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Kohn EM, Konovalov K, Gomez CA, Hoover GN, Yik AKH, Huang X, Martell JD. Terminal Alkyne-Modified DNA Aptamers with Enhanced Protein Binding Affinities. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1976-1984. [PMID: 37531184 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based receptors, known as aptamers, are relatively fast to discover and manufacture but lack the diverse functional groups of protein receptors (e.g., antibodies). The binding properties of DNA aptamers can be enhanced by attaching abiotic functional groups; for example, aromatic groups such as naphthalene slow dissociation from proteins. Although the terminal alkyne is a π-electron-rich functional group that has been used in small molecule drugs to enhance binding to proteins through noncovalent interactions, it remains unexplored for enhancing DNA aptamer binding affinity. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the terminal alkyne for improving the binding of DNA to proteins. We prepared a library of 256 terminal-alkyne-bearing variants of HD22, a DNA aptamer that binds the protein thrombin with nanomolar affinity. After a one-step thrombin-binding selection, a high-affinity aptamer containing two alkynes was discovered, exhibiting 3.2-fold tighter thrombin binding than the corresponding unmodified sequence. The tighter binding was attributable to a slower rate of dissociation from thrombin (5.2-fold slower than HD22). Molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling by Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (REST2) suggest that the π-electron-rich alkyne interacts with an asparagine side chain N-H group on thrombin, forming a noncovalent interaction that stabilizes the aptamer-protein interface. Overall, this work represents the first case of terminal alkynes enhancing the binding properties of an aptamer and underscores the utility of the terminal alkyne as an atom economical π-electron-rich functional group to enhance binding affinity with minimal steric perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Kohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kirill Konovalov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gillian N Hoover
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew Kai-Hei Yik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Martell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Alijevic O, McHugh D, Rufener L, Mazurov A, Hoeng J, Peitsch M. An electrophysiological characterization of naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids and their action on human α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112187. [PMID: 31865001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype-selective pharmacological profiles of tobacco alkaloids are essential for understanding the physiological effects of tobacco products. In this study, automated electrophysiology was used to functionally characterize the effects of distinct groups of tobacco alkaloids on human α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. We found that, in tobacco alkaloids, pyridine as a hydrogen bond acceptor and a basic nitrogen atom at a distance of 4-7 Å are pharmacophoric elements necessary for molecular recognition by α4β2 and α7 nAChRs with various degrees of selectivity, potency, and efficacy. While four alkaloids-nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and R-anatabine-potently activated α4β2, they were also weak agonists of α7 nAChRs. Nicotine was the most potent agonist of α4β2, while anabasine elicited the highest activation of α7. None of the tobacco alkaloids enhanced nAChR activity elicited by the endogenous ligand acetylcholine; therefore, none was considered to be a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of either α4β2 or α7 nAChRs. In contrast, we identified tobacco alkaloids, such as the tryptophan metabolite 6-hydroxykynurenic acid, that decreased the activity of both α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. Our study identified a class of alkaloids with positive and negative effects against human α4β2 and α7 nAChRs. It also revealed human α4β2 to be the principal receptor for sensing the most abundant alkaloids in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alijevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Damian McHugh
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Anatoly Mazurov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Zheng F, Du X, Chou TH, Robertson AP, Yu EW, VanVeller B, Martin RJ. (S)-5-ethynyl-anabasine, a novel compound, is a more potent agonist than other nicotine alkaloids on the nematode Asu-ACR-16 receptor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 7:12-22. [PMID: 28033523 PMCID: PMC5196235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nematode parasites infect ∼2 billion people world-wide. Infections are treated and prevented by anthelmintic drugs, some of which act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). There is an unmet need for novel therapeutic agents because of concerns about the development of resistance. We have selected Asu-ACR-16 from a significant nematode parasite genus, Ascaris suum, as a pharmaceutical target and nicotine as our basic moiety (EC50 6.21 ± 0.56 μM, Imax 82.39 ± 2.52%) to facilitate the development of more effective anthelmintics. We expressed Asu-ACR-16 in Xenopus oocytes and used two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology to determine agonist concentration-current-response relationships and determine the potencies (EC50s) of the agonists. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel agonist, (S)-5-ethynyl-anabasine, and show that it is more potent (EC50 0.14 ± 0.01 μM) than other nicotine alkaloids on Asu-ACR-16. Agonists acting on ACR-16 receptors have the potential to circumvent drug resistance to anthelmintics, like levamisole, that do not act on the ACR-16 receptors. ACR-16 receptor agonists may overcome resistance to anthelmintics like levamisole. We modeled the Asu-ACR-16 of Ascaris as a target for novel anthelmintic development. We synthesized novel nicotinic agonists including (S)-5-ethynyl-anabasine. We expressed Asu-ACR-16 in Xenopus oocytes to determine agonists potencies. (S)-5-ethynyl-anabasine is more potent (EC50 0.1 μM) than other nicotinic alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Xiangwei Du
