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Wayllace NM, Hedín N, Busi MV, Gomez-Casati DF. Identification, molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel thermoactive and thermostable glucoamylase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1201-1216. [PMID: 35997915 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identified a new glucoamylase (TeGA) from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. Structural studies suggest that TeGA belongs to the family 15 of glycosylhydrolases (GH15). METHODS The expression of this enzyme was optimized in E. coli (BL21) cells in order to have the highest amount of soluble protein (around 3 mg/l of culture medium). RESULTS TeGA showed a high optimum temperature of 75 °C. It also showed one of the highest specific activities reported for a bacterial glucoamylase (75.3 U/mg) and was also stable in a wide pH range (3.0-10.0). Although the enzyme was preferentially active with maltose, it was also able to hydrolyze different soluble starches such as those from potato, corn or rice. TeGA showed a high thermostability up to around 70 °C, which was increased in the presence of PEG8000, and also showed to be stable in the presence of moderate concentrations of ethanol. CONCLUSION We propose that TeGA could be suitable for use in different industrial processes such as biofuel production and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natael M Wayllace
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Hedín
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María V Busi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Characterization of SdGA, a cold-adapted glucoamylase from Saccharophagus degradans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00625. [PMID: 34041001 PMCID: PMC8141877 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural and functional properties of SdGA, a glucoamylase (GA) from Saccharophagus degradans, a marine bacterium which degrades different complex polysaccharides at high rate. SdGA is composed mainly by a N-terminal GH15_N domain linked to a C-terminal catalytic domain (CD) found in the GH15 family of glycosylhydrolases with an overall structure similar to other bacterial GAs. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, purified and its biochemical properties were investigated. Although SdGA has a maximum activity at 39 °C and pH 6.0, it also shows high activity in a wide range, from low to mild temperatures, like cold-adapted enzymes. Furthermore, SdGA has a higher content of flexible residues and a larger CD due to various amino acid insertions compared to other thermostable GAs. We propose that this novel SdGA, is a cold-adapted enzyme that might be suitable for use in different industrial processes that require enzymes which act at low or medium temperatures.
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3
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Mannitol and erythritol reduce the ethanol yield during Chinese Baijiu production. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108933. [PMID: 33181418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Baijiu is prepared using multiple microbial strains and complex metabolites by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Yeasts are challenged by various endogenous and exogenous factors, detrimentally affecting the ethanol yield. It is imperative to identify and control inhibitory factors. In the present study, microbial taxa and metabolites during Baijiu fermentation were evaluated to identify inhibitors of ethanol production. We found that filamentous fungi and Bacillus, contributing to saccharification, were negatively related to the ethanol content (Spearman's |ρ| > 0.5, P < 0.05). To explore how they affect ethanol production, ten filamentous fungi and three Bacillus strains were isolated. In addition to glucose and maltose, polyols were simultaneously generated by filamentous fungi and Bacillus via the hydrolysis of starch, among which mannitol and erythritol had the highest contents of up to 41.56 ± 2.01 g/kg and 16.16 ± 1.13 g/kg, respectively. The presence of mannitol and erythritol inhibited ethanol production by the functional yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii. The presence of 10.0 g/L mannitol significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the ethanol yield of S. cerevisiae by 12.67% (from 39.34 ± 0.02% to 32.71 ± 0.49%). These results revealed that polyols may inhibit the production of Baijiu and other fermented foods, suggesting that the origin and influence of polyols should be a focus of future research.
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4
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Aslam F, Ansari A, Aman A, Baloch G, Nisar G, Baloch AH, Rehman HU. Production of commercially important enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 using date fruit wastes as substrate. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:46. [PMID: 32865719 PMCID: PMC7458985 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is one of the top five date fruit-producing countries and produced more than 30% wastes in picking, packing, storage, and commercialization stages. The date fruit wastes are usually considered inedible for humans and only used for livestock feed. In current research, Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 was screened for pectinase, xylanase, cellulase, and amylase production using date fruit wastes as substrate through solid state fermentation. RESULTS The B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 produced higher concentration of pectinase using date fruit wastes as substrate as compared to amylase, cellulase, and xylanase. B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 produced maximum pectinase using 5.0 g/dl date fruit wastes and 0.5 g/dl yeast extract. B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 required pH 7.0, 37 °C incubation temperature, and 72 h incubation period for maximum production of pectinase. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that date fruit waste is a good source of biomass and can be utilized for the commercial production of pectinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aslam
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Turbat, 92600 Pakistan
| | - Asma Ansari
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Granaz Baloch
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Turbat, 92600 Pakistan
| | - Gissed Nisar
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Turbat, 92600 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed Baloch
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Turbat, 92600 Pakistan
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Song J, Tang H, Liang H, Luo L, Lin W. Effect of bioaugmentation on biochemical characterisation and microbial communities in
Daqu
using
Bacillus
,
Saccharomycopsis
and
Absidia. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hanlan Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hebin Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lixin Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Nayak A, Bhushan B. An overview of the recent trends on the waste valorization techniques for food wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:352-370. [PMID: 30590265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A critical and up-to-date review has been conducted on the latest individual valorization technologies aimed at the generation of value-added by-products from food wastes in the form of bio-fuels, bio-materials, value added components and bio-based adsorbents. The aim is to examine the associated advantages and drawbacks of each technique separately along with the assessment of process parameters affecting the efficiency of the generation of the bio-based products. Challenges faced during the processing of the wastes to each of the bio-products have been explained and future scopes stated. Among the many hurdles encountered in the successful and high yield generation of the bio-products is the complexity and variability in the composition of the food wastes along with the high inherent moisture content. Also, individual technologies have their own process configurations and operating parameters which may affect the yield and composition of the desired end product. All these require extensive study of the composition of the food wastes followed by their effective pre-treatments, judicial selection of the technological parameters and finally optimization of not only the process configurations but also in relation to the input food waste material. Attempt has also been made to address the hurdles faced during the implementation of such technologies on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nayak
- Innovació i Recerca Industrial I Sostenible, S.L., 08860, Spain; Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India.
| | - Brij Bhushan
- Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India; Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politechnica Catalunya, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
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7
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Siriwong T, Laimeheriwa B, Aini UN, Cahyanto MN, Reungsang A, Salakkam A. Cold hydrolysis of cassava pulp and its use in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for ethanol fermentation. J Biotechnol 2019; 292:57-63. [PMID: 30690096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated cold hydrolysis of cassava pulp (CP) and the use of cold hydrolysis with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production. Cold hydrolysis of 100 g-CP/L at 50 °C for 2 h, followed by at 30 °C for 72 h resulted in the production of 71.5 ± 1.8 g/L of reducing sugar, with a yield of 0.72 g/g-CP. A mathematical model describing the cold hydrolysis process was subsequently developed. The model proved to be applicable for other cold hydrolysis systems with satisfactory results. The sequential process of cold hydrolysis at 50 °C for 2 h, followed by SSF at 30 °C for 72 h gave 27.4 g-ethanol/L, with a productivity of 0.37 g/(L h) and a fermentation efficiency of 57.58%. Based on the results, a bioconversion process for CP to ethanol was proposed. In this process, 1 kg of ethanol could be produced from 3.65 kg of CP without any nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Siriwong
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
| | - Bustomi Laimeheriwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Uyun Nurul Aini
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand; Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
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8
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Du R, Song Q, Zhang Q, Zhao F, Kim RC, Zhou Z, Han Y. Purification and characterization of novel thermostable and Ca-independent α-amylase produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH072. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1151-1156. [PMID: 29729336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel α-amylase produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH072 was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of purified α-amylase was approximately 68 kDa, determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and ten amino acid of N-terminal was NSGLNGYLTH. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 4.27 ± 0.21 mg/mL and 987.34 ± 23.34 U/mg, respectively. Purified α-amylase showed maximal activity at pH 7 and 60 °C. Enzyme remained stable in pH range 6.0-7.0 and 50-80 °C. The activity of the α-amylase was Ca2+ independent and stability in the presence of surfactant, oxidizing and bleaching agents. The β-mercaptoethanol and EDTA greatly enhanced and reduced α-amylase activity, respectively. This enzyme has high hydrolysis rate toward corn, wheat and potato starch and hydrolyzes soluble starch to glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose, indicating that the α-amylase represents a promising candidate for applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiaoge Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rak-Chon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Han Dok Su Pyongyang University of Light Industry, Pyongyang 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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9
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Jambulingam K, Nachimuthu S, Saranya M. Maximizing L-glutaminase production from marine Bacillus subtilis JK-79 under solid state fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Catalytic Properties of Amylolytic Enzymes Produced by Gongronella butleri Using Agroindustrial Residues on Solid-State Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7507523. [PMID: 29376074 PMCID: PMC5742443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7507523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of starch, a vegetable polysaccharide abundant in nature. These enzymes can be utilized in the production of syrups, alcohol, detergent, pharmaceutical products, and animal feed formulations. The aim of this study was to optimize the production of amylases by the filamentous fungus Gongronella butleri by solid-state fermentation and to evaluate the catalytic properties of the obtained enzymatic extract. The highest amylase production, 63.25 U g-1 (or 6.32 U mL-1), was obtained by culturing the fungus in wheat bran with 55% of initial moisture, cultivated for 96 h at 25°C. The enzyme presented optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 55°C. The amylase produced was stable in a wide pH range (3.5-9.5) and maintained its catalytic activity for 1 h at 40°C. Furthermore, the enzymatic extract hydrolyzed starches from different vegetable sources, presenting predominant dextrinizing activity for all substrates evaluated. However, the presence of glucose was observed in a higher concentration during hydrolysis of corn starch, indicating the synergistic action of endo- and exoamylases, which enables the application of this enzymatic extract to produce syrups from different starch sources.
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11
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Carrasco M, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M. Purification and characterization of a novel cold adapted fungal glucoamylase. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:75. [PMID: 28464820 PMCID: PMC5414198 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45–60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. In this report, a glucoamylase secreted by the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp. was isolated and biochemically characterized. Results The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the Km and kcat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min−1, respectively. Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. Conclusion The glucoamylase secreted by Tetracladium sp. is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0693-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Carrasco
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 342, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 342, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 342, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 342, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Magyar M, da Costa Sousa L, Jayanthi S, Balan V. Pie waste - A component of food waste and a renewable substrate for producing ethanol. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 62:247-254. [PMID: 28223079 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-rich food waste is a sustainable feedstock that can be converted into ethanol without an expensive thermochemical pretreatment that is commonly used in first and second generation processes. In this manuscript we have outlined the pie waste conversion to ethanol through a two-step process, namely, enzyme hydrolysis using commercial enzyme products mixtures and microbial fermentation using yeast. Optimized enzyme cocktail was found to be 45% alpha amylase, 45% gamma amylase, and 10% pectinase at 2.5mg enzyme protein/g glucan produced a hydrolysate with high glucose concentration. All three solid loadings (20%, 30%, and 40%) produced sugar-rich hydrolysates and ethanol with little to no enzyme or yeast inhibition. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process mass balance was carried out using pie waste on a 1000g dry weight basis that produced 329g ethanol at 20% solids loading. This process clearly demonstrate how food waste could be efficiently converted to ethanol that could be used for making biodiesel by reacting with waste cooking oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Magyar
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University (MSU), 3900 Collins Road, MBI Building, Lansing, MI 48910, United States
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University (MSU), 3900 Collins Road, MBI Building, Lansing, MI 48910, United States
| | - Singaram Jayanthi
- Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory (BCRL), Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University (MSU), 3900 Collins Road, MBI Building, Lansing, MI 48910, United States.
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13
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Ahmed SA, Mostafa FA, Helmy WA, Abdel-Naby MA. Improvement of bacterial α-amylase production and application using two steps statistical factorial design. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Li P, Lin W, Liu X, Wang X, Gan X, Luo L, Lin WT. Effect of bioaugmented inoculation on microbiota dynamics during solid-state fermentation of Daqu starter using autochthonous of Bacillus , Pediococcus , Wickerhamomyces and Saccharomycopsis. Food Microbiol 2017; 61:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Bharathiraja S, Suriya J, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Production of Enzymes From Agricultural Wastes and Their Potential Industrial Applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 80:125-148. [PMID: 28215322 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the significant technique for the conversion of agricultural wastes into valuable products. Agroindustrial wastes such as rice bran, wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corncob are cheapest and plentifully available natural carbon sources for the production of industrially important enzymes. Innumerable enzymes that have numerous applications in industrial processes for food, drug, textile, and dye use have been produced from different types of microorganisms from agricultural wastes. Utilization of agricultural wastes offers great potential for reducing the production cost and increasing the use of enzymes for industrial purposes. This chapter focuses on economic production of actinobacterial enzymes from agricultural wastes to make a better alternative for utilization of biomass generated in million tons as waste annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, India
| | - J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Li P, Lin W, Liu X, Wang X, Luo L. Environmental Factors Affecting Microbiota Dynamics during Traditional Solid-state Fermentation of Chinese Daqu Starter. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1237. [PMID: 27540378 PMCID: PMC4972817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the microbiota dynamics during two industrial-scale traditional solid-state fermentation (SSF) processes of Daqu starters. Similar evolution profiles of environmental parameters, enzymatic activities, microbial amounts, and communities were observed during the medium temperature SSF (MTSSF) and low temperature SSF (LTSSF) processes. Orders of Rickettsiales and Streptophyta only dominated the initial 2 days, and Eurotiales only predominated from days 10 to 24, however, phylotypes of Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Bacillales, Saccharomycetales, and Mucorales both prevailed throughout the MTSSF and LTSSF processes. Nevertheless, the pH in MTSSF process on day 5 were 5.28, while in LTSSF process (4.87) significantly lower (P < 0.05). The glucoamylase activities in MTSSF process dropped from 902.71 to 394.33 mg glucose g(-1) h(-1) on days 5 to 24, while significantly lower (P < 0.05) in LTSSF process and decreased from 512.25 to 268.69 mg glucose g(-1) h(-1). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriales and Lactobacillales in MTSSF process constituted from 10.30 to 71.73% and 2.34 to 16.68%, while in LTSSF process ranged from 3.16 to 41.06% and 8.43 to 57.39%, respectively. The relative abundance of Eurotiales in MTSSF process on days 10 to 24 decreased from 36.10 to 28.63%, while obviously higher in LTSSF process and increased from 52.00 to 72.97%. Furthermore, lower bacterial richness but higher fungal richness were displayed, markedly differences in bacterial communities but highly similarities in fungal communities were exhibited, during MTSSF process comparatively to the LTSSF process. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed microbial structure transition happened at thermophilic stages under environmental stress of moisture, pH, acidity, and pile temperature. These profound understanding might help to effectively control the traditional Daqu SSF process by adjusting relevant environmental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, China
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17
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Yang X, Zhu L, Jiang L, Xu Q, Xu X, Huang H. Optimization of bioconversion process for trehalose production from enzymatic hydrolysis of kudzu root starch using a visualization method. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Microbiota Dynamics Associated with Environmental Conditions and Potential Roles of Cellulolytic Communities in Traditional Chinese Cereal Starter Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5144-56. [PMID: 26002897 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01325-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese solid-state fermented cereal starters contain highly complex microbial communities and enzymes. Very little is known, however, about the microbial dynamics related to environmental conditions, and cellulolytic communities have never been proposed to exist during cereal starter fermentation. In this study, we performed Illumina MiSeq sequencing combined with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to investigate microbiota, coupled with clone library construction to trace cellulolytic communities in both fermentation stages. A succession of microbial assemblages was observed during the fermentation of starters. Lactobacillales and Saccharomycetales dominated the initial stages, with a continuous decline in relative abundance. However, thermotolerant and drought-resistant Bacillales, Eurotiales, and Mucorales were considerably accelerated during the heating stages, and these organisms dominated until the end of fermentation. Enterobacteriales were consistently ubiquitous throughout the process. For the cellulolytic communities, only the genera Sanguibacter, Beutenbergia, Agrobacterium, and Erwinia dominated the initial fermentation stages. In contrast, stages at high incubation temperature induced the appearance and dominance of Bacillus, Aspergillus, and Mucor. The enzymatic dynamics of amylase and glucoamylase also showed a similar trend, with the activities clearly increased in the first 7 days and subsequently decreased until the end of fermentation. Furthermore, β-glucosidase activity continuously and significantly increased during the fermentation process. Evidently, cellulolytic potential can adapt to environmental conditions by changes in the community structure during the fermentation of starters.
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Tanimura A, Kikukawa M, Yamaguchi S, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Shima J. Direct ethanol production from starch using a natural isolate, Scheffersomyces shehatae: Toward consolidated bioprocessing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9593. [PMID: 25901788 PMCID: PMC5386104 DOI: 10.1038/srep09593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates enzyme production, saccharification and fermentation into a one-step process, is a promising strategy for cost-effective ethanol production from starchy biomass. To gain insights into starch-based ethanol production using CBP, an extensive screening was undertaken to identify naturally occurring yeasts that produce ethanol without the addition of any amylases. Three yeast strains were capable of producing a significant amount of ethanol. Quantitative assays revealed that Scheffersomyces shehatae JCM 18690 was the strain showing the highest ethanol production ability. This strain was able to utilize starch directly, and the ethanol concentration reached 9.21 g/L. We attribute the ethanol-producing ability of this strain to the high levels of glucoamylase activity, fermentation potential and ethanol stress tolerance. This study strongly suggests the possibility of starch-based ethanol production by consolidated bioprocessing using natural yeasts such as S. shehatae JCM 18690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Tanimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minako Kikukawa
- Research Division of Microbial Sciences, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shino Yamaguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Shima
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, 67 Fukakusatsukamoto-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-5662, Japan
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Xian L, Wang F, Luo X, Feng YL, Feng JX. Purification and characterization of a highly efficient calcium-independent α-amylase from Talaromyces pinophilus 1-95. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121531. [PMID: 25811759 PMCID: PMC4374950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amylase is a very important enzyme in the starch conversion process. Most of the α-amylases are calcium-dependent and exhibit poor performance in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process of industrial bioethanol production that uses starch as feedstock. In this study, an extracellular amylolytic enzyme was purified from the culture broth of newly isolated Talaromyces pinophilus strain 1-95. The purified amylolytic enzyme, with an apparent molecular weight of 58 kDa on SDS-PAGE, