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Zimmermann N, Pontes M, da Silva Fontana R, D'Andrea Meira I, Fonseca R, Delaere FJ. The modified Ruche visuospatial learning test (RUCHE-M) for the assessment of visuospatial episodic memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Preliminary evidence for the investigation of memory binding. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:412-427. [PMID: 35133219 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Ruche test is a visuospatial form of the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), with initial evidence of utility in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)-related memory disorders. AIMS To present the translation to Brazilian Portuguese and modification of the Ruche test (RUCHE-M) and compare the RUCHE-M and RAVLT performance between patients with right and left TLE. METHODS Twenty-five neuropsychologists participated in instrument adaptation. Thirty-seven patients with right (n = 19) and left (n = 18) TLE participated. Data were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS All specialists considered the final RUCHE-M to be adequate. The RUCHE-M forgetting speed index (FSI) score and several RAVLT scores differed significantly between patients with right and left TLE. CONCLUSION The RUCHE-M showed limited utility for the assessment of visuospatial episodic memory in patients with TLE. The manipulation of memory binding as demonstrated by FSI score seems to be a promising paradigm for the assessment of right hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Zimmermann
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Pontes
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rochele Fonseca
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Wang YL, Chen CC, Chang CP. Effect of stress on the rehabilitation performance of rats with repetitive mild fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injuries. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:283-297. [PMID: 38406191 PMCID: PMC10881937 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown that impaired motor and cognitive function can be improved by physical exercise. However, not each animal with TBI can be well rehabilitated at the same training intensity due to a high inter-subject variability. Hence, this paper presents a two-stage wheel-based mixed-mode rehabilitation mechanism by which the effect of stress on the rehabilitation performance was investigated. The mixed-mode rehabilitation mechanism consists of a two-week adaptive and a one-week voluntary rehabilitation program as Stages 1 and 2, respectively. In Stage 1, the common over and undertraining problem were completely resolved due to the adaptive design, and rats ran voluntarily over a 30-min duration in Stage 2. The training intensity adapted to the physical condition of all the TBI rats at all times in Stage 1, and then the self-motivated running rats were further rehabilitated under the lowest level of stress in Stage 2. For comparison purposes, another group of rats took a 3-week adaptive rehabilitation program. During the 3-week program, the rehabilitation performance of the rats were assessed using modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) and an 8-arm radial maze. Surprisingly, the group taking the mixed mode program turned out to outperform its counterpart in terms of mNSS. The mixed-mode rehabilitation mechanism was validated as an effective and efficient way to help rats restore motor, neurological and cognitive function after TBI. It was validated that the rehabilitation performance can be optimized under the lowest level of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Wang
- Center of General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 710301 Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 41170 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
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Mock N, Balzer C, Gutbrod K, Jäncke L, Wandel J, Bonati L, Trost W. Nonverbal memory tests revisited: Neuroanatomical correlates and differential influence of biasing cognitive functions. Cortex 2023; 164:63-76. [PMID: 37201378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The detection of right temporal lobe dysfunction with nonverbal memory tests has remained difficult in the past. Reasons for this might be the potential influence of other biasing cognitive functions such as executive functions or the verbalisability of nonverbal material. The aim of this study was to investigate three classic nonverbal memory tests by identifying their neuroanatomical correlates with lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) and by probing their independence from verbal encoding abilities and executive functions. In a cohort of 119 patients with first-time cerebrovascular accident, memory performance was assessed in the Nonverbal Learning and Memory Test for Routes (NLMTR), the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), and the Visual Design Learning Test (VDLT). Calculating multivariate LSM, we identified crucial brain structures for these three nonverbal memory tests. Behavioural analyses were performed to assess the impact of executive functions and verbal encoding abilities with regression analyses and likelihood-ratio tests. LSM revealed for the RCFT mainly right-hemispheric frontal, insular, subcortical, and white matter structures and for the NLMTR right-hemispheric temporal (hippocampus), insular, subcortical, and white matter structures. The VDLT did not reach significance in LSM analyses. Behavioural results showed that amongst the three nonverbal memory tests the impact of executive functions was most pronounced for RCFT, and the impact of verbal encoding abilities was most important in VDLT. Likelihood-ratio tests confirmed that only for NLMTR did the goodness of fit not significantly improve by adding executive functions or verbal encoding abilities. These results suggest that amongst the three nonverbal memory tests the NLMTR, as a spatial navigation test, could serve as the most suitable marker of right-hemispheric temporal lobe functioning, with the right hippocampus being involved only in this test. In addition, the behavioural results propose that only NLMTR seems mostly unaffected by executive functions and verbal encoding abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mock
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Klemens Gutbrod
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Neurozentrum Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Wandel
- Institute for Optimisation and Data Analysis, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Leo Bonati
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Research, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Trost
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
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Das A, Menon V. Replicable patterns of causal information flow between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during spatial navigation and spatial-verbal memory formation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5343-5361. [PMID: 35136979 PMCID: PMC9712747 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) play an essential role in both human spatial navigation and episodic memory, but the underlying causal flow of information between these regions across task domains is poorly understood. Here we use intracranial EEG recordings and spectrally resolved phase transfer entropy to investigate information flow during two different virtual spatial navigation and memory encoding/recall tasks and examine replicability of information flow patterns across spatial and verbal memory domains. Information theoretic analysis revealed a higher causal information flow from hippocampus to lateral PFC than in the reverse direction. Crucially, an asymmetric pattern of information flow was observed during memory encoding and recall periods of both spatial navigation tasks. Further analyses revealed frequency specificity of interactions characterized by greater bottom-up information flow from hippocampus to PFC in delta-theta band (0.5-8 Hz); in contrast, top-down information flow from PFC to hippocampus was stronger in beta band (12-30 Hz). Bayesian analysis revealed a high degree of replicability between the two spatial navigation tasks (Bayes factor > 5.46e+3) and across tasks spanning the spatial and verbal memory domains (Bayes factor > 7.32e+8). Our findings identify a domain-independent and replicable frequency-dependent feedback loop engaged during memory formation in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Yan W, Li J, Mi C, Wang W, Xu Z, Xiong W, Tang L, Wang S, Li Y, Wang S. Does global positioning system-based navigation dependency make your sense of direction poor? A psychological assessment and eye-tracking study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:983019. [PMID: 36275274 PMCID: PMC9582945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.983019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGlobal positioning system (GPS)-based navigation apps are very useful in our lives. However, whether and how the usage of these apps affects spatial cognition and the sense of direction is still unclear.MethodsA total of 108 individuals were recruited and completed the GPS dependence, internet gaming behavior, and impulsivity test using scales. The eye-tracking-based general mental rotation (MR) task and target finding (TF; require individuals to find a target specified in a 3D street map in a rotated version of top 2D view map) task were used to assess their spatial cognition and the sense of direction. The correlation was used to relate GPS navigation usage, spatial cognition ability, and impulsivity. Subgroup analyses stratifying by gaming hours of individuals (< 2 h or ≥ 2 h) or maps (countryside or city) in TF task were performed. The moderating and mediating effect analyses were conducted to verify these relationships.ResultsThe GPS dependency score was nominal positively correlated with fixations in the TF task in the entire cohort (r = 0.202, unadjusted p = 0.036); it was significant in city (r = 0.254, p = 0.008) and gaming time of < 2 h (r = 0.459, p = 0.001) subgroups. The high-score (upper 30%) group of GPS dependency had more fixations on the original target building in the training area and indicative building in the test area than the low-score (lower 30%) group. GPS dependency was not associated with the correct rate and reaction time in the TF task or any of the indicators in the MR task (p > 0.05). The GPS dependency mediated the indirect effect of impulsivity on the fixations on TF. The internet gaming time moderated the association between GPS dependency and fixations on TF.ConclusionThe dependency on GPS-based navigation apps was associated with impaired spatial cognition but may not significantly affect the sense of direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Yan
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Li
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Mi
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengjia Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Longxing Tang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Psychology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang,
