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Feng L, Wei S, Li Y. Thaumatin-like Proteins in Legumes: Functions and Potential Applications-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38674533 PMCID: PMC11055134 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) comprise a complex and evolutionarily conserved protein family that participates in host defense and several developmental processes in plants, fungi, and animals. Importantly, TLPs are plant host defense proteins that belong to pathogenesis-related family 5 (PR-5), and growing evidence has demonstrated that they are involved in resistance to a variety of fungal diseases in many crop plants, particularly legumes. Nonetheless, the roles and underlying mechanisms of the TLP family in legumes remain unclear. The present review summarizes recent advances related to the classification, structure, and host resistance of legume TLPs to biotic and abiotic stresses; analyzes and predicts possible protein-protein interactions; and presents their roles in phytohormone response, root nodule formation, and symbiosis. The characteristics of TLPs provide them with broad prospects for plant breeding and other uses. Searching for legume TLP genetic resources and functional genes, and further research on their precise function mechanisms are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
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Gao Z, Sun M, Shao C, Chen Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Wang J, Chen X. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of the TaTLP gene family in wheat and functional characterization of the TaTLP44 in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108323. [PMID: 38183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot is a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, which occurs in many countries worldwide and significantly reduces the yield. Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), also known as PR5, is a member of the pathogen response protein family and plays an essential role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. In this study, 131 TaTLP genes were identified from the wheat genome, of which 38 TaTLPs were newly discovered. The TaTLP gene family contains many tandem duplications and fragment duplications, which is a major pathway for gene amplification. Besides, we also analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure and promoter cis-acting regulatory elements of all the TaTLP genes. In addition, the expression patterns of nine TaTLPs in response to R. cerealis were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Six TaTLP proteins expressed in vitro had no significant inhibitory effect on R. cerealis, suggesting that these TaTLP proteins may function in other ways. Finally, we performed gene silencing of TaTLP44 in wheat, which increased the expression of some defense-associated genes and improved resistance to R. cerealis. In summary, we systematically analyzed TaTLP family members and demonstrated that TaTLP44 negatively regulates the resistance to R. cerealis by controlling expression of defense-associated genes. These results provide new insights into the functional mechanism of TaTLP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Nava-Solis U, Rodriguez-Canales M, Hernandez-Hernandez AB, Velasco-Melgoza DA, Moreno-Guzman BP, Rodriguez-Monroy MA, Canales-Martinez MM. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis laevigata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20807. [PMID: 36460709 PMCID: PMC9718812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has highlighted the need to search for new compounds that can effectively combat infectious diseases. A potential source of these compounds are the secondary metabolites of species that have been reported as effective traditional treatments of such diseases. Prosopis laevigata is a medicinal plant, and its chemical constituents have shown potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Prosopis laevigata against different bacterial and fungal strains of medical and agronomic interest were investigated in vitro. In addition, the chemical composition of this extract was investigated by HPLC-DAD, GC‒MS, and HPLC‒MS. The methanolic leaf extract contained 67 mg of GAE/g of total phenols (6.7%), 2.6 mg of QE/g of flavonoids (0.26%), and 11.87 mg of AE/g of total alkaloids (1.18%). Phenolic acids and catechol were the compounds identified by HPLC-DAD. The methanolic extract had strong antimicrobial activity, especially against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.62 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.62 mg/mL), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 0.08 mg/mL) and Fusarium moniliforme (MIC = 4.62 mg/mL). These results suggest that the extract of P. laevigata leaves could be a source of antimicrobial molecules. However, it is necessary to delve into its chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Nava-Solis
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Mario Rodriguez-Canales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Ana Bertha Hernandez-Hernandez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - David Arturo Velasco-Melgoza
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Brenda Paola Moreno-Guzman
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
| | - María Margarita Canales-Martinez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología Y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, C.P. 54090 México
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4
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Protein extraction from microalgae residue and nutritional assessment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1879-1888. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The Updated Review on Plant Peptides and Their Applications in Human Health. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:135. [PMID: 35911180 PMCID: PMC9326430 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active plant peptides, consisting of secondary metabolites, are compounds (amino acids) utilized by plants in their defense arsenal. Enzymatic processes and metabolic pathways secrete these plant peptides. They are also known for their medicinal value and have been incorporated in therapeutics of major human diseases. Nevertheless, its limitations (low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, poor absorption, low abundance, improper metabolism, etc.) have demanded a need to explore further and discover other new plant compounds that overcome these limitations. Keeping this in mind, therapeutic plant proteins can be excellent remedial substitutes for bodily affliction. A multitude of these peptides demonstrates anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-HIV, and neuro-regulating properties. This article's main aim is to list out and report the status of various therapeutic plant peptides and their prospective status as peptide-based drugs for multiple diseases (infectious and non-infectious). The feasibility of these compounds in the imminent future has also been discussed.
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Medina-Romero YM, Rodriguez-Canales M, Rodriguez-Monroy MA, Hernandez-Hernandez AB, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, Cruz-Sanchez T, Garcia-Tovar CG, Canales-Martinez MM. Effect of the Essential Oils of Bursera morelensis and Lippia graveolens and Five Pure Compounds on the Mycelium, Spore Production, and Germination of Species of Fusarium. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060617. [PMID: 35736100 PMCID: PMC9224590 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Fusarium causes many diseases in economically important plants. Synthetic agents are used to control postharvest diseases caused by Fusarium, but the use of these synthetic agents generates several problems, making it necessary to develop new alternative pesticides. Essential oils can be used as a new control strategy. The essential oils of Bursera morelensis and Lippia graveolens have been shown to have potent antifungal activity against Fusarium. However, for the adequate management of diseases, as well as the optimization of the use of essential oils, it is necessary to know how essential oils act on the growth and reproduction of the fungus. In this study, the target of action of the essential oils of B. morelensis and L. graveolens and of the pure compounds present in the essential oils (carvacrol, p-cymene, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, and Υ-terpinene) was determined by evaluating the effect on hyphal morphology, as well as on spore production and germination of three Fusarium species. In this work, carvacrol was found to be the compound that produced the highest inhibition of radial growth. Essential oils and pure compounds caused significant damage to hyphal morphology and affected spore production and germination of Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoli Mariana Medina-Romero
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (Y.M.M.-R.); (A.B.H.-H.)