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Chou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Edward W Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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4
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Li Y, Liu W, Kuang C. Direct arylation of pyridines without the use of a transition metal catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7124-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02546f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This new reaction proceeds readily at room temperature without the use of any transition metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
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5
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: From basic science to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:22-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang J, Li X, Yuan Q, Ren J, Huang J, Zeng B. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 5-Alkyl Substituted Nicotine Analogs. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Worley JF, Main MJ. An Industrial Perspective on Utilizing Functional Ion Channel Assays for High Throughput Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10606820214643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Peixoto S, Nguyen TM, Crich D, Delpech B, Marazano C. One-Pot Formation of Piperidine- and Pyrrolidine-Substituted Pyridinium Salts via Addition of 5-Alkylaminopenta-2,4-dienals to N-Acyliminium Ions: Application to the Synthesis of (±)-Nicotine and Analogs. Org Lett 2010; 12:4760-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Peixoto
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Crich
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Delpech
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christian Marazano
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Decker MW, Gopalakrishnan M, Meyer MD. The potential of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists for treating CNS conditions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2008; 3:1027-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rao TS, Adams PB, Correa LD, Santori EM, Sacaan AI, Reid RT, Cosford NDP. Pharmacological characterization of (S)-(2)-5-ethynyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine HCl (SIB-1508Y, Altinicline), a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Brain Res 2008; 1234:16-24. [PMID: 18692487 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(S)-(2)-5-ethynyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine HCl (SIB-1508Y, Altinicline), is a subtype-selective neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. In rodents, SIB-1508Y exhibited antidepressant activity, reversed age-related decrements in vigilance, and improved motor and cognitive function in primate models of Parkinson's disease. The goal of the study was to explore neurochemical effects of SIB-1508Y and its isomer, SIB-1680WD. In vitro, SIB-1508Y increased dopamine (DA) release from slices of rat striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), olfactory tubercles (OT) and prefrontal cortices (PFC) in a concentration-dependent manner. Relative to its robust effects on DA release from various brain regions, SIB-1508Y was minimally effective at increasing NE release from hippocampus or PFC, and 5-HT release from PFC. SIB-1680WD was less potent and efficacious than SIB-1508Y, but did not act as a partial agonist. Subcutaneous injection of SIB-1508Y (10 mg/kg) increased striatal DA release and this release was sensitive to blockade by the non-competitive nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine (Mec). SIB-1508Y also increased hippocampal ACh release selectively without affecting striatal ACh release. Hippocampal ACh release evoked by SIB-1508Y was attenuated by nAChR antagonists Mec and Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), and also by the DA D1 receptor antagonist, SCH-23390. These results are consistent with previously established pharmacology of nAChR regulation of hippocampal ACh release. Repeated administration of SIB-1508Y did not result in an enhanced striatal DA release or hippocampal ACh release. In summary, the abilities of SIB-1508Y to release multiple neurotransmitters in distinct brain regions may contribute to its behavioral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadimeti S Rao
- Merck Research Laboratories, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Camerino DC, Desaphy JF, Tricarico D, Pierno S, Liantonio A. Therapeutic Approaches to Ion Channel Diseases. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2008; 64:81-145. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)00804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Altinicline (SIB-1508Y), an anti-Parkinson's agent, was prepared in five steps from natural nicotine in 32% overall yield via a regioselective substitution of the pyridine ring of (S)-nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence F Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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13
