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Yi S, Liu W, Xu S, Hu R, Li Q, Wu M, Wang Q, Huang Z. Enhancement and Compatibilization of Waste-Sourced Biocomposites Through Elastomer Blending and Matrix Grafting Modification. Molecules 2024; 29:4905. [PMID: 39459273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel elastomer-modified multicomponent, multiphase waste-sourced biocomposites, was prepared for converting waste biomass and plastic into value-added products. The effects of blending elastomer-olefin block copolymer (OBC) and maleic anhydride (MAH), and divinylbenzene (DVB) co-grafting of recycled polypropylene (rPP) matrix on the adhesion interface, structure, and properties of high wood flour-filled (60 wt.%) composites were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that DVB introduced branched structures into the polymer matrix molecular chain and increased the MAH grafting rate. Co-grafting rPP/OBC blends enhanced the interfacial adhesion among rPP, OBC, and wood flour. Additionally, MAH-grafted OBC was prone to encapsulating rigid wood flour, thereby forming an embedded structure. Notably, the tensile modulus and impact strength of the final three-component composites increased by 60% and 125%, respectively, compared with the unmodified composites. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that DVB-induced branching promoted the formation of microvoids in the OBC shell layer surrounding the wood, which in turn induced significant plastic deformation in the polymer matrix. This work offers a facile and efficient method for preparing high-toughness, high-stiffness, and low-cost waste PP-based composites for automotive interiors, and indoor and outdoor decoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmin Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Carbon Neutralization, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Materials and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Enviroment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530105, China
| | - Wanyu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shihua Xu
- School of Arts and Design, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Ruijia Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Meijia Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Carbon Neutralization, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental-Friendly Materials and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Enviroment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530105, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Microwave Manufacturing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
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2
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Meda R, Jain S, Singh S, Ramakanth D, Bhardwaj S, Teramoto Y, Mondal P, Maji PK. Investigating the Reactive Reinforcement Ability of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals via In-Situ Emulsion Polymerization. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:33386-33396. [PMID: 39130565 PMCID: PMC11307290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
CNC-based nanocomposites have gained substantial interest because of their enhanced thermomechanical properties for high-end engineering applications. The chemical modification of CNCs expands their applicability, making them suitable for use in hydrophobic polymer matrices. The current study investigates the reactive reinforcing ability of maleic anhydride-modified cellulose nanocrystals during the in situ polymerization of a vinyl monomer, i.e., styrene. Highly crystalline nanocellulose (CNCBG) was isolated from Lagenaria siceraria (Bottle gourd) peels via Hydrochloric acid, which was further modified to synthesize maleic anhydride-modified cellulose nanocrystals (MACNCBG) and characterized employing various techniques. MACNCBG exhibited higher suspension stability than CNCBG due to the introduction of carboxyl groups. Furthermore, polystyrene-based nanocomposites of 3 and 5 wt % filler loading were prepared, respectively. While PSMACNCBG (5 wt %) displayed a premature failure, PSMACNCBG (3 wt %) demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties compared to PSCNCBG (3 wt %) and PS. At the same filler loading, MACNCBG demonstrated a more remarkable reinforcing ability than CNCBG, owing to its reactive tendency. The appearance of a new peak between 3000-2800 cm-1 corresponds to the C-H stretching of the formed C-C bond (between C=C of MACNCBG and benzal carbon of PS) in the FTIR spectra, confirming the reactive nature of MACNCBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheesh
Sharma Meda
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Somya Jain
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Shiva Singh
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
| | - Dakuri Ramakanth
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
| | - Shakshi Bhardwaj
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
| | - Yoshikuni Teramoto
- Division
of Forest & Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pradip K. Maji
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 240071, India
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3
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Arndt JH, Macko T, Vanderfeesten J, Verhoogt H, Brüll R. Characterizing graft distribution in maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene - GPC with IR and UV-detection. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464557. [PMID: 38065028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As commodity plastics, polyolefins are in high demand and used in innumerable applications. An important reason for their success-story is their high versatility in terms of applications. The application range of polyolefins was significantly extended through the development of functionalization. A common functionalization for improving the compatibility of polyolefins with more polar polymers and surfaces is grafting with maleic anhydride. While maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefins have found widespread application, methods for their characterization remain rudimentary compared to the developments seen in the structural characterization of polyolefins in general. Herein, we propose two new approaches for determining the degree of functionalization as a function of the molar mass of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins. On the one hand, the latest generation bandpass filter-based IR detectors are shown to be sensitive to the carbonyl moiety of MAH. After optimization of analysis conditions, the relation between MAH content and molar mass could be unraveled in an easily applicable approach suitable for routine analysis. On the other hand, the high reactivity of MAH was leveraged in a tagging approach. By imidization with a UV chromophore, MAH distribution can be assessed by HT-GPC-UV with significantly higher sensitivity compared to HT-GPC-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Arndt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tibor Macko
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joep Vanderfeesten
- SABIC Technology & Innovation, STC Geleen, PO Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Verhoogt
- SABIC Technology & Innovation, STC Geleen, PO Box 319, 6160 AH Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Brüll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, Division Plastics, Department Material Analysis and Characterization, Schlossgartenstrasse 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Zhou G, Zeng J, Tang S, Bai Z, Jiang J, Zhang H, Wang Y. One-Step Bulk-Suspension Polymerization of Polyethylene Glycol-Based Copolymer Microspheres for Phase Change Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092090. [PMID: 37177233 PMCID: PMC10180585 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents a feasible strategy through one-step bulk-suspension polymerization, grafting PEG onto an in situ synthesized copolymer. In more detail, PEG was grafted onto a homemade polystyrene/maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) via bulk-suspension polymerization with poly(vinyl alcohol) as a suspending agent. According to the optimal reaction conditions, the grafting rate of PEG was 56.2% through chemical titration experiments. At the same time, the quantitative relationship between the grafting rate and enthalpy was demonstrated for the first time in a PEG-based solid-solid phase change material (S-SPCM). Morphology observation revealed that the obtained S-SPCM is made up of white microspheres of approximately 100-150 μm. The powdery product polystyrene/maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene glycol (SMA-g-PEG) obtained through bulk-suspension polymerization endowed that the whole product could be used directly as a phase change material without postprocessing. The melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy of SMA-g-PEG were 79.3 J/g and 76.9 J/g, respectively. Based on the effective fixed load of PEG, the macrostructure of SMA-g-PEG was almost unchanged at 70 °C compared with the macrostructures at 20 °C, and the latent heat of SMA-g-PEG was decreased slightly after 1000 thermal cycles. Overall, the obtained SMA-g-PEG can be used as a filler in insulation materials and composited with fibers to obtain phase change thermoregulated smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohang Zhou
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiexiang Zeng
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Song Tang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zijian Bai
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jianyu Jiang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Guo M, De Coninck J, Seveno D. Reactive Spreading Dynamics of Molten Polymer Liquids. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001Leuven, Belgium
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Joël De Coninck
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - David Seveno
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Zhi XD, Lei ZW, Ou-Yang S, Hsu T, Yeh JT. Performance of SiO 2 Filled Functional Polypropylene Substrates for 5th Generation Communication. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2095495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong Zhi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wen Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Ou-Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tim Hsu
- Polymics Ltd. State College, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jen-taut Yeh
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Cantamessa F, Damonte G, Monticelli O, Arrigo R, Fina A. Thermoreversible Cross-Linked Rubber Prepared via Melt Blending and Its Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:4796-4807. [PMID: 35846782 PMCID: PMC9274616 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A covalent adaptable network based on the thermoreversible cross-linking of an ethylene-propylene rubber through Diels-Alder (DA) reaction was prepared for the first time through melt blending as an environmental-friendly alternative to traditional synthesis in organic solvents. Functionalization of the rubber with furan groups was performed in a melt blender and subsequently mixed with different amounts of bismaleimide in a microextruder. Cross-linking was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and insolubility at room temperature, while its thermoreversible character was confirmed by a solubility test at 110 °C and by remolding via hot-pressing. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the obtained rubbers showed potential to compete with conventionally cross-linked elastomers, with stiffness in the range 1-1.7 MPa and strain at break in the range 200-500%, while allowing recycling via a simple melt processing step. Nanocomposites based on the thermoreversible rubber were prepared with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), showing significantly increasing stiffness up to ca. 8 MPa, ∼2-fold increased strength, and thermal conductivity up to ∼0.5 W/(m K). Results in this paper may open for industrially viable and sustainable applications of thermoreversible elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cantamessa
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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8
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Redfearn HN, Goddard JM. Antioxidant and dissociation behavior of polypropylene‐
graft
‐maleic anhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M. Goddard
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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9
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Cross-Linking of Polypropylene with Thiophene and Imidazole. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112198. [PMID: 35683871 PMCID: PMC9182647 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, two novel routes to synthesis cross-linked polypropylene (PP) are introduced by using two different precursors (2-thiophenemethyl amine (TMA) and 1-(3 aminopropyl) imidazole (API)), both cross-linked with 1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene) bismaleimide (BM) at two different annealing temperature values (T = 50 °C and T = 150 °C). Both Diels–Alder (DA) and Michael addition reactions were successfully performed with TMA and API, respectively, albeit with different reactivity. Imidazole clearly shows a higher reactivity compared to thiophene. In addition, an increase in annealing temperature leads to a higher degree of cross-linking. The highest degree of cross-linking was obtained by the imidazole product after annealing at 150 °C (IMG1A150) as evident from the highest complex viscosity (|η*|) value of IMG1A150. A difference in rheology and thermal properties between the imidazole and thiophene cross-linked products was also observed. However, both products have superior melt properties and thermal stability compared with the starting material. They show processability at high temperatures. The melt flow behavior and de-cross-linking at higher temperatures can be tuned depending on the choice of imidazole or thiophene. This study shows an advance on the cross-linked PP processing and its product performances for further application on the commercial scale.
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10
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A pH/Temperature-Sensitive s-IPN Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol), Poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic acid) and Poly(vinyl methyl ether) Prepared by Autoclaving. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Méndez PA, Méndez ÁM, Martínez LN, Vargas B, López BL. Cassava and banana starch modified with maleic anhydride-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (Ma-mPEG): A comparative study of their physicochemical properties as coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:1-14. [PMID: 35181318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes a simple route to obtain starch grafted copolymers from cassava and banana starches chemically modified with amphiphilic maleic anhydride-poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (Ma-mPEG). The starches were extracted from cassava (StC) and banana (StB) pulp and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, amylose content, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and average molecular weight. Starches were chemically modified with amphiphilic Ma-mPEG in three mass ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Thermal behavior and interactions of Ma-mPEG/starch in the St-g-(Ma-mPEG) copolymers were studied by DSC and TGA. The Tg values showed a higher plasticizer effect in the copolymers obtained from StC. Films were formed from StC-g-(Ma-mPEG) and StB-g-(Ma-mPEG) copolymers, thermal and morphological properties were studied. An increase in the mass ratios of Ma-mPEG and the absence of the glycerol in the formulations formed homogeneous films. StC-g-(Ma-mPEG) 1:3 with 2% concentration showed a potential use as coating in strawberries, presenting a lower weight loss (15.5 ± 5.7%) than the control sample (18.6 ± 3.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Méndez
- Grupo de Investigación en Etnofarmacología, Productos Naturales y Alimentos, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Calle 14 Sur # 14 - 23, Bogotá 110431, Colombia..
| | - Ángela M Méndez
- Grupo de Investigación en Etnofarmacología, Productos Naturales y Alimentos, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Calle 14 Sur # 14 - 23, Bogotá 110431, Colombia
| | - Laura N Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Etnofarmacología, Productos Naturales y Alimentos, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Calle 14 Sur # 14 - 23, Bogotá 110431, Colombia
| | - Brandon Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Betty L López
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Koniorczyk M, Bednarska D, Masek A, Cichosz S. Performance of concrete containing recycled masks used for personal protection during coronavirus pandemic. CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 2022; 324:126712. [PMID: 35132297 PMCID: PMC8810376 DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
After the coronavirus outbreak, a tremendous amount of personal protective equipment has been produced and used by the health service and every human. Proper medical waste management becomes an important problem, which must be solved with a minimal environmental impact. The presented manuscript introduces the recycling process, during which personal protection masks are transformed into polypropylene fibers being an addition to a concrete mixture. The designed recycling procedure provides the entire disinfection of probably contaminated medical wastes, is straightforward, and potentially enables one to modify the properties of the final product. The applied dosage referred to 1 mask per 1 L of concrete. The final product of face masks processing was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface free energy, contact angle measurements, and melt flow index. The analysis indicated that polypropylene is its main component. Two concrete mixtures were composed, i.e., with the addition of processed masks and the reference one. The following properties were determined to compare the modified concrete with the reference one: compressive and tensile strength, frost resistance, water transport properties, resistance to high temperature. The obtained results indicated that the addition of processed masks slightly increased the compressive strength (by about 5%) and decreased the tensile strength (by about 3%). Simultaneously, it was reported that the addition did not affect material properties related to concrete durability as frost resistance, water permeability, and fire performance. The results evinced, that the addition of processed facemasks into concrete did not deteriorate its properties. Therefore, it is a possible way of the protective masks processing and reusing with the high recycling capacity. Further study should be conducted to optimize the dosing and to modify the properties of PP strings to improve hardened concrete properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Koniorczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Department of Building Materials Physics and Sustainable Design, 90-537 Lodz, Al. Politechniki 6, Poland
| | - Dalia Bednarska
- Lodz University of Technology, Department of Building Materials Physics and Sustainable Design, 90-537 Lodz, Al. Politechniki 6, Poland
| | - Anna Masek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Stefanowskiego 16, Poland
| | - Stefan Cichosz
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Stefanowskiego 16, Poland
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13
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Cross-Linking of Polypropylene via the Diels-Alder Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061176. [PMID: 35335509 PMCID: PMC8955959 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of preparing cross-linked polypropylene (PP) via Diels−Alder (DA) chemistry is explored. The overall strategy involves reaction of maleated polypropylene (the starting material), furfuryl amine (FFA), and bismaleimide (BM) as the cross-linking agent. The occurrence of reversible cross-linking was studied by checking the presence of relevant peaks in FTIR spectra, i.e., CH out-of-plane bending vibrations of the furan ring’s peak (γCH) at an absorption band of 730−734 cm−1, CH=CH of the BM aromatic ring’s stretching vibrations (υCH=CH) at an absorption band of 1510 cm−1, and the DA adduct (C-O-C, δDAring) at an absorption band of 1186 cm−1. In agreement with the spectroscopic characterization, the presence of a cross-linked network is also confirmed by rheology, namely the higher storage modulus (G′) compared with loss modulus (G″) value (G′ >> G″), as obtained via temperature sweep. Both the maleic anhydride (MA) content as well as the annealing temperature (50 °C and 120 °C) favor the DA reaction, while only partial de-cross-linking (retro DA) is observed at the higher temperature range of 150−200 °C. In addition, the products show higher mechanical robustness and thermal stability compared to the starting material.