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Pullano L, Foti F. The Development of Human Navigation in Middle Childhood: A Narrative Review through Methods, Terminology, and Fundamental Stages. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081097. [PMID: 36009160 PMCID: PMC9405715 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial orientation and navigation are fundamental abilities in daily life that develop gradually during childhood, although their development is still not clear. The main aim of the present narrative review was to trace the development of navigational skills in middle childhood (6 to 12 years old) by means of studies present in the literature. To this aim, this review took into account the terminology, methodologies, different paradigms, and apparatuses used to investigate egocentric self-centered and allocentric world-centered representations, besides the different types of spaces (reaching/small/large; physical/virtual). Furthermore, this review provided a brief description of the development of navigational strategies and competences in toddlers and preschool children (0–5 years). The main result of this review showed how middle childhood is a crucial period for the improvement and development of allocentric strategies, including metric information. In fact, during this developmental window, children learn to handle proximal and distal cues, to transpose paper and virtual information into real environments, up to performing similarly to adults. This narrative review could represent a starting point to better clarify the development of navigation and spatial orientation, finalized to trace a development curve useful to map normal development and to have a term of comparison to assess performance in atypical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pullano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Collins A, Saling MM, Wilson SJ, Jackson GD, Tailby C. The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18-45. Front Psychol 2022; 13:860982. [PMID: 35369142 PMCID: PMC8966229 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret is an object-location arbitrary associative learning task. The task was originally developed to evaluate adults with severe amnesia. It is currently used in populations where the memory system either is not yet fully developed or where it has been compromised (e.g. epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, electroconvulsive therapy, cerebrovascular disease and dementia). Normative data have been published for paediatric cohorts and for older adults, however no data exist for the intervening adult years. Method Here, we address this gap, collecting normative data from 101 adults aged 18–45. Results Our data indicate that performance on the Spatial Learning Task is not influenced by age, gender, level of education or overall IQ. Less than 10% of the variance in learning scores is associated with variability in verbal memory. Ninety percent of participants achieved perfect scores on two successive trials (T2Cr) within five or fewer trials on the Spatial Learning Task. A T2Cr score of 6 is suggestive of impairment and a T2Cr score of 7 or more is statistically abnormal. Conclusion These data expand the clinical utility of the Spatial Learning Task in the adult population. Future work should examine performance in lower IQ cohorts, including intellectual disability, and explore sensitivity to disease factors such as laterality of mesial temporal lobe damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Collins
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme D Jackson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Tailby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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Spatial Binding Impairments in Visual Working Memory following Temporal Lobectomy. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0278-21.2022. [PMID: 35168952 PMCID: PMC8906795 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0278-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) adversely affect visual working memory (vWM) performance, including feature binding. It is unclear whether these impairments generalize across visual dimensions or are specifically spatial. To address this issue, we compared performance in two tasks of 13 epilepsy patients, who had undergone a temporal lobectomy, and 15 healthy controls. In the vWM task, participants recalled the color of one of two polygons, previously displayed side by side. At recall, a location or shape probe identified the target. In the perceptual task, participants estimated the centroid of three visible disks. Patients recalled the target color less accurately than healthy controls because they frequently swapped the nontarget with the target color. Moreover, healthy controls and right temporal lobectomy patients made more swap errors following shape than space probes. Left temporal lobectomy patients, showed the opposite pattern of errors instead. Patients and controls performed similarly in the perceptual task. We conclude that left MTL damage impairs spatial binding in vWM, and that this impairment does not reflect a perceptual or attentional deficit.
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Zhang B, Wang F, Zhang Q, Naya Y. Distinct networks coupled with parietal cortex for spatial representations inside and outside the visual field. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119041. [PMID: 35231630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our mental representation of egocentric space is influenced by the disproportionate sensory perception of the body. Previous studies have focused on the neural architecture for egocentric representations within the visual field. However, the space representation underlying the body is still unclear. To address this problem, we applied both functional Magnitude Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) to a spatial-memory paradigm by using a virtual environment in which human participants remembered a target location left, right, or back relative to their own body. Both experiments showed larger involvement of the frontoparietal network in representing a retrieved target on the left/right side than on the back. Conversely, the medial temporal lobe (MTL)-parietal network was more involved in retrieving a target behind the participants. The MEG data showed an earlier activation of the MTL-parietal network than that of the frontoparietal network during retrieval of a target location. These findings suggest that the parietal cortex may represent the entire space around the self-body by coordinating two distinct brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China; Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, 160 Chengfu Rd., SanCaiTang Building, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China; School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, No. 36, Xianqianzhi Street, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yuji Naya
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China; Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, No. 52, Haidian Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100805, China.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:891-903. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yang S, Kong XY, Hu T, Ge YJ, Li XY, Chen JT, He S, Zhang P, Chen GH. Aquaporin-4, Connexin-30, and Connexin-43 as Biomarkers for Decreased Objective Sleep Quality and/or Cognition Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Insomnia Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856867. [PMID: 35401278 PMCID: PMC8989729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine serum concentrations of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), connexin-30 (CX30), connexin-43 (CX43), and their correlations with cognitive function in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). METHODS We enrolled 76 subjects with CID and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography, and mood was evaluated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test. RESULTS The serum levels of AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were significantly reduced in the CID group compared to the HCs. Partial correlation analysis showed that the biomarkers showed no significant correlations with PSQI score, AHI, ODI and TS90, but AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were positively associated with the percentage and total time of slow wave sleep in the CID group. Serum concentrations of AQP4 and CX30 were positively associated with MoCA-C score in the CID group, and AQP4 level negatively correlated with spatial working memory errors. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with CID patients have decreased serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 indicating astrocyte dysfunction, which could be related to poor objective sleep quality and/or cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo He
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bourbon-Teles J, Jorge L, Canário N, Castelo-Branco M. Structural impairments in hippocampal and occipitotemporal networks specifically contribute to decline in place and face category processing but not to other visual object categories in healthy aging. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02127. [PMID: 34184829 PMCID: PMC8413757 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging studies have identified a set of nodes in the occipital-temporal cortex that preferentially respond to faces in comparison with other visual objects. By contrast, the processing of places seems to rely on parahippocampal cortex and structures heavily implicated in memory (e.g., the hippocampus). It has been suggested that human aging leads to decreased neural specialization of core face and place processing areas and impairments in face and place perception. METHODS Using mediation analysis, we tested the potential contribution of micro- and macrostructure within the hippocampal and occipitotemporal systems to age-associated effects in face and place category processing (as measured by 1-back working memory tasks) in 55 healthy adults (age range 23-79 years). To test for specific contributions of the studied structures to face/place processing, we also studied a distinct tract (i.e., the anterior thalamic radiation [ATR]) and cognitive performance for other visual object categories (objects, bodies, and verbal material). Constrained spherical deconvolution-based tractography was used to reconstruct the fornix, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the ATR. Hippocampal volumetric measures were segmented from FSL-FIRST toolbox. RESULTS It was found that age associates with (a) decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix, in right ILF (but not left ILF), and in the ATR (b) reduced volume in the right and left hippocampus and (c) decline in visual object category processing. Importantly, mediation analysis showed that micro- and macrostructural impairments in the fornix and right hippocampus, respectively, associated with age-dependent decline in place processing. Alternatively, microstructural impairments in right hemispheric ILF associated with age-dependent decline in face processing. There were no other mediator effects of micro- and macrostructural variables on age-cognition relationships. CONCLUSION Together, the findings support specific contributions of the fornix and right hippocampus in visuospatial scene processing and of the long-range right hemispheric occipitotemporal network in face category processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bourbon-Teles
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lília Jorge
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nádia Canário
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Assari S, Boyce S, Jovanovic T. Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9-10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050411. [PMID: 34070074 PMCID: PMC8158143 DOI: 10.3390/children8050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9-10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, list sorting working memory, was measured using the NIH toolbox measure. Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, household income, parental education, and family structure were the covariates. RESULTS In the overall sample, larger right (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) and left (b = 0.0013; p < 0.001) hippocampal volumes were associated with higher children's working memory. Sex had statistically significant interactions with the right (b = -0.0018; p = 0.001) and left (b = -0.0012; p = 0.022) hippocampal volumes on children's working memory. These interactions indicated stronger positive associations between right and left hippocampal volume and working memory for females compared to males. CONCLUSION While right and left hippocampal volumes are determinants of children's list sorting working memory, these effects seem to be more salient for female than male children. Research is needed on the role of socialization, sex hormones, and brain functional connectivity as potential mechanisms that may explain the observed sex differences in the role of hippocampal volume as a correlate of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-232-0445; Fax: +1-734-615-873
| | - Shanika Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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14
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Owen B, Bichler E, Benveniste M. Excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal area CA1 is enhanced then reduced as chronic epilepsy progresses. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105343. [PMID: 33753293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines changes in synaptic transmission with progression of the chronic epileptic state. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (P40-45) were injected with either saline or pilocarpine. In rats injected with pilocarpine, status epilepticus ensued. Hippocampal slices were cut 20-60 days or 80-110 days post-treatment. Evoked and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) were recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons using whole-cell voltage-clamp. Fiber volleys were also recorded from stratum radiatum. Evoked EPSCs from the pilocarpine-treated cohort showed enhanced amplitudes 20-60 days post-treatment compared to the saline-treated cohort, whereas mEPSCs recorded from the same age group showed no change in event frequency and a slight but significant decrease in mEPSC amplitude distribution. In contrast, comparing evoked EPSCs and mEPSCs recorded 80-110 days after treatment indicated reduced amplitudes from pilocarpine-treated animals compared to controls. mEPSC inter-event interval decreased. This could be explained by a partial depletion of the ready releasable pool of neurotransmitter vesicles in Schaffer collateral presynaptic terminals of the pilocarpine-treated rats. In both saline- and pilocarpine-treated cohorts, concomitant decreases in mEPSC amplitudes as time after treatment progressed suggest that age-related changes in CA1 circuitry may be partially responsible for changes in synaptic transmission that may influence the chronic epileptic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Owen
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Edyta Bichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Morris Benveniste
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
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15
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Kahana Levy N, Segalovsky J, Benifla M, Elkana O. Quantitative Meta-Analyses: Lateralization of Memory Functions Before and After Surgery in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:535-568. [PMID: 33675457 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Memory deficits in children with epilepsy have been reported in some but not all studies assessing the effects of side of seizures and resection from the temporal lobe on cognitive performance. This meta-analysis provides a quantitative systematic review of previous studies on this issue. METHOD A critical review and meta-analysis of the literature on memory performance in children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) was conducted. Search identified 25 studies, 13 of which compared children with TLE to healthy age-matched controls and 12 of which compared children with TLE before and after surgery. RESULTS Heterogeneity of the comparisons of children with TLE to healthy controls impeded drawing definitive conclusions. However, in 55% of the studies, verbal memory in children with left TLE (LTLE) was impaired as compared to healthy controls. Verbal memory performance slightly declines after pediatric LTLE surgery, but nonverbal memory tasks are not affected. By contrast, verbal memory performance is not affected by pediatric right TLE (RTLE) surgery. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that side of the epileptogenic zone and resection from the temporal lobe affect verbal memory in children with LTLE. Right resection seems to be safe with respect to verbal memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kahana Levy
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jonathan Segalovsky
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Jaffa, P.O.B. 8401, 61083, Tel-Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Mony Benifla
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Odelia Elkana
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Jaffa, P.O.B. 8401, 61083, Tel-Aviv-Jaffa, Israel.
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16
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Baumann O, Mattingley JB. Extrahippocampal contributions to spatial navigation in humans: A review of the neuroimaging evidence. Hippocampus 2021; 31:640-657. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baumann
- School of Psychology Bond University Robina Queensland Australia
| | - Jason B. Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Toronto Ontario Canada
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17
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Hayward GC, Baranowski BJ, Marko DM, MacPherson REK. Examining the effects of ovarian hormone loss and diet-induced obesity on Alzheimer's disease markers of amyloid-β production and degradation. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1068-1078. [PMID: 33534663 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00489.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After menopause, women experience declines in ovarian sex hormones, an event that has recently been associated with increased amyloid-β peptides, a main feature of Alzheimer's disease. Diet-induced insulin resistance also increases amyloid-β peptides; however, whether this process is exacerbated with ovarian sex hormone loss remains unknown. Female C57BL6/J mice received either bilateral ovariectomy (OVX; n = 20) or remained intact (n = 20) at 24 wk of age and were placed on either a low- or high-fat diet (LFD, n = 10 for OVX and intact; HFD, n = 10 for OVX and intact) for 10 wk. Independently, OVX led to increases in the amyloidogenic marker, soluble amyloid precursor protein β (sAPPβ). The HFD in combination with OVX led to lower insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) protein content and activity in the prefrontal cortex, indicative of decreased amyloid-β degradation; however, no differences in amyloid-β content were observed. Data from this study provide novel evidence of independent effects of peripheral insulin resistance and ovarian sex hormone loss in decreasing brain markers of amyloid-β degradation. Furthermore, findings indicate how the loss of ovarian sex hormones can promote the formation of amyloidogenic APP cleavage products, independent of diet-induced insulin resistance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides novel insight into the effect of peripheral insulin resistance and ovarian hormone loss in decreasing brain markers of amyloid-β degradation. Results demonstrate that ovarian hormone loss through ovariectomy increased the amyloidogenic marker, sAPPβ, while the high-fat diet in combination with ovariectomy led to lower IDE protein content and activity in the prefrontal cortex, indicative of decreased amyloid-β degradation. These original results provide important information for future targets in early AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Hayward
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel M Marko
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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18
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He S, Chen XX, Ge W, Yang S, Chen JT, Niu JW, Xia L, Chen GH. Are Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Insomnia Comorbid with Depression? A Pilot Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:989-1000. [PMID: 34234602 PMCID: PMC8254552 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s312272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To distinguish insomnia comorbid with depression (ICD) from chronic insomnia disorder (CID) by exploring the relationship between serum levels of frequently overlooked anti-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive function. METHODS A total of 42 ICD patients, 63 CID patients, and 42 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to assess sleep quality and depression severity, respectively. The Chinese-Beijing version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA-C) and Nine-Box Maze Test (NBMT) were used to assess cognitive function. Serum levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-28A), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, and the chemokine regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The ICD group had significantly more errors in the spatial reference task (H=2.55, Ps=0.03) and spatial working memory task (H=5.67, Ps<0.01) of the NBMT, as well as lower levels of IL-1RA (H=-2.85, Ps=0.01), IL-4 (H=-3.28, Ps<0.01), IL-5 (H=-3.35, Ps<0.01), IL-10 (H=-4.46, Ps<0.01), and IL-28A (H=-2.75, Ps=0.02) than control subjects. Compared with the CID group, the ICD group had significantly more errors in the spatial reference memory task (H=-2.84, Ps=0.01) of the NBMT, and lower levels of IL-5 (H=3.41, Ps<0.01), IL-10 (H=5.30, Ps<0.01), IL-13 (H=3.89, Ps<0.01), and GM-CSF (H=2.72, Ps=0.02). A partial correlation analysis showed that the level of one or more of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β1 was positively correlated with cognitive function (MoCA-C score and/or performance in spatial memory task) in ICD patients. CONCLUSION ICD is a distinct condition that can be distinguished from CID based on immune dysfunction and specific types of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo He
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Niu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (Chaohu), 238000, People's Republic of China
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19
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Porcu M, Operamolla A, Scapin E, Garofalo P, Destro F, Caneglias A, Suri JS, Falini A, Defazio G, Marrosu F, Saba L. Effects of White Matter Hyperintensities on Brain Connectivity and Hippocampal Volume in Healthy Subjects According to Their Localization. Brain Connect 2020; 10:436-447. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annunziata Operamolla
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Scapin
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Garofalo
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Destro
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caneglias
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™ LLC, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Marrosu
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™ LLC, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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20
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Zhang B, Naya Y. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Represents the Object-Based Cognitive Map When Remembering an Egocentric Target Location. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5356-5371. [PMID: 32483594 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A cognitive map, representing an environment around oneself, is necessary for spatial navigation. However, compared with its constituent elements such as individual landmarks, neural substrates of coherent spatial information, which consists in a relationship among the individual elements, remain largely unknown. The present study investigated how the brain codes map-like representations in a virtual environment specified by the relative positions of three objects. Representational similarity analysis revealed an object-based spatial representation in the hippocampus (HPC) when participants located themselves within the environment, while the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represented it when they recollected a target object's location relative to their self-body. During recollection, task-dependent functional connectivity increased between the two areas implying exchange of self-location and target location signals between the HPC and mPFC. Together, the object-based cognitive map, whose coherent spatial information could be formed by objects, may be recruited in the HPC and mPFC for complementary functions during navigation, which may generalize to other aspects of cognition, such as navigating social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100805, China