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Janhunen S, Ahtee L. Differential nicotinic regulation of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways: implications for drug development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 31:287-314. [PMID: 17141870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulate dopaminergic function. Discovery of their multiplicity has lead to the search for subtype-selective nAChR agonists that might be therapeutically beneficial in diseases linked to brain dopaminergic pathways. The regulation and responses of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways are often similar, but some differences do exist. The cerebral distribution and characteristics of various nAChR subtypes differ between nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems. Nicotine preferentially stimulates the mesolimbic pathway, whereas epibatidine's stimulatory effect falls on the nigrostriatal pathway. Thus, it may be possible to stimulate the nigrostriatal pathway with selective nAChR agonists that do not significantly affect the mesolimbic pathway, and thus lack addictive properties. Furthermore, dopamine uptake inhibition revealed a novel inhibitory effect of epibatidine on accumbal dopamine release, which could form a basis for novel antipsychotics that could alleviate the elevated accumbal dopaminergic tone found in schizophrenia during the active psychotic state. Different regulation of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways by nAChRs could be an important basis for developing novel drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Janhunen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland.
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Comins DL, Smith ED. A six-step synthesis of (S)-5-ethenyl-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine (SIB-1508Y) from (S)-nicotine. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Jensen AA, Frølund B, Liljefors T, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: structural revelations, target identifications, and therapeutic inspirations. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4705-45. [PMID: 16033252 DOI: 10.1021/jm040219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders A Jensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Farvolden P, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. Recent developments in the psychobiology and pharmacotherapy of depression: optimising existing treatments and novel approaches for the future. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12:65-86. [PMID: 12517255 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Effective antidepressants include monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and novel agents, including serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors. Although effective, current treatments most often produce partial symptomatic improvement (response) rather than symptom resolution and optimal functioning (remission). While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) may have distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other neurobiological systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. In this article a review of current pharmacotherapeutic options for MDD, current understanding of the neurobiology and pathogenesis of MDD and a review of new and promising directions in pharmacological research will be provided. It is generally accepted that no single neurotransmitter or system is responsible for the dysregulation found in MDD. While agents that affect monoaminergic systems will likely continue to be first-line treatments for MDD for the foreseeable future, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, substance P antagonists and antiglucocorticoids show considerable promise for refining treatment options. In order to better understand the neurobiology and treatment response of MDD, it is probable that more sophisticated theory-driven typologies of MDD will have to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Farvolden
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Auld DS, Kornecook TJ, Bastianetto S, Quirion R. Alzheimer's disease and the basal forebrain cholinergic system: relations to beta-amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatment strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2002; 68:209-45. [PMID: 12450488 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of degenerative dementia and is characterized by progressive impairment in cognitive function during mid- to late-adult life. Brains from AD patients show several distinct neuropathological features, including extracellular beta-amyloid-containing plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of abnormally phosphorylated tau, and degeneration of cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. In this review, we will present evidence implicating involvement of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in AD pathogenesis and its accompanying cognitive deficits. We will initially discuss recent results indicating a link between cholinergic mechanisms and the pathogenic events that characterize AD, notably amyloid-beta peptides. Following this, animal models of dementia will be discussed in light of the relationship between basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction and cognitive impairments in AD. Finally, past, present, and future treatment strategies aimed at alleviating the cognitive symptomatology of AD by improving basal forebrain cholinergic function will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Auld
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 Blvd Lasalle, Verdun, Que, Canada H4H 1R3
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Felpin FX, Bertrand MJ, Lebreton J. Enantioselective reduction of heteroaromatic β,γ-unsaturated ketones as an alternative to allylboration of aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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