1
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Cole RH, Moussawi K, Joffe ME. Opioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109891. [PMID: 38417545 PMCID: PMC10939756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Several neurochemical systems converge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to regulate cognitive and motivated behaviors. A rich network of endogenous opioid peptides and receptors spans multiple PFC cell types and circuits, and this extensive opioid system has emerged as a key substrate underlying reward, motivation, affective behaviors, and adaptations to stress. Here, we review the current evidence for dysregulated cortical opioid signaling in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We begin by providing an introduction to the basic anatomy and function of the cortical opioid system, followed by a discussion of endogenous and exogenous opioid modulation of PFC function at the behavioral, cellular, and synaptic level. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of endogenous opioid targets in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, synthesizing clinical reports of altered opioid peptide and receptor expression and activity in human patients and summarizing new developments in opioid-based medications. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Cole
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Soleimani G, Joutsa J, Moussawi K, Siddiqi SH, Kuplicki R, Bikson M, Paulus MP, Fox MD, Hanlon CA, Ekhtiari H. Converging Evidence for Frontopolar Cortex as a Target for Neuromodulation in Addiction Treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:100-114. [PMID: 38018143 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20221022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation technologies such as transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) are emerging neuromodulation therapies that are being used to target the neural substrates of substance use disorders. By the end of 2022, 205 trials of tES or TMS in the treatment of substance use disorders had been published, with heterogeneous results, and there is still no consensus on the optimal target brain region. Recent work may help clarify where and how to apply stimulation, owing to expanding databases of neuroimaging studies, new systematic reviews, and improved methods for causal brain mapping. Whereas most previous clinical trials targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, accumulating data highlight the frontopolar cortex as a promising therapeutic target for transcranial brain stimulation in substance use disorders. This approach is supported by converging multimodal evidence, including lesion-based maps, functional MRI-based maps, tES studies, TMS studies, and dose-response relationships. This review highlights the importance of targeting the frontopolar area and tailoring the treatment according to interindividual variations in brain state and trait and electric field distribution patterns. This converging evidence supports the potential for treatment optimization through context, target, dose, and timing dimensions to improve clinical outcomes of transcranial brain stimulation in people with substance use disorders in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Michael D Fox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Colleen A Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Soleimani, Ekhtiari); Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, and Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Joutsa); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Moussawi); Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Siddiqi, Fox); Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Okla. (Kuplicki, Paulus, Ekhtiari); Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York (Bikson); Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C. (Hanlon)
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Ahmed O, Ekumi KM, Nardi FV, Maisumu G, Moussawi K, Lazartigues ED, Liang B, Yakoub AM. Stable, neuron-specific gene expression in the mouse brain. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:8. [PMID: 38229168 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery to, and expression in, the mouse brain is important for understanding gene functions in brain development and disease, or testing gene therapies. Here, we describe an approach to express a transgene in the mouse brain in a cell-type-specific manner. We use stereotaxic injection of a transgene-expressing adeno-associated virus into the mouse brain via the intracerebroventricular route. We demonstrate stable and sustained expression of the transgene in neurons of adult mouse brain, using a reporter gene driven by a neuron-specific promoter. This approach represents a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for global gene expression in the mouse brain, in a cell-type-specific manner, without major surgical interventions. The described method represents a helpful resource for genetically engineering mice to express a therapeutic gene, for gene therapy studies, or to deliver genetic material for genome editing and developing knockout animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kingsley M Ekumi
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Francesco V Nardi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gulimiheranmu Maisumu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric D Lazartigues
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Abraam M Yakoub