| | - Yuji Naya
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100805, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100805, China.,Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100805, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100805, China
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21
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Sakimoto Y, Mizuno J, Kida H, Kamiya Y, Ono Y, Mitsushima D. Learning Promotes Subfield-Specific Synaptic Diversity in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2183-2195. [PMID: 30796817 PMCID: PMC6459007 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is functionally heterogeneous between the dorsal and ventral subfields with left–right asymmetry. To determine the possible location of contextual memory, we performed an inhibitory avoidance task to analyze synaptic plasticity using slice patch-clamp technique. The training bilaterally increased the AMPA/NMDA ratio at dorsal CA3–CA1 synapses, whereas the training did not affect the ratio at ventral CA3–CA1 synapses regardless of the hemisphere. Moreover, sequential recording of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents from the same CA1 neuron clearly showed learning-induced synaptic plasticity. In dorsal CA1 neurons, the training dramatically strengthened both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses in both hemispheres, whereas the training did not promote the plasticity in either hemisphere in ventral CA1 neurons. Nonstationary fluctuation analysis further revealed that the training bilaterally increased the number of AMPA or GABAA receptor channels at dorsal CA1 synapses, but not at ventral CA1 synapses, suggesting functional heterogeneity of learning-induced receptor mobility. Finally, the performance clearly impaired by the bilateral microinjection of plasticity blockers in dorsal, but not ventral CA1 subfields, suggesting a crucial role for contextual learning. The quantification of synaptic diversity in specified CA1 subfields may help us to diagnose and evaluate cognitive disorders at the information level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakimoto
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - H Kida
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Y Kamiya
- Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Ono
- Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, Meiji University School of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Mitsushima
- Department of Physiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan.,The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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22
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The lateralization of left hippocampal CA3 during the retrieval of spatial working memory. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2901. [PMID: 32518226 PMCID: PMC7283476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal CA3 contributes to spatial working memory (SWM), but which stage of SWM the CA3 neurons act on and whether the lateralization of CA3 function occurs in SWM is also unknown. Here, we reveal increased neural activity in both sample and choice phases of SWM. Left CA3 (LCA3) neurons show higher sensitivity in the choice phase during the correct versus error trials compared with right CA3 (RCA3) neurons. LCA3 initiates firing prior to RCA3 in the choice phase. Optogenetic suppression of pyramidal neurons in LCA3 disrupts SWM only in the choice phase. Furthermore, we discover that parvalbumin (PV) neurons, rather than cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (DB were cholinergic neurons), can project directly to unilateral CA3. Selective suppression of PV neurons in the MS projecting to LCA3 impairs SWM. The findings suggest that MSPV-LCA3 projection plays a crucial role in manipulating the lateralization of LCA3 in the retrieval of SWM. The CA3 region of the hippocampus is involved in spatial working memory. Here, the authors show that neurons in the left CA3 are more active in the choice phase of correct trials of spatial working memory than neurons in the right CA3, revealing lateralization of spatial working memory.
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23
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Gauthier B, Prabhu P, Kotegar KA, van Wassenhove V. Hippocampal Contribution to Ordinal Psychological Time in the Human Brain. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:2071-2086. [PMID: 32459130 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronology of events in time-space is naturally available to the senses, and the spatial and temporal dimensions of events entangle in episodic memory when navigating the real world. The mapping of time-space during navigation in both animals and humans implicates the hippocampal formation. Yet, one arguably unique human trait is the capacity to imagine mental chronologies that have not been experienced but may involve real events-the foundation of causal reasoning. Herein, we asked whether the hippocampal formation is involved in mental navigation in time (and space), which requires internal manipulations of events in time and space from an egocentric perspective. To address this question, we reanalyzed a magnetoencephalography data set collected while participants self-projected in time or in space and ordered historical events as occurring before/after or west/east of the mental self [Gauthier, B., Pestke, K., & van Wassenhove, V. Building the arrow of time… Over time: A sequence of brain activity mapping imagined events in time and space. Cerebral Cortex, 29, 4398-4414, 2019]. Because of the limitations of source reconstruction algorithms in the previous study, the implication of hippocampus proper could not be explored. Here, we used a source reconstruction method accounting explicitly for the hippocampal volume to characterize the involvement of deep structures belonging to the hippocampal formation (bilateral hippocampi [hippocampi proper], entorhinal cortices, and parahippocampal cortex). We found selective involvement of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) with a notable lateralization of the main effects: Whereas temporal ordinality engaged mostly the left MTL, spatial ordinality engaged mostly the right MTL. We discuss the possibility of a top-down control of activity in the human hippocampal formation during mental time (and space) travels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Prabhu
- Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education
| | | | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- CEA, INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
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24
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Simmatis LER, Jin AY, Keiski M, Lomax LB, Scott SH, Winston GP. Assessing various sensorimotor and cognitive functions in people with epilepsy is feasible with robotics. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106859. [PMID: 31918991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, along with comorbid cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Current gold standards of assessment can quantify cognitive and motor performance, but may not capture all subtleties of behavior. Here, we study the feasibility of assessing various upper limb sensorimotor and cognition functions in people with epilepsy using the Kinarm robotic assessment system. We quantify performance across multiple behavioral domains and additionally consider the possible effects of epilepsy subtype and medication. METHODS We recruited individuals with a variety of epilepsy subtypes. Participants performed 8 behavioral tasks that tested motor, cognitive, and sensory domains. We collected data on the same tasks from a group of control participants that had no known neurological impairments. We quantified performance using Task Scores, which provide a composite measure of overall performance on a given task and are adjusted for age, sex, and handedness. RESULTS We collected data from 46 individuals with epilepsy and 92 control participants. The assessment was well-tolerated, with no adverse events recorded. Cognitive tasks testing spatial working memory, executive function, and motor response inhibition were the most frequently impaired in the epilepsy cohort, with 33/46 (72%) being outside the normal range on at least one of these tasks. Additionally, 29/46 (63%) were impaired on at least one task testing primarily motor skill, and 14/46 (30%) were impaired on a proprioceptive sensory task. People with either focal epilepsy or generalized epilepsy performed significantly worse on both motor and cognitive tasks than control participants after correcting for multiple comparisons. There were no statistical differences between generalized and focal epilepsy groups on Task Scores. Finally, individuals taking topiramate trended toward having worse performance on a spatial working memory task than other individuals with epilepsy who were not taking topiramate. CONCLUSIONS Kinarm robotic assessment is feasible in individuals with epilepsy and is well-tolerated. Our robotic paradigm can detect impairments in various sensorimotor and cognitive functions across the population with epilepsy. Future studies will explore the role of epilepsy subtype and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif E R Simmatis
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Albert Y Jin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Etherington Hall, 94 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Michelle Keiski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Etherington Hall, 94 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Lysa B Lomax
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Etherington Hall, 94 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Etherington Hall, 94 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Kingston Health Sciences Centre, 76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Avila JA, Kiprowska M, Jean-Louis T, Rockwell P, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Serrano PA. PACAP27 mitigates an age-dependent hippocampal vulnerability to PGJ2-induced spatial learning deficits and neuroinflammation in mice. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01465. [PMID: 31769222 PMCID: PMC6955932 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the brain is mediated by the cyclooxygenase pathway, which leads to the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin (PG) D2, the most abundant PG in the brain, increases under pathological conditions and is spontaneously metabolized to PGJ2. PGJ2 is highly neurotoxic, with the potential to transition neuroinflammation into a chronic state and contribute to neurodegeneration as seen in many neurological diseases. Conversely, PACAP27 is a lipophilic peptide that raises intracellular cAMP and is an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of PACAP27 to counter the behavioral and neurotoxic effects of PGJ2 observed in aged subjects. METHODS PGJ2 was injected bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 region of 53-week-old and 12-week-old C57BL/6N male mice, once per week over 3 weeks (three total infusions) and included co-infusions of PACAP27 within respective treatment groups. Our behavioral assessments looked at spatial learning and memory performance on the 8-arm radial maze, followed by histological analyses of fixed hippocampal tissue using Fluoro-Jade C and fluorescent immunohistochemistry focused on IBA-1 microglia. RESULTS Aged mice treated with PGJ2 exhibited spatial learning and long-term memory deficits, as well as neurodegeneration in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Aged mice that received co-infusions of PACAP27 exhibited remediated learning and memory performance and decreased neurodegeneration in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Moreover, microglial activation in the CA3 region was also reduced in aged mice cotreated with PACAP27. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that PGJ2 can produce a retrograde spread of damage not observed in PGJ2-treated young mice, leading to age-dependent neurodegeneration of hippocampal neurons producing learning and memory deficits. PACAP27 can remediate the behavioral and neurodegenerative effects that PGJ2 produces in aged subjects. Targeting specific neurotoxic prostaglandins, such as PGJ2, offers great promise as a new therapeutic strategy downstream of cyclooxygenases, to combat the neuronal deficits induced by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Avila
