuals suggests that lateralization of recollection for verbal materials is not clear-cut. Here we examined lateralization of familiarity processes in the MTL by asking whether selective familiarity impairments after unilateral anterior temporal-lobe removal with hippocampal sparing are material specific. We examined this issue in NB, an individual who was previously shown to exhibit selective familiarity impairments with such a lesion (Bowles et al., 2007). We administered three similar recognition memory tests in combination with the same Remember-Know procedure for three different types of novel stimuli without pre-existing semantic representations. Analyses focused on discrimination and on possible differences in response criterion, and included an ROC based approach as well. We found that NB exhibited a deficit in overall recognition of aurally presented pronounceable non-words that reflected a specific impairment of familiarity assessment with preservation of recollective processes. Examination of recognition memory for visually presented abstract pictures and faces did not reveal any impairment, neither at the level of overall recognition nor, more specifically, at the level of familiarity assessment. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms that support familiarity assessment in the temporal lobe operate in a manner that is tied to the specific stimulus class being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris B Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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N170 asymmetry as an index of inferior occipital dysfunction in patients with symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Sensory information in the retinal image is typically too ambiguous to support visual object recognition by itself. Theories of visual disambiguation posit that to disambiguate, and thus interpret, the incoming images, the visual system must integrate the sensory information with previous knowledge of the visual world. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of human subjects, we have found evidence for functional specialization for storing disambiguating information in memory versus interpreting incoming ambiguous images. Subjects viewed two-tone, "Mooney" images, which are typically ambiguous when seen for the first time but are quickly disambiguated after viewing the corresponding unambiguous color images. Activity in one set of regions, including a region in the medial parietal cortex previously reported to play a key role in Mooney image disambiguation, closely reflected memory for previously seen color images but not the subsequent disambiguation of Mooney images. A second set of regions, including the superior temporal sulcus, showed the opposite pattern, in that their responses closely reflected the subjects' percepts of the disambiguated Mooney images on a stimulus-to-stimulus basis but not the memory of the corresponding color images. Functional connectivity between the two sets of regions was stronger during those trials in which the disambiguated percept was stronger. This functional interaction between brain regions that specialize in storing disambiguating information in memory versus interpreting incoming ambiguous images may represent a general mechanism by which previous knowledge disambiguates visual sensory information.
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Bunce D, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Burns R, Christensen H, Wen W, Sachdev PS. Cognitive deficits are associated with frontal and temporal lobe white matter lesions in middle-aged adults living in the community. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13567. [PMID: 21042415 PMCID: PMC2958850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between brain white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in old age is well established. However, little is known about this association in midlife. As this information will inform policy for early preventative healthcare initiatives, we investigated non-periventricular frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in relation to cognitive function in 428 (232 women) community-dwelling adults aged 44 to 48 years. Results Frontal white matter lesions were significantly associated with greater intraindividual RT variability in women, while temporal WMH were associated with face recognition deficits in men. Parietal and occipital lobe lesions were unrelated to cognitive performance. These findings did not differ when education and a range of health variables, including vascular risk factors, were taken into account. Conclusion Gender differences in WMH-cognition associations are discussed, and we conclude that small vessel disease is present in midlife and has functional consequences which are generally not recognized. Preventative strategies should, therefore, begin early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bunce
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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21
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Bengner T, Malina T. Long-term face memory as a measure of right temporal lobe function in TLE: The Alsterdorfer Faces Test. Epilepsy Res 2010; 89:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pollak SD, Nelson CA, Schlaak MF, Roeber BJ, Wewerka SS, Wiik KL, Frenn KA, Loman MM, Gunnar MR. Neurodevelopmental effects of early deprivation in postinstitutionalized children. Child Dev 2010; 81:224-36. [PMID: 20331664 PMCID: PMC2846096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental sequelae of early deprivation were examined by testing (N = 132) 8- and 9-year-old children who had endured prolonged versus brief institutionalized rearing or rearing in the natal family. Behavioral tasks included measures that permit inferences about underlying neural circuitry. Children raised in institutionalized settings showed neuropsychological deficits on tests of visual memory and attention, as well as visually mediated learning and inhibitory control. Yet, these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on similar tests where auditory processing was also involved and on tests assessing executive processes such as rule acquisition and planning. These findings suggest that specific aspects of brain-behavioral circuitry may be particularly vulnerable to postnatal experience.