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Lehmann CM, Moussawi K. Cell type and sex specific insights into ventral striatum deep brain stimulation for cocaine relapse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:434-435. [PMID: 36513870 PMCID: PMC9852299 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin M Lehmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Joutsa J, Moussawi K, Siddiqi SH, Abdolahi A, Drew W, Cohen AL, Ross TJ, Deshpande HU, Wang HZ, Bruss J, Stein EA, Volkow ND, Grafman JH, van Wijngaarden E, Boes AD, Fox MD. Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit. Nat Med 2022; 28:1249-1255. [PMID: 35697842 PMCID: PMC9205767 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to addiction remission. These cases may be used to identify therapeutic targets for neuromodulation. We analyzed two cohorts of patients addicted to smoking at the time of focal brain damage (cohort 1 n = 67; cohort 2 n = 62). Lesion locations were mapped to a brain atlas and the brain network functionally connected to each lesion location was computed using human connectome data (n = 1,000). Associations with addiction remission were identified. Generalizability was assessed using an independent cohort of patients with focal brain damage and alcohol addiction risk scores (n = 186). Specificity was assessed through comparison to 37 other neuropsychological variables. Lesions disrupting smoking addiction occurred in many different brain locations but were characterized by a specific pattern of brain connectivity. This pattern involved positive connectivity to the dorsal cingulate, lateral prefrontal cortex, and insula and negative connectivity to the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex. This circuit was reproducible across independent lesion cohorts, associated with reduced alcohol addiction risk, and specific to addiction metrics. Hubs that best matched the connectivity profile for addiction remission were the paracingulate gyrus, left frontal operculum, and medial fronto-polar cortex. We conclude that brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a specific human brain circuit and that hubs in this circuit provide testable targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Neurocenter and Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. .,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Clinical Affairs, Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William Drew
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Henry Z Wang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan H Grafman
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Moussawi K, Kim MJ, Baybayan S, Wood M, Mills KA. Deep brain stimulation effect on anterior pallidum reduces motor impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:23-31. [PMID: 34749005 PMCID: PMC8816820 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus is used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The former can worsen impulsive and compulsive behaviors after controlling for the reduction of dopaminergic medications. However, the effect of pallidal DBS on such behaviors in PD patients is less clear. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that greater stimulation spread to the pallidum with prefrontal connectivity would reduce motor impulsivity. METHODS Seven Parkinson's patients with stable globus pallidus internus DBS settings for 3 months, disease duration of 13 ± 1.3 years, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment of 26.8 ± 1.1 each had two stimulation settings defined based on reconstructions of lead placement and volume of tissue activation targeting either a dorsal or ventral position along the DBS electrode but still within the globus pallidus internus. Subjects performed a stop signal reaction time task with the DBS turned off vs. on in each of the defined stimulation settings, which was correlated with the degree of stimulation effect on pallidal subregions. RESULTS A shorter distance between the volume of tissue activation and the right prefrontally-connected GPi correlated with less impulsivity on the stop signal reaction time task (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). Greater volume of tissue activation overlap with the non-prefrontally-connected globus pallidus internus was associated with increased impulsivity. CONCLUSION These data can be leveraged to optimize DBS programming in PD patients with problematic impulsivity or in other disorders involving impulsive behaviors such as substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Corresponding Author: Kelly A. Mills, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Meyer 6-181D, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, Phone: 410-502-0133,
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sydney Baybayan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myles Wood
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A. Mills
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding Author: Kelly A. Mills, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Meyer 6-181D, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, Phone: 410-502-0133,
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Marchette RCN, Tunstall BJ, Vendruscolo LF, Moussawi K. Operant Vapor Self-administration in Mice. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4023. [PMID: 34150930 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of drug addiction in rodents are instrumental in understanding the underlying neurobiology. Intravenous self-administration of drugs in mice is currently the most commonly used model; however, several challenges exist due to complications related to catheter patency. To take full advantage of the genetic tools available to study opioid addiction in mice, we developed a non-invasive mouse model of opioid self-administration using vaporized fentanyl. This model can be used to study various aspects of opioid addiction including self-administration, escalation of drug intake, extinction, reinstatement, and drug seeking despite adversity. Further, this model bypasses the limitations of intravenous self-administration and allows the investigation of drug taking over extended periods of time and in conjunction with cutting-edge techniques such as calcium imaging and in vivo electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C N Marchette
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan J Tunstall
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute for Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Gantz SC, Ortiz MM, Belilos AJ, Moussawi K. Excitation of medium spiny neurons by 'inhibitory' ultrapotent chemogenetics via shifts in chloride reversal potential. eLife 2021; 10:64241. [PMID: 33822716 PMCID: PMC8024007 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrapotent chemogenetics, including the chloride-permeable inhibitory PSAM4-GlyR receptor, were recently proposed as a powerful strategy to selectively control neuronal activity in awake, behaving animals. We aimed to validate the inhibitory function of PSAM4-GlyR in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) in the ventral striatum. Activation of PSAM4-GlyR with the uPSEM792 ligand enhanced rather than suppressed the activity of D1-MSNs in vivo as indicated by increased c-fos expression in D1-MSNs and in vitro as indicated by cell-attached recordings from D1-MSNs in mouse brain slices. Whole-cell recordings showed that activation of PSAM4-GlyR depolarized D1-MSNs, attenuated GABAergic inhibition, and shifted the reversal potential of PSAM4-GlyR current to more depolarized potentials, perpetuating the depolarizing effect of receptor activation. These data show that 'inhibitory' PSAM4-GlyR chemogenetics may activate certain cell types and highlight the pitfalls of utilizing chloride conductances to inhibit neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Gantz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Maria M Ortiz
- Biological and Biomedical Neuroscience Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | | | - Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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9
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Moussawi K, Ortiz MM, Gantz SC, Tunstall BJ, Marchette RCN, Bonci A, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Fentanyl vapor self-administration model in mice to study opioid addiction. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc0413. [PMID: 32821843 PMCID: PMC7406365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous drug self-administration is considered the "gold standard" model to investigate the neurobiology of drug addiction in rodents. However, its use in mice is limited by frequent complications of intravenous catheterization. Given the many advantages of using mice in biomedical research, we developed a noninvasive mouse model of opioid self-administration using vaporized fentanyl. Mice readily self-administered fentanyl vapor, titrated their drug intake, and exhibited addiction-like behaviors, including escalation of drug intake, somatic signs of withdrawal, drug intake despite punishment, and reinstatement of drug seeking. Electrophysiological recordings from ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons showed a lower amplitude of GABAB receptor-dependent currents during protracted abstinence from fentanyl vapor self-administration. This mouse model of fentanyl self-administration recapitulates key features of opioid addiction, overcomes limitations of the intravenous model, and allows investigation of the neurobiology of opioid addiction in unprecedented ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Moussawi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M. M. Ortiz
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. C. Gantz
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B. J. Tunstall
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R. C. N. Marchette
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Bonci
- Global Institutes on Addictions, Miami, FL, USA
| | - G. F. Koob
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. F. Vendruscolo
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus is the predominant source of central serotonin, where neuronal activity regulates complex emotional behaviors. Action potential firing of serotonin dorsal raphe neurons is driven via α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) activation. Despite this crucial role, the ion channels responsible for α1-AR-mediated depolarization are unknown. Here, we show in mouse brain slices that α1-AR-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission is mediated by the ionotropic glutamate receptor homolog cation channel, delta glutamate receptor 1 (GluD1). GluD1R-channels are constitutively active under basal conditions carrying tonic inward current and synaptic activation of α1-ARs augments tonic GluD1R-channel current. Further, loss of dorsal raphe GluD1R-channels produces an anxiogenic phenotype. Thus, GluD1R-channels are responsible for α1-AR-dependent induction of persistent pacemaker-type firing of dorsal raphe neurons and regulate dorsal raphe-related behavior. Given the widespread distribution of these channels, ion channel function of GluD1R as a regulator of neuronal excitability is proposed to be widespread in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Gantz
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Neurology DepartmentBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Holly S Hake
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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11
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Moussawi K, Gholipour T, Rao V. A 33-Year-Old Man with Progressive Diffuse and Focal Neuropsychiatric Signs without Localizing Correlates on Brain Imaging: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis. jppd 2020; 4:307-314. [PMID: 35265793 PMCID: PMC8903194 DOI: 10.26502/jppd.2572-519x0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Novel expensive diagnostic tests are rapidly emerging. However, the answer to the most complex clinical presentations is often inferred from a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis. This is especially the case in neuropsychiatric disorders that present with a mix of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. This case report fills a gap in the literature by providing a systematic differential diagnosis of such neuropsychiatric presentations associated with non-focal brain imaging. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old African-American man presented with confusion, weakness, and tremors. He initially noted memory problems and over the following six months progressively became confused, developed speech difficulties and left sided weakness and tremors. On exam, he was predominantly abulic but with intermittent and extreme mood lability. He lacked insight and his attention was poor. He had mild facial weakness and spastic hemiparesis with action tremors on the left side. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain demonstrated non-specific diffuse parenchymal volume loss. His serum and cerebrospinal fluid studies were positive for Rapid Plasma Reagin and Veneral Disease Research Laboratory tests, respectively, suggesting a diagnosis of paretic neurosyphilis. Conclusion: This is a case of a young man with neurosyphilis who presented with progressive subacute cognitive decline, associated with focal neurological signs but no focal lesions on brain imaging. Neurosyphilis is often misdiagnosed on medicine, psychiatry, and neurology inpatient units. In this report, we present an approach to conceptualize similar cases and provide a differential diagnosis that will help reach an accurate diagnosis more efficiently. Further, it raises awareness regarding neurosyphilis, a devastating but easily treatable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Khaled Moussawi, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States,
| | - Taha Gholipour
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vani Rao
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Meltzer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts3Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts3Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Peters ME, Moussawi K, Rao V. Teaching Clinical Reasoning with an Example Mnemonic for the Neuropsychiatric Syndromes of Traumatic Brain Injury. Acad Psychiatry 2018; 42:686-689. [PMID: 29022277 PMCID: PMC5895537 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-017-0831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Peters
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vani Rao
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Francis TC, Gantz SC, Moussawi K, Bonci A. Synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in the ventral tegmental area after chronic cocaine. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 54:66-72. [PMID: 30237117 PMCID: PMC10131346 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine exposure induces persistent changes in synaptic transmission and intrinsic properties of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons. Despite significant progress in understanding cocaine-induced plasticity, an effective treatment of cocaine addiction is lacking. Chronic cocaine potentiates excitatory and alters inhibitory transmission to dopamine neurons, induces dopamine neuron hyperexcitability, and reduces dopamine release in projection areas. Understanding how intrinsic and synaptic plasticity interact to control dopamine neuron firing and dopamine release could prove useful in the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we examine recent literature discussing cocaine-induced plasticity in the VTA and highlight potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Chase Francis
- Intramural Research Program, Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stephanie C Gantz
- Intramural Research Program, Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Intramural Research Program, Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Steele VR, Maxwell AM, Ross TJ, Moussawi K, Abulseoud OO, Stein EA, Salmeron BJ. Report of transient events in a cocaine-dependent volunteer who received iTBS. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:631-633. [PMID: 29429954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Andrea M Maxwell
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Cellular Neurobiological Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osama O Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Moussawi K, Kalivas PW, Lee JW. Abstinence From Drug Dependence After Bilateral Globus Pallidus Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:e79-e80. [PMID: 27311800 PMCID: PMC5238511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neuroscience, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Jong W. Lee
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115,Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, 75 Francis street, Boston, MA, 02115
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- From Harvard Medical School (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Boston; Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dr. Moussawi is currently with the National Institute on Drug Abuse; and the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Anoopum Gupta
- From Harvard Medical School (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Boston; Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dr. Moussawi is currently with the National Institute on Drug Abuse; and the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haatem Reda
- From Harvard Medical School (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Boston; Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G., H.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Department of Neurology (K.M., A.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Dr. Moussawi is currently with the National Institute on Drug Abuse; and the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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18
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Moussawi K, Lin DJ, Matiello M, Chew S, Morganstern D, Vaitkevicius H. Brainstem and limbic encephalitis with paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 23:159-161. [PMID: 26412254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of disorders associated with anti-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) antibody is being extended to include infrequent instances associated with cancer. We describe a patient with brainstem and limbic encephalitis from NMO-immunoglobulin G in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the context of newly diagnosed breast cancer. The neurological features markedly improved with excision of her breast cancer and immune suppressive therapy. This case further broadens the NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) by an association between NMOSD and cancer and raises the question of coincidental occurrence and the appropriate circumstances to search for a tumor in certain instances of NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 835, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 835, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Matiello
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 835, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheena Chew
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wang Ambulatory Care Center, Suite 835, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Morganstern
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henrikas Vaitkevicius
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Inhibitory optogenetics was used to examine the roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and the PL projections to the NAcore in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Rats were microinjected into the PL or NAcore with an adeno-associated virus containing halorhodopsin or archaerhodopsin. After 12 days of cocaine self-administration, followed by extinction training, animals underwent reinstatement testing along with the presence/absence of optically induced inhibition via laser light. Bilateral optical inhibition of the PL, NAcore or the PL fibers in the NAcore inhibited the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Stefanik
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Yonatan M. Kupchik
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Kyle C. Smith
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | | | - Mary L. Huff
- Department of Psychology University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Bioengineering, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry Howard Hughes Medical Institute and CNC Program Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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20
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Kupchik YM, Moussawi K, Tang XC, Wang X, Kalivas BC, Kolokithas R, Ogburn KB, Kalivas PW. The effect of N-acetylcysteine in the nucleus accumbens on neurotransmission and relapse to cocaine. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:978-86. [PMID: 22137594 PMCID: PMC3340445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapse to cocaine seeking has been linked with low glutamate in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) causing potentiation of synaptic glutamate transmission from prefrontal cortex (PFC) afferents. Systemic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to restore glutamate homeostasis, reduce relapse to cocaine seeking, and depotentiate PFC-NAcore synapses. Here, we examine the effects of NAC applied directly to the NAcore on relapse and neurotransmission in PFC-NAcore synapses, as well as the involvement of the metabotropic glutamate receptors 2/3 (mGluR2/3) and 5 (mGluR5). METHODS Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine for 2 weeks and following extinction received either intra-accumbens NAC or systemic NAC 30 or 120 minutes, respectively, before inducing reinstatement with a conditioned cue or a combined cue and cocaine injection. We also recorded postsynaptic currents using in vitro whole cell recordings in acute slices and measured cystine and glutamate uptake in primary glial cultures. RESULTS NAC microinjection into the NAcore inhibited the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. In slices, a low concentration of NAC reduced the amplitude of evoked glutamatergic synaptic currents in the NAcore in an mGluR2/3-dependent manner, while high doses of NAC increased amplitude in an mGluR5-dependent manner. Both effects depended on NAC uptake through cysteine transporters and activity of the cysteine/glutamate exchanger. Finally, we showed that by blocking mGluR5 the inhibition of cocaine seeking by NAC was potentiated. CONCLUSIONS The effect of NAC on relapse to cocaine seeking depends on the balance between stimulating mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 in the NAcore, and the efficacy of NAC can be improved by simultaneously inhibiting mGluR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan M. Kupchik
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Xing-Chun Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Xiusong Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Benjamin C. Kalivas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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21
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Moussawi K, Riegel A, Nair S, Kalivas PW. Extracellular glutamate: functional compartments operate in different concentration ranges. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:94. [PMID: 22275885 PMCID: PMC3254064 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glutamate of glial origin modulates glial and neuronal glutamate release and synaptic plasticity. Estimates of the tonic basal concentration of extracellular glutamate range over three orders of magnitude (0.02-20 μM) depending on the technology employed to make the measurement. Based upon binding constants for glutamate receptors and transporters, this range of concentrations translates into distinct physiological and pathophysiological roles for extracellular glutamate. Here we speculate that the difference in glutamate measurements can be explained if there is patterned membrane surface expression of glutamate release and transporter sites creating extracellular subcompartments that vary in glutamate concentration and are preferentially sampled by different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
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Reichel CM, Moussawi K, Do PH, Kalivas PW, See RE. Chronic N-acetylcysteine during abstinence or extinction after cocaine self-administration produces enduring reductions in drug seeking. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:487-93. [PMID: 21303920 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine prodrug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to reduce reinstatement of cocaine seeking by normalization of glutamatergic tone. However, enduring inhibition of cocaine seeking produced by NAC has not been explored under different withdrawal conditions. Thus, the present study determined whether chronic NAC administered during daily extinction training or daily abstinence after withdrawal from cocaine self-administration would reduce cocaine seeking. Rats self-administered intravenous cocaine during daily 2-h sessions for 12 days, followed by daily extinction or abstinence sessions. During this period, rats received daily injections of saline or NAC (60 or 100 mg/kg). Subsequently, rats were tested for cocaine seeking via conditioned cue, cue + cocaine-primed, and context-induced relapse. Chronic NAC administration blunted cocaine seeking under multiple experimental protocols. Specifically, NAC attenuated responding during cue and cue + cocaine-primed reinstatement tests after extinction and context, cue, and cue + cocaine relapse tests after abstinence. Protection from relapse by NAC persisted well after treatment was discontinued, particularly when the high dose was combined with extinction trials. The finding that NAC reduced cocaine seeking after drug treatment was discontinued has important implications for the development of effective antirelapse medications. These results support recent preclinical and clinical findings that NAC may serve as an effective treatment for inhibiting relapse in cocaine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela M Reichel