| | - Mario Rodriguez-Canales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (M.R.-C.); (M.A.R.-M.)
| | - Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (M.R.-C.); (M.A.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Bertha Hernandez-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (Y.M.M.-R.); (A.B.H.-H.)
| | - Norma Laura Delgado-Buenrostro
- Laboratorio 10, Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Laboratorio 10, Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios Numero 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Tonatiuh Cruz-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Gerardo Garcia-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Morfología Veterniaria y Biología Celular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastian Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz CP 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (Y.M.M.-R.); (A.B.H.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-27-69-21-73
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Sang X, Wang T, Gong H, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Wang H. Genome-Wide Identification of the Thaumatin-like Protein Family Genes in Gossypium barbadense and Analysis of Their Responses to Verticillium dahliae Infection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122647. [PMID: 34961118 PMCID: PMC8708996 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Plants respond to pathogen challenge by activating a defense system involving pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The PR-5 family includes thaumatin, thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), and other related proteins. TLPs play an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many TLP-encoding genes have been identified and functionally characterized in the model plant species. (2) Results: We identified a total of 90 TLP genes in the G. barbadense genome. They were phylogenetically classified into 10 subfamilies and distributed across 19 chromosomes and nine scaffolds. The genes were characterized by examining their exon-intron structures, promoter cis-elements, conserved domains, synteny and collinearity, gene family evolution, and gene duplications. Several TLP genes were predicted to be targets of miRNAs. Investigation of expression changes of 21 GbTLPs in a G. barbadense cultivar (Hai7124) resistance to Verticillium dahliae revealed 13 GbTLPs being upregulated in response to V. dahliae infection, suggesting a potential role of these GbTLP genes in disease response. (3) Conclusions: The results of this study allow insight into the GbTLP gene family, identify GbTLP genes responsive to V. dahliae infection, and provide candidate genes for future studies of their roles in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Xiaohui Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
| | - Haiyan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Pei Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (W.C.); (X.S.); (H.G.)
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Essential oils of Bursera morelensis and Lippia graveolens for the development of a new biopesticides in postharvest control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20135. [PMID: 34635777 PMCID: PMC8505479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops that are not consumed immediately, unlike other agricultural products, require economic and time investments until they reach the final consumers. Synthetic agrochemicals are used to maintain and prolong the storage life of crops and avoid losses caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms. However, the excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals creates health problems and contributes to environmental pollution. To avoid these problems, less toxic and environment-friendly alternatives are sought. One of these alternatives is the application of biopesticides. However, few biopesticides are currently used. In this study, the biopesticide activity of Bursera morelensis and Lippia graveolens essential oils was evaluated. Their antifungal activity has been verified in an in vitro model, and chemical composition has been determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their antifungal activity was corroborated in vitro, and their activity as biopesticides was subsequently evaluated in a plant model. In addition, the persistence of these essential oils on the surface of the plant model was determined. Results suggest that both essential oils are promising candidates for producing biopesticides. This is the first study showing that B. morelensis and L. graveolens essential oils work by inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination and are environment-friendly biopesticides.
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Induction of Defense Responses in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings by Methyl Jasmonate and Response to Heterobasidion annosum and Lophodermium seditiosum Inoculation. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The induction of defense responses in Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was investigated in three experiments. Two different MeJA application methods were tested, and induction of defense responses was assayed by seedling inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley and Millar. In the first experiment, five-year-old P. sylvestris ramets of one clone were directly treated with MeJA, followed by inoculation with H. annosum. In the second experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by direct spraying and vaporization, and inoculation with H. annosum was done using a slightly modified protocol. In the third experiment, open-pollinated Scots pine seedlings were treated with MeJA by vaporization and inoculated with L. seditiosum. Direct application of MeJA induced seedling mortality, and in some cases, decreased resistance to inoculation with H. annosum. Application of MeJA by vaporization was less stressful for seedlings, and resulted in increased resistance to both H. annosum and L. seditiosum. In addition, an unforeseen Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) and Hylobius abietis L. infestation provided anecdotal evidence of the efficacy of MeJA in inducing resistance to insect pests as well. Further studies are required on the induction of resistance to additional diseases and pests. Induced resistance could be used as a possible protective mechanism for Scots pine seedlings prior to planting during reforestation of stands to increase vitality and survival.
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Wani SS, Dar PA, Zargar SM, Dar TA. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plant Proteins: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:443-487. [PMID: 31746291 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119095624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active molecules obtained from plant sources, mostly including secondary metabolites, have been considered to be of immense value with respect to the treatment of various human diseases. However, some inevitable limitations associated with these secondary metabolites like high cytotoxicity, low bioavailability, poor absorption, low abundance, improper metabolism, etc., have forced the scientific community to explore medicinal plants for alternate biologically active molecules. In this context, therapeutically active proteins/peptides from medicinal plants have been promoted as a promising therapeutic intervention for various human diseases. A large number of proteins isolated from the medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, anticancerous, ribosome-inactivating and neuro-modulatory activities. Moreover, with advanced technological developments in the medicinal plant research, medicinal plant proteins such as Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor and Mistletoe Lectin-I are presently under clinical trials against prostate cancer, oral carcinomas and malignant melanoma. Despite these developments and proteins being potential drug candidates, to date, not a single systematic review article has documented the therapeutical potential of the available biologically active medicinal plant proteome. The present article was therefore designed to describe the current status of the therapeutically active medicinal plant proteins/peptides vis-à-vis their potential as future protein-based drugs for various human diseases. Future insights in this direction have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snober Shabeer Wani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajad M Zargar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Srinagar, Shalimar-190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tanveer A Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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11
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Kaur R, Sharma P, Gupta GK, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar D. Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E2070. [PMID: 32365518 PMCID: PMC7249135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Girish K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot 145001, India;
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India; (R.K.); (P.S.)
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He X, Fang J, Chen X, Zhao Z, Li Y, Meng Y, Huang L. Actinidia chinensis Planch.: A Review of Chemistry and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1236. [PMID: 31736750 PMCID: PMC6833939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinidia chinensis Planch. (A. chinensis), commonly known as Chinese kiwifruit, is a China native fruit, which becomes increasingly popular due to attractive economic, nutritional, and health benefits properties. The whole plant including fruits, leaves, vines, and roots of A. chinensis are used mainly as food or additive in food products and as folk medicine in China. It is a good source of triterpenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, carbohydrate, amino acid, and minerals. These constituents render the A. chinensis with a wide range of pharmacological properties including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, hypolipemic, antidiabetic, and cardiovascular protective activities, suggesting that it may possibly be value in the prevention and treatment of pathologies associated to cancer, oxidative stress, and aging. This minireview provides a brief knowledge about the recent advances in chemistry, biological activities, utilization, and storage of Chinese kiwifruit. Future research directions on how to better use of this crop are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zefeng Zhao
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibing Meng
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhong Huang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
In this study, the drying of kiwi fruit in a convective dryer is examined experimentally. Air velocity, thickness of the slices and drying time are the varied parameters in drying process. In the experimental study, kiwi slices having thickness of 4 and 8 mm are dried in the dryer under the conditions of 45 °C temperature of the drying air, 10% relative humidity and 0.5–1.5 m/s drying air velocity. In addition to the tests, the effects of mentioned drying parameters on drying are analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method to find the contribution rate of each parameter. For this aim, an orthogonal array is arranged by using Taguchi design of experiment method. As the results of experiments and variance analysis, it has been determined that, drying air velocity plays a significant effect on total drying time. The minimum drying time (225 min) is achieved for 1.5 m/s for 4 mm slices, and the maximum drying time (750 min) is achieved for 0.5 m/s for the kiwi sample sliced 8 mm thick. It is also concluded that, working with the convective dryer at different velocities is advantageous in terms of preserving brightness and color quality.
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Meireles B, Usié A, Barbosa P, Fortes AM, Folgado A, Chaves I, Carrasquinho I, Costa RL, Gonçalves S, Teixeira RT, Ramos AM, Nóbrega F. Characterization of the cork formation and production transcriptome in Quercus cerris × suber hybrids. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:535-549. [PMID: 30042611 PMCID: PMC6041232 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cork oak is the main cork-producing species worldwide, and plays a significant economic, ecological and social role in the Mediterranean countries, in particular in Portugal and Spain. The ability to produce cork is limited to a few species, hence it must involve specific regulation mechanisms that are unique to these species. However, to date, these mechanisms remain largely understudied, especially with approaches involving the use of high-throughput sequencing technology. In this study, the transcriptome of cork-producing and non-cork-producing Quercus cerris × suber hybrids was analyzed in order to elucidate the differences between the two groups of trees displaying contrasting phenotypes for cork production. The results revealed the presence of a significant number of genes exclusively associated with cork production, in the trees that developed cork. Moreover, several gene ontology subcategories, such as cell wall biogenesis, lipid metabolic processes, metal ion binding and apoplast/cell wall, were only detected in the trees with cork production. These results indicate the existence, at the transcriptome level, of mechanisms that seem to be unique and necessary for cork production, which is an advancement in our knowledge regarding the genetic regulation behind cork formation and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida Meireles
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Usié
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbosa
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BIOISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Folgado
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Inês Chaves
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Isabel Carrasquinho
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Lourenço Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Present Address: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB101SA UK
| | - Rita Teresa Teixeira
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade de Lisboa (ISA), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Marcos Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Filomena Nóbrega
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
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Antifungal Activity of an Abundant Thaumatin-Like Protein from Banana against Penicillium expansum, and Its Possible Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061442. [PMID: 29899211 PMCID: PMC6099679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thaumatin-like protein from banana (designated BanTLP) has been purified by employing a simple protocol consisting of diethylaminoethyl Sephadex (DEAE⁻Sephadex) chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G50, and reversed-phase chromatography. The purified protein was identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, with an estimated molecular weight of 22.1 kDa. BanTLP effectively inhibited in vitro spore germination of Penicillium expansum, one of the main postharvest pathogens in fruits. This study further investigated the antifungal properties and underlying mechanisms of BanTLP against P. expansum. Results demonstrated that BanTLP exhibited antifungal activity in a wide pH range (4.0⁻10.0) at 20⁻50 °C. Propidium iodide (PI) influx and potassium release confirmed that BanTLP induced membrane disruption of the test pathogen, increasing the membrane permeability and disintegration of the cell. This led to cell death, as evidenced by the assays of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) content, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence integrity. Ultrastructural alterations in P. expansum conidia after BanTLP treatment revealed severe damage to the cell wall. These results suggest that BanTLP purified from banana exerts antifungal activity against P. expansum by inducing plasma membrane disturbance and cell wall disorganization.
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Bayer SB, Gearry RB, Drummond LN. Putative mechanisms of kiwifruit on maintenance of normal gastrointestinal function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2432-2452. [PMID: 28557573 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1327841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruits are recognized as providing relief from constipation and symptoms of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). However, the underlying mechanisms, specifically in regards to gastrointestinal transit time and motility, are still not completely understood. This review provides an overview on the physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying constipation and IBS-C, the composition of kiwifruit, and recent advances in the research of kiwifruit and abdominal comfort. In addition, gaps in the research are highlighted and scientific studies of other foods with known effects on the gastrointestinal tract are consulted to find likely mechanisms of action. While the effects of kiwifruit fiber are well documented, observed increases in gastrointestinal motility caused by kiwifruit are not fully characterized. There are a number of identified mechanisms that may be activated by kiwifruit compounds, such as the induction of motility via protease-activated signaling, modulation of microflora, changes in colonic methane status, bile flux, or mediation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Birgit Bayer
- a Department of Pathology , Center for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Richard Blair Gearry
- b Department of Medicine , University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Lynley Ngaio Drummond
- c Drummond Food Science Advisory Ltd. , 1137 Drain Road, Killinchy RD 2, Leeston , New Zealand
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Hernandez-Hernandez AB, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Almanza-Perez JC, Nieto-Yañez O, Olivares-Sanchez JM, Duran-Diaz A, Rodriguez-Monroy MA, Canales-Martinez MM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, wound-healing effectiveness and chemical characterization of the latex of Jatropha neopauciflora Pax. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:1-7. [PMID: 28392457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha neopauciflora Pax is an endemic species to Mexico, and its latex is used in traditional medicine to treat mouth infections when there are loose teeth and to heal wounds. In this research, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity, wound healing efficacy and chemical characterization of J. neopauciflora latex in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial activity was determined using Gram positive and negative strains, the antifungal activity was determined using yeast and filamentous fungi, and the wound healing efficacy of the latex was determined using the tensiometric method. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the plantar oedema model in rats, administering the latex orally and topically. Cytotoxic activity was determined in vitro in two different cell lines. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, reducing carbohydrates and latex proteins were quantified. The latex analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Finally, molecular exclusion chromatography was performed. RESULTS The latex demonstrated antibacterial activity. The most sensitive strains were Gram positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus (MIC=2mg/mL), and the latex had bacteriostatic activity. The latex did not show antifungal activity. The latex demonstrated a wound-healing efficacy, even the positive control (Recoveron). The orally administered latex demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory activity and was not toxic to either of the 2 cell lines. The latex had a high antioxidant capacity (SA50=5.4µg/mL), directly related to the total phenolic (6.9mg GAE/mL) and flavonoid (12.53µg QE/mL) concentration. The carbohydrate concentration was 18.52µg/mL, and fructose was the most abundantly expressed carbohydrate in the latex (14.63µg/mL, 79.03%). Additionally, the latex contained proteins (7.62µg/mL) in its chemical constitution. As secondary metabolites, the HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenols and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS The J. neopauciflora latex promotes the wound healing process by avoiding microorganism infections, inhibiting inflammation and acting as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Hernandez-Hernandez
- Posgrado en Biologia Experimental, Division en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico; Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico
| | - F J Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - J C Almanza-Perez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - O Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Medicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico
| | - J M Olivares-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico
| | - A Duran-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico
| | - M A Rodriguez-Monroy
- Carrera de Medicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico
| | - M M Canales-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Mex, Mexico.