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Learning and memory deficits in ecstasy users and their neural correlates during a face-learning task. Brain Res 2009; 1292:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tsukiura T, Suzuki C, Shigemune Y, Mochizuki-Kawai H. Differential contributions of the anterior temporal and medial temporal lobe to the retrieval of memory for person identity information. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 29:1343-54. [PMID: 17948885 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have suggested the importance of the bilateral anterior temporal (ATL) and medial temporal lobes (MTL) in the retrieval of person identity information, there is little evidence concerning how these regions differentially contribute to the process. Here we investigated this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Before scanning, subjects learned associations among faces (F), names (N), and job titles (as a form of person-related semantics, S). During retrieval with fMRI, subjects were presented with previously learned and new S stimuli, and judged whether the stimuli were old or new. Successful retrieval (H) trials were divided into three conditions: retrieval of S and associated F and N (HSFN); retrieval of S and associated F (HSF); and retrieval of S only (HS). The left ATL was significantly activated in HSFN, compared to HSF or HS, whereas the right ATL and MTL were significantly activated in HSFN and HSF relative to HS. In addition, activity in bilateral ATL was significantly correlated with reaction time for HSFN, whereas we found no significant correlation between activity in the right MTL and reaction time in any condition. The present findings suggest that the left ATL may mediate associations between names and person-related semantic information, whereas the right ATL mediates the association between faces and person-related semantic information in memory for person identity information. In addition, activation of the right MTL region implies that this area may contribute to a more general relational processing of associative components, including memory for person identity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsukiura
- Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
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25
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Bengner T, Siemonsen S, Stodieck S, Fiehler J. T2 relaxation time correlates of face recognition deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2008; 13:670-7. [PMID: 18722550 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored structural correlates of immediate and delayed face recognition in 22 nonsurgical patients with nonlesional, unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE, 10 left/12 right). We measured T2 relaxation time bilaterally in the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the fusiform gyrus. Apart from raised T2 values in the ipsilateral hippocampus, we found increased T2 values in the ipsilateral amygdala. Patients with right TLE exhibited impaired face recognition as a result of a decrease from immediate to delayed recognition. Higher T2 values in the right than left fusiform gyrus or hippocampus were related to worse immediate face recognition, but did not correlate with 24-hour face recognition. These preliminary results indicate that structural changes in the fusiform gyrus and hippocampus may influence immediate face recognition deficits, but have no linear influence on long-term face recognition in TLE. We suggest that long-term face recognition depends on a right hemispheric network encompassing structures outside the temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bengner
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Alsterdorf gGmbH, Abteilung für Neurologie und Epileptologie, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Nestor L, Roberts G, Garavan H, Hester R. Deficits in learning and memory: Parahippocampal hyperactivity and frontocortical hypoactivity in cannabis users. Neuroimage 2008; 40:1328-39. [PMID: 18296071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Nestor
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Face processing in adolescents with and without epilepsy. Int J Psychophysiol 2008; 68:94-103. [PMID: 18343516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently suffer memory deficits, often marked in face processing. To determine the neural correlates of this dysfunction, we investigated face processing in adolescents with intractable epilepsy compared to typically developing controls. The M170 and M220 MEG event-related fields (ERFs) were recorded while the adolescents completed an n-back task on blocks of upright and inverted faces. Source analyses of the ERF data were performed using an event-related beamforming technique that allowed the detection of multiple sources. The control adolescents showed the expected waveforms and inversion effects, although there were differences in source localization, compared to the adult literature. The participants with epilepsy had poor performance on the tasks. The adolescents with extra-temporal lobe epilepsy showed both the M170 and M220 but the source localizations were highly atypical. The patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy had an absent or highly atypical M220, a component related to face recognition processes. We hypothesize that the children with extra-temporal lobe epilepsy have difficulty with face encoding processes while the patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy have specific difficulty with face recognition.
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Bengner T, Malina T. Dissociation of short- and long-term face memory: Evidence from long-term recency effects in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Cogn 2007; 64:189-200. [PMID: 17408829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are better described by a single- or dual-store memory model. To this aim, we analyzed the influence of TLE and proactive interference (PI) on immediate and 24-h long-term recency effects during face recognition in 16 healthy participants and 18 right and 21 left non-surgical TLE patients. PI in healthy participants or TLE erased the long-term recency effect, but left the immediate recency effect unaffected. Although the immediate recency effect was still visible in right TLE patients, the number of detected recency items during immediate recognition was decreased in right TLE compared to left TLE. Right TLE was also related to decreased detection of pre-recency items during delayed recognition compared to left TLE, and decreased detection of pre-recency items during immediate recognition under PI. The results show that the temporal lobes are necessary for the long-term recency effect, but not for the immediate recency effect, and thus speak for a dissociation of short- and long-term memory for faces. Right TLE is related to more severe long-term memory deficits than left TLE and is also related to additional short-term memory deficits for faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bengner
- Epilepsy Center Hamburg, Protestant Hospital Alsterdorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Bengner T, Malina T, Lindenau M, Voges B, Goebell E, Stodieck S. Face memory in MRI-positive and MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007; 47:1904-14. [PMID: 17116031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effects of MRI-positive (MRI(+)) as compared to MRI-negative (MRI(-)) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on face memory are not yet known. METHODS We studied 24 MRI(-) (11 right/13 left) and 20 MRI(+) (13 right/7 left) TLE patients, 12 generalized epilepsy patients, and 12 healthy subjects undergoing diagnostic workup with 24-72-h Video-EEG-monitoring. Twenty faces were shown, and had to be recognized from 40 faces immediately and after a 24-h delay. RESULTS MRI(+) and MRI(-) right TLE (RTLE) patients showed deficits in face recognition compared to controls or generalized epilepsy, consistent with right temporal lobe dominance for face recognition. MRI(+) RTLE patients had deficits in both immediate and delayed recognition, while MRI(-) RTLE patients showed delayed recognition deficits only. The RTLE groups showed comparable delayed recognition deficits. Separate analyses in which the MRI(+) group included patients with hippocampal sclerosis only, did not alter results. Furthermore, MRI(-) RTLE had a worse delayed recognition than MRI(-) left TLE (LTLE). On the other hand, MRI(+) RTLE did not differ from MRI(+) LTLE in delayed recognition. Combining MRI(-) and MRI(+) TLE groups, we found differences between RTLE and LTLE in delayed, but not immediate face recognition. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a delayed recognition condition might be superior to immediate recognition tests in detecting face memory deficits in MRI(-) RTLE patients. This might explain why former studies in preoperative patients did not observe an immediate face recognition dominance of the right temporal lobe when combining MRI(-) and MRI(+) TLE patients. Our data further point to an important role of the right mesial temporal region in face recognition in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bengner
- Epilepsy Center Hamburg, Protestant Hospital Alsterdorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Human social behavior depends on a set of perceptive, mnemonic, and interpretive abilities that together may be termed social cognition. Lesion and functional imaging studies of social cognitive functions implicate the temporal lobes (in particular, the nondominant temporal lobe) and mesial temporal structures as critical at the front end of social cognitive processes. The frontal lobes, in turn, function to interpret and to modulate these processes via top-down control. Damage to frontal regions is associated with specific derangements in social behavior. Chronic focal-onset epilepsy and its surgical treatment commonly affect these neuroanatomic regions and might therefore impact social function. Postoperative social function helps determine quality of life for both patients and families. There is some evidence that resective seizure surgery affects social cognition, but there are significant weaknesses in our current knowledge that can be overcome with comprehensive longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Kirsch
- UCSF Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0138, USA.
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31
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Nichols EA, Kao YC, Verfaellie M, Gabrieli JDE. Working memory and long-term memory for faces: Evidence from fMRI and global amnesia for involvement of the medial temporal lobes. Hippocampus 2006; 16:604-16. [PMID: 16770797 PMCID: PMC1699801 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral studies with amnesic patients and imaging studies with healthy adults have suggested that medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures known to be essential for long-term declarative memory (LTM) may also be involved in the maintenance of information in working memory (WM). To examine whether MTL structures are involved in WM maintenance for faces, and the nature of that involvement, WM and LTM for faces were examined in normal participants via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and in amnesic patients behaviorally. In Experiment 1, participants were scanned while performing a WM task in which they determined if two novel faces, presented 7 s apart, were the same or different. Later, participants' LTM for the faces they saw during the WM task was measured in an unexpected recognition test. During WM maintenance, the hippocampus was activated bilaterally, and there was greater activation during maintenance for faces that were later remembered than faces later forgotten. A conjunction analysis revealed overlap in hippocampal activations across WM maintenance and LTM contrasts, which suggested that the same regions were recruited for WM maintenance and LTM encoding. In Experiment 2, amnesic and control participants were tested on similar WM and LTM tasks. Amnesic patients, as a group, had intact performance with a 1-s maintenance period, but were impaired after a 7-s WM maintenance period and on the LTM task. Thus, parallel neuroimaging and lesion designs suggest that the same hippocampal processes support WM maintenance, for intervals as short as 7 s, and LTM for faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Nichols
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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32
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Tsukiura T, Mochizuki-Kawai H, Fujii T. Dissociable roles of the bilateral anterior temporal lobe in face-name associations: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage 2005; 30:617-26. [PMID: 16275140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the importance of bilateral anterior temporal regions in face-name associations, but there is little evidence concerning their precise role. In this fMRI study, we investigated the effects of person-related semantics (PS) and repeated learning (R) on activations in these regions during the retrieval of face-name associations. For encoding stimuli, we prepared four lists of faces. To control the factor of PS, people's and occupation names were attached to the faces in lists A and B, whereas only people's names were attached to the faces in lists C and D. To control the factor of R, the stimuli in lists A and C were learned twice, whereas the stimuli in lists B and D were learned seven times during encoding before fMRI. During fMRI after the encoding, subjects participated in the retrieval task of people's names from faces or in the retrieval task of faces from people's names. The left anterior temporal lobe was significantly activated during the retrieval of people's names from faces encoded with, compared to without, PS; whereas the right anterior temporal lobe was activated during the retrieval of people's faces from names, compared to without, this encoding. Also, activation of the left (but not the right) anterior temporal lobe was significantly reduced after R of face-name associations. These findings suggest that the three components of faces, names, and PS may be mutually mediated by the bilateral anterior temporal lobe, whose activity may be dynamically changed by the level of consolidation of face-name associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsukiura
- Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba CENTRAL 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan.
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Ashwin C, Wheelwright S, Baron-Cohen S. Laterality biases to chimeric faces in Asperger syndrome: what is 'right' about face-processing? J Autism Dev Disord 2005; 35:183-96. [PMID: 15909405 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-004-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
People show a left visual field (LVF) bias for faces, i.e., involving the right hemisphere of the brain. Lesion and neuroimaging studies confirm the importance of the right-hemisphere and suggest separable neural pathways for processing facial identity vs. emotions. We investigated the hemispheric processing of faces in adults with and without Asperger syndrome (AS) using facial emotion and identity chimeric tasks. Controls showed an LVF bias in both tasks, but no perceptual bias in a non-social control task. The AS group showed an LVF bias during both tasks, however the bias was reduced in the identity condition. Further, the AS group showed an LVF bias in the non-social condition. These results show a differential pattern of hemispheric processing of faces in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ashwin
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Glogau S, Ellgring H, Elger CE, Helmstaedter C. Face and facial expression memory in temporal lobe epilepsy patients: preliminary results. Epilepsy Behav 2004; 5:106-12. [PMID: 14751215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Right temporal lobe structures are involved in face and facial expression processing and in mnestic functions. Face and facial expression memory was investigated in 15 patients with left (LTLE) and 18 patients with right (RTLE) temporal lobe epilepsy as well as 13 healthy controls. Pairs of pictures combining four faces and four emotions had to be matched according to face identity or facial expression. In the memory tasks, the two pictures of a pair were divided by a memory interval of 2000 milliseconds, whereas in the perception tasks (control condition) both pictures were presented simultaneously. RTLE patients had significantly lower scores than healthy controls in face memory. LTLE patients had significantly lower scores than healthy controls in face and facial expression memory. The data confirm impaired face memory in RTLE patients and show that LTLE patients display deficits in face as well as in facial expression memory. Results are discussed according to functional reorganization, memory strategies, perception performance, naming problems, and group characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Glogau
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Face recognition is an essential biologic and social skill. Accurate recognition depends on the ability to encode, store, and retrieve distinct memory representations for the faces of countless individuals encountered in everyday life. In addition, face memory records must be integrated with specific biographic and name information in order to allow the recognition of each person's unique identity. Converging evidence from functional imaging, cortical electrical recording, and neuropsychologic studies suggests that face memory operations in the human brain are mediated by a distributed neural system. Components of this network include specialized memory storage sites within temporal neocortex that interact with medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortical areas during face memory encoding and retrieval. Selective damage to these neuroanatomic regions gives rise to face recognition disorders characterized by memory loss or memory distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Z Rapcsak
- Neurology Section (1-127), Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, 3601 South 6th Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85723, USA.
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36
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Tsukiura T, Namiki M, Fujii T, Iijima T. Time-dependent neural activations related to recognition of people's names in emotional and neutral face-name associative learning:. Neuroimage 2003; 20:784-94. [PMID: 14568451 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2002] [Revised: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 06/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data have indicated that the left anterior temporal lobe contributes to the retrieval of familiar people's names, and that the extended network including the bilateral anterior temporal lobe plays an important role in the retrieval of newly learned people's names. However, there has been no direct evidence for time-dependent change in brain activation in face-name associations. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that emotional information such as emotional faces may contribute to the organization of long-lasting episodic memory. In the present study, we investigated the activations related to the recognition of people's names in the context of emotional and neutral face-name associative learning. Before fMRI scanning, subjects learned face-name associations that included emotionally positive and neutral facial expressions. In immediate (5 min later) and delayed (2 weeks later) recognition with fMRI scanning, subjects were presented with studied faces with two names, and were asked to choose the correct associative name learned previously. Recognition-related activations were identified in the anterior part of bilateral temporal lobe for immediate recognition and only in the left temporal lobe for delayed recognition. Further analysis confirmed the time-dependent change in activation of the right anterior temporal lobe. Activation related to the processing of faces with positive expressions were observed in the left periamygdaloid area and temporal pole, although emotional information did not have an influence on task performance in this study. These findings suggest that the neural network involving the bilateral temporal lobe contributes to the retrieval of newly learned people's names, and that the left temporal lobe has a crucial and stable role in retrieval of people's names from faces, whereas the role of the right temporal lobe in retrieval of people's names may decrease with the time course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsukiura
- Brain Architecture Analysis Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan.
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Abstract
Memory was assessed before and after surgery in 44 children and adolescents with focal epilepsy who underwent either right temporal, left temporal or extra-temporal excisions. Measures included tests of verbal (story recall, and verbal list learning) and visually mediated (recall of a complex design, face recognition) memory. Changes in children's memory from pre- to post-operative assessment were examined and individual differences in outcome were evaluated. Although substantial variability existed in performance, no group differences or post-operative changes were found for measures of verbal memory or design recall. For face recognition, all groups improved after surgery, although children with right temporal resections performed more poorly than the other groups. Finally, with the exception of face recognition, no material-specific effects were observed before or after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Mabbott
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8.
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38
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Zeineh MM, Engel SA, Thompson PM, Bookheimer SY. Dynamics of the hippocampus during encoding and retrieval of face-name pairs. Science 2003; 299:577-80. [PMID: 12543980 DOI: 10.1126/science.1077775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is critical in forming new memories, but how subregions within the MTL carry out encoding and retrieval processes in humans is unknown. Using new high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition and analysis methods, we identified mnemonic properties of different subregions within the hippocampal circuitry as human subjects learned to associate names with faces. The cornu ammonis (CA) fields 2 and 3 and the dentate gyrus were active relative to baseline only during encoding, and this activity decreased as associations were learned. Activity in the subiculum showed the same temporal decline, but primarily during retrieval. Our results demonstrate that subdivisions within the hippocampus make distinct contributions to new memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Zeineh
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA School of Medicine, 660 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7085, USA
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