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Kiprowska
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teneka Jean-Louis
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang P, Li YX, Zhang ZZ, Yang Y, Rao JX, Xia L, Li XY, Chen GH, Wang F. Astroglial Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Insomnia Disorder: A Clinical Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:693-704. [PMID: 33117005 PMCID: PMC7549496 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s263528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate whether the serum biomarkers S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) change in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID), and if this is the case, whether the altered levels of these serum biomarkers are associated with poor sleep quality and cognitive decline in CID. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven CID outpatients constituted the CID group; thirty healthy controls (HC) were also enrolled. Questionnaires, polysomnography, Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test (NBMT) were used to assess their sleep and neuropsychological function. Serum S100B, GFAP, BDNF, and GDNF were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The CID group had higher levels of S100B and GFAP and lower levels of BDNF and GDNF than the HC group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that poor sleep quality, assessed by subjective and objective measures, was positively correlated with S100B level and negatively correlated with BDNF level. GFAP level correlated positively with poor subjective sleep quality. Moreover, S100B and GFAP levels correlated negatively with general cognitive function assessed using MoCA-C. GFAP level correlated positively with poor spatial working memory (SWM) in the NBMT; BDNF level was linked to poor SWM and object recognition memory (ORcM) in the NBMT. However, principal component analysis revealed that serum S100B level was positively linked to the errors in object working memories, BDNF and GDNF concentrations were negatively linked with errors in ORcM, and GFAP concentration was positively correlated with the errors in the SWM and spatial reference memories. CONCLUSION Serum S100B, GFAP, BDNF, and GDNF levels were altered in patients with CID, indicating astrocyte damage, and were associated with insomnia severity or/and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xue Li
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xian Rao
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
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Computing distance information from landmarks and self-motion cues - Differential contributions of anterior-lateral vs. posterior-medial entorhinal cortex in humans. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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28
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Kargar M, Askari S, Khoshaman A, Mohammadi A. Differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder from normal subjects using virtual reality. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:378-386. [PMID: 30682560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of allocentric and egocentric memories is one of the core features of psychiatric disorders. There are a few navigational studies on these memories in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, but studies in schizoaffective disorder are lacking. Here, we aim to explore allocentric and egocentric navigation deficits in these subjects using our advanced recently developed virtual reality navigation task (VRNT). Twenty patients with schizophrenia and 20 with schizoaffective disorder were compared with 20 normal volunteer subjects on VRNTs consisting of a virtual neighbourhood (allocentric memory) and a virtual maze (egocentric memory). Compared with schizoaffective disorder and control subjects, patients with schizophrenia had the worst performance on both virtual neighbourhood and virtual maze tasks. The allocentric memory in both patients with schizophrenia and those with schizoaffective disorder was more impaired than the egocentric memory (p ˂ 0.001). However, the patients with schizoaffective disorder performed better in egocentric memory than those with schizophrenia, as they had fewer errors in the virtual maze. It was concluded that allocentric memory is more impaired than egocentric in both schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia patients, whereas patients with schizoaffective disorder performed better in egocentric memory than patients with schizophrenia. It was also concluded that allocentric memory deficits can help differentiate patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder from healthy participants, whereas egocentric memory deficits can be used to distinguish them from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kargar
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Askari
- Department of Urban Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Spatial memory in Huntington’s disease: A comparative review of human and animal data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:194-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Miller J, Watrous AJ, Tsitsiklis M, Lee SA, Sheth SA, Schevon CA, Smith EH, Sperling MR, Sharan A, Asadi-Pooya AA, Worrell GA, Meisenhelter S, Inman CS, Davis KA, Lega B, Wanda PA, Das SR, Stein JM, Gorniak R, Jacobs J. Lateralized hippocampal oscillations underlie distinct aspects of human spatial memory and navigation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2423. [PMID: 29930307 PMCID: PMC6013427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a vital role in various aspects of cognition including both memory and spatial navigation. To understand electrophysiologically how the hippocampus supports these processes, we recorded intracranial electroencephalographic activity from 46 neurosurgical patients as they performed a spatial memory task. We measure signals from multiple brain regions, including both left and right hippocampi, and we use spectral analysis to identify oscillatory patterns related to memory encoding and navigation. We show that in the left but not right hippocampus, the amplitude of oscillations in the 1–3-Hz “low theta” band increases when viewing subsequently remembered object–location pairs. In contrast, in the right but not left hippocampus, low-theta activity increases during periods of navigation. The frequencies of these hippocampal signals are slower than task-related signals in the neocortex. These results suggest that the human brain includes multiple lateralized oscillatory networks that support different aspects of cognition. Theta oscillations are implicated in memory formation. Here, the authors show that low-theta oscillations in the hippocampus are differentially modulated between each hemisphere, with oscillations in the left increasing when successfully learning object–location pairs and in the right during spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J Watrous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melina Tsitsiklis
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, 10027, NY, USA
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA.,Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348, Iran
| | | | - Stephen Meisenhelter
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
| | - Cory S Inman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Lega
- University of Texas-Southwestern, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Wanda
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Richard Gorniak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, 19107, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Zhang P, Tan CW, Chen GH, Ge YJ, Xu J, Xia L, Wang F, Li XY, Kong XY. Patients with chronic insomnia disorder have increased serum levels of neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase and S100B: does organic brain damage exist? Sleep Med 2018; 48:163-171. [PMID: 29957487 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum levels of neurofilaments heavy chain (NfH) and light chain (NfL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B): (1) change, (2) alleviate in post-therapy and (3) are associated with sleep quality and cognitive dysfunction, in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). METHODS Forty CID outpatients constituted free-therapy group (ft-CID), in which twenty-four patients completed follow-up after six-month treatment to form re-visiting group (rv-CID), and twenty healthy good sleepers constituted control group (HC). All subjects completed questionnaires, polysomnography, Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test (NBMT) to assess sleep and neuropsychological function. The serum levels of NfH, NfL, NSE and S100B were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The ft-CID had higher levels of NfH, NfL, NSE and S100B than the HC. Of note, the levels of NfH, NfL and NSE were significantly reduced in the rv-CID compared to the ft-CID, but not the level of S100B. Principal components analysis revealed that in these serum biomarkers, NfL and S100B had a substantial correlation with subjective and objective sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS The CID patients had elevated serum levels of NfH, NfL, NSE and S100B, indicating existence of damaged brain microstructure, including neurons, astrocytes and neuronal terminals, which were associated with the insomniac severity or/and cognitive dysfunction and could significantly reduce after effective therapy apart from the S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Tan
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Sleep Disorders or Psychiatry or Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Hefei, 238000, China
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32
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Geng F, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Black MM, Riggins T. Long-term effects of prenatal drug exposure on the neural correlates of memory at encoding and retrieval. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 65:70-77. [PMID: 29107754 PMCID: PMC5803433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine what stage of memory (encoding or retrieval) may be compromised in adolescents with a history of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and how the effects of PDE on memory ability are substantiated at the neural level. To achieve this goal, we examined memory performance and associated brain activations in adolescents with and without a history of PDE via event-related fMRI during encoding and retrieval. Consistent with previous studies, we found that PDE subjects remembered fewer items than community comparison subjects. However, there were no differences in behavior after adjusting for correct rejections (i.e., d'). Novel extensions of previous work are findings that PDE is associated with changes in brain activation during memory encoding but not during retrieval. These results suggest that less optimal memory performance often observed in adolescents with a history of PDE may result from variations in encoding rather than retrieval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengji Geng
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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33
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Colnaghi S, Beltrami G, Poloni G, Pichiecchio A, Bastianello S, Galimberti CA, Versino M. Parahippocampal Involvement in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Proof of Concept from Memory-Guided Saccades. Front Neurol 2017; 8:595. [PMID: 29163352 PMCID: PMC5681931 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) may involve extrahippocampal areas of structural damage and dysfunction. The accuracy of medium-term spatial memory can be tested by memory-guided saccades (MGS) to evaluate a functional impairment of the parahippocampal cortex (PHC), while voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis can be used to detect a structural damage of the latter region. Methods MGS with 3- and 30-s memorization delays were compared between 7 patients affected by right MTLE-HS (r-MTLE-HS), 6 patients affected by left MTLE-HS, and 13 healthy controls. The same subjects underwent brain MRI for a VBM analysis. Correlation analysis was performed between the results of VBM and MGS and with patients’ clinical data. Results Right MTLE-HS patients showed impaired accuracy of leftward MGS with a 30-s memorization delay; their gray-matter volume was reduced in the right hippocampus and inferior temporal gyrus, and bilaterally in the cerebellum. Left MTLE-HS patients had normal MGS accuracy; their gray-matter volume was reduced in the left hippocampus, in the right-inferior temporal gyrus and corpus callosus, and bilaterally in the insular cortex and in the cerebellum. The difference between right and left parahippocampal volumes correlated with MGS accuracy, while right and left hippocampal volumes did not. Hippocampal and parahippocampal volume did not correlate with clinical variables such as febrile seizures, age at disease onset, disease duration, and seizure frequency. Conclusion MGS abnormalities suggested the functional involvement of the right PHC in patients with r-MTLE-HS, supporting a right lateralization of spatial memory control and showing a relation between functional impairment and degree of atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Colnaghi
- Laboratory of Neuro-otology and Neuro-ophtalmology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Beltrami
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guy Poloni
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Andrea Galimberti
- Epilepsy Centre, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Versino
- Laboratory of Neuro-otology and Neuro-ophtalmology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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34
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Mohammadi A, Hesami E, Kargar M, Shams J. Detecting allocentric and egocentric navigation deficits in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using virtual reality. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 28:398-415. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1369888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hesami
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Kargar
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Salgado-Pineda P, Landin-Romero R, Pomes A, Spanlang B, Sarró S, Salvador R, Slater M, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E. Patterns of activation and de-activation associated with cue-guided spatial navigation: A whole-brain, voxel-based study. Neuroscience 2017; 358:70-78. [PMID: 28663090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging studies have implicated the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in cue-guided spatial navigation, but also many other regions. Furthermore, little is known about de-activations that take place during performance of navigation tasks, something that is of interest given that the hippocampus is a component of the default mode network, which de-activates during attention-demanding tasks. In this study 22 healthy subjects underwent whole-brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while they navigated toward a previously learned goal in a virtual reality environment. At a threshold of p<0.05 corrected, the subjects showed a pattern of widespread cortical activations, including the parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex and also parts of the frontal, temporal and occipital cortex. Hippocampal activation, however, was restricted to the posterior portion of the structure bilaterally. De-activations were seen in the medial frontal cortex and other regions of the default mode network, but not in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. The findings support the involvement of the hippocampus in cue-guided navigation, but suggest that its posterior regions are particularly important. Cue-guided spatial navigation is associated with de-activation in some but not all parts of the default mode network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | | | - Ausias Pomes
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Spanlang
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Mel Slater
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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36
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Jacobs J, Miller J, Lee SA, Coffey T, Watrous AJ, Sperling MR, Sharan A, Worrell G, Berry B, Lega B, Jobst BC, Davis K, Gross RE, Sheth SA, Ezzyat Y, Das SR, Stein J, Gorniak R, Kahana MJ, Rizzuto DS. Direct Electrical Stimulation of the Human Entorhinal Region and Hippocampus Impairs Memory. Neuron 2017; 92:983-990. [PMID: 27930911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise for treating a range of brain disorders and neurological conditions. One recent study showed that DBS in the entorhinal region improved the accuracy of human spatial memory. Based on this line of work, we performed a series of experiments to more fully characterize the effects of DBS in the medial temporal lobe on human memory. Neurosurgical patients with implanted electrodes performed spatial and verbal-episodic memory tasks. During the encoding periods of both tasks, subjects received electrical stimulation at 50 Hz. In contrast to earlier work, electrical stimulation impaired memory performance significantly in both spatial and verbal tasks. Stimulation in both the entorhinal region and hippocampus caused decreased memory performance. These findings indicate that the entorhinal region and hippocampus are causally involved in human memory and suggest that refined methods are needed to use DBS in these regions to improve memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Tom Coffey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Watrous
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Ashwini Sharan
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | - Bradley Lega
- University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Barbara C Jobst
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Youssef Ezzyat
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joel Stein
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel S Rizzuto
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lin JJ, Rugg MD, Das S, Stein J, Rizzuto DS, Kahana MJ, Lega BC. Theta band power increases in the posterior hippocampus predict successful episodic memory encoding in humans. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1040-1053. [PMID: 28608960 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional differences in the anterior and posterior hippocampus during episodic memory processing have not been examined in human electrophysiological data. This is in spite of strong evidence for such differences in rodent data, including greater place cell specificity in the dorsal hippocampus, greater sensitivity to the aversive or motivational content of memories in ventral regions, connectivity analyses identifying preferential ventral hippocampal connections with the amygdala, and gene expression analyses identifying a dorsal-ventral gradient. We asked if memory-related oscillatory patterns observed in human hippocampal recordings, including the gamma band and slow-theta (2.5-5 Hz) subsequent memory effects, would exhibit differences along the longitudinal axis and between hemispheres. We took advantage of a new dataset of stereo electroencephalography patients with simultaneous, robotically targeted anterior, and posterior hippocampal electrodes to directly compare oscillatory subsequent memory effects during item encoding. This same data set allowed us to examine left-right connectivity and hemispheric differences in hippocampal oscillatory patterns. Our data suggest that a power increase during successful item encoding in the 2.5-5 Hz slow-theta frequency range preferentially occurs in the posterior hippocampus during the first 1,000 ms after item presentation, while a gamma band power increase is stronger in the dominant hemisphere. This dominant-nondominant pattern in the gamma range appears to reverse during item retrieval, however. Intrahippocampal phase coherence was found to be stronger during successful item encoding. Our phase coherence data are also consistent with existing reports of a traveling wave for theta oscillations propagating along the septotemporal (longitudinal) axis of the human hippocampus. We examine how our findings fit with theories of functional specialization along the hippocampal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390
| | - Sandhitsu Das
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Joel Stein
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Daniel S Rizzuto
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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Functional organization of the medial temporal lobe memory system following neonatal hippocampal lesion in rhesus monkeys. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3899-3914. [PMID: 28488186 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal damage in adult humans impairs episodic and semantic memory, whereas hippocampal damage early in life impairs episodic memory but leaves semantic learning relatively preserved. We have previously shown a similar behavioral dissociation in nonhuman primates. Hippocampal lesion in adult monkeys prevents allocentric spatial relational learning, whereas spatial learning persists following neonatal lesion. Here, we quantified the number of cells expressing the immediate-early gene c-fos, a marker of neuronal activity, to characterize the functional organization of the medial temporal lobe memory system following neonatal hippocampal lesion. Ninety minutes before brain collection, three control and four adult monkeys with bilateral neonatal hippocampal lesions explored a novel environment to activate brain structures involved in spatial learning. Three other adult monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions remained in their housing quarters. In unlesioned monkeys, we found high levels of c-fos expression in the intermediate and caudal regions of the entorhinal cortex, and in the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and retrosplenial cortices. In lesioned monkeys, spatial exploration induced an increase in c-fos expression in the intermediate field of the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and retrosplenial cortices, but not in the caudal entorhinal cortex. These findings suggest that different regions of the medial temporal lobe memory system may require different types of interaction with the hippocampus in support of memory. The caudal perirhinal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex may contribute to spatial learning in the absence of functional hippocampal circuits, whereas the caudal entorhinal cortex may require hippocampal output to support spatial learning.
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Qu P, Yu JX, Xia L, Chen GH. Cognitive Performance and the Alteration of Neuroendocrine Hormones in Chronic Tension-Type Headache. Pain Pract 2017; 18:8-17. [PMID: 28339138 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qu
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Department of Neurology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jin-Xia Yu
- Official Hospital of the People's Government; Hefei Anhui Province China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Departments of Neurology and General Practice; The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Psychologic Medical Center of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
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Zhu B, Chen C, Dang X, Dong Q, Lin C. Hippocampal subfields' volumes are more relevant to fluid intelligence than verbal working memory. INTELLIGENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Villalobos C, Maldonado PE, Valdés JL. Asynchronous ripple oscillations between left and right hippocampi during slow-wave sleep. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171304. [PMID: 28158285 PMCID: PMC5291648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial memory, among many other brain processes, shows hemispheric lateralization. Most of the published evidence suggests that the right hippocampus plays a leading role in the manipulation of spatial information. Concurrently in the hippocampus, memory consolidation during sleep periods is one of the key steps in the formation of newly acquired spatial memory traces. One of the most characteristic oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus are sharp-wave ripple (SWR) complexes. Within this complex, fast-field oscillations or ripples have been demonstrated to be instrumental in the memory consolidation process. Since these ripples are relevant for the consolidation of memory traces associated with spatial navigation, and this process appears to be lateralized, we hypothesize that ripple events between both hippocampi would exhibit different temporal dynamics. We tested this idea by using a modified "split-hyperdrive" that allows us to record simultaneous LFPs from both right and left hippocampi of Sprague-Dawley rats during sleep. We detected individual events and found that during sleep periods these ripples exhibited a different occurrence patterns between hemispheres. Most ripple events were synchronous between intra- rather than inter-hemispherical recordings, suggesting that ripples in the hippocampus are independently generated and locally propagated within a specific hemisphere. In this study, we propose the ripples’ lack of synchrony between left and right hippocampi as the putative physiological mechanism underlying lateralization of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Villalobos
- Programa Disciplinario de Fisiología y Biofísica, I.C.B.M., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute. Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E. Maldonado
- Programa Disciplinario de Fisiología y Biofísica, I.C.B.M., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute. Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (PEM); (JLV)
| | - José L. Valdés
- Programa Disciplinario de Fisiología y Biofísica, I.C.B.M., Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute. Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (PEM); (JLV)
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Kaplan R, King J, Koster R, Penny WD, Burgess N, Friston KJ. The Neural Representation of Prospective Choice during Spatial Planning and Decisions. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002588. [PMID: 28081125 PMCID: PMC5231323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We are remarkably adept at inferring the consequences of our actions, yet the neuronal mechanisms that allow us to plan a sequence of novel choices remain unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how the human brain plans the shortest path to a goal in novel mazes with one (shallow maze) or two (deep maze) choice points. We observed two distinct anterior prefrontal responses to demanding choices at the second choice point: one in rostrodorsal medial prefrontal cortex (rd-mPFC)/superior frontal gyrus (SFG) that was also sensitive to (deactivated by) demanding initial choices and another in lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC), which was only engaged by demanding choices at the second choice point. Furthermore, we identified hippocampal responses during planning that correlated with subsequent choice accuracy and response time, particularly in mazes affording sequential choices. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses showed that coupling between the hippocampus and rd-mPFC increases during sequential (deep versus shallow) planning and is higher before correct versus incorrect choices. In short, using a naturalistic spatial planning paradigm, we reveal how the human brain represents sequential choices during planning without extensive training. Our data highlight a network centred on the cortical midline and hippocampus that allows us to make prospective choices while maintaining initial choices during planning in novel environments. Using neuroimaging and computational modelling, this study explains how the human brain represents initial versus subsequent choices during spatial planning in novel environments. We are remarkably adept at inferring the consequences of our actions, even in novel situations. However, the neuronal mechanisms that allow us to plan a sequence of novel choices remain a mystery. One hypothesis is that anterior prefrontal brain regions can jump ahead from an initial decision to evaluate subsequent choices. Here, we examine how the brain represents initial versus subsequent choices of varying difficulty during spatial planning in novel environments. Specifically, participants visually searched for the shortest path to a goal in pictures of novel mazes that contained one or two path junctions. We monitored the participants’ brain activity during the task with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We observed, in the anterior prefrontal brain, two distinct responses to demanding choices at the second junction: one in the rostrodorsal medial prefrontal cortex (rd-mPFC), which also signalled less demanding initial choices, and another one in the lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC), which was only engaged by demanding choices at the second junction. Notably, interactions of the rd-mPFC with the hippocampus, a region associated with memory, increased when planning required extensive deliberation and particularly when planning led to accurate choices. Our findings show how humans can rapidly formulate a plan in novel environments. More broadly, these data uncover potential neural mechanisms underlying how we make inferences about states beyond a current subjective state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Kaplan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John King
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Koster
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Penny
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Burgess
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Farrell JS, Wolff MD, Teskey GC. Neurodegeneration and Pathology in Epilepsy: Clinical and Basic Perspectives. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 15:317-334. [PMID: 28674987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly associated with a number of neurodegenerative and pathological alterations in those areas of the brain that are involved in repeated electrographic seizures. These most prominently include neuron loss and an increase in astrocyte number and size but may also include enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability, the formation of new capillaries, axonal sprouting, and central inflammation. In animal models in which seizures are either repeatedly elicited or are self-generated, a similar set of neurodegenerative and pathological alterations in brain anatomy are observed. The primary causal agent responsible for these alterations may be the cascade of events that follow a seizure and lead to an hypoperfusion/hypoxic episode. While epilepsy has long and correctly been considered an electrical disorder, the vascular system likely plays an important causal role in the neurodegeneration and pathology that occur as a consequence of repeated seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Farrell
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marshal D Wolff
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Network Patterns Associated with Navigation Behaviors Are Altered in Aged Nonhuman Primates. J Neurosci 2016; 36:12217-12227. [PMID: 27903730 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4116-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to navigate through space involves complex interactions between multiple brain systems. Although it is clear that spatial navigation is impaired during aging, the networks responsible for these altered behaviors are not well understood. Here, we used a within-subject design and [18F]FDG-microPET to capture whole-brain activation patterns in four distinct spatial behaviors from young and aged rhesus macaques: constrained space (CAGE), head-restrained passive locomotion (CHAIR), constrained locomotion in space (TREADMILL), and unconstrained locomotion (WALK). The results reveal consistent networks activated by these behavior conditions that were similar across age. For the young animals, however, the coactivity patterns were distinct between conditions, whereas older animals tended to engage the same networks in each condition. The combined observations of less differentiated networks between distinct behaviors and alterations in functional connections between targeted regions in aging suggest changes in network dynamics as one source of age-related deficits in spatial cognition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report how whole-brain networks are involved in spatial navigation behaviors and how normal aging alters these network patterns in nonhuman primates. This is the first study to examine whole-brain network activity in young or old nonhuman primates while they actively or passively traversed an environment. The strength of this study resides in our ability to identify and differentiate whole-brain networks associated with specific navigational behaviors within the same nonhuman primate and to compare how these networks change with age. The use of high-resolution PET (microPET) to capture brain activity of real-world behaviors adds significantly to our understanding of how active circuits critical for navigation are affected by aging.
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Wei W, Chen C, Dong Q, Zhou X. Sex Differences in Gray Matter Volume of the Right Anterior Hippocampus Explain Sex Differences in Three-Dimensional Mental Rotation. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:580. [PMID: 27895570 PMCID: PMC5108793 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies have reported that males perform better than females in 3-dimensional (3D) mental rotation. Given the important role of the hippocampus in spatial processing, the present study investigated whether structural differences in the hippocampus could explain the sex difference in 3D mental rotation. Results showed that after controlling for brain size, males had a larger anterior hippocampus, whereas females had a larger posterior hippocampus. Gray matter volume (GMV) of the right anterior hippocampus was significantly correlated with 3D mental rotation score. After controlling GMV of the right anterior hippocampus, sex difference in 3D mental rotation was no longer significant. These results suggest that the structural difference between males’ and females’ right anterior hippocampus was a neurobiological substrate for the sex difference in 3D mental rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Advanced Technology Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
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Esmaeilpour K, Sheibani V, Shabani M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Effect of low frequency electrical stimulation on seizure-induced short- and long-term impairments in learning and memory in rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 168:112-121. [PMID: 27825910 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kindled seizures can impair learning and memory. In the present study the effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) on kindled seizure-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory was investigated and followed up to one month. Animals were kindled by electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 area in a semi-rapid manner (12 stimulations per day). One group of animals received four trials of LFS at 30s, 6h, 24h, and 30h following the last kindling stimulation. Each LFS trial was consisted of 4 packages at 5min intervals. Each package contained 200 monophasic square wave pulses of 0.1ms duration at 1Hz. The Open field, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests were done 48h, 1week, 2weeks, and one month after the last kindling stimulation respectively. Kindled animals showed a significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats. LFS decreased the kindling-induced learning and memory impairments at 24h and one week following its application, but not at 2week or 1month after kindling. In the group of animals that received the same 4 trials of LFS again one week following the last kindling stimulation, the improving effect of LFS was observed even after one month. Obtained results showed that application of LFS in fully kindled animals has a long-term improving effect on spatial learning and memory. This effect can remain for a long duration (one month in this study) by increasing the number of applied LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Pu Y, Cornwell BR, Cheyne D, Johnson BW. The functional role of human right hippocampal/parahippocampal theta rhythm in environmental encoding during virtual spatial navigation. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1347-1361. [PMID: 27813230 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low frequency theta band oscillations (4-8 Hz) are thought to provide a timing mechanism for hippocampal place cell firing and to mediate the formation of spatial memory. In rodents, hippocampal theta has been shown to play an important role in encoding a new environment during spatial navigation, but a similar functional role of hippocampal theta in humans has not been firmly established. To investigate this question, we recorded healthy participants' brain responses with a 160-channel whole-head MEG system as they performed two training sets of a virtual Morris water maze task. Environment layouts (except for platform locations) of the two sets were kept constant to measure theta activity during spatial learning in new and familiar environments. In line with previous findings, left hippocampal/parahippocampal theta showed more activation navigating to a hidden platform relative to random swimming. Consistent with our hypothesis, right hippocampal/parahippocampal theta was stronger during the first training set compared to the second one. Notably, theta in this region during the first training set correlated with spatial navigation performance across individuals in both training sets. These results strongly argue for the functional importance of right hippocampal theta in initial encoding of configural properties of an environment during spatial navigation. Our findings provide important evidence that right hippocampal/parahippocampal theta activity is associated with environmental encoding in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1347-1361, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian R Cornwell
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake W Johnson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Guariglia SR, Stansfield KH, McGlothan J, Guilarte TR. Chronic early life lead (Pb 2+) exposure alters presynaptic vesicle pools in hippocampal synapses. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 27802838 PMCID: PMC5090882 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lead (Pb2+) exposure has been shown to impair presynaptic neurotransmitter release in both in vivo and in vitro model systems. The mechanism by which Pb2+ impairs neurotransmitter release has not been fully elucidated. In previous work, we have shown that Pb2+ exposure inhibits vesicular release and reduces the number of fast-releasing sites in cultured hippocampal neurons. We have also shown that Pb2+ exposure inhibits vesicular release and alters the distribution of presynaptic vesicles in Shaffer Collateral – CA1 synapses of rodents chronically exposed to Pb2+ during development. Methods In the present study, we used transmission electron microscopy to examine presynaptic vesicle pools in Mossy Fiber-CA3 synapses and in Perforant Path-Dentate Gyrus synapses of rats to determine if in vivo Pb2+ exposure altered presynaptic vesicle distribution in these hippocampal regions. Data were analyzed using T-test for each experimental endpoint. Results We found that Pb2+ exposure significantly reduced the number of vesicles in the readily releasable pool and recycling pool in Mossy Fiber-CA3 terminals. In both Mossy Fiber-CA3 terminals and in Perforant Path-Dentate Gyrus terminals, Pb2+ exposure significantly increased vesicle nearest neighbor distance in all vesicular pools (Rapidly Releasable, Recycling and Resting). We also found a reduction in the size of the postsynaptic densities of CA3 dendrites in the Pb2+ exposed group. Conclusions In our previous work, we have demonstrated that Pb2+ exposure impairs vesicular release in Shaffer Collateral - CA1 terminals of the hippocampus and that the number of docked vesicles in the presynaptic active zone was reduced. Our current data shows that Pb2+ exposure reduces the number of vesicles that are in proximity to release sites in Mossy Fiber- CA3 terminals. Furthermore, Pb2+ exposure causes presynaptic vesicles to be further from one another, in both Mossy Fiber- CA3 terminals and in Perforant Pathway – Dentate Gyrus terminals, which may interfere with vesicle movement and release. Our findings provide a novel in vivo mechanism by which Pb2+ exposure impairs vesicle dynamics and release in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rose Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirstie H Stansfield
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer McGlothan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomas R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Chen GH, Xia L, Wang F, Li XW, Jiao CA. Patients with chronic insomnia have selective impairments in memory that are modulated by cortisol. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1567-76. [PMID: 27412857 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment is a frequent complaint in insomniacs; however, it is not consistently demonstrated. It is unknown whether memory impairment in insomniacs involves neuroendocrine dysfunction. The participants in this study were selected from the clinical setting and included 21 patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID), 25 patients with insomnia and comorbid depressive disorder (CDD), and 20 control participants without insomnia. We evaluated spatial working and reference memory, object working and reference memory, and object recognition memory using the Nine Box Maze Test. We also evaluated serum neuroendocrine hormone levels. Compared to the controls, the CID patients made significantly more errors in spatial working and object recognition memory (p < .05), whereas the CDD patients performed poorly in all the assessed memory types (p < .05). In addition, the CID patients had higher levels (mean difference [95% CI]) of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, cortisol (31.98 [23.97, 39.98] μg/l), total triiodothyronine (667.58 [505.71, 829.45] μg/l), and total thyroxine (41.49 [33.23, 49.74] μg/l) (p < .05), and lower levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (-35.93 [-38.83, -33.02] ng/l), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (-4.50 [-5.02, -3.98] ng/l) (p < .05), and adrenocorticotropic hormone compared to the CDD patients. After controlling for confounding variables, the partial correlation analysis revealed that the levels of cortisol positively correlated with the errors in object working memory (r = .534, p = .033) and negatively correlated with the errors in object recognition memory (r = -.659, p = .006) in the CID patients. The results suggest that the CID patients had selective memory impairment, which may be mediated by increased cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and the Center of Psychologic Medicine of Anhui Province, Chaohu, China. .,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-An Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and the Center of Psychologic Medicine of Anhui Province, Chaohu, China
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Prediction of seizure incidence probability in PTZ model of kindling through spatial learning ability in male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 161:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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