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18
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López EIC, Balcázar MFH, Mendoza JMR, Ortiz ADR, Melo MTO, Parrales RS, Delgado TH. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe (Zingiberaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.87104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Hernández-Hernández AB, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Jiménez-Estrada M, Hernández-Portilla LB, Flores-Ortiz CM, Rodríguez-Monroy MA, Canales-Martínez M. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JATROPHA NEOPAUCIFLORA PAX. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 14:32-42. [PMID: 28331913 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnopharmacological relevance. Jatropha neopauciflora (Pax) is an endemic species of the Tehuacan- Cuicatlan Valley, Mexico. This species has long been used as a remedy to alleviate illnesses of bacterial, fungal and viral origin. Aim of the study. Experimentally test the traditional use of Jatropha neopauciflora in Mexican traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract (MeOH1), of Jatropha neopauciflora (Euphorbiaceae) was obtained by maceration. Next, the methanol (MeOH2) and hexane (H) fractions were obtained. The essential oil was obtained by hydro- distillation. The extract, fractions and essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was measured by the disc diffusion agar and radial inhibition growth methods. RESULTS The extract and fractions showed antibacterial activity against eleven strains (five Gram-positive and six Gram- negative) and a bacteriostatic effect in the survival curves for Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. The extract and fractions were also shown to have antifungal activity, particularly against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (CF50 = MeOH1: 1.07 mg/mL, MeOH2: 1.32 mg/mL and H: 1.08 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity of MeOH1 (68.6 μg/mL) was higher than for MeOH2 (108.1 μg/mL). The main compounds of the essential oil were β-pinene, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, ledene, m- menthane, linalyl acetate and 3-carene. The main compounds of MeOH1 were β-sitosterol, lupeol and pyrogallol; the main compounds of MeOH2 were β-sitosterol, spathulenol, coniferyl alcohol and lupeol; and the main compounds of H were β-sitostenone, γ-sitosterol and stigmasterol. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that Jatropha neopauciflora is a potential antibacterial and antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Hernández-Hernández
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, División en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México; Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México
| | - F J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, UAM-I, México, D.F., México
| | | | - L B Hernández-Portilla
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO y Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - C M Flores-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO y Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - M A Rodríguez-Monroy
- Carrera de Medicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México
| | - M Canales-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México
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FITOQUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS DE PLANTAS DE IMPORTANCIA EN LA MEDICINA TRADICIONAL DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Yan J, Yuan SS, Jiang LL, Ye XJ, Ng TB, Wu ZJ. Plant antifungal proteins and their applications in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4961-81. [PMID: 25971197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are far more complex organisms than viruses or bacteria and can develop numerous diseases in plants that cause loss of a substantial portion of the crop every year. Plants have developed various mechanisms to defend themselves against these fungi which include the production of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites and proteins and peptides with antifungal activity. In this review, families of plant antifungal proteins (AFPs) including defensins, lectins, and several others will be summarized. Moreover, the application of AFPs in agriculture will also be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China,
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Abstract
While kiwifruit has a high nutritive and health value, a small proportion of the world's population appears to be allergic to the fruit. IgE-mediated kiwifruit allergy is often associated with birch and grass pollinosis as well as with latex allergy. Isolated allergy to kiwifruit is also relatively common and often severe. Eleven green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) allergens recognized to date are termed as Act d 1 through Act d 11. Bet v 1 homologue (Act d 8) and profilin (Act d 9) are important allergens in polysensitized subjects, whereas actinidin (Act d 1) is important in kiwifruit monosensitized subjects. Differences in allergenicity have been found among kiwifruit cultivars. Allergy sufferers might benefit from the selection and breeding of low-allergenic kiwifruit cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Liao JC, Lin KH, Cheng HY, Wu JB, Hsieh MT, Peng WH. Actinidia rubricaulisAttenuates Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 35:81-8. [PMID: 17265553 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extracts of Actinidia rubricaulis (AR) on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4) in rats. CCl4(20%, 0.5 ml/rat) was given twice a week for 8 weeks, and animals received AR throughout the entire experimental period. AR reduced the elevated levels of serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (sGOT) and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) caused by CCl4at weeks 1,3,6, and 8. The biochemical data were consistent with those of the histological observations. The AR extract recovered the CCl4-induced liver injury and showed antioxidant effect in assays of antioxidant enzyme activity, such as SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd. Based on these results, we suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of the AR is related to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- Graduated Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Ye XJ, Ng TB, Wu ZJ, Xie LH, Fang EF, Wong JH, Pan WL, Wing SSC, Zhang YB. Protein from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) seeds with antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10232-10238. [PMID: 21830763 DOI: 10.1021/jf201874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 30 kDa antifungal protein was purified from red cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) seeds. It exhibited a molecular mass and N-terminal amino acid sequence disinct from those of previously isolated Brassica antifungal proteins. The protocol used entailed ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose followed by fast protein liquid chromatography on Mono S. The protein hindered mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola (with an IC50=5 μM), Setospaeria turcica, and Bipolaris maydis. It also inhibited the yeast Candida albicans with an IC50=96 μM. It exerted its antifungal action by permeabilizing the fungal membrane as evidenced by staining with Sytox green. The antifungal activity was stable from pH 3 to 11 and from 0 to 65 °C. It manifested antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50=53 μM). Furthermore, after 48 h of culture, it suppressed proliferation of nasopharyngeal cancer and hepatoma cells with IC50=50 and 90 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Ye
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China.
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26
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El-kereamy A, El-sharkawy I, Ramamoorthy R, Taheri A, Errampalli D, Kumar P, Jayasankar S. Prunus domestica pathogenesis-related protein-5 activates the defense response pathway and enhances the resistance to fungal infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17973. [PMID: 21448276 PMCID: PMC3063165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related protein-5 (PR-5) has been implicated in plant disease resistance and its antifungal activity has been demonstrated in some fruit species. However, their roles, especially their interactions with the other defense responses in plant cells, are still not fully understood. In this study, we have cloned and characterized a new PR-5 cDNA named PdPR5-1 from the European plum (Prunus domestica). Expression of PdPR5-1 was studied in different cultivars varying in resistance to the brown rot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Monilinia fructicola. In addition transgenic Arabidopsis, ectopically expressing PdPR5-1 was used to study its role in other plant defense responses after fungal infection. We show that the resistant cultivars exhibited much higher levels of transcripts than the susceptible cultivars during fruit ripening. However, significant rise in the transcript levels after infection with M. fructicola was observed in the susceptible cultivars too. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited more resistance to Alternaria brassicicola. Further, there was a significant increase in the transcripts of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and phytoalexin (camalexin) pathway leading to an increase in camalexin content after fungal infection. Our results show that PdPR5-1 gene, in addition to its anti-fungal properties, has a possible role in activating other defense pathways, including phytoalexin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf El-kereamy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Vineland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Islam El-sharkawy
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Vineland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rengasamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ali Taheri
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deena Errampalli
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Q, Li F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Zhang S, Wu Z. Purification and characterization of a CkTLP protein from Cynanchum komarovii seeds that confers antifungal activity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16930. [PMID: 21364945 PMCID: PMC3043079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynanchum komarovii Al Iljinski is a desert plant that has been used as analgesic, anthelminthic and antidiarrheal, but also as a herbal medicine to treat cholecystitis in people. We have found that the protein extractions from C. komarovii seeds have strong antifungal activity. There is strong interest to develop protein medication and antifungal pesticides from C. komarovii for pharmacological or other uses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An antifungal protein with sequence homology to thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) was isolated from C. komarovii seeds and named CkTLP. The three-dimensional structure prediction of CkTLP indicated the protein has an acid cleft and a hydrophobic patch. The protein showed antifungal activity against fungal growth of Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Valsa mali. The full-length cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR according to the partial protein sequences obtained by nanoESI-MS/MS. The real-time PCR showed the transcription level of CkTLP had a significant increase under the stress of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), NaCl and drought, which indicates that CkTLP may play an important role in response to abiotic stresses. Histochemical staining showed GUS activity in almost the whole plant, especially in cotyledons, trichomes and vascular tissues of primary root and inflorescences. The CkTLP protein was located in the extracellular space/cell wall by CkTLP::GFP fusion protein in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, over-expression of CkTLP significantly enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis against V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that the CkTLP is a good candidate protein or gene for contributing to the development of disease-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Wu
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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28
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Wu X, Sun J, Zhang G, Wang H, Ng TB. An antifungal defensin from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'Cloud Bean'. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:104-109. [PMID: 20729048 PMCID: PMC7126286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An antifungal peptide with a defensin-like sequence and exhibiting a molecular mass of 7.3kDa was purified from dried seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris 'Cloud Bean'. The isolation procedure entailed anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography an Affi-gel blue gel, cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. Although the antifungal peptide was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, it was adsorbed on both Affi-gel blue gel and SP-Sepharose. The antifungal peptide exerted antifungal activity against Mycosphaerella arachidicola with an IC(50) value of 1.8 μM. It was also active against Fusarium oxysporum with an IC(50) value of 2.2 μM. It had no inhibitory effect on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase when tested up to 100 μM. Proliferation of L1210 mouse leukemia cells and MBL2 lymphoma cells was inhibited by the antifungal peptide with an IC(50) of 10 μM and 40 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Wong JH, Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Ye XJ, Wang HX, Lam SK, Lin P, Chan YS, Fang EF, Ngai PHK, Xia LX, Ye XY, Jiang Y, Liu F. Proteins with antifungal properties and other medicinal applications from plants and mushrooms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1221-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Aims: To isolate and characterize an antifungal peptide from the seeds of Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey. Methods and Results: An antifungal peptide designated as brassiparin was isolated. It exhibited a molecular mass of 5716 Da. It potently inhibited mycelial growth in a number of fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium maydis, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Valsa mali. The antifungal activity of brassiparin toward M. arachidicola exhibited pronounced thermostability and pH stability. It inhibited proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells and the activity of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. Its N‐terminal sequence differed from those of antifungal proteins which have been reported to date. Conclusions: Brassiparin can be purified by using a protocol involving ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and gel filtration. It manifests potent, thermostable and pH‐stable antifungal activity. It demonstrates antiproliferative activity toward tumour cells, and inhibitory activity toward HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. Thus, brassiparin is a defense protein. Significance and Impact of the Study: Brassiparin represents one of the few antifungal proteins reported to date from Brassica species. Its antifungal activity has pronounced pH stability and thermostability. Brassiparin exhibits other exploitable activities such as antiproliferative activity toward hepatoma and breast cancer cells and inhibitory activity toward HIV‐reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Ye X, Ng TB. Isolation and characterization of juncin, an antifungal protein from seeds of Japanese Takana (Brassica juncea Var. integrifolia). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4366-4371. [PMID: 19354248 DOI: 10.1021/jf8035337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An 18.9 kDa antifungal protein designated juncin was isolated from seeds of the Japanese takana (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia). The purification protocol employed comprised anion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, cation exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. Juncin was adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and SP-Sepharose but unadsorbed on Q-Sepharose. The protein exhibited antifungal activity toward the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium maydis, and Mycosphaerella arachidicola with IC(50) values of 13.5, 27, and 10 μM, respectively. It was devoid of mitogenic activity toward splenocytes and nitric oxide inducing activity toward macrophages. It inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells with IC(50) values of 5.6 and 6.4 μM, respecitvely, and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4.5 μM. Its N-terminal sequence differed from those of antifungal proteins that have been reported to date. Compared with Brassica campestris and Brassica alboglabra antifungal peptides, juncin exhibits a different molecular mass and N-terminal amino acid sequence but similar biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Looze Y, Boussard P, Huet J, Vandenbusche G, Azarkan M, Raussens V, Wintjens R. Purification and characterization of a wound-inducible thaumatin-like protein from the latex of Carica papaya. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:970-8. [PMID: 19527911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A 22.137 kDa protein constituent of fresh latex was isolated both from the latex of regularly damaged papaya trees and from a commercially available papain preparation. The protein was purified up to apparent homogeneity and was shown to be absent in the latex of papaya trees that had never been previously mechanically injured. This suggests that the protein belongs to pathogenesis-related protein family, as expected for several other protein constituents of papaya latex. The protein was identified as a thaumatin-like protein (class 5 of the pathogenesis-related proteins) on the basis of its partial amino acid sequence. By sequence analysis of the Carica genome, three different forms of thaumatin-like protein were identified, where the latex constituent belongs to a well-known form, allowing the molecular modeling of its spatial structure. The papaya latex thaumatin-like protein was further characterized. The protein appears to be stable in the pH interval from 2 to 10 and resistant to chemical denaturation by guanidium chloride, with a DeltaG(water)(0) of 15.2 kcal/mol and to proteolysis by the four papaya cysteine proteinases. The physiological role of this protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Looze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (CP: 206/4), Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Lam SK, Ng TB. Passiflin, a novel dimeric antifungal protein from seeds of the passion fruit. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:172-180. [PMID: 19200704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The intent was to isolate an antifungal protein from seeds of the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and to compare its characteristics with other antifungal proteins and bovine beta-lactoglobulin in view of its N-terminal amino acid sequence similarity to beta-lactoglobulin. The isolation procedure entailed ion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and FPLC-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The isolated 67-kDa protein, designated as passiflin, exhibited an N-terminal amino acid sequence closely resembling that of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. It is the first antifungal protein found to have a beta-lactoglobulin-like N-terminal sequence. Its dimeric nature is rarely found in antifungal proteins. It impeded mycelial growth in Rhizotonia solani with an IC(50) of 16 microM and potently inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC(50) of 15 microM. There was no cross-reactivity of passiflin with anti-beta-lactoglobulin antiserum. Intact beta-lactoglobulin lacks antifungal and antiproliferative activities and is much smaller in molecular size than passiflin. However, it has been reported that hydrolyzed beta-lactoglobulin shows antifungal activity. The data suggest that passiflin is distinct from beta-lactoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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34
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Lin P, Ng TB. A novel and exploitable antifungal peptide from kale (Brassica alboglabra) seeds. Peptides 2008; 29:1664-71. [PMID: 18597893 PMCID: PMC7115674 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to purify and characterize antifungal peptides from kale seeds in view of the paucity of information on antifungal peptides from the family Brassicaceae, and to compare its characteristics with those of published Brassica antifungal peptides. A 5907-Da antifungal peptide was isolated from kale seeds. The isolation procedure comprised affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose and Mono S, and gel filtration on Superdex Peptide. The peptide was adsorbed on the first three chromatographic media. It inhibited mycelial growth in a number of fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium maydis, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Valsa mali, with an IC(50) of 4.3microM, 2.1microM, 2.4microM, and 0.15microM, respectively and exhibited pronounced thermostability and pH stability. It inhibited proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells with an IC(50) of 2.7microM and 3.4microM, and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4.9microM. Its N-terminal sequence differed from those of antifungal proteins which have been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Zhang B, Xie C, Yang X. A novel small antifungal peptide from Bacillus strain B-TL2 isolated from tobacco stems. Peptides 2008; 29:350-5. [PMID: 18241956 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel small antifungal peptide produced by a Bacillus strain B-TL2 isolated from tobacco stems was purified. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose Fast Flow column and reverse-phase HPLC on SOURCE 5RPC column. After the final isolation step, one peptide with antifungal activity, designated as BTL, was obtained. The molecular mass of the purified BTL was determined as 2500 Da and 2237.7 Da by SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, respectively. The N-amino acid sequence of BTL was determined to be NH(2)-KQQLATEAESAGPIL, which shows relatively low identity to other antimicrobial peptides from bacteria. The peptide exhibited strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of Bipolaris maydis, Alternaria brassicae, Aspergillus niger, Cercospora personata. The purified BTL displayed thermostability, almost retaining 100% activity at 100 degrees C for 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture of China and Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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36
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Arciniegas A, Pérez-Castorena AL, Maldonado J, Avila G, Villaseñor JL, Romo de Vivar A. Chemical constituents of Roldana lineolata. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:47-52. [PMID: 17913387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new eremophilanolide 1, the known eremophilane derivatives 2 and 3, already described as part of mixtures, the known compounds hyperin, 2''-acetylhyperin and two calenduladiol esters were isolated from Roldana lineolata. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 as well as their acetylated and oxidized derivatives were tested against several fungi strains. Eremophilanolide 1 showed a mild activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Arciniegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, D.F., Mexico.
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37
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Leung EHW, Ng TB. A relatively stable antifungal peptide from buckwheat seeds with antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells. J Pept Sci 2007; 13:762-7. [PMID: 17828793 DOI: 10.1002/psc.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal peptide with a molecular mass of approximately 4 kDa was isolated from buckwheat seeds by using ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Superdex peptide. The peptide was adsorbed on SP-Sepharose in 10 mM NH(4)OAc buffer (pH 4.5) and on Q-Sepharose in 10 mM NH(4)HCO(3) buffer (pH 9.4), and appeared to be highly purified after these two steps. It inhibited mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola with an IC(50) of 35 and 40 microM, respectively. Its antifungal activity was stable between 0 and 70 degrees C, and between pH 1.0/2.0 and 13. It inhibited proliferation of Hep G2 (hepatoma) cells, L1210 (leukemia) cells, breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, and liver embryonic WRL 68 cells with an IC(50) of 33, 4, 25, and 37 microM, respectively. On the other hand, the peptide was unable to evoke a mitogenic response from splenocytes or induce nitric oxide production by macrophages. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 5.5 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin H W Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Ho VSM, Wong JH, Ng TB. A thaumatin-like antifungal protein from the emperor banana. Peptides 2007; 28:760-6. [PMID: 17306420 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 20-kDa protein with substantial N-terminal sequence homology to thaumatin-like proteins was isolated from ripe fruits of the emperor banana, Musa basjoo cv. 'emperor banana'. The isolation procedure entailed (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel. The thaumatin-like protein inhibited mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola. However, it did not affect the mitogenic response of murine splenocytes or [methyl-(3)H] thymidine incorporation by tumor cells. The activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was slightly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S M Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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39
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Ng TB, Zhang J, Zhou M, Song F, Lu F, Liu Y. Bacisubin, an antifungal protein with ribonuclease and hemagglutinating activities from Bacillus subtilis strain B-916. Peptides 2007; 28:553-9. [PMID: 17129637 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal protein, with a molecular mass of 41.9 kDa, and designated as bacisubin, was isolated from a culture of Bacillus subtilis strain B-916. The isolation procedure consisted of ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, and fast protein liquid chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow and hydroxyapatite columns. The protein was adsorbed on all three chromatographic media. Bacisubin exhibited inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in Magnaporthe grisease, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria oleracea, A. brassicae and Botrytis cinerea. The IC50 values of its antifungal activity toward the last four fungal species were 4.01 microM, 0.087 microM, 0.055 microM and 2.74 microM, respectively. Bacisubin demonstrated neither protease activity, nor protease inhibitory activity. However, it manifested ribonuclease and hemagglutinating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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40
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Wang HX, Ng TB. An antifungal peptide from red lentil seeds. Peptides 2007; 28:547-52. [PMID: 17123664 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal peptide, with a molecular mass of 11 kDa, was isolated from dry seeds of the red lentil (Lens culinaris) using a procedure that involved four chromatographic steps. The antifungal peptide was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, and adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and S-Sepharose. The final chromatographic step involved gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The antifungal peptide inhibited mycelial growth in Mycosphaerella arachidicola with an IC50 of 36 microM. It also exhibited antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, but there was no inhibitory activity toward tumor cell lines and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT).
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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41
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Gavrovic-Jankulovic M, Polovic N, Prisic* S, Jankov RM, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Vuckovic O, Velickovic TC. Allergenic potency of kiwi fruit during fruit development. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100500090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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42
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Reiss E, Schlesier B, Brandt W. cDNA sequences, MALDI-TOF analyses, and molecular modelling of barley PR-5 proteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1856-64. [PMID: 16876835 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Barley plants are known to produce various PR-5 proteins. Transcripts encoding eight different barley PR-5 proteins (TLPs 1-8, TLP for thaumatin-like protein) were identified and cloned - seven from infected leaves and one from developing grains. Here, we describe the cDNA sequences of four of these TLP isoforms. Moreover, the TLPs from the infected leaves (TLPs 1, 2, and TLPs 4-8) were subjected to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric measurements that resulted in protein fragments consistent with their deduced peptide sequences. Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed that the TLPs in barley fall into two groups: long-chain proteins (TLPs 5-8) having 16 cysteine residues and short-chain proteins (TLPs 1-4) with only 10 cysteine residues. Finally, modelling experiments highlighted the effects of sequence differences between the TLP isoforms in terms of their secondary structures and their molecular electrostatic potentials. We propose that these sequence differences have implications for the target preferences of the different isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Reiss
- Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Institute of Resistance Research and Pathogendiagnostics, Theodor-Roemer-Weg 4, D-06449 Aschersleben, Germany.
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Wang HX, Ng TB. An antifungal peptide from baby lima bean. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:576-81. [PMID: 16850300 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 6-kDa antifungal peptide with inhibitory activity on mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora piricola was isolated from baby lima beans. The peptide suppressed growth in M. arachidicola with an IC(50) of 0.87 muM and inhibited activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC(50) of 4 muM. The peptide exhibited an N-terminal amino acid sequence similar to those of leguminous defensins. The isolation procedure comprised ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The peptide was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel but was adsorbed on CM-cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Wang HX, Ng TB. An antifungal protein from the pea Pisum sativum var. arvense Poir. Peptides 2006; 27:1732-7. [PMID: 16574276 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An antifungal protein with a molecular mass of 11 kDa and a lysine-rich N-terminal sequence was isolated from the seeds of the pea Pisum sativum var. arvense Poir. The antifungal protein was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose but adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-cellulose. It exerted antifungal activity against Physalospora piricola with an IC50 of 0.62 microM, and also antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Mycosphaerella arachidicola. It inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 4.7 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shatters RG, Boykin LM, Lapointe SL, Hunter WB, Weathersbee AA. Phylogenetic and structural relationships of the PR5 gene family reveal an ancient multigene family conserved in plants and select animal taxa. J Mol Evol 2006; 63:12-29. [PMID: 16736102 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-005-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related group 5 (PR5) plant proteins include thaumatin, osmotin, and related proteins, many of which have antimicrobial activity. The recent discovery of PR5-like (PR5-L) sequences in nematodes and insects raises questions about their evolutionary relationships. Using complete plant genome data and discovery of multiple insect PR5-L sequences, phylogenetic comparisons among plants and animals were performed. All PR5/PR5-L protein sequences were mined from genome data of a member of each of two main angiosperm groups-the eudicots (Arabidoposis thaliana) and the monocots (Oryza sativa)-and from the Caenorhabditis nematode (C. elegans and C. briggsase). Insect PR5-L sequences were mined from EST databases and GenBank submissions from four insect orders: Coleoptera (Diaprepes abbreviatus and Biphyllus lunatus), Orthoptera (Schistocerca gregaria), Hymenoptera (Lysiphlebus testaceipes), and Hemiptera (Toxoptera citricida). Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses showed that the PR5 family is paraphyletic in plants, likely arising from 10 genes in a common ancestor to monocots and eudicots. After evolutionary divergence of monocots and eudicots, PR5 genes increased asymmetrically among the 10 clades. Insects and nematodes contain multiple sequences (seven PR5-Ls in nematodes and at least three in some insects) all related to the same plant clade, with nematode and insect sequences separating as two clades. Protein structural homology modeling showed strong similarity among animal and plant PR5/PR5-Ls, with divergence only in surface-exposed loops. Sequence and structural conservation among PR5/PR5-Ls suggests an important and conserved role throughout the evolutionary divergence of the diverse organisms from which they reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Shatters
