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Johnson JTE, Irfanoglu MO, Manninen E, Ross TJ, Yang Y, Laun FB, Martin J, Topgaard D, Benjamini D. In vivo disentanglement of diffusion frequency-dependence, tensor shape, and relaxation using multidimensional MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26697. [PMID: 38726888 PMCID: PMC11082920 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI with free gradient waveforms, combined with simultaneous relaxation encoding, referred to as multidimensional MRI (MD-MRI), offers microstructural specificity in complex biological tissue. This approach delivers intravoxel information about the microstructure, local chemical composition, and importantly, how these properties are coupled within heterogeneous tissue containing multiple microenvironments. Recent theoretical advances incorporated diffusion time dependency and integrated MD-MRI with concepts from oscillating gradients. This framework probes the diffusion frequency,ω $$ \omega $$ , in addition to the diffusion tensor,D $$ \mathbf{D} $$ , and relaxation,R 1 $$ {R}_1 $$ ,R 2 $$ {R}_2 $$ , correlations. AD ω - R 1 - R 2 $$ \mathbf{D}\left(\omega \right)-{R}_1-{R}_2 $$ clinical imaging protocol was then introduced, with limited brain coverage and 3 mm3 voxel size, which hinder brain segmentation and future cohort studies. In this study, we introduce an efficient, sparse in vivo MD-MRI acquisition protocol providing whole brain coverage at 2 mm3 voxel size. We demonstrate its feasibility and robustness using a well-defined phantom and repeated scans of five healthy individuals. Additionally, we test different denoising strategies to address the sparse nature of this protocol, and show that efficient MD-MRI encoding design demands a nuanced denoising approach. The MD-MRI framework provides rich information that allows resolving the diffusion frequency dependence into intravoxel components based on theirD ω - R 1 - R 2 $$ \mathbf{D}\left(\omega \right)-{R}_1-{R}_2 $$ distribution, enabling the creation of microstructure-specific maps in the human brain. Our results encourage the broader adoption and use of this new imaging approach for characterizing healthy and pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. E. Johnson
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - M. Okan Irfanoglu
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Eppu Manninen
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Frederik B. Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Dan Benjamini
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Abulseoud OA, Caparelli EC, Krell‐Roesch J, Geda YE, Ross TJ, Yang Y. Sex-difference in the association between social drinking, structural brain aging and cognitive function in older individuals free of cognitive impairment. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1235171. [PMID: 38651011 PMCID: PMC11033502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1235171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated a potential sex difference in the relationship between alcohol consumption, brain age gap and cognitive function in older adults without cognitive impairment from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Methods Self-reported alcohol consumption was collected using the food-frequency questionnaire. A battery of cognitive testing assessed performance in four different domains: attention, memory, language, and visuospatial. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted using 3-T scanners (Signa; GE Healthcare). Brain age was estimated using the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computational Utility Software (BARACUS). We calculated the brain age gap as the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age. Results The sample consisted of 269 participants [55% men (n=148) and 45% women (n=121) with a mean age of 79.2 ± 4.6 and 79.5 ± 4.7 years respectively]. Women had significantly better performance compared to men in memory, (1.12 ± 0.87 vs 0.57 ± 0.89, P<0.0001) language (0.66 ± 0.8 vs 0.33 ± 0.72, P=0.0006) and attention (0.79 ± 0.87 vs 0.39 ± 0.83, P=0.0002) z-scores. Men scored higher in visuospatial skills (0.71 ± 0.91 vs 0.44 ± 0.90, P=0.016). Compared to participants who reported zero alcohol drinking (n=121), those who reported alcohol consumption over the year prior to study enrollment (n=148) scored significantly higher in all four cognitive domains [memory: F3,268 = 5.257, P=0.002, Language: F3,258 = 12.047, P<0.001, Attention: F3,260 = 22.036, P<0.001, and Visuospatial: F3,261 = 9.326, P<0.001] after correcting for age and years of education. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between alcohol consumption and the brain age gap (P=0.03). Post hoc regression analysis for each sex with language z-score revealed a significant negative correlation between brain age gap and language z-scores in women only (P=0.008). Conclusion Among older adults who report alcohol drinking, there is a positive association between higher average daily alcohol consumption and accelerated brain aging despite the fact that drinkers had better cognitive performance compared to zero drinkers. In women only, accelerated brain aging is associated with worse performance in language cognitive domain. Older adult women seem to be vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol on brain structure and on certain cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Elisabeth C. Caparelli
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Janina Krell‐Roesch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Department of Neurology, and the Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Quam A, Biernacki K, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Janes AC. Childhood Trauma, Emotional Awareness, and Neural Correlates of Long-Term Nicotine Smoking. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2351132. [PMID: 38206627 PMCID: PMC10784870 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Temporal dynamic measures provide insight into the neurobiological properties of nicotine use. It is critical to determine whether brain-based measures are associated with substance use risk factors, such as childhood trauma-related emotion dysregulation. Objective To assess temporal dynamic differences based on smoking status and examine the associations between childhood trauma, alexithymia, nicotine smoking, and default mode network (DMN) states. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Baltimore, Maryland, area at the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Participants included individuals aged 18 to 65 years who smoked nicotine long term and matched controls with no co-occurring substance use or psychiatric disorders. Participants were enrolled from August 8, 2013, to August 9, 2022. Analysis was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. Exposure Long-term nicotine smoking. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was temporal dynamic differences based on smoking status. Coactivation pattern analysis was conducted based on 16-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; total time in, persistence of, and frequency of transitions into states were evaluated. The associations between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), alexithymia (20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale), and DMN temporal dynamics were assessed. Results The sample included 204 participants (102 individuals who smoked nicotine and 102 control individuals) with a mean (SD) age of 37.53 (10.64) years (109 [53.4%] male). Compared with controls, individuals who smoked nicotine spent more time in the frontoinsular DMN (FI-DMN) state (mean difference, 25.63 seconds; 95% CI, 8.05-43.20 seconds; η2p = 0.04; P = .004 after Bonferroni correction). In those who smoked nicotine, greater alexithymia was associated with less time spent in the FI-DMN state (r, -0.26; 95% CI, -0.44 to -0.07; P = .007). In a moderated mediation analysis, alexithymia mediated the association between childhood trauma and time spent in the FI-DMN state only in individuals who smoked nicotine (c' = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.03; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance Compared with controls, individuals who smoked nicotine spent more time in the FI-DMN state. Among those who smoked nicotine, childhood trauma-related alexithymia was associated with less time spent in the FI-DMN state, indicating that considering trauma-related factors may reveal alternative neurobiological underpinnings of substance use. These data may aid in reconciling contradictory findings in prior literature regarding the role of FI-DMN regions in substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Quam
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Biernacki
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy C. Janes
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Johnson JT, Irfanoglu MO, Manninen E, Ross TJ, Yang Y, Laun FB, Martin J, Topgaard D, Benjamini D. In vivo disentanglement of diffusion frequency-dependence, tensor shape, and relaxation using multidimensional MRI. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.10.561702. [PMID: 37987005 PMCID: PMC10659440 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI with free gradient waveforms, combined with simultaneous relaxation encoding, referred to as multidimensional MRI (MD-MRI), offers microstructural specificity in complex biological tissue. This approach delivers intravoxel information about the microstructure, local chemical composition, and importantly, how these properties are coupled within heterogeneous tissue containing multiple microenvironments. Recent theoretical advances incorporated diffusion time dependency and integrated MD-MRI with concepts from oscillating gradients. This framework probes the diffusion frequency, ω , in addition to the diffusion tensor, D , and relaxation, R 1 , R 2 , correlations. A D ( ω ) - R 1 - R 2 clinical imaging protocol was then introduced, with limited brain coverage and 3 mm3 voxel size, which hinder brain segmentation and future cohort studies. In this study, we introduce an efficient, sparse in vivo MD-MRI acquisition protocol providing whole brain coverage at 2 mm3 voxel size. We demonstrate its feasibility and robustness using a well-defined phantom and repeated scans of five healthy individuals. Additionally, we test different denoising strategies to address the sparse nature of this protocol, and show that efficient MD-MRI encoding design demands a nuanced denoising approach. The MD-MRI framework provides rich information that allows resolving the diffusion frequency dependence into intravoxel components based on their D ( ω ) - R 1 - R 2 distribution, enabling the creation of microstructure-specific maps in the human brain. Our results encourage the broader adoption and use of this new imaging approach for characterizing healthy and pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T.E. Johnson
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. Okan Irfanoglu
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Section, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eppu Manninen
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frederik B. Laun
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dan Benjamini
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xiao X, Hammond C, Salmeron BJ, Wang D, Gu H, Zhai T, Nguyen H, Lu H, Ross TJ, Yang Y. Brain Functional Connectome Defines a Transdiagnostic Dimension Shared by Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Preadolescents. Biol Psychiatry 2023:S0006-3223(23)01593-7. [PMID: 37769982 PMCID: PMC10963340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function and general psychopathology are two important classes of human behavior dimensions that are individually related to mental disorders across diagnostic categories. However, whether these two transdiagnostic dimensions are linked to common or distinct brain networks that convey resilience or risk for the development of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. METHODS The current study is a longitudinal investigation with 11,875 youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at ages 9 to 10 years at the onset of the study. A machine learning approach based on canonical correlation analysis was used to identify latent dimensional associations of the resting-state functional connectome with multidomain behavioral assessments including cognitive functions and psychopathological measures. For the latent resting-state functional connectivity factor showing a robust behavioral association, its ability to predict psychiatric disorders was assessed using 2-year follow-up data, and its genetic association was evaluated using twin data from the same cohort. RESULTS A latent functional connectome pattern was identified that showed a strong and generalizable association with the multidomain behavioral assessments (5-fold cross-validation: ρ = 0.68-0.73 for the training set [n = 5096]; ρ = 0.56-0.58 for the test set [n = 1476]). This functional connectome pattern was highly heritable (h2 = 74.42%, 95% CI: 56.76%-85.42%), exhibited a dose-response relationship with the cumulative number of psychiatric disorders assessed concurrently and at 2 years post-magnetic resonance imaging scan, and predicted the transition of diagnosis across disorders over the 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence for a transdiagnostic connectome-based measure that underlies individual differences in the development of psychiatric disorders during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danni Wang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tianye Zhai
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Deshpande HU, Fedota JR, Castillo J, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1633-1642. [PMID: 35091674 PMCID: PMC9283548 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS)-associated cognitive deficits are notably heterogeneous, suggesting underlying endophenotypic variance. However, parsing this variance in smokers has remained challenging. In this study, we identified smoker subgroups based on response accuracy during a Parametric Flanker Task (PFT) and then characterized distinct neuroimaging endophenotypes using a nicotine state manipulation. Smokers completed the PFT in two fMRI sessions (nicotine sated, abstinent). Based on response accuracy in the stressful, high cognitive demand PFT condition, smokers split into high (HTP, n = 21) and low task performer (LTP, n = 24) subgroups. Behaviorally, HTPs showed greater response accuracy (88.68% ± 5.19 SD) vs. LTPs (51.04% ± 4.72 SD), independent of nicotine state, and greater vulnerability to abstinence-induced errors of omission (EOm, p = 0.01). Neurobiologically, HTPs showed greater BOLD responses in attentional control brain regions, including bilateral insula, dorsal ACC, and frontoparietal Cx for the [correct responses (-) errors of commission] PFT contrast in both states. A whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis with these subgroup-derived regions as seeds identified two circuits: Precentral Cx↔Insula and Insula↔Occipital Cx, with abstinence-induced FC strength increases seen only in HTPs. Finally, abstinence-induced FC and behavior (EOm) differences were positively correlated for HTPs in a Precentral Cx↔Orbitofrontal cortical circuit. In sum, only the HTP subgroup demonstrated sustained attention deficits following 48-hr nicotine abstinence, a stressor in dependent smokers. Unpacking underlying smoker heterogeneity with this 'dual (task and abstinence) stressor' approach revealed discrete smoker subgroups with differential attentional deficits to withdrawal that could be novel pharmacological/behavioral targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshawardhan U. Deshpande
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John R. Fedota
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Present Address: Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Juan Castillo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Abstract
Striatal loci are connected to both the ipsilateral and contralateral frontal cortex. Normative quantitation of the dissimilarity between striatal loci's hemispheric connection profiles and its spatial variance across the striatum, and assessment of how interindividual differences relate to function, stands to further the understanding of the role of corticostriatal circuits in lateralized functions and the role of abnormal corticostriatal laterality in neurodevelopmental and other neuropsychiatric disorders. A resting-state functional connectivity fingerprinting approach (n = 261) identified "laterality hotspots"-loci whose profiles of connectivity with ipsilateral and contralateral frontal cortex were disproportionately dissimilar-in the right rostral ventral putamen, left rostral central caudate, and bilateral caudal ventral caudate. Findings were replicated in an independent sample and were robust to both preprocessing choices and the choice of cortical atlas used for parcellation definitions. Across subjects, greater rightward connectional laterality at the right ventral putamen hotspot and greater leftward connectional laterality at the left rostral caudate hotspot were associated with higher performance on tasks engaging lateralized functions (i.e., response inhibition and language, respectively). In sum, we find robust and reproducible evidence for striatal loci with disproportionately lateralized connectivity profiles where interindividual differences in laterality magnitude are associated with behavioral capacities on lateralized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Korponay
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Joutsa J, Moussawi K, Siddiqi SH, Abdolahi A, Drew W, Cohen AL, Ross TJ, Deshpande HU, Wang HZ, Bruss J, Stein EA, Volkow ND, Grafman JH, van Wijngaarden E, Boes AD, Fox MD. Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit. Nat Med 2022; 28:1249-1255. [PMID: 35697842 PMCID: PMC9205767 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to addiction remission. These cases may be used to identify therapeutic targets for neuromodulation. We analyzed two cohorts of patients addicted to smoking at the time of focal brain damage (cohort 1 n = 67; cohort 2 n = 62). Lesion locations were mapped to a brain atlas and the brain network functionally connected to each lesion location was computed using human connectome data (n = 1,000). Associations with addiction remission were identified. Generalizability was assessed using an independent cohort of patients with focal brain damage and alcohol addiction risk scores (n = 186). Specificity was assessed through comparison to 37 other neuropsychological variables. Lesions disrupting smoking addiction occurred in many different brain locations but were characterized by a specific pattern of brain connectivity. This pattern involved positive connectivity to the dorsal cingulate, lateral prefrontal cortex, and insula and negative connectivity to the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex. This circuit was reproducible across independent lesion cohorts, associated with reduced alcohol addiction risk, and specific to addiction metrics. Hubs that best matched the connectivity profile for addiction remission were the paracingulate gyrus, left frontal operculum, and medial fronto-polar cortex. We conclude that brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a specific human brain circuit and that hubs in this circuit provide testable targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. .,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Clinical Affairs, Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William Drew
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Henry Z Wang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan H Grafman
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Angebrandt A, Abulseoud OA, Kisner M, Diazgranados N, Momenan R, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Dose-dependent relationship between social drinking and brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 111:71-81. [PMID: 34973470 PMCID: PMC8929531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-level alcohol consumption is commonly perceived as being inconsequential or even beneficial for overall health, with some reports suggesting that it may protect against dementia or cardiovascular risks. However, these potential benefits do not preclude the concurrent possibility of negative health outcomes related to alcohol consumption. To examine whether casual, non-heavy drinking is associated with premature brain aging, we utilized the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computational Utility Software package to predict brain age in a community sample of adults [n = 240, mean age 35.1 (±10.7) years, 48% male, 49% African American]. Accelerated brain aging was operationalized as the difference between predicted and chronological age ("brain age gap"). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between previous 90-day alcohol consumption and brain age gap (β = 0.014, p = 0.023). We replicated these results in an independent cohort [n = 231 adults, mean age 34.3 (±11.1) years, 55% male, 28% African American: β = 0.014, p = 0.002]. Our results suggest that even low-level alcohol consumption is associated with premature brain aging. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexanndra Angebrandt
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA. Phone: 480-301-8297, Fax: 480-301-6258. (O.A. Abulseoud)
| | - Mallory Kisner
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author at: Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21244, USA. Phone 443-740-2645, Fax 443-740-2734. (T.J. Ross)
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10
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Culbreth AJ, Kasanova Z, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Gold JM, Stein EA, Waltz JA. Schizophrenia Patients Show Largely Similar Salience Signaling Compared to Healthy Controls in an Observational Task Environment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121610. [PMID: 34942913 PMCID: PMC8699423 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the aberrant signaling of salience is associated with psychotic illness. Salience, however, can take many forms in task environments. For example, salience may refer to any of the following: (1) the valence of an outcome, (2) outcomes that are unexpected, called reward prediction errors (PEs), or (3) cues associated with uncertain outcomes. Here, we measure brain responses to different forms of salience in the context of a passive PE-signaling task, testing whether patients with schizophrenia (SZ) showed aberrant signaling of particular types of salience. We acquired event-related MRI data from 29 SZ patients and 23 controls during the performance of a passive outcome prediction task. Across groups, we found that the anterior insula and posterior parietal cortices were activated to multiple different types of salience, including PE magnitude and heightened levels of uncertainty. However, BOLD activation to salient events was not significantly different between patients and controls in many regions, including the insula, posterior parietal cortices, and default mode network nodes. Such results suggest that deficiencies in salience processing in SZ may not result from an impaired ability to signal salience per se, but instead the ability to use such signals to guide future actions. Notably, no between-group differences were observed in BOLD signal changes associated with PE-signaling in the striatum. However, positive symptom severity was found to significantly correlate with the magnitudes of salience contrasts in default mode network nodes. Our results suggest that, in an observational environment, SZ patients may show an intact ability to activate striatal and cortical regions to rewarding and non-rewarding salient events. Furthermore, reduced deactivation of a hypothesized default mode network node for SZ participants with high levels of positive symptoms, following salient events, point to abnormalities in interactions of the salience network with other brain networks, and their potential importance to positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Culbreth
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; (J.M.G.); (J.A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Leuven Research & Development Spin-off & Innovation Unit, KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6-Box 5105, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (T.J.R.); (B.J.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Betty J. Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (T.J.R.); (B.J.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; (J.M.G.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (T.J.R.); (B.J.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - James A. Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; (J.M.G.); (J.A.W.)
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11
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Fedota JR, Ross TJ, Castillo J, McKenna MR, Matous AL, Salmeron BJ, Menon V, Stein EA. Time-Varying Functional Connectivity Decreases as a Function of Acute Nicotine Abstinence. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2021; 6:459-469. [PMID: 33436331 PMCID: PMC8035238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) includes affective and cognitive disruptions whose incidence and severity vary across time during acute abstinence. However, most network-level neuroimaging uses static measures of resting-state functional connectivity and assumes time-invariance and is thus unable to capture dynamic brain-behavior relationships. Recent advances in resting-state functional connectivity signal processing allow characterization of time-varying functional connectivity (TVFC), which characterizes network communication between networks that reconfigure over the course of data collection. Therefore, TVFC may more fully describe network dysfunction related to the NWS. METHODS To isolate alterations in the frequency and diversity of communication across network boundaries during acute nicotine abstinence, we scanned 25 cigarette smokers in the nicotine-sated and abstinent states and applied a previously validated method to characterize TVFC at a network and a nodal level within the brain. RESULTS During abstinence, we found brain-wide decreases in the frequency of interactions between network nodes in different modular communities (i.e., temporal flexibility). In addition, within a subset of the networks examined, the variability of these interactions across community boundaries (i.e., spatiotemporal diversity) also decreased. Finally, within 2 of these networks, the decrease in spatiotemporal diversity was significantly related to NWS clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Using multiple measures of TVFC in a within-subjects design, we characterized a novel set of changes in network communication and linked these changes to specific behavioral symptoms of the NWS. These reductions in TVFC provide a meso-scale network description of the relative inflexibility of specific large-scale brain networks during acute abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juan Castillo
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael R McKenna
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Allison L Matous
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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12
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Hahn B, Harvey AN, Concheiro-Guisan M, Huestis MA, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Nicotinic receptor modulation of the default mode network. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:589-597. [PMID: 33216167 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous neuroimaging studies of cognition involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist administration have repeatedly found enhanced task-induced deactivation of regions of the default mode network (DMN), a group of brain systems that is more active at rest and mediates task-independent thought processes. This effect may be related to pro-cognitive nAChR agonist effects OBJECTIVES: The present study sought to test whether nAChR modulation of the DMN is bi-directional, i.e., whether a nAChR antagonist would reduce task-induced deactivation. METHODS Eighteen healthy non-smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a letter N-back task. Scans were performed after nicotine administration (7 mg/24 h, transdermally), after administration of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (7.5 mg, p.o.), and after double placebo, in counterbalanced sequence. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal was analyzed within ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) regions of interest-central hubs of the DMN in which consistent nAChR agonist-induced changes had previously been identified. RESULTS Nicotine enhanced hit rate in both the 0-back and 2-back condition, while mecamylamine slowed reaction time in the 2-back condition. Mecamylamine reduced task-induced deactivation of vmPFC and PCC. Nicotine had no significant effects on the BOLD signal. CONCLUSIONS The finding that nAChR tone reduction by mecamylamine weakened task-induced DMN deactivation indicates that a constant tone of nAChR activation helps regulate DMN activity in healthy individuals. This suggests that low nAChR tone may play a causal role in DMN dysregulation seen in conditions such as mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA.
| | - Alexander N Harvey
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Marta Concheiro-Guisan
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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13
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Valle-Torres J, Ross TJ, Plewa D, Avellaneda MC, Check J, Chilvers MI, Cruz AP, Dalla Lana F, Groves C, Gongora-Canul C, Henriquez-Dole L, Jamann T, Kleczewski N, Lipps S, Malvick D, McCoy AG, Mueller DS, Paul PA, Puerto C, Schloemer C, Raid RN, Robertson A, Roggenkamp EM, Smith DL, Telenko DEP, Cruz CD. Tar Spot: An Understudied Disease Threatening Corn Production in the Americas. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2541-2550. [PMID: 32762502 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0449-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tar spot of corn has been a major foliar disease in several Latin American countries since 1904. In 2015, tar spot was first documented in the United States and has led to significant yield losses of approximately 4.5 million t. Tar spot is caused by an obligate pathogen, Phyllachora maydis, and thus requires a living host to grow and reproduce. Due to its obligate nature, biological and epidemiological studies are limited and impact of disease in corn production has been understudied. Here we present the current literature and gaps in knowledge of tar spot of corn in the Americas, its etiology, distribution, impact and known management strategies as a resource for understanding the pathosystem. This will in tern guide current and future research and aid in the development of effective management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Valle-Torres
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - D Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - M C Avellaneda
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - J Check
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - M I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - A P Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - F Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Groves
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - C Gongora-Canul
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - L Henriquez-Dole
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - T Jamann
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - N Kleczewski
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - S Lipps
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - D Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - A G McCoy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D S Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - C Puerto
- Zamorano University, San Antonio de Oriente, Fco. Morazán, Honduras
| | - C Schloemer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - R N Raid
- IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, U.S.A
| | - A Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - E M Roggenkamp
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - D L Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - D E P Telenko
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - C D Cruz
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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14
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Beck T, Werner V, Pietralla N, Bhike M, Cooper N, Friman-Gayer U, Isaak J, Jolos RV, Kleemann J, Papst O, Tornow W, Bernards C, Crider BP, Ilieva RS, Löher B, Mihai C, Naqvi F, Pascu S, Peters EE, Prados-Estevez FM, Ross TJ, Savran D, Vanhoy JR, Zilges A. ΔK=0 M1 Excitation Strength of the Well-Deformed Nucleus ^{164}Dy from K Mixing. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:092501. [PMID: 32915599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The size of a ΔK=0 M1 excitation strength has been determined for the first time in a predominantly axially deformed even-even nucleus. It has been obtained from the observation of a rare K-mixing situation between two close-lying J^{π}=1^{+} states of the nucleus ^{164}Dy with components characterized by intrinsic projection quantum numbers K=0 and K=1. Nuclear resonance fluorescence induced by quasimonochromatic linearly polarized γ-ray beams provided evidence for K mixing of the 1^{+} states at 3159.1(3) and 3173.6(3) keV in excitation energy from their γ-decay branching ratios into the ground-state band. The ΔK=0 transition strength of B(M1;0_{1}^{+}→1_{K=0}^{+})=0.008(1)μ_{N}^{2} was inferred from a mixing analysis of their M1 transition rates into the ground-state band. It is in agreement with predictions from the quasiparticle phonon nuclear model. This determination represents first experimental information on the M1 excitation strength of a nuclear quantum state with a negative R-symmetry quantum number.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Werner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - N Pietralla
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Bhike
- Department of Physics, Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA
| | - N Cooper
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - U Friman-Gayer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Isaak
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R V Jolos
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Dubna State University, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - J Kleemann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - O Papst
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Tornow
- Department of Physics, Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA
| | - C Bernards
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - B P Crider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - R S Ilieva
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - B Löher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Mihai
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania
| | - F Naqvi
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S Pascu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania
| | - E E Peters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - F M Prados-Estevez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - D Savran
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J R Vanhoy
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402-5026, USA
| | - A Zilges
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
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15
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Lesage E, Sutherland MT, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA. Nicotine dependence (trait) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state) modulate attention but not inhibitory control: converging fMRI evidence from Go-Nogo and Flanker tasks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:857-865. [PMID: 31995811 PMCID: PMC7075893 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal may contribute to smoking relapse. However, interacting effects of chronic nicotine dependence and acute nicotine withdrawal on cognitive control are poorly understood. Here we examine the effects of nicotine dependence (trait; smokers (n = 24) vs. non-smoking controls; n = 20) and acute nicotinic stimulation (state; administration of nicotine and varenicline, two FDA-approved smoking cessation aids, during abstinence), on two well-established tests of inhibitory control, the Go-Nogo task and the Flanker task, during fMRI scanning. We compared performance and neural responses between these four pharmacological manipulations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. As expected, performance in both tasks was modulated by nicotine dependence, abstinence, and pharmacological manipulation. However, effects were driven entirely by conditions that required less inhibitory control. When demand for inhibitory control was high, abstinent smokers showed no deficits. By contrast, acutely abstinent smokers showed performance deficits in easier conditions and missed more trials. Go-Nogo fMRI results showed decreased inhibition-related neural activity in right anterior insula and right putamen in smokers and decreased dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity on nicotine across groups. No effects were found on inhibition-related activity during the Flanker task or on error-related activity in either task. Given robust nicotinic effects on physiology and behavioral deficits in attention, we are confident that pharmacological manipulations were effective. Thus findings fit a recent proposal that abstinent smokers show decreased ability to divert cognitive resources at low or intermediate cognitive demand, while performance at high cognitive demand remains relatively unaffected, suggesting a primary attentional deficit during acute abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lesage
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Gent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M T Sutherland
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - T J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B J Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Aronson Fischell S, Ross TJ, Deng ZD, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied to the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortices in Smokers Modifies Cognitive Circuits Implicated in the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2020; 5:448-460. [PMID: 32151567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nicotine withdrawal syndrome remains a major impediment to smoking cessation. Cognitive and affective disturbances are associated with altered connectivity within and between the executive control network, default mode network (DMN), and salience network. We hypothesized that functional activity in cognitive control networks, and downstream amygdala circuits, would be modified by application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left (L) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, executive control network) and right (R) ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, DMN). METHODS A total of 15 smokers (7 women) and 28 matched nonsmokers (14 women) participated in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, exploratory crossover study of 3 tDCS conditions: anodal-(L)dlPFC/cathodal-(R)vmPFC, reversed polarity, and sham. Cognitive tasks probed withdrawal-related constructs (error monitoring, working memory, amygdalar reactivity), while simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging measured brain activity. We assessed tDCS impact on trait (nonsmokers vs. sated smokers) and state (sated vs. abstinent) smoking aspects. RESULTS Single-session, anodal-(L)dlPFC/cathodal-(R)vmPFC tDCS enhanced deactivation of DMN nodes during the working memory task and strengthened anterior cingulate cortex activity during the error-monitoring task. Smokers were more responsive to tDCS-induced DMN deactivation when sated (vs. withdrawn) and displayed greater cingulate activity during error monitoring than nonsmokers. Nicotine withdrawal reduced task engagement and attention and reduced suppression of DMN nodes. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive circuit dysregulation associated with nicotine withdrawal may be modifiable by anodal tDCS applied to L-dlPFC and cathodal tDCS applied to R-vmPFC. tDCS may have stronger effects as a complement to existing therapies, such as nicotine replacement, owing to possible enhanced plasticity in the sated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aronson Fischell
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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17
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Reese ED, Yi JY, McKay KG, Stein EA, Ross TJ, Daughters SB. Triple Network Resting State Connectivity Predicts Distress Tolerance and Is Associated with Cocaine Use. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122135. [PMID: 31817047 PMCID: PMC6947426 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), a predictor of substance use treatment retention and post-treatment relapse, is associated with task based neural activation in regions located within the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and executive control networks (ECN). The impact of network connectivity on DT has yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to test within and between network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) associations with DT, and the impact of cocaine use on this relationship. Twenty-nine adults reporting regular cocaine use (CU) and 28 matched healthy control individuals (HC), underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging followed by the completion of two counterbalanced, computerized DT tasks. Dual-regression analysis was used to derive within and between network rsFC of the SN, DMN, and lateralized (left and right) ECN. Cox proportional-hazards survival models were used to test the interactive effect of rsFC and group on DT. The association between cocaine use severity, rsFC, and DT was tested within the CU group. Lower LECN and higher DMN-SN rsFC were associated with DT impairment. Greater amount of cocaine use per using day was associated with greater DMN-SN rsFC. The findings emphasize the role of neural resource allocation within the ECN and between DMN-SN on distress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Reese
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Yi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Katlyn G. McKay
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (E.A.S.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (E.A.S.); (T.J.R.)
| | - Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.D.R.); (J.Y.Y.); (K.G.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Steele VR, Maxwell AM, Ross TJ, Stein EA, Salmeron BJ. Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation as a Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1147. [PMID: 31736689 PMCID: PMC6831547 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no effective treatments for cocaine use disorder (CUD), a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by dysregulated circuits related to cue reactivity, reward processing, response inhibition, and executive control. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has the potential to modulate circuits and networks implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction. Although acute applications of TMS have reduced craving in urine-negative cocaine users, the tolerability and safety of administering accelerated TMS to cocaine-positive individuals is unknown. As such, we performed a proof-of-concept study employing an intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol in an actively cocaine-using sample. Although our main goal was to assess the tolerability and safety of administering three iTBS sessions daily, we also hypothesized that iTBS would reduce cocaine use in this non-treatment seeking cohort. We recruited 19 individuals with CUD to receive three open-label iTBS sessions per day, with approximately a 60-min interval between sessions, for 10 days over a 2-week period (30 total iTBS sessions). iTBS was delivered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with neuronavigation guidance. Compliance and safety were assessed throughout the trial. Cocaine use behavior was assessed before, during, and after the intervention and at 1- and 4-week follow-up visits. Of the 335 iTBS sessions applied, 73% were performed on participants with cocaine-positive urine tests. Nine of the 14 participants who initiated treatment received at least 26 of 30 iTBS sessions and returned for the 4-week follow-up visit. These individuals reduced their weekly cocaine consumption by 78% in amount of dollars spent and 70% in days of use relative to pre-iTBS cocaine use patterns. Similarly, individuals reduced their weekly consumption of nicotine, alcohol, and THC, suggesting iTBS modulated a common circuit across drugs of abuse. iTBS was well-tolerated, despite the expected occasional headaches. A single participant developed a transient neurological event of uncertain etiology on iTBS day 9 and cocaine-induced psychosis 2 weeks after discontinuation. It thus appears that accelerated iTBS to left dlPFC administered in active, chronic cocaine users is both feasible and tolerable in actively using cocaine participants with preliminary indications of efficacy in reducing both the amount and frequency of cocaine (and other off target drug) use. The neural underpinnings of these behavioral changes could help in the future development of effective treatment of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea M Maxwell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Flannery JS, Riedel MC, Poudel R, Laird AR, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA, Sutherland MT. Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax2084. [PMID: 31633021 PMCID: PMC6785263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The habenula, an epithalamic nucleus involved in reward and aversive processing, may contribute to negative reinforcement mechanisms maintaining nicotine use. We used a performance feedback task that differentially activates the striatum and habenula and administered nicotine and varenicline (versus placebos) to overnight-abstinent smokers and nonsmokers to delineate feedback-related functional brain alterations both as a function of smoking trait (smokers versus nonsmokers) and drug administration state (drug versus placebo). Smokers showed less striatal responsivity to positive feedback, an alteration not mitigated by drug administration, but rather correlated with trait-level addiction severity. Conversely, nicotine administration reduced habenula activity following both positive and negative feedback among abstinent smokers, but not nonsmokers, and increased habenula activity among smokers correlated with elevated state-level tobacco cravings. These outcomes highlight a dissociation between neurobiological processes linked with the dependence severity trait and the nicotine withdrawal state. Interventions simultaneously targeting both aspects may improve currently poor cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C. Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjita Poudel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse–Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse–Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse–Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Caparelli EC, Ross TJ, Gu H, Yang Y. Factors Affecting Detection Power of Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent Signal in Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using High-Resolution Echo-Planar Imaging. Brain Connect 2019; 9:638-648. [PMID: 31418299 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Latest developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware and software have significantly improved image acquisition for functional MRI (fMRI) techniques, including resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI). Specifically, with improvements in gradient and radiofrequency coils and advances in pulse sequence designs, functional images with higher spatiotemporal resolution can be achieved. However, while smaller voxel size has the benefit of resolving finer brain structures, it also decreases voxel-wise signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and, subsequently, temporal SNR (tSNR), which is critical for the sensitivity of fMRI. Although the improved temporal resolution allows more image frames to be collected per unit time, the ability to detect brain activity by using the high spatiotemporal fMRI has not been fully characterized. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of spatial smoothing, scan length, sample size, seed size, and location on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and tSNR by using data from the human connectome project. Results from this analysis show an important effect of smoothing on the rsFC strength (correlation values between the seed and the target) as well as on the tSNR. In contrast, while rsFC strength is not affected by sample size, the standard error decreases with the increasing number of participants, therefore improving the detection power for larger samples. Scan length and seed size seem to have a moderate effect on rsFC strength. Finally, seed location has an important impact on rsFC maps, as rsFC strength from cortical seeds seems higher than from sub-cortical seeds. In summary, our findings show that the choice of parameters can be critical for an rsfMRI study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Caparelli
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Ding X, Salmeron BJ, Wang J, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Evidence of subgroups in smokers as revealed in clinical measures and evaluated by neuroimaging data: a preliminary study. Addict Biol 2019. [PMID: 29516603 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, fractionation of the nicotine addiction phenotype has been limited to that based primarily on characteristics of cigarette use, although it is widely appreciated that a variety of individual factors are associated with tobacco use disorder. Identifying subtypes of tobacco use disorder based on such factors may lead to better understanding of potential treatment targets, individualize treatments and improve outcomes. In this preliminary study, to identify potential subgroups, we applied hierarchical clustering to a broad range of assessments measuring personality, IQ and psychiatric symptoms, as well as various environmental and experiential characteristics from 102 otherwise healthy cigarette smokers. The identified subgroups were further compared on various resting-state fMRI measures from a subset (N = 65) of individuals who also underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. The clustering dendrogram indicated that smokers can be divided into three subgroups. Each subgroup had unique clinical assessment characteristics. The division yielded imaging differences between subgroups in the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex and the cuneus. Regression analyses showed that amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex differed between groups and were negatively correlated with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale subscale Difficulty Describing Feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jamei Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
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22
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Ratkiewicz A, Cizewski JA, Escher JE, Potel G, Burke JT, Casperson RJ, McCleskey M, Austin RAE, Burcher S, Hughes RO, Manning B, Pain SD, Peters WA, Rice S, Ross TJ, Scielzo ND, Shand C, Smith K. Towards Neutron Capture on Exotic Nuclei: Demonstrating (d,pγ) as a Surrogate Reaction for (n,γ). Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:052502. [PMID: 30822004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-capture reaction plays a critical role in the synthesis of the elements in stars and is important for societal applications including nuclear power generation and stockpile-stewardship science. However, it is difficult-if not impossible-to directly measure neutron capture cross sections for the exotic, short-lived nuclei that participate in these processes. In this Letter we demonstrate a new technique which can be used to indirectly determine neutron-capture cross sections for exotic systems. This technique makes use of the (d,p) transfer reaction, which has long been used as a tool to study the structure of nuclei. Recent advances in reaction theory, together with data collected using this reaction, enable the determination of neutron-capture cross sections for short-lived nuclei. A benchmark study of the ^{95}Mo(d,p) reaction is presented, which illustrates the approach and provides guidance for future applications of the method with short-lived isotopes produced at rare isotope accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ratkiewicz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - J A Cizewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - J E Escher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Potel
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J T Burke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R J Casperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M McCleskey
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R A E Austin
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS BH3 3C3, Canada
| | - S Burcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - R O Hughes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - B Manning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - S D Pain
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W A Peters
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Rice
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - N D Scielzo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Shand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
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23
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Weafer J, Ross TJ, O’Connor S, Stein EA, de Wit H, Childs E. Striatal activity correlates with stimulant-like effects of alcohol in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2532-2538. [PMID: 30093699 PMCID: PMC6224577 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who experience greater stimulation and less sedation from alcohol are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. However, little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying subjective response to alcohol. The current study examined the degree to which alcohol-induced brain activation correlates with ratings of stimulation and sedation, using a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants (N = 34 healthy adults with no history of alcohol use disorder) completed three sessions: a calibration session to determine the duration of infusion needed to bring the breath alcohol to 80 mg/dl for each subject, and two counterbalanced fMRI sessions with placebo and alcohol administration. During the fMRI sessions, participants underwent 50 min scans, which included a 10 min baseline period, the IV infusion period needed to bring breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) to a peak 80 mg/dl (on the alcohol session), followed by a post-peak decline period. Participants rated their subjective stimulation and sedation at regular intervals throughout the scan. A priori VOI analyses showed that the time course of stimulation correlated with BOLD signal in the striatum. The time course of sedation did not correlate with BOLD signal in any VOIs. There were no correlations in primary visual cortex, which served as a control. These findings are the first to show that alcohol effects in the striatum are linked to the positive, stimulant-like effects of the drug and advance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in subjective responses to alcohol, and more broadly, risk for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Weafer
- 0000 0004 1936 7822grid.170205.1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- 0000 0004 0533 7147grid.420090.fNeuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Sean O’Connor
- 0000 0001 2287 3919grid.257413.6Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,0000 0000 9681 3540grid.280828.8R.L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- 0000 0004 0533 7147grid.420090.fNeuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- 0000 0004 1936 7822grid.170205.1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emma Childs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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24
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Escher JE, Burke JT, Hughes RO, Scielzo ND, Casperson RJ, Ota S, Park HI, Saastamoinen A, Ross TJ. Constraining Neutron Capture Cross Sections for Unstable Nuclei with Surrogate Reaction Data and Theory. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:052501. [PMID: 30118303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining reliable data for nuclear reactions on unstable isotopes remains an extremely important task and a formidable challenge. Neutron capture cross sections-crucial ingredients for models of astrophysical processes, national security applications, and simulations of nuclear energy generation-are particularly elusive, as both projectile and target in the reaction are unstable. We demonstrate a new method for determining cross sections for neutron capture on unstable isotopes, using ^{87}Y(n,γ) as a prototype. To validate the method, a benchmark experiment is carried out to obtain the known ^{90}Zr(n,γ) cross section analogously. Our approach, which employs an indirect ("surrogate") measurement combined with theory, can be generalized to a larger class of nuclear reactions. It can be used both with traditional stable-beam experiments and in inverse kinematics at rare-isotope facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Escher
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J T Burke
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R O Hughes
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - N D Scielzo
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R J Casperson
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Ota
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | - H I Park
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | - A Saastamoinen
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | - T J Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
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25
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Steele VR, Maxwell AM, Ross TJ, Moussawi K, Abulseoud OO, Stein EA, Salmeron BJ. Report of transient events in a cocaine-dependent volunteer who received iTBS. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:631-633. [PMID: 29429954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andrea M Maxwell
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Cellular Neurobiological Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osama O Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Caparelli EC, Ross TJ, Gu H, Liang X, Stein EA, Yang Y. Graph theory reveals amygdala modules consistent with its anatomical subdivisions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14392. [PMID: 29089582 PMCID: PMC5663902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Similarities on the cellular and neurochemical composition of the amygdaloid subnuclei suggests their clustering into subunits that exhibit unique functional organization. The topological principle of community structure has been used to identify functional subnetworks in neuroimaging data that reflect the brain effective organization. Here we used modularity to investigate the organization of the amygdala using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data. Our goal was to determine whether such topological organization would reliably reflect the known neurobiology of individual amygdaloid nuclei, allowing for human imaging studies to accurately reflect the underlying neurobiology. Modularity analysis identified amygdaloid elements consistent with the main anatomical subdivisions of the amygdala that embody distinct functional and structural properties. Additionally, functional connectivity pathways of these subunits and their correlation with task-induced amygdala activation revealed distinct functional profiles consistent with the neurobiology of the amygdala nuclei. These modularity findings corroborate the structure–function relationship between amygdala anatomical substructures, supporting the use of network analysis techniques to generate biologically meaningful partitions of brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Caparelli
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xia Liang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Research Center of Basic Space Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Geng F, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Black MM, Riggins T. Long-term effects of prenatal drug exposure on the neural correlates of memory at encoding and retrieval. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 65:70-77. [PMID: 29107754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine what stage of memory (encoding or retrieval) may be compromised in adolescents with a history of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) and how the effects of PDE on memory ability are substantiated at the neural level. To achieve this goal, we examined memory performance and associated brain activations in adolescents with and without a history of PDE via event-related fMRI during encoding and retrieval. Consistent with previous studies, we found that PDE subjects remembered fewer items than community comparison subjects. However, there were no differences in behavior after adjusting for correct rejections (i.e., d'). Novel extensions of previous work are findings that PDE is associated with changes in brain activation during memory encoding but not during retrieval. These results suggest that less optimal memory performance often observed in adolescents with a history of PDE may result from variations in encoding rather than retrieval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengji Geng
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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Fedota JR, Ding X, Matous AL, Salmeron BJ, McKenna MR, Gu H, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Nicotine Abstinence Influences the Calculation of Salience in Discrete Insular Circuits. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2017. [PMID: 29529410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insular subdivisions show distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with specific brain regions, each with different functional significance. Seeds in these subdivisions are employed to characterize the effects of acute nicotine abstinence on rsFC between insula subdivisions and brain networks implicated in addiction and attentional control. METHODS In a within-subjects design, resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent data were collected from treatment-seeking smokers (N= 20) following smoking satiety and again following 48 hours of nicotine abstinence. Three right hemisphere insular regions of interest (dorsal, ventral, and posterior) served as seeds for analyses. Indices of both static and dynamic rsFC were obtained and correlated with indices of subjective withdrawal and behavioral performance. RESULTS Abstinence-induced physiological, subjective, and cognitive differences were observed. Overall dynamic rsFC was reduced during abstinence, and circuits containing each insular seed showed changes in rsFC as a function of nicotine abstinence. Specifically, dorsal and posterior insular connections to the default mode and salience networks were enhanced, while a previously undescribed ventral insular connection to the executive control network was reduced. Further, static rsFC was significantly correlated with subjective ratings of aversive affect and withdrawal in the modified ventral and posterior insular-seeded circuits. CONCLUSIONS As predicted, divergent connections between insula subdivisions and anticorrelated resting brain networks were observed during abstinence. These changes reflect an attentional bias toward aversive affective processing and not directly away from exogenous cognitive processing, suggesting a coordinated modulation of circuits associated with interoceptive and affective processing that instantiates an aversive state during nicotine abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison L Matous
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael R McKenna
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Daughters SB, Ross TJ, Bell RP, Yi JY, Ryan J, Stein EA. Distress tolerance among substance users is associated with functional connectivity between prefrontal regions during a distress tolerance task. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1378-1390. [PMID: 27037525 PMCID: PMC5625840 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to persist in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress, is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. While theory and evidence indicate that cortico-limbic neural dysfunction may account for deficits in goal directed behavior while experiencing distress, the neurobiological mechanisms of DT have yet to be examined. We modified a computerized DT task for use in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT-M), and examined the neural correlates and functional connectivity of DT among a cohort of substance users (n = 21; regular cocaine and nicotine users) and healthy controls (n = 25). In response to distress during the PASAT-M, we found greater activation in a priori cortico-limbic network ROIs, namely the right insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG), right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) significantly predicted higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. In addition, greater task-specific functional connectivity during distress between the right MFG and bilateral vmPFC/sgACC was associated with higher DT among substance users, but not healthy controls. The observed positive relationship between DT and neural activation in cortico-limbic structures, as well as functional connectivity between the rMFG and vmPFC/sgACC, is in line with theory and research suggesting the importance of these structures for persisting in goal directed behavior while experiencing affective distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
| | - Ryan P. Bell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Y. Yi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Jonathan Ryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH
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Ding X, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Combining Multiple Resting-State fMRI Features during Classification: Optimized Frameworks and Their Application to Nicotine Addiction. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:362. [PMID: 28747877 PMCID: PMC5506584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning techniques have been applied to resting-state fMRI data to predict neurological or neuropsychiatric disease states. Existing studies have used either a single type of resting-state feature or a few feature types (<4) in the prediction model. However, resting-state data can be processed in many different ways, yielding different feature types containing complementary and/or novel information, leaving uncertain the most informative features to provide to the classifier. In this study, multiple resting-state features were calculated from two main analytical categories: local measures and network measures. Feature selection was adopted using an optimized grid-search approach selecting top ranked features from statistical tests. We then tested three optimized frameworks: feature combination, kernel combination, and classifier combination, all using the support vector machine as an elementary classifier, to combine these resting-state feature types. When applied to nicotine addiction, with a cohort size of 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers, via a 10-fold cross-validation procedure, the feature combination and the classifier combination achieved an accuracy of 75.5%, while the kernel combination achieved a 73.0% accuracy; all three combination frameworks improved classification performance compared to the single feature type based results (best accuracy 70.5%). This study not only reveals the discriminative power of resting-state data, but also demonstrates the efficiency of combining multiple features from one data phenotype to improve classification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimore, MD, United States
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31
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Hahn B, Harvey AN, Gold JM, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Load-dependent hyperdeactivation of the default mode network in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 185:190-196. [PMID: 28073606 PMCID: PMC6104387 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in a range of cognitive functions. Neuroimaging studies have reported lower, but also higher, task-induced activation accompanying impaired performance. Differences in task-load and the ability of people with schizophrenia (PSZ) to stay engaged in the cognitive operations probed appear to underlie such discrepancies. Similarly, task-induced deactivation of the default mode network (DMN) was weaker in PSZ relative to healthy control subjects (HCS) in most studies, but some reported greater deactivation. An inability to stay engaged in the cognitive operations could account for these discrepancies, too, as it would lead to more time off-task and consequently less deactivation of DMN functions. The present study employed a change detection paradigm with small to moderate set sizes (SSs) of 1, 2, and 4 items. Task training prior to fMRI scanning abolished the group difference in no-response trials. Task-positive regions of interest (ROIs) displayed greater activation with increasing SS in both groups. PSZ showed greater activation relative to HCS at SSs 1 and 2. DMN ROIs displayed greater deactivation with increasing SS in PSZ, but not in HCS, and PSZ tended to hyperdeactivate DMN regions at SS 4. No hypodeactivation was observed in PSZ. In conclusion, when minimizing differences in task-engagement, PSZ tend to over-recruit task-positive regions during low-load operations, and hyperdeactivate DMN functions at higher load, perhaps reflecting heightened non-specific vigilance or effort when dealing with cognitive challenges. This speaks against an inability to down-regulate task-independent thought processes as a primary mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Alexander N Harvey
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - James M Gold
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Thomas J Ross