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14
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Safaie B, Youssefi M, Rezaei B. The structure and fluorescence properties of polypropylene/carbon quantum dot composite fibers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Santoni A, Guo MC, Heuzey MC, Carreau PJ. Surface Defects of TPO Injected Foam Parts for Automotive Applications. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2007-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Benefits of reduced vehicle weight can have an important environmental impact since there is a 6 to 8% improvement in fuel efficiency for every 10% in weight reduction. In this work, foaming technology is used to produce injection molded TPO parts (thermoplastic olefin compounds) for the automotive industry with a minimum of 20% weight reduction while retaining a glossy surface quality. It was found by Guo et al. (2006, 2007) that the best strategy to raise the surface quality was to decrease the shot size, the cycling time and the temperature of the injected melt. However, the targeted objective of a minimum of 20% weight reduction was not achieved in these preliminary experiments. Therefore, in this work a blend of TPO and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used in order to promote TPO foamability and improve the surface quality of injected parts. Under these conditions, we managed to produce injected molded TPO samples with a 24% weight reduction and good surface quality. Moreover, we investigated the effect of PP-g-MA in the TPO system by performing rheological measurements and photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) analysis to characterize the PP-g-MA physico-chemical interactions with TPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Santoni
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - M.-C. Guo
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - M.-C. Heuzey
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - P. J. Carreau
- Center for Applied Research on Polymers and Composites (CREPEC), Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Phenol functionalized high‐density polyethylene as compatibilizer of high‐density polyethylene/graphene nanocomposites toward enhanced mechanical and interfacial adhesion. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Experimental Investigation of Polypropylene Composite Drawn Fibers with Talc, Wollastonite, Attapulgite and Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020260. [PMID: 35054667 PMCID: PMC8777760 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotactic polypropylene (PP) composite drawn fibers were prepared using melt extrusion and high-temperature solid-state drawing at a draw ratio of 7. Five different fillers were used as reinforcement agents (microtalc, ultrafine talc, wollastonite, attapulgite and single-wall carbon nanotubes). In all the prepared samples, antioxidant was added, while all samples were prepared with and without using PP grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer. Material characterization was performed by tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Attapulgite composite fibers exhibited poor results in terms of tensile strength and thermal stability. The use of ultrafine talc particles yields better results, in terms of thermal stability and tensile strength, compared to microtalc. Better results were observed using needle-like fillers, such as wollastonite and single-wall carbon nanotubes, since, as was previously observed, high aspect ratio particles tend to align during the drawing process and, thus, contribute to a more symmetrical distribution of stresses. Competitive and synergistic effects were recognized to occur among the additives and fillers, such as the antioxidant effect being enhanced by the addition of the compatibilizer, while the antioxidant itself acts as a compatibilizing agent.
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Luna CBB, da Silva Barbosa Ferreira E, Siqueira DD, dos Santos Filho EA, Araújo EM. Additivation of the ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP): the impact of styrene monomer on cross-linking and functionalization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03856-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Qu J, Gao Y, Yang W. Self-Stable Precipitation Polymerization Molecular Entanglement Effect and Molecular Weight Simulations and Experiments. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142243. [PMID: 34300999 PMCID: PMC8309242 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) scheme to simulate the Self-Stable Precipitation (SP) polymerization of 1-pentene and cyclopentene (C5) with maleic anhydride (MAn) in an all-atom resolution. We studied the chain propagation mechanism by tracking the changes in molecular conformation and analyzing end-to-end distance and radius of gyration. The results show that the main reason of chain termination in the reaction process was due to intramolecular cyclic entanglement, which made the active center wrapped in the center of the globular chain. After conducting the experiment in the same condition with the simulation, we found that the distribution trend and peak value of the molecular-weight-distribution curve in the simulation were consistent with experimental results. The simulated number average molecular weight (Mn) and weight average molecular weight (Mw) were in good agreement with the experiment. Moreover, the simulated molecular polydispersity index (PDI) for cyclopentene reaction with maleic anhydride was accurate, differing by 0.04 from the experimental value. These show that this model is suitable for C5–maleic anhydride self-stable precipitation polymerization and is expected to be used as a molecular weight prediction tool for other maleic anhydride self-stable precipitation polymerization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-64435451