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
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46
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Céspedes CL, Avila JG, Martínez A, Serrato B, Calderón-Mugica JC, Salgado-Garciglia R. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:3521-7. [PMID: 19127719 DOI: 10.1021/jf053071w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mexican tarragon (Tagetes lucida Cv. Asteraceae: Campanulatae) is an important, nutritious plant and an effective herbal medicine. Seven coumarins, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (4), umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) (5), scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) (7), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) (11), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (12), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) (13), and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) (14), and three flavonoids, patuletin (18), quercetin (19), and quercetagetin (20), were isolated from CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts from aerial parts of T. lucida. In addition, 6,7-diacetoxy coumarin (15), 6-methoxy-7-acetylcoumarin (16), and 6-acetoxy-7-methoxycoumarin (17) derivatives were synthesized. 8-Methoxypsoralen (1), 8-acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (2), 7,8-dihydroxy-6-meth-oxycoumarin (3), 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6), 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (8), 4-hydroxycoumarin (9), 4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethylcoumarin (10), naringenin (21), glycoside-7-rhamnonaringin (22), and rutin (23) were commercially obtained (Sigma-Aldrich). All of these compounds and extracts (M1 and M2) were assayed against bacteria and fungi. The antibacterial activity was determined on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella sp., Shigella boydii, Shigella sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterolitica, Vibrio cholerae (three El Tor strains, CDC-V12, clinic case, and INDRE-206, were obtained from contaminated water), and V. cholerae (NO-O1). The evaluated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium sporotrichum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most active compounds against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were the dihydroxylated coumarins 3 and 4. In addition, 2-4, 6, 7, and 11 showed an interesting activity against V. cholerae, a key bacterium in the contaminated water; 2-4 were the most active. Coumarins were the most effective compounds against Gram-negative bacteria. The extract MeOH/CH2Cl2 (1: 4) M2 at 0.4 microg/disk inhibited the growth of E. coli and P. mirabilis (40%), K. pneumoniae (31.1%), Salmonella sp. (35.5%), and Shigella sp. (0%) at 72 h of culture. The dimethoxy compounds 6 and 7 showed a strong activity against fungal strains, especially T. mentagrophytes and R. solani (100% of inhibition at 125.0 and 250.0 microg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Céspedes
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios S/N, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, C. P. 5409, México.
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Wang H, Ng TB. Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Peptides 2006; 27:27-30. [PMID: 16039755 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 15-kDa antifungal protein, designated ganodermin, was isolated from the medical mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. The isolation procedure utilized chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Affi-gel blue gel, CM-Sepharose and Superdex 75. Ganodermin was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-Sepharose. Ganodermin inhibited the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Physalospora piricola with an IC50 value of 15.2 microM, 12.4 microM and 18.1 microM, respectively. It was devoid of hemagglutinating, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease and protease inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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48
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Xia L, Ng TB. An antifungal protein from flageolet beans. Peptides 2005; 26:2397-403. [PMID: 16026901 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A protein with antifungal and hemagglutinating activities was isolated from dried flageolet beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. 'Flageolet Bean'). The protein was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose but adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-cellulose. The protein demonstrated antifungal activity against Mycophaerella arachidicola with an IC50 of 9.8 microM, but was inactive toward Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea. Its hemagglutinating activity could not be inhibited by a variety of the sugars tested. The activity was stable up to 60 degrees C. At 70 degrees C, 75% of the hemagglutinating activity remained while no activity was discernible at and above 100 degrees C. The hemagglutinating activity was stable in the presence of a variety of monovalent, divalent and trivalent chlorides, and also when the ambient pH changed from 3 to 12. It did not exert any mitogenic activity on mouse splenocytes in vitro. Neither did it inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It inhibited [3H-methyl]-thymidine incorporation into leukemia L1210 cells with an IC50 of about 4 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xia
- College of Life Science, Shenzheng University, Shenzhen, China
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Kim MJ, Ham BK, Kim HR, Lee IJ, Kim YJ, Ryu KH, Park YI, Paek KH. In vitro and in planta interaction evidence between Nicotiana tabacum thaumatin-like protein 1 (TLP1) and cucumber mosaic virus proteins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 59:981-94. [PMID: 16307370 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-2619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a plant cellular factor that interacts with the proteins of the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Initially 14 candidate genes were isolated from Nicotiana tabacum, using a full-length CMV 1a gene as bait. Among the candidate genes, two were encoding thaumatin-like proteins (TLP), and were designated as Nicotiana tabacum thaumatin-like protein 1 (NtTLP1). Consistent with this observation, recombinant GST-NtTLP1 protein, which was expressed and purified in E. coli, bound tightly to CMV 1a in vitro. In planta interaction was also verified via co-immunoprecipitation. Additionally, NtTLP1 specifically interacted with the CMV movement-related proteins, movement protein and coat protein, in yeast. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of NtTLP1 increased as the result of CMV inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-dong, 136-701, Seoul, Sungbuk-gu, Republic of Korea
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Wang HX, Ng TB. An antifungal peptide from the coconut. Peptides 2005; 26:2392-6. [PMID: 16308082 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A chromatographic procedure consisting of ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, and gel filtration by fast performance liquid chromatography on Supedex 75 was utilized to isolate a 10 kDa antifungal peptide from coconut flesh. The peptide was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose, but adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-cellulose. It displayed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola. The IC50 values of its inhibitory activities on mycelial growth in M. arachidicola and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity were respectively 1.2 and 52.5 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing, China
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