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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23
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Moussawi K, Zhou W, Shen H, Reichel CM, See RE, Carr DB, Kalivas PW. Reversing cocaine-induced synaptic potentiation provides enduring protection from relapse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:385-90. [PMID: 21173236 PMCID: PMC3017187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011265108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction remains without an effective pharmacotherapy and is characterized by an inability of addicts to inhibit relapse to drug use. Vulnerability to relapse arises from an enduring impairment in cognitive control of motivated behavior, manifested in part by dysregulated synaptic potentiation and extracellular glutamate homeostasis in the projection from the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens. Here we show in rats trained to self-administer cocaine that the enduring cocaine-induced changes in synaptic potentiation and glutamate homeostasis are mechanistically linked through group II metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. The enduring cocaine-induced changes in measures of cortico-accumbens synaptic and glial transmission were restored to predrug parameters for at least 2 wk after discontinuing chronic treatment with the cystine prodrug, N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine produced these changes by inducing an enduring restoration of nonsynaptic glutamatergic tone onto metabotropic glutamate receptors. The long-lasting pharmacological restoration of cocaine-induced glutamatergic adaptations by chronic N-acetylcysteine also caused enduring inhibition of cocaine-seeking in an animal model of relapse. These data mechanistically link nonsynaptic glutamate to cocaine-induced adaptations in excitatory transmission and demonstrate a mechanism to chronically restore prefrontal to accumbens transmission and thereby inhibit relapse in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Departments of Neurosciences and
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Departments of Neurosciences and
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
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Moussawi K, Kalivas PW. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2/3) in drug addiction. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 639:115-22. [PMID: 20371233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by maladaptive decision-making and dysfunctional brain circuitry regulating motivated behaviors, resulting in loss of the behavioral flexibility needed to abstain from drug seeking. Hence, addicts face high risk of relapse even after prolonged periods of abstinence from drug use. This is thought to result from long-lasting drug-induced neuroadaptations of glutamate and dopaminergic transmission in the mesocorticolimbic and cortico-striatal circuits where group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu(2/3) receptors) are densely expressed. mGlu(2/3) receptors presynaptically control glutamate as well as dopamine release throughout the mesocorticolimbic structures involved in reward processing and drug seeking, and their function is reduced after prolonged exposure to drugs of abuse. In pre-clinical models, mGlu(2/3) receptors have been shown to regulate both reward processing and drug seeking, in part through the capacity to control release of dopamine and glutamate respectively. Specifically, mGlu(2/3) receptor agonists administered systemically or locally into certain brain structures reduce the rewarding value of commonly abused drugs and inhibit the reinstatement of drug seeking. Given the ability of mGlu(2/3) receptor agonists to compensate for and possibly reverse drug-induced neuroadaptations in mesocorticolimbic circuitry, this class of receptors emerges as a new therapeutic target for reducing relapse in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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25
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Moussawi K, Pacchioni A, Moran M, Olive MF, Gass JT, Lavin A, Kalivas PW. N-Acetylcysteine reverses cocaine-induced metaplasticity. Nat Neurosci 2009; 12:182-9. [PMID: 19136971 PMCID: PMC2661026 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is characterized by an impaired ability to develop adaptive behaviors that can compete with cocaine seeking, implying a deficit in the ability to induce plasticity in cortico-accumbens circuitry critical for regulating motivated behavior. RWe found that rats withdrawn from cocaine self-administration had a marked in vivo deficit in the ability to develop long-term potentation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the nucleus accumbens core subregion following stimulation of prefrontal cortex. N-acetylcysteine treatment prevents relapse in animal models and craving in humans by activating cystine-glutamate exchange and thereby stimulating extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). N-acetylcysteine treatment restored the ability to induce LTP and LTD by indirectly stimulating mGluR2/3 and mGluR5, respectively. Cocaine self-administration induces metaplasticity that inhibits the further induction of synaptic plasticity, and this impairment can be reversed by N-acetylcysteine, a drug that also prevents relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue BSB410, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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26
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Toda S, Shen HW, Kosugi S, Moussawi K, Bouknight A, Mammadova A, Zahm DS, Kalivas PW. Altered synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-withdrawn rats. Neurosci Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moussawi K, Kalivas PW. Rewiring Cocaine Addiction: N‐Acetylcysteine Reverses Impaired Plasticity After Chronic Cocaine. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.905.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moussawi
- Neuroscience Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
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