1
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Zjacić JP, Katančić Z, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Hrnjak Murgić Z, Dionysiou DD, Karamanis P, Loncaric Bozic A. Fragmentation of polypropylene into microplastics promoted by photo-aging; release of metals, toxicity and inhibition of biodegradability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173344. [PMID: 38772480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics (MP) in water represents an environmental problem, not only because of the harmful effects of their size and potential to vector other pollutants, but also because of the release of additives, degradation products and residues contained in the polymer matrix. The latter includes metallic catalysts, which are often overlooked. This study focuses on the photo-aging of polypropylene (PP) and the resulting structural changes that promote its fragmentation microplastics (PP-MPs) and release of metals, as well as the resulting toxicity of leachates and their potential to inhibit biodegradation of organics in water. The pristine, photo-aged and waste PP are ground under the same regime to assess susceptibility to fragmentation. Obtained PP-MPs are submitted to leaching tests; the release of organics and metals is monitored by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, respectively. The leachates are assessed for their toxicity against Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and their influence on the biodegradability of the glucose solution. Photo-aging induced changes in the crystallinity and morphology of the PP and manifested in the abundance of smaller MPs, as revealed by the particle size distribution. In the case of pristine PP, all particles were > 100 μm in size, while aged PP yielded significant mass fraction of MPs <100 μm. The toxicity of leachates from aged PP-MPs is higher than that of pristine and exhibits a positive correlation with portion of metals released. The biodegradability of glucose is strongly inhibited by PP-MPs leachates containing a mixture of metals in trace concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Papac Zjacić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Katančić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia.
| | - Zlata Hrnjak Murgić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Panaghiotis Karamanis
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Rue de president Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Kreitczick J, Schmohl L, Hahnel S, Vejjasilpa K, Schulz-Siegmund M, Koenig A. Aging processes in dental thermoplastics - Thermoanalytical investigations and effects on Vickers as well as Martens hardness. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 154:106501. [PMID: 38531182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of various aging protocols, representing and accelerating influences present in the dental context, on possible changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics was investigated. In order to minimize the complexity of the systems, first pure polymers and then later the equivalent dental polymeric materials were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure polymers (Poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA, Polyoxymethylene homopolymer - POM-H, Polyether ether ketone - PEEK, Nylon 12 - PA12, Polypropylene - PP) were analyzed before as well as after applying different aging protocols relevant to the oral environment (ethanol, thermocycling, alkaline and acidic setting) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermoanalytical parameters used were glass transition temperature (Tg), melting peak and crystallization peak temperature (Tpm, Tpc) and decomposition behavior. In a second step selected commercially available dental products (Telio CAD - PMMAD, Zirlux Acetal - POMD, Juvora Natural Dental Disc - PEEKD) aged by the protocol that previously showed strong effects were examined and additionally tested for changes in their Vickers and Martens hardness by Mann-Whitney-U test. RESULTS The combinations of pure polymers and viable aging protocols analyzed within this study were identified via TGA or DSC as PA12 & thermocycling, POM-H & denture cleanser/lactic acid/ethanol, PP & lactic acid. The dental polymeric materials PMMAD and POMD due to aging in lactic acid showed slight but significantly (p < 0.01) reduced Vickers and partly Martens hardness. PEEK showed the greatest material resistance within this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kreitczick
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonie Schmohl
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ketpat Vejjasilpa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Dental Prosthetics and Materials Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Prior L, Oliveira MSA, Zhiltsova T. Assessment of the Impact of Superficial Contamination and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation on the Properties of Post-Consumer Recycled Polypropylene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1198. [PMID: 36770204 PMCID: PMC9920305 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastics are a matter of convenience in everyday life, with the majority allocated to packaging production. However, it comes with a high environmental price as its mass recycling is challenging due to the heterogeneity of composition, contaminations of different kinds, and degradation caused by service and processing. This study aims to ascertain the impact of removing contaminants from post-consumer recycled polypropylene (rPP) on its degradation and properties by implementing a systematic approach for decontamination by washing. Four lots of recycled plastics with different degrees of contamination were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared, melt flow indexer, and differential scanning calorimetry and tested for tensile strength. Degradation of the rPP was manifested by the deterioration in ductility, resulting in 14.58% elongation at break (unwashed rPP) compared with 191.41% (virgin PP)) and a significant reduction in oxidation induction time. In the unwashed rPP sample, a wave intensity peak at 1730 cm-1, assigned to the saturated C = 0 stretch of the carbonyl functional group, was detected. This peak was gradually disappearing with an increase in the cleaning efficiency of rPP, highlighting the role of contaminants as degradation catalysts. The cold-washing method showed similar processing and mechanical performance improvement results compared with the other washing methods, while being more environmentally friendly and energy efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prior