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Burgada F, Fages E, Quiles-Carrillo L, Lascano D, Ivorra-Martinez J, Arrieta MP, Fenollar O. Upgrading Recycled Polypropylene from Textile Wastes in Wood Plastic Composites with Short Hemp Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081248. [PMID: 33921403 PMCID: PMC8070082 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research reports the manufacturing and characterization of green composites made from recycled polypropylene obtained from the remnants of polypropylene non-woven fabrics used in the textile industry and further reinforced with short hemp fibers (SHFs). To improve the interaction of the reinforcing fibers with the recycled polymeric matrix, two types of compatibilizing agents (maleic anhydride grafted, PP-g-MA, and maleinized linseed oil, MLO) were added during melt-processing, the percentage of which had to remain constant concerning the amount of fiber loading to ensure complete reactivity. Standardized test specimens were obtained by injection molding. The composites were characterized by mechanical (tensile, impact, and hardness), thermal (DSC, TGA), thermomechanical, FTIR, and FESEM microscopy tests. In addition, color and water uptake properties were also analyzed. The results show that the addition of PP-g-MA to rPP was satisfactory, thus improving the fiber-matrix interaction, resulting in a marked reinforcing effect of the hemp fibers in the recycled PP matrix, which can be reflected in the increased stiffness of the samples. In parallel to the compatibilizing effect, a plasticizing effect was obtained by incorporating MLO, causing a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the composites by approximately 6 °C and an increase in ductility compared to the unfilled recycled polypropylene samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Burgada
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fages
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
| | - Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación: Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Fenollar
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (L.Q.-C.); (D.L.); (J.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-528-433
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Andre JS, Li B, Chen X, Paradkar R, Walther B, Feng C, Tucker C, Mohler C, Chen Z. Interfacial reaction of a maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer at the buried solid/solid interface. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Watanabe R, Sugahara A, Hagihara H, Mizukado J, Shinzawa H. In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Elucidating Variations in Chemical Structures of Polymer Composites at the Matrix–Filler Interface during Reactive Processing. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Watanabe
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Aki Sugahara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hagihara
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Junji Mizukado
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinzawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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Zhong J, Luo Z, Yang L, Sheng X, Li X, Yin L, Yang B. Construction of an in situ interfacial layer for aramid fiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zhong
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Le Yang
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Lianpeng Yin
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Bo Yang
- Guizhou Rubber Engineering Laboratory, College of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang China
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Protective Low-Density Polyethylene Residues from Prepreg for the Development of New Nanocomposites with Montmorillonite: Recycling and Characterization. RECYCLING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable alternative to the destination of polyethylene (PE) residue from the prepreg package was established. This work intends to develop nanocomposites for packaging containing neat low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a compatibilizer agent (maleic anhydride grafted-LDPE, LDPE-g-MA), recycled LDPE obtained from the protective films of prepreg (rLDPE) and montmorillonite (MMT). The rLDPE, from the prepreg shield, has a primary role during the transport and storage of prepreg, which can be composed of epoxy resin and carbon fiber or glass fiber. However, this rLDPE is withdrawn and discarded, besides, it is estimated that tons of this material are discarded monthly by the company Alltec Materiais Compostos Ltd. (São José dos Campos-SP, Brazil). Due to several factors, including the lack of technology for recycling, the majority of this material is incinerated. In this context, this work presents a technical and ecologically viable alternative for the use of this discarded material. Nanocomposites of LDPE/rLDPE blends and montmorillonite (MMT) with different contents (0.0, 1.0, and 3.0 wt%) and with the addition of compatibilizer agent (LDPE-g-MA) were prepared by extrusion process. Test specimens were obtained by hot pressing in a hydropneumatic press followed by die-cutting. The nanocomposites produced using rLDPE presented good mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties, being the ideal concentration of 1 wt% MMT. Thus, the results obtained confirmed the viability of recycling LDPE from the prepreg package which contributes to the reduction of waste and the use of this material in technological applications.
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Riechert VM, Ferrofino AG, Ressia JA, Failla MD, Quinzani LM. Modification of propylene-α-olefin copolymers by maleic anhydride grafting and blending. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2019.1598633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M. Riechert
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Aníbal G. Ferrofino
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Ressia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo D. Failla
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería, UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lidia M. Quinzani
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride grafted SEBS modified with ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol or glycerine. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Synthesis of Propylene- co-Styrenic Monomer Copolymers via Arylation of Chlorinated PP and Their Compatibilization for PP/PS Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010157. [PMID: 30960141 PMCID: PMC6401786 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of propylene-co-styrenic monomer copolymers were synthesized using the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction between chlorinated PP and substituted benzene, and the effects of these copolymers on a PP/PS (80/20) blend were investigated by using the impact test, morphology observation, thermo- and dynamic mechanical analysis, and rheology measurements. The results showed that the compatibilization efficiency varied as the variation of the substitute on the benzene ring of the styrenic monomer unit was incorporated in the PP chain in an order of methyl > ethyl > methoxyl. The copolymers bearing a crystalline isotactic polypropylene chain sequence and rubbery propylene-co-styrene-like unit chain segments may prepossess imaginable applications, giving an example for the synthesis and applications of PP-based copolymers, initiating a new way to broaden the polyolefin-based material family.
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Larrañeta E, Domínguez-Robles J, Coogan M, Heaney E, Stewart SA, Thakur RRS, Donnelly RF. Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) Hydrogels Containing Cyclodextrins and Tween 85 for Potential Application as Hydrophobic Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Larrañeta E, Imízcoz M, Toh JX, Irwin NJ, Ripolin A, Perminova A, Domínguez-Robles J, Rodríguez A, Donnelly RF. Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin Hydrogels for Potential Applications as Drug Eluting Antimicrobial Coatings for Medical Materials. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2018; 6:9037-9046. [PMID: 30023141 PMCID: PMC6046221 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet. It is a biocompatible, cheap, environmentally friendly and readily accessible material. It has been reported that these biomacromolecules have antimicrobial activities. Consequently, lignin (LIG) has the potential to be used for biomedical applications. In the present work, a simple method to prepare lignin-based hydrogels is described. The hydrogels were prepared by combining LIG with poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) through an esterification reaction. The synthesis took place in the solid state and can be accelerated significantly (24 vs 1 h) by the use of microwave (MW) radiation. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by evaluation of their swelling capacities and with the use of infrared spectroscopy/solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The prepared hydrogels showed LIG contents ranging between 40% and 24% and water uptake capabilities up to 500%. Furthermore, the hydrophobic nature of LIG facilitated loading of a model hydrophobic drug (curcumin). The hydrogels were capable of sustaining the delivery of this compound for up to 4 days. Finally, the materials demonstrated logarithmic reductions in adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis of up to 5.0 relative to the commonly employed medical material poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Larrañeta
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
- Dr. Eneko Larrañeta. Tel: +44 (0)28 9097 2360.
| | - Mikel Imízcoz
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Jie X. Toh
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Irwin
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Ripolin
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Perminova
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Building Marie
Curie, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Building Marie
Curie, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- Belfast
School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
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Jang KS, Eom YS, Choi KS, Bae HC. Synchronous curable deoxidizing capability of epoxy-anhydride adhesive: Deoxidation quantification via spectroscopic analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keon-Soo Jang
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory; Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon 34129 South Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Eom
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory; Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon 34129 South Korea
| | - Kwang-Seong Choi
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory; Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon 34129 South Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Bae
- ICT Materials and Components Research Laboratory; Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI); Daejeon 34129 South Korea
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Martínez-Colunga JG, Sánchez-Valdes S, Blanco-Cardenas A, Ramírez-Vargas E, Ramos-de Valle LF, Benavides-Cantu R, Espinoza-Martinez AB, Sanchez-Lopez S, Lozano-Ramirez T, Lafleur PG, Karami S. Dispersion and exfoliation of nanoclays in itaconic acid funcionalized LDPE by ultrasound treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saúl Sánchez-Valdes
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140; Saltillo Coahuila C.P 25294 México
| | - Armida Blanco-Cardenas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140; Saltillo Coahuila C.P 25294 México
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140; Saltillo Coahuila C.P 25294 México
| | | | - Roberto Benavides-Cantu
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140; Saltillo Coahuila C.P 25294 México
| | | | - Santiago Sanchez-Lopez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140; Saltillo Coahuila C.P 25294 México
| | - Tomas Lozano-Ramirez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Madero; Juventino Rosas y Jesus Urueta; Cd. Madero Tamaulipas C.P 89440 México
| | - Pierre G. Lafleur
- Chemical Engineering Department; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn. Centre-Ville; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Shahir Karami
- Chemical Engineering Department; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Stn. Centre-Ville; Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
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Larrañeta E, Barturen L, Ervine M, Donnelly RF. Hydrogels based on poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) and Tween 85 for sustained delivery of hydrophobic drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:147-158. [PMID: 29353081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) and Tween 85 were prepared for hydrophobic drug delivery. The hydrogels were synthesized following a simple procedure carried out in solid state. The process did not require the use of any solvent and, as it is based on an esterification reaction, no toxic by-products were obtained. The resulting hydrogels contained Tween 85 inside the structure and due to the amphiphilic nature of this compound, hydrophobic domains within the hydrogel structure were formed. The obtained hydrogels showed good swelling capacities ranging from 100% to 600%. The esterification reaction that took place between poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) and Tween 85 was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Hydrogels were loaded with a hydrophobic drug model, Curcumin (CUR), showing that the hydrogels were able to retain up to 36 mg of CUR per g of hydrogel. Additionally, the synthesized hydrogels provided in vitro sustained CUR release over periods of up to 30 days. Finally, and due to the mucoadhesive nature of the prepared materials, one of the hydrogels was tested in vitro as an oral drug delivery system. For this purpose, the selected material was milled into microparticles (45-90 µm diameter). The release of CUR from the microparticles was evaluated under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. The microparticles were able to release their cargos in 7 h. However, further work is required to optimize this system for oral drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Laura Barturen
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michael Ervine
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Larrañeta E, Henry M, Irwin NJ, Trotter J, Perminova AA, Donnelly RF. Synthesis and characterization of hyaluronic acid hydrogels crosslinked using a solvent-free process for potential biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:1194-1205. [PMID: 29253949 PMCID: PMC5742632 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A single step solid state crosslinking reaction has been developed to obtain hyaluronic acid hydrogels. The use of microwave radiation reduces significantly the crosslinking time. The synthesized materials allowed sustained release of a model molecule (methylene blue) for a period of up to 2 days. The material can be used to prepare micro-engineered devices such as microneedles through a micromoulding process. The resulting hydrogels showed anti-infective and bacteriostatic properties.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural linear polysaccharide that has been used extensively in the biomedical field as it is a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and non-immunogenic polymer with high water affinity. Besides, the presence of multiple acid and hydroxyl groups in the HA molecule makes it an ideal candidate for chemical modification. The present paper describes the synthesis and characterization of HA-based hydrogels. For this purpose, aqueous mixtures containing 5% (w/w) of HA and different concentrations of Gantrez S97 (GAN) (1, 3 and 5% w/w) were used to prepare HA-based hydrogels. The mixtures were dried and the hydrogels were obtained after heating the solid material at 80 °C for 24 h. GAN is the acid form of an methylvinylether and maleic anhydride copolymer and contains multiple acid groups that can form ester bonds when reacting with the multiple hydroxyl groups present in HA chains. The method described here present potential to be applied for the preparation of HA-based biomaterials with a defined form as the crosslinking reaction between HA and the crosslinker takes place in solid phase. Besides, the method can be considered an environmental-friendly process as no organic solvents or potentially toxic substances were used. The esterification reaction was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and dynamic scanning calorimetry measurements. The loading and release capabilities of the hydrogels were evaluating by using methylene blue (MB) as a model molecule. The hydrogels showed a high affinity for MB showing loadings up to 0.35 mg MB per mg of hydrogel. Moreover, the hydrogels were capable of sustaining the MB release over two days. The use of microwave radiation was evaluated to reduce the crosslinking time from 24 h to 1 h, but this procedure needs to be optimized in future studies. As the crosslinking procedure takes place in solid state, the HA/GAN hydrogels were used to prepare micro-engineered device, microneedle arrays. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the hydrogels were evaluated. The results showed that the hydrogels presented anti-infective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Megan Henry
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicola J Irwin
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Johann Trotter
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anastasia A Perminova
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Jiraroj D, Tungasmita S, Tungasmita DN. Zeolite A-polypropylene and silver-zeolite A-polypropylene composite films for antibacterial and breathable applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamon Jiraroj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sukkanaste Tungasmita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Alfadhel KA, Al-Mulla A, Bishara A. Development and Characterization of Polyurethane and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and their Compatibilized Blends. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Novel blends of polyurethane and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, in both forms, compatibilized and uncompatibilized, were developed by melt reactive extrusion technique in a twin-screw extruder. This technique involved acrylonitrile butadiene styrene grafted maleic anhydride (ABS-g-MAH) as the compatibilizer. The objective of this study was to enhance the rigidity characteristics of polyurethane by melt blending acrylonitrile butadiene styrene into polyurethane using a compatibilizer. The blends were analyzed using different techniques to confirm the occurrence of compatibilization reaction between the parent polymers and the compatibilizer. It is observed that addition of the compatibilizer has improved the mechanical properties of the resultant blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Alfadhel
- Chemical Engineering Department , Kuwait University, Safat , Kuwait
| | - A. Al-Mulla
- Chemical Engineering Department , Kuwait University, Safat , Kuwait
| | - A. Bishara
- Chemical Engineering Department , Kuwait University, Safat , Kuwait
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Xie WQ, Gong YX, Yu KX. Quantification of anhydride groups in anhydride-based epoxy hardeners by reaction headspace gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2584-2590. [PMID: 28470779 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a reaction headspace gas chromatographic method for quantifying anhydride groups in anhydride-based epoxy hardeners. In this method, the conversion process of anhydride groups can be realized by two steps. In the first step, anhydride groups in anhydride-based epoxy hardeners completely reacted with water to form carboxyl groups. In the second step, the carboxyl groups reacted with sodium bicarbonate solution in a closed sample vial. After the complete reaction between the carboxyl groups and sodium bicarbonate, the CO2 formed from this reaction was then measured by headspace gas chromatography. The data showed that the reaction in the closed headspace vial can be completed in 15 min at 55°C, the relative standard deviation of the reaction headspace gas chromatography method in the precision test was less than 3.94%, the relative differences between the new method and a reference method were no more than 9.38%. The present reaction method is automated, efficient and can be a reliable tool for quantifying the anhydride groups in anhydride-based epoxy hardeners and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kong-Xian Yu
- Health Supervision Bureau of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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38
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Liu W, Liu T, Liu T, Liu T, Xin J, Hiscox WC, Liu H, Liu L, Zhang J. Improving Grafting Efficiency of Dicarboxylic Anhydride Monomer on Polylactic Acid by Manipulating Monomer Structure and Using Comonomer and Reducing Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linshu Liu
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
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39
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Wei D, Ding Y, Wang T, Yang J, Guan Y, Zheng A. Preparation of nonleaching antimicrobial polypropylene wax and its application in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dafu Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yifei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tingwen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yong Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Anna Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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40
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Prabhu K, Macko T, Brüll R, Remerie K, Tacx J, Garg P, Ginzburg A. Separation of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene using multidimensional high-temperature liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1441:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Lou J, Luo Z, Li Y. The effect of epoxy and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide on melt-grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene by reactive extrusion. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfen Lou
- Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute; Guiyang China 550014
| | - Zhu Luo
- Polymer Engineering Department, College of Materials Science and Metallurgy; Guizhou University; China 550025
| | - Yang Li
- Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang China 550003
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Chen T, Zhang J, You H. Photodegradation behavior and mechanism of poly(ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) random copolymers: correlation with copolymer composition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrish type I and II mechanisms occurred in PETG copolymers. The inherent photostability of PETG decreased with increasing CHDM content. The higher CHDM content resulted in the higher crosslinking degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites
| | - Hongjun You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
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43
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Li Z, Ma YH, Yang WT. Polypropylene/silica nanocomposites in situ prepared via sol-gel reactions using porous spherical poly(propylene-g-(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)) granules as reaction loci. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Lin JR, Lin JH, Chen QH. Anti-Aging Performance of Cardanol Grafted onto Polypropylene by Reactive Extrusion. INT POLYM PROC 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cardanol grafted onto polypropylene (CAPP) was prepared by reactive extrusion with polypropylene (PP) and natural renewable cardanol, which could improve the inherent defects of PP such as chemical inertness and hydrophobicity. Moreover, the cardanol grafted onto PP could resolve the degradation of PP during the process of reactive extrusion, storage and application. In this paper, the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation at break of modified and unmodified PPs were tested during the aging process. A possible aging mechanim of PP and anti-aging mechanism of cardanol grafted onto PP were proposed. Results showed that the initiator dicumyl peroxide caused the degradation of PP chains during the aging processing. After being aged for 24 h, the yield strength CAPP0 decreased from 28 MPa to 15 MPa and the elongation at break reduced by 795%. CAPPs possessed outstanding anti-aging performance owing to the cross-linking and entanglement of the side chains of cardanol grafted onto PP. The yield strength, tensile strength and the elongation at break of CAPP5 changed lightly even when it was in long-term irradiation for 480 h. The CAPPs had better anti-aging properties than the mixture of PP and 5% of cardanol. CAPP containing 3% of cardanol could effectively prevent the degradation of the main chain polypropylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-R. Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
| | - J.-H. Lin
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials , Fuzhou , PRC
| | - Q.-H. Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials , Fuzhou , PRC
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou , PRC
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45
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Domenech T, Zouari R, Vergnes B, Peuvrel-Disdier E. Formation of Fractal-like Structure in Organoclay-Based Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trystan Domenech
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en
Forme des Matériaux, Unité
Mixte de Recherche 7635 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Ecole
des Mines, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Riadh Zouari
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en
Forme des Matériaux, Unité
Mixte de Recherche 7635 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Ecole
des Mines, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Vergnes
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en
Forme des Matériaux, Unité
Mixte de Recherche 7635 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Ecole
des Mines, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Edith Peuvrel-Disdier
- MINES ParisTech, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en
Forme des Matériaux, Unité
Mixte de Recherche 7635 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Ecole
des Mines, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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46
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Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid)-poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) core-shell microcapsule absorbents for cement mortar. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Brito GF, Xin J, Zhang P, Mélo TJA, Zhang J. Enhanced melt free radical grafting efficiency of polyethylene using a novel redox initiation method. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Choi SS, Kwon HM, Kim Y, Bae JW, Kim JS. Characterization of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (MAH-g-EPDM) based thermoplastic elastomers by formation of zinc ionomer. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Grafting of maleic anhydride on polypropylene by reactive extrusion: effect of maleic anhydride and peroxide concentrations on reaction yield and products characteristics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2013-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of polypropylenes (PPs) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA), prepared by reactive extrusion in a twin screw extruder with different contents of peroxide and MA, was characterized. For each sample, the amount of grafted MA, the molecular weight distribution, the viscoelastic properties in small amplitude oscillatory shear and the transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured. The respective influence of initial MA and peroxide concentrations on these parameters was characterized. In particular, it was shown that the rheological properties are only controlled by the molecular weight, whatever the way it has been obtained, by varying either MA content or peroxide concentration. Moreover, it is clearly shown that the presence of MA tends to enhance the PP degradation due to the peroxide.
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50
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Preparation and reaction kinetics of polypropylene-graft-cardanol by reactive extrusion and its compatibilization on polypropylene/polystyrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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