- National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Neuroimaging Research Branch, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Neuroimaging Research Branch, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Lesage E, Aronson SE, Sutherland MT, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA. Neural Signatures of Cognitive Flexibility and Reward Sensitivity Following Nicotinic Receptor Stimulation in Dependent Smokers: A Randomized Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:632-640. [PMID: 28403383 PMCID: PMC5539833 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Withdrawal from nicotine is an important contributor to smoking relapse. Understanding how reward-based decision making is affected by abstinence and by pharmacotherapies such as nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline tartrate may aid cessation treatment. OBJECTIVE To independently assess the effects of nicotine dependence and stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the ability to interpret valence information (reward sensitivity) and subsequently alter behavior as reward contingencies change (cognitive flexibility) in a probabilistic reversal learning task. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Nicotine-dependent smokers and nonsmokers completed a probabilistic reversal learning task during acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a 2-drug, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design conducted from January 21, 2009, to September 29, 2011. Smokers were abstinent from cigarette smoking for 12 hours for all sessions. In a fully Latin square fashion, participants in both groups underwent MRI twice while receiving varenicline and twice while receiving a placebo pill, wearing either a nicotine or a placebo patch. Imaging analysis was performed from June 15, 2015, to August 10, 2016. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES A well-established computational model captured effects of smoking status and administration of nicotine and varenicline on probabilistic reversal learning choice behavior. Neural effects of smoking status, nicotine, and varenicline were tested for on MRI contrasts that captured reward sensitivity and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS The study included 24 nicotine-dependent smokers (12 women and 12 men; mean [SD] age, 35.8 [9.9] years) and 20 nonsmokers (10 women and 10 men; mean [SD] age, 30.4 [7.2] years). Computational modeling indicated that abstinent smokers were biased toward response shifting and that their decisions were less sensitive to the available evidence, suggesting increased impulsivity during withdrawal. These behavioral impairments were mitigated with nicotine and varenicline. Similarly, decreased mesocorticolimbic activity associated with cognitive flexibility in abstinent smokers was restored to the level of nonsmokers following stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (familywise error-corrected P < .05). Conversely, neural signatures of decreased reward sensitivity in smokers (vs nonsmokers; familywise error-corrected P < .05) in the dorsal striatum and anterior cingulate cortex were not mitigated by nicotine or varenicline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There was a double dissociation between the effects of chronic nicotine dependence on neural representations of reward sensitivity and acute effects of stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on behavioral and neural signatures of cognitive flexibility in smokers. These chronic and acute pharmacologic effects were observed in overlapping mesocorticolimbic regions, suggesting that available pharmacotherapies may alleviate deficits in the same circuitry for certain mental computations but not for others. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00830739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Lesage
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E. Aronson
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland,School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Fedota JR, Matous AL, Salmeron BJ, Gu H, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Insula Demonstrates a Non-Linear Response to Varying Demand for Cognitive Control and Weaker Resting Connectivity With the Executive Control Network in Smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2557-65. [PMID: 27112116 PMCID: PMC4987854 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in cognitive control processes are a primary characteristic of nicotine addiction. However, while network-based connectivity measures of dysfunction have frequently been observed, empirical evidence of task-based dysfunction in these processes has been inconsistent. Here, in a sample of smokers (n=35) and non-smokers (n=21), a previously validated parametric flanker task is employed to characterize addiction-related alterations in responses to varying (ie, high, intermediate, and low) demands for cognitive control. This approach yields a demand-response curve that aims to characterize potential non-linear responses to increased demand for control, including insensitivities or lags in fully activating the cognitive control network. We further used task-based differences in activation between groups as seeds for resting-state analysis of network dysfunction in an effort to more closely link prior inconsistencies in task-related activation with evidence of impaired network connectivity in smokers. For both smokers and non-smokers, neuroimaging results showed similar increases in activation in brain areas associated with cognitive control. However, reduced activation in right insula was seen only in smokers and only when processing intermediate demand for cognitive control. Further, in smokers, this task-modulated right insula showed weaker functional connectivity with the superior frontal gyrus, a component of the task-positive executive control network. These results demonstrate that the neural instantiation of salience attribution in smokers is both more effortful to fully activate and has more difficulty communicating with the exogenous, task-positive, executive control network. Together, these findings further articulate the cognitive control dysfunction associated with smoking and illustrate a specific brain circuit potentially responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Fedota
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 740 2782, Fax: +1 443 740 2753, E-mail:
| | - Allison L Matous
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hahn B, Harvey AN, Gold JM, Fischer BA, Keller WR, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Hyperdeactivation of the Default Mode Network in People With Schizophrenia When Focusing Attention in Space. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1158-66. [PMID: 26926831 PMCID: PMC4988736 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
When studying selective attention in people with schizophrenia (PSZ), a counterintuitive but replicated finding has been that PSZ display larger performance benefits than healthy control subjects (HCS) by cues that predicts the location of a target stimulus relative to non-predictive cues. Possible explanations are that PSZ hyperfocus attention in response to predictive cues, or that an inability to maintain a broad attentional window impairs performance when the cue is non-predictive. Over-recruitment of regions involved in top-down focusing of spatial attention in response to predictive cues would support the former possibility, and an inappropriate recruitment of these regions in response to non-predictive cues the latter. We probed regions of the dorsal attention network while PSZ (N = 20) and HCS (N = 20) performed a visuospatial attention task. A central cue either predicted at which of 4 peripheral locations a target signal would appear, or it gave no information about the target location. As observed previously, PSZ displayed a larger reaction time difference between predictive and non-predictive cue trials than HCS. Activity in frontoparietal and occipital regions was greater for predictive than non-predictive cues. This effect was almost identical between PSZ and HCS. There was no sign of over-recruitment when the cue was predictive, or of inappropriate recruitment when the cue was non-predictive. However, PSZ differed from HCS in their cue-dependent deactivation of the default mode network. Unexpectedly, PSZ displayed significantly greater deactivation than HCS in predictive cue trials, which may reflect a tendency to expend more processing resources when focusing attention in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
| | - Alexander N. Harvey
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bernard A. Fischer
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William R. Keller
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
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Brynildsen JK, Hsu LM, Ross TJ, Stein EA, Yang Y, Lu H. Physiological characterization of a robust survival rodent fMRI method. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 35:54-60. [PMID: 27580522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetics are commonly used in preclinical functional MRI studies. It is well-appreciated that proper choice of anesthetics is of critical importance for maintaining a physiologically normal range of autonomic functioning. A recent study, using a low dose of dexmedetomidine (active isomer of medetomidine) in combination with a low dose of isoflurane, suggested stable measurements across repeated fMRI experiments in individual animals with each session lasting up to several hours. The rat default mode network has been successfully identified using this preparation, indicating that this protocol minimally disturbs brain network functions. However, medetomidine is known to cause peripheral vasoconstriction, respiratory suppression, and bradycardia, each of which could independently confound the BOLD signal. The goal of this study was to systematically characterize physiological conditions for fMRI experiments under this anesthetic regimen. To this end, we acquired somatosensory stimulation "task-evoked" and resting-state fMRI to evaluate the integrity of neurovascular coupling and brain network function during three time windows (0-30min, 30-90min, and 90-150min) following dexmedetomidine initiation. Results demonstrate that both evoked BOLD response and resting-state fMRI signal remained stable during the 90-150min time window, while autonomic physiological parameters maintained near-normal conditions during this period. Our data suggest that using a spontaneously-inhaled, low dose of isoflurane in combination with a continuous low dose of dexmedetomidine is a viable option for longitudinal imaging studies in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brynildsen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Belcher AM, Yen CCC, Notardonato L, Ross TJ, Volkow ND, Yang Y, Stein EA, Silva AC, Tomasi D. Functional Connectivity Hubs and Networks in the Awake Marmoset Brain. Front Integr Neurosci 2016; 10:9. [PMID: 26973476 PMCID: PMC4777715 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In combination with advances in analytical methods, resting-state fMRI is allowing unprecedented access to a better understanding of the network organization of the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that this architecture may incorporate highly functionally connected nodes, or “hubs”, and we have recently proposed local functional connectivity density (lFCD) mapping to identify highly-connected nodes in the human brain. Here, we imaged awake nonhuman primates to test whether, like the human brain, the marmoset brain contains FC hubs. Ten adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were acclimated to mild, comfortable restraint using individualized helmets. Following restraint training, resting BOLD data were acquired during eight consecutive 10 min scans for each subject. lFCD revealed prominent cortical and subcortical hubs of connectivity across the marmoset brain; specifically, in primary and secondary visual cortices (V1/V2), higher-order visual association areas (A19M/V6[DM]), posterior parietal and posterior cingulate areas (PGM and A23b/A31), thalamus, dorsal and ventral striatal areas (caudate, putamen, lateral septal nucleus, and anterior cingulate cortex (A24a). lFCD hubs were highly connected to widespread areas of the brain, and further revealed significant network-network interactions. These data provide a baseline platform for future investigations in a nonhuman primate model of the brain’s network topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle M Belcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucia Notardonato
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of HealthRockville, MD, USA; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Afonso C Silva
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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Brynildsen JK, Najar J, Hsu LM, Vaupel DB, Lu H, Ross TJ, Yang Y, Stein EA. A novel method to induce nicotine dependence by intermittent drug delivery using osmotic minipumps. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 142:79-84. [PMID: 26751248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although osmotic minipumps are a reliable method for inducing nicotine dependence in rodents, continuous nicotine administration does not accurately model the intermittent pattern of nicotine intake in cigarette smokers. Our objectives, therefore, were to investigate whether intermittent nicotine delivery via osmotic minipumps could induce dependence in rats, and to compare the magnitude and duration of withdrawal following forced abstinence from intermittent nicotine to that induced by continuous nicotine administration. In order to administer nicotine intermittently, rats were surgically implanted with saline-filled osmotic minipumps attached to polyethylene tubing that contained hourly unit doses of nicotine alternating with mineral oil to mimic "injections". Three doses of nicotine (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8mg/kg/day) and saline were administered for 14days using this method. In order to compare our intermittent delivery method with the more traditional continuous nicotine delivery, a second group of rats was implanted with minipumps attached to tubing that delivered continuous nicotine for 14days. Rats were administered a 1.5mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) mecamylamine challenge and observed for somatic signs of withdrawal on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 following minipump implantation. Fifteen somatic withdrawal signs were summed within a 50-minute observation period to obtain a composite Dependence Score. A generalized linear mixed-effects model revealed a significant Day×Dose×Method interaction. Amongst continuously-treated rats, only 4.8mg/kg/d nicotine resulted in dependence scores significantly greater than those of controls at 14days of exposure. In contrast, all intermittent nicotine groups showed significantly higher scores beginning at 7days of exposure and persisting beyond 7days of abstinence. In general, intermittent delivery produced a more robust withdrawal syndrome than continuous delivery, and did so at a lower dose threshold and with greater persistence after forced abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brynildsen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie Najar
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Bruce Vaupel
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Schweitzer JB, Riggins T, Ross TJ, Black MM, Salmeron BJ. Interpretation of prenatal drug exposure functional imaging data. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:58-9. [PMID: 26518758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, United States; Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
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Ding X, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Multivariate classification of smokers and nonsmokers using SVM-RFE on structural MRI images. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:4869-79. [PMID: 26497657 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have revealed gray matter alterations in smokers, but this type of analysis has poor predictive value for individual cases, which limits its applicability in clinical diagnoses and treatment. A predictive model would essentially embody a complex biomarker that could be used to evaluate treatment efficacy. In this study, we applied VBM along with a multivariate classification method consisting of a support vector machine with recursive feature elimination to discriminate smokers from nonsmokers using their structural MRI data. Mean gray matter volumes in 1,024 cerebral cortical regions of interest created using a subparcellated version of the Automated Anatomical Labeling template were calculated from 60 smokers and 60 nonsmokers, and served as input features to the classification procedure. The classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 69.6% when taking the 139 highest ranked features via 10-fold cross-validation. Critically, these features were later validated on an independent testing set that consisted of 28 smokers and 28 nonsmokers, yielding a 64.04% accuracy level (binomial P = 0.01). Following classification, exploratory post hoc regression analyses were performed, which revealed that gray matter volumes in the putamen, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, caudate, thalamus, pre-/postcentral gyrus, precuneus, and the parahippocampal gyrus, were inversely related to smoking behavioral characteristics. These results not only indicate that smoking related gray matter alterations can provide predictive power for group membership, but also suggest that machine learning techniques can reveal underlying smoking-related neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Waltz JA, Brown JK, Gold JM, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA. Probing the Dynamic Updating of Value in Schizophrenia Using a Sensory-Specific Satiety Paradigm. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1115-22. [PMID: 25834028 PMCID: PMC4535640 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ) may derive, at least in part, from a disrupted ability to accurately and flexibly represent the value of stimuli and actions. To assess relationships between dimensions of psychopathology in SZ, and the tendency to devalue food stimuli, on which subjects were fed to satiety, we administered a sensory-specific satiety (SSS) paradigm to 42 SZ patients and 44 controls. In each of 2 sessions, subjects received 16 0.7-ml squirts of each of 2 rewarding foods and 32 squirts of a control solution, using syringes. In between the 2 sessions, each subject was instructed to drink one of the foods until he/she felt "full, but not uncomfortable." At 10 regular intervals, interspersed throughout the 2 sessions, subjects rated each liquid for pleasantness, using a Likert-type scale. Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed group differences in SSS effects. Within-group tests revealed that, while controls showed an effect of satiety that was sensory specific, patients showed an effect of satiety that was not, devaluing the sated and unsated foods similarly. In SZ patients, we observed correlations between the magnitude of SSS effects and measures of both positive and negative symptoms. We argue that the ability to flexibly and rapidly update representations of the value of stimuli and actions figures critically in the ability of patients with psychotic illness to process salient events and adaptively engage in goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Waltz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, PO Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, US; tel: +1-410-402-6044, fax: +1-410-402-7198, e-mail:
| | - Jaime K. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - James M. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Betty J. Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
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Lu H, Zou Q, Chefer S, Ross TJ, Vaupel DB, Guillem K, Rea WP, Yang Y, Peoples LL, Stein EA. Abstinence from cocaine and sucrose self-administration reveals altered mesocorticolimbic circuit connectivity by resting state MRI. Brain Connect 2015; 4:499-510. [PMID: 24999822 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2014.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous preclinical studies have emphasized that drugs of abuse, through actions within and between mesocorticolimbic (MCL) regions, usurp learning and memory processes normally involved in the pursuit of natural rewards. To distinguish MCL circuit pathobiological neuroadaptations that accompany addiction from general learning processes associated with natural reward, we trained two groups of rats to self-administer either cocaine (IV) or sucrose (orally) followed by an identically enforced 30 day abstinence period. These procedures are known to induce behavioral changes and neuroadaptations. A third group of sedentary animals served as a negative control group for general handling effects. We examined low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal, known as resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), as a measure of intrinsic neurobiological interactions between brain regions. Decreased rsFC was seen in the cocaine-SA compared with both sucrose-SA and housing control groups between prelimbic (PrL) cortex and entopeduncular nucleus and between nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Moreover, individual differences in cocaine SA escalation predicted connectivity strength only in the Acb-dmPFC circuit. These data provide evidence of fronto-striatal plasticity across the addiction trajectory, which are consistent with Acb-PFC hypoactivity seen in abstinent human drug addicts, indicating potential circuit level biomarkers that may inform therapeutic interventions. They further suggest that available data from cross-sectional human studies may reflect the consequence of rather a predispositional predecessor to their dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Lu
- 1 Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore, Maryland
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Carroll AJ, Sutherland MT, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Greater externalizing personality traits predict less error-related insula and anterior cingulate cortex activity in acutely abstinent cigarette smokers. Addict Biol 2015; 20:377-89. [PMID: 24354662 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attenuated activity in performance-monitoring brain regions following erroneous actions may contribute to the repetition of maladaptive behaviors such as continued drug use. Externalizing is a broad personality construct characterized by deficient impulse control, vulnerability to addiction and reduced neurobiological indices of error processing. The insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) are regions critically linked with error processing as well as the perpetuation of cigarette smoking. As such, we examined the interrelations between externalizing tendencies, erroneous task performance, and error-related insula and dACC activity in overnight-deprived smokers (n = 24) and non-smokers (n = 20). Participants completed a self-report measure assessing externalizing tendencies (Externalizing Spectrum Inventory) and a speeded Flanker task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We observed that higher externalizing tendencies correlated with the occurrence of more performance errors among smokers but not non-smokers. Suggesting a neurobiological contribution to such suboptimal performance among smokers, higher externalizing also predicted less recruitment of the right insula and dACC following error commission. Critically, this error-related activity fully mediated the relationship between externalizing traits and error rates. That is, higher externalizing scores predicted less error-related right insula and dACC activity and, in turn, less error-related activity predicted more errors. Relating such regional activity with a clinically relevant construct, less error-related right insula and dACC responses correlated with higher tobacco craving during abstinence. Given that inadequate error-related neuronal responses may contribute to continued drug use despite negative consequences, these results suggest that externalizing tendencies and/or compromised error processing among subsets of smokers may be relevant factors for smoking cessation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Carroll
- Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago IL USA
- Neuroimaging Research Branch; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Neuroimaging Research Branch; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Physics; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
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Schweitzer JB, Riggins T, Liang X, Gallen C, Kurup PK, Ross TJ, Black MM, Nair P, Salmeron BJ. Prenatal drug exposure to illicit drugs alters working memory-related brain activity and underlying network properties in adolescence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 48:69-77. [PMID: 25683798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of effects of prenatal drug exposure (PDE) on brain functioning during adolescence is poorly understood. We explored neural activation to a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) versus a control task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in adolescents with PDE and a community comparison group (CC) of non-exposed adolescents. We applied graph theory metrics to resting state data using a network of nodes derived from the VSWM task activation map to further explore connectivity underlying WM functioning. Participants (ages 12-15 years) included 47 adolescents (27 PDE and 20 CC). All analyses controlled for potentially confounding differences in birth characteristics and postnatal environment. Significant group by task differences in brain activation emerged in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA 6) with the CC group, but not the PDE group, activating this region during VSWM. The PDE group deactivated the culmen, whereas the CC group activated it during the VSWM task. The CC group demonstrated a significant relation between reaction time and culmen activation, not present in the PDE group. The network analysis underlying VSWM performance showed that PDE group had lower global efficiency than the CC group and a trend level reduction in local efficiency. The network node corresponding to the BA 6 group by task interaction showed reduced nodal efficiency and fewer direct connections to other nodes in the network. These results suggest that adolescence reveals altered neural functioning related to response planning that may reflect less efficient network functioning in youth with PDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, United States; MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, United States
| | - Xia Liang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Courtney Gallen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Pradeep K Kurup
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
| | - Prasanna Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, United States
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Pariyadath V, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Machine learning classification of resting state functional connectivity predicts smoking status. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:425. [PMID: 24982629 PMCID: PMC4058899 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning-based approaches are now able to examine functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a multivariate manner and extract features predictive of group membership. We applied support vector machine (SVM)-based classification to resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) data from nicotine-dependent smokers and healthy controls to identify brain-based features predictive of nicotine dependence. By employing a network-centered approach, we observed that within-network functional connectivity measures offered maximal information for predicting smoking status, as opposed to between-network connectivity, or the representativeness of each individual node with respect to its parent network. Further, our analysis suggests that connectivity measures within the executive control and frontoparietal networks are particularly informative in predicting smoking status. Our findings suggest that machine learning-based approaches to classifying rsFC data offer a valuable alternative technique to understanding large-scale differences in addiction-related neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Pariyadath
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rose EJ, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Waltz J, Schweitzer JB, McClure SM, Stein EA. Temporal difference error prediction signal dysregulation in cocaine dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1732-42. [PMID: 24569319 PMCID: PMC4023147 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence impacts drug-related, dopamine-dependent reward processing, yet its influence on non-drug reward processing is unclear. Here, we investigated cocaine-mediated effects on reward learning using a natural food reinforcer. Cocaine-dependent subjects (N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 14) learned to associate a visual cue with a juice reward. In subsequent functional imaging sessions they were exposed to trials where juice was received as learned, withheld (negative temporal difference error (NTDE)), or received unexpectedly (positive temporal difference error (PTDE)). Subjects were scanned twice in sessions that were identical, except that cocaine-dependent participants received cocaine or saline 10 min before task onset. In the insula, precentral and postcentral gyri NTDE signals were greater, and PTDE-related function was reduced in cocaine-dependent subjects. Compared with healthy controls, in the cocaine-dependent group PTDE signals were also reduced in medial frontal gyrus and reward-related function, irrespective of predictability, was reduced in the putamen. Group differences in error-related activity were predicted by the time as last self-administered cocaine use, but TDE function was not influenced by acute cocaine. Thus, cocaine dependence seems to engender increased responsiveness to unexpected negative outcomes and reduced sensitivity to positive events in dopaminergic reward regions. Although it remains to be established if these effects are a consequence of or antecedent to cocaine dependence, they likely have implications for the high-cocaine use recidivism rates by contributing to the drive to consume cocaine, perhaps via influence on dopamine-related reward computations. The fact that these effects do not acquiesce to acute cocaine administration might factor in binge-related escalated consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jane Rose
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Translational Research on Adversity, Neurodevelopment and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 4th Floor, 110 S.Paca Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA, Tel: +410 328 6803, Fax: +410 328 3693, E-mail:
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California-Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Samuel M McClure
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee MR, Cacic K, Demers CH, Haroon M, Heishman S, Hommer DW, Epstein DH, Ross TJ, Stein EA, Heilig M, Salmeron BJ. Gender differences in neural-behavioral response to self-observation during a novel fMRI social stress task. Neuropsychologia 2014; 53:257-63. [PMID: 24316200 PMCID: PMC10875620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The neural correlates of response to psychosocial stress and gender differences therein are difficult to model experimentally as this type of stressor is difficult to induce in a brain imaging environment. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a behavioral paradigm that reliably induces moderate levels of stress was thus modified for the MRI environment. To determine the neurobehavioral basis of gender differences in response to observing oneself under social evaluative stress, 26 subjects (14 females) performed the TSST while being videotaped. During fMRI scanning, subjects were shown alternating video clips of two CONDITIONS SELF or a same-sex OTHER performing the TSST. Subjects rated their stress level immediately after the video clips. GENDER differences in the [SELF-OTHER] contrast were analyzed. There was a GENDER×CONDITION interaction such that only women reported increased subjective stress during video feedback of their TSST session. A whole brain analysis (SELF vs. OTHER) showed activation in the bilateral insula, inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri. Greater recruitment was seen among males in some of these same areas in the context of significantly lower stress ratings. Activation of areas involved in inhibitory control and sensory awareness might contribute to the significantly lower stress ratings in males. Understanding these gender differences is relevant to disorders of stress and self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Lee
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Kelsey Cacic
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Catherine H Demers
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Maleeha Haroon
- Nicotine Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Stephen Heishman
- Nicotine Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Daniel W Hommer
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - David H Epstein
- Treatment Section, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Markus Heilig
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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Crawford HL, Clark RM, Fallon P, Macchiavelli AO, Baugher T, Bazin D, Beausang CW, Berryman JS, Bleuel DL, Campbell CM, Cromaz M, de Angelis G, Gade A, Hughes RO, Lee IY, Lenzi SM, Nowacki F, Paschalis S, Petri M, Poves A, Ratkiewicz A, Ross TJ, Sahin E, Weisshaar D, Wimmer K, Winkler R. Quadrupole collectivity in neutron-rich Fe and Cr isotopes. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:242701. [PMID: 25165918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.242701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation measurements are performed on the N ≥ 40 neutron-rich nuclei (66,68)Fe and (64)Cr. The reduced transition matrix elements providing a direct measure of the quadrupole collectivity B(E2;2(1)(+) → 0(1)(+)) are determined for the first time in (68)Fe(42) and (64)Cr(40) and confirm a previous recoil distance method lifetime measurement in (66)Fe(40). The results are compared to state-of-the-art large-scale shell-model calculations within the full fpgd neutron orbital model space using the Lenzi-Nowacki-Poves-Sieja effective interaction and confirm the results of the calculations that show these nuclei are well deformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Crawford
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R M Clark
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Fallon
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Baugher
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C W Beausang
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - J S Berryman
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D L Bleuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C M Campbell
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Cromaz
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G de Angelis
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R O Hughes
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - I Y Lee
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S M Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Nowacki
- IPHC, IN2P3-CNRS et Université de Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Paschalis
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Petri
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Poves
- Departamento de Física Teórica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ratkiewicz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T J Ross
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - E Sahin
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - D Weisshaar
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Wimmer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - R Winkler
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Lee MR, Gallen CL, Ross TJ, Kurup P, Salmeron BJ, Hodgkinson CA, Goldman D, Stein EA, Enoch MA. A preliminary study suggests that nicotine and prefrontal dopamine affect cortico-striatal areas in smokers with performance feedback. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:554-63. [PMID: 23433232 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and tonic dopamine (DA) levels [as inferred by catechol-O-methyl tranferase (COMT) Val158Met genotype] interact to affect prefrontal processing. Prefrontal cortical areas are involved in response to performance feedback, which is impaired in smokers. We investigated whether there is a nicotine × COMT genotype interaction in brain circuitry during performance feedback of a reward task. We scanned 23 healthy smokers (10 Val/Val homozygotes, 13 Met allele carriers) during two fMRI sessions while subjects were wearing a nicotine or placebo patch. A significant nicotine × COMT genotype interaction for BOLD signal during performance feedback in cortico-striatal areas was seen. Activation in these areas during the nicotine patch condition was greater in Val/Val homozygotes and reduced in Met allele carriers. During negative performance feedback, the change in activation in error detection areas such as anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)/superior frontal gyrus on nicotine compared to placebo was greater in Val/Val homozygotes compared to Met allele carriers. With transdermal nicotine administration, Val/Val homozygotes showed greater activation with performance feedback in the dorsal striatum, area associated with habitual responding. In response to negative feedback, Val/Val homozygotes had greater activation in error detection areas, including the ACC, suggesting increased sensitivity to loss with nicotine exposure. Although these results are preliminary due to small sample size, they suggest a possible neurobiological mechanism underlying the clinical observation that Val/Val homozygotes, presumably with elevated COMT activity compared to Met allele carriers and therefore reduced prefrontal DA levels, have poorer outcomes with nicotine replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lee
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, 21224, USA.
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Waltz JA, Kasanova Z, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, McMahon RP, Gold JM, Stein EA. The roles of reward, default, and executive control networks in set-shifting impairments in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57257. [PMID: 23468948 PMCID: PMC3584128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits on tasks of rapid reinforcement learning, like probabilistic reversal learning (PRL), but the neural bases for those impairments are not known. Recent evidence of relatively intact sensitivity to negative outcomes in the ventral striatum (VS) in many SZ patients suggests that PRL deficits may be largely attributable to processes downstream from feedback processing, involving both the activation of executive control task regions and deactivation of default mode network (DMN) components. We analyzed data from 29 chronic SZ patients and 21 matched normal controls (NCs) performing a PRL task in an MRI scanner. Subjects were presented with eight pairs of fractal stimuli, for 50 trials each. For each pair, subjects learned to choose the more frequently-rewarded (better) stimulus. Each time a criterion was reached, the better stimulus became the worse one, and the worse became the better. Responses to feedback events were assessed through whole-brain and regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses in DMN. We also assessed correlations between BOLD signal contrasts and clinical measures in SZs. Relative to NCs, SZ patients showed comparable deactivation of VS in response to negative feedback, but reduced deactivation of DMN components including medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The magnitudes of patients' punishment-evoked deactivations in VS and ventromedial PFC correlated significantly with clinical ratings for avolition/anhedonia. These findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a reduced ability to deactivate components of default mode networks, following the presentation of informative feedback and that motivational deficits in SZ relate closely to feedback-evoked activity in reward circuit components. These results also confirm a role for ventrolateral and dorsomedial PFC in the execution of response-set shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rose EJ, Ross TJ, Salmeron BJ, Lee M, Shakleya DM, Huestis MA, Stein EA. Acute nicotine differentially impacts anticipatory valence- and magnitude-related striatal activity. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:280-8. [PMID: 22939991 PMCID: PMC9361221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic activity plays a role in mediating the rewarding aspects of abused drugs, including nicotine. Nicotine modulates the reinforcing properties of other motivational stimuli, yet the mechanisms of this interaction are poorly understood. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of nicotine exposure on neuronal activity associated with reinforcing outcomes in dependent smokers. METHODS Smokers (n = 28) and control subjects (n = 28) underwent functional imaging during performance of a monetary incentive delay task. Using a randomized, counterbalanced design, smokers completed scanning after placement of a nicotine or placebo patch; nonsmokers were scanned twice without nicotine manipulation. In regions along dopaminergic pathway trajectories, we considered event-related activity for valence (reward/gain vs. punishment/loss), magnitude (small, medium, large), and outcome (successful vs. unsuccessful). RESULTS Both nicotine and placebo patch conditions were associated with reduced activity in regions supporting anticipatory valence, including ventral striatum. In contrast, relative to controls, acute nicotine increased activity in dorsal striatum for anticipated magnitude. Across conditions, anticipatory valence-related activity in the striatum was negatively associated with plasma nicotine concentration, whereas the number of cigarettes daily correlated negatively with loss anticipation activity in the medial prefrontal cortex only during abstinence. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a partial dissociation in the state- and trait-specific effects of smoking and nicotine exposure on magnitude- and valence-dependent anticipatory activity within discrete reward processing brain regions. Such variability may help explain, in part, nicotine's impact on the reinforcing properties of nondrug stimuli and speak to the continued motivation to smoke and cessation difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jane Rose
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Lee
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diaa M. Shakleya
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, NIDA - IRP, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, NIDA - IRP, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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