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica S. A. Oliveira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Zhiltsova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LASI—Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
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4
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Hu C, Li C, Feng L, Gu X, Duan J, Zhang C. Modification of the Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene by Grafting Styrene Segments. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - LianFang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - XuePing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - Jintang Duan
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - CaiLiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
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5
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Capellades G, Bonsu JO, Myerson AS. Impurity incorporation in solution crystallization: diagnosis, prevention, and control. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of impurity incorporation during solution crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Jacob O. Bonsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Allan S. Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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6
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Markedly improved photo-oxidation stability of α form isotactic polypropylene with nodular morphology. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Wu H, Zhao Y, Dong X, Su L, Wang K, Wang D. Probing into the microstructural evolution of isotactic polypropylene during photo-oxidation degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Forsgren L, Noyan ECB, Vega A, Yarahmadi N, Boldizar A. The thermo-oxidative durability of polyethylene reinforced with wood-based fibres. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Varghese A, Rangaraj VM, Luckachan G, Mittal V. UV Aging Behavior of Functionalized Mullite Nanofiber-Reinforced Polypropylene. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27083-27093. [PMID: 33134668 PMCID: PMC7594012 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of accelerated ultraviolet (UV) aging on the properties of polypropylene (PP) as well as its blend with PP-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and composite with amine-functionalized mullite nanofibers (AMNF) was compared. Solid-state NMR exhibited some changes in the macromolecular chain structure after aging, whereas the formation of degradation products was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The aged composite was observed to exhibit the least increment in the crystallinity from X-ray and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses (0.3 and 0.5%, compared to 9.7 and 10.4%, respectively, for PP) owing to the stability of its amorphous phase against degradation. Similar resistance toward degradation was also confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface morphology of the materials also exhibited the lowest extent of surface embrittlement as well as a small number of shallow cracks in the case of a-PP/PP-g-MA/AMNF composite. The aged composite had a much higher impact strength of 14.9 kJ m-2 compared to 2.5 kJ m-2 for aged PP, thus exhibiting its stability against degradation owing to a synergistic combination of the filler and compatibilizer. The optimal performance of the composite was further confirmed through the least extent of reduction in the tensile strength and elongation at break. These findings demonstrate the superior performance of AMNF-reinforced PP composite over PP for outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish
M. Varghese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu
Dhabi, UAE
| | - Vengatesan M. Rangaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu
Dhabi, UAE
| | - Gisha Luckachan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu
Dhabi, UAE
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Sas Al Nakhl Campus, Abu
Dhabi, UAE
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10
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11
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Van Kets K, Delva L, Ragaert K. Structural stabilizing effect of SEBSgMAH on a PP-PET blend for multiple mechanical recycling. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Liu Q, Liu S, Xia L, Hu P, Lv Y, Liu J, Chen Z, Huang Y, Li G. Effect of annealing-induced microstructure on the photo-oxidative degradation behavior of isotactic polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Marzec A, Szadkowski B, Rogowski J, Maniukiewicz W, Zaborski M. New organic-inorganic hybrids as multifunctional additives to improve ethylene-norbornene (EN) composite stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Liu Q, Yang H, Zhao J, Liu S, Xia L, Hu P, Lv Y, Huang Y, Kong M, Li G. Acceleratory and inhibitory effects of uniaxial tensile stress on the photo-oxidation of polyethylene: Dependence of stress, time duration and temperature. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Dutta A, Ghosh AK. Investigation on γ-irradiated PP/ethylene acrylic elastomer TPVs by rheological and thermal approaches. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Wang L, Hikima Y, Ohshima M, Yusa A, Yamamoto S, Goto H. Unusual Fabrication of Lightweight Injection-Molded Polypropylene Foams by Using Air as the Novel Foaming Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yusa
- Technology Development Department, Maxell, Ltd., Kyoto 618-8525, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Technology Development Department, Maxell, Ltd., Kyoto 618-8525, Japan
| | - Hideto Goto
- Technology Development Department, Maxell, Ltd., Kyoto 618-8525, Japan
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17
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Xiong J, Liao X, Zhu J, An Z, Yang Q, Huang Y, Li G. Natural weathering mechanism of isotatic polypropylene under different outdoor climates in China. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Kowalonek J. Surface and thermal properties of UV-irradiated chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) blends. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Marzec A, Chrzescijanska E, Boruszczak Z, Zaborski M, Laskowska A, Boiteux G, Gain O. Novel dyed ethylene-norbornene composites with enhanced aging resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Gil-Castell O, Badia J, Teruel-Juanes R, Rodriguez I, Meseguer F, Ribes-Greus A. Novel silicon microparticles to improve sunlight stability of raw polypropylene. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Li M, Li G, Zhang ZS, Dai X, Yang YW, Mai KC. Enhanced ultraviolet resistance of polypropylene random copolymer filled by ZnO-supported mesoporous zeolite. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Microstructure studies of isotactic polypropylene under natural weathering by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Muthuraj R, Misra M, Mohanty A. Hydrolytic degradation of biodegradable polyesters under simulated environmental conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Muthuraj
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
- Department of Plant Agriculture; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
- Department of Plant Agriculture; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
| | - A.K. Mohanty
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
- Department of Plant Agriculture; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G2W1
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Mukherjee S, Chaudhuri UR, Kundu PP. Biotic oxidation of polyethylene using a bio-surfactant produced by B. licheniformis: a novel technique. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13549d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene was incubated with a bio-surfactant producing bacteriumB. licheniformisfor 2 months in a suitable media for biotic oxidation by the bio-surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukherjee
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-9
- India
| | | | - Patit P. Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-9
- India
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25
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Accelerated aging of polyethylene materials at high oxygen pressure characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy and established aging characterization methods. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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François-Heude A, Richaud E, Guinault A, Desnoux E, Colin X. Impact of oxygen transport properties on the kinetic modeling of polypropylene thermal oxidation. II. Effect of oxygen diffusivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre François-Heude
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8006; Paris France
- Renault, DETC-A; Guyancourt France
| | - Emmanuel Richaud
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8006; Paris France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8006; Paris France
| | | | - Xavier Colin
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8006; Paris France
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27
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Thermal characterization of the oxo-degradation of polypropylene containing a pro-oxidant/pro-degradant additive. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Gallo R, Severini F. Course of the changes in thick and thin isotactic polypropylene samples subjected to natural aging. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Zehetmeyer G, Scheibel JM, Soares RMD, Weibel DE, Oviedo MAS, Oliveira RVB. Morphological, optical, and barrier properties of PP/MMT nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-0929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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The effects of gamma irradiation on the morphology and properties of polylactide/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Phua Y, Lau N, Sudesh K, Chow W, Mohd Ishak Z. Biodegradability studies of poly(butylene succinate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites under controlled compost soil conditions: Effects of clay loading and compatibiliser. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Qian S, Igarashi T, Nitta KH. Influence of Thermo-degradation on the Crystallization Kinetics of Isotactic Polypropylene with a β-Nucleating Agent. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.682869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Qian
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Toshio Igarashi
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Nitta
- a Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma Campus , Kanazawa , Japan
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Beníček L, Chvátalová L, Obadal M, Čermák R, Verney V, Commereuc S. Photodegradation of isotactic poly(1-butene): Multiscale characterization. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wellen RMR, Rabello MS. Antinucleating action of polystyrene on the isothermal cold crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang Y, Run M. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetic and compatibility of PTT/PP blends by using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as compatibilizer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wellen RMR, Rabello MS. Non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics and morphology of PET + SAN blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yang R, Liu Y, Yu J, Zhang D. Spatial heterogeneity of photo-oxidation and its relation with crack propagation in polyethylene composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Waldman WR, De Paoli MA. Photodegradation of polypropylene/polystyrene blends: Styrene–butadiene–styrene compatibilisation effect. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wellen RMR, Rabello MS. Redução da velocidade de cristalização a frio do PET na presença de poliestireno. POLIMEROS 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282007000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A cristalização a frio do poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) e de suas blendas com poliestireno (PS) foi estudada utilizando calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e propriedades mecânicas. As blendas PET/PS formam misturas bifásicas, como confirmado por MEV e por DMA, onde fases distintas e duas Tg s foram observadas. Por outro lado, a determinação da temperatura de fusão de equilíbrio (Tmº) do PET por DSC indicou uma diminuição neste parâmetro com a presença do PS, sugerindo que uma solubilidade limitada do PS no PET deve ocorrer. A presença de um componente não cristalizável como o PS, parcialmente solúvel em uma fase cristalizável como PET, reduz a habilidade de cristalização. Isto foi observado nas análises de DSC através do deslocamento dos picos de cristalização a frio do PET para temperaturas maiores e por uma redução na velocidade de cristalização a frio. A abordagem de Avrami foi utilizada para os estudos cinéticos em condições isotérmicas, mostrando que o processo de cristalização ocorre em dois estágios e que a constante de cristalização K diminuiu significativamente com a presença de poliestireno. Nas blendas PET/PS a presença de apenas 1% de PS retardou significantemente a cristalização do PET, em magnitude semelhante ao que ocorreu quando concentrações mais elevadas de PS foram utilizadas. Este comportamento é de grande importância industrial já que em baixa concentração de PS as propriedades mecânicas do PET não são afetadas, como também mostrado neste estudo.
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Mouzakis DE, Kandilioti G, Elenis A, Gregoriou VG. Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Cold Chemi‐Crystallization in Syndiotactic Polypropylene Clay‐Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320500437110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Kandilioti
- b Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas , Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE‐HT) , Patras , Greece
| | - Athanasios Elenis
- a Department of Materials Science , University of Patras , Rion , Patras , Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- b Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas , Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, (FORTH/ICE‐HT) , Patras , Greece
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Yang R, Yu J, Liu Y, Wang K. Effects of coupling agents on the natural aging behavior and oxidation profile of high-density polyethylene/sericite composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Dynamic-mechanical analysis of the photo-degradation of long glass fibre reinforced polypropylene: Mechanical properties' changes. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gallo R, Brambilla L, Castiglioni C, Severini F. Characterization of Naturally Weathered Polypropylene Plates. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320600575280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rahbar RS, Shoushtary SAM, Abdouss M, Khosroushahy A. Production and Characterisation of Multifilament Yarns Made from Polypropylene Containing Small Amounts of Oxidised Polypropylene. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.3184/030823406776330945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, oxidation of fibre grade polypropylene granules in the melt phase using oxygen gas has been performed. Then, virgin polypropylene granules were mixed with up to 10% by weight of oxidised granules and multifilament yarns from the blends were spun by a pilot-plant melt spinning machine. The characterisation of as-spun yarns was performed by FTIR and DSC analysis. Also the density, shrinkage and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The results show that the as-spun blend fibre containing 10% by weight of oxidised polypropylene has the lowest crystallinity, density and melting temperature while it shows the highest shrinkage and mechanical property faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Semnani Rahbar
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khosroushahy
- Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
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Kruczala K, Aris W, Schlick S. Stabilization and Early Degradation of UV-Irradiated Heterophasic Propylene−Ethylene Copolymers Based on ESR, ESR Imaging, UV−Vis, and DSC: Effect of Ethylene Content and UV Wavelength. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0502194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kruczala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
| | - Wasim Aris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
| | - Shulamith Schlick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
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Craig I, White J, Kin PC. Crystallization and chemi-crystallization of recycled photo-degraded polypropylene. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Yakimets I, Lai D, Guigon M. Effect of photo-oxidation cracks on behaviour of thick polypropylene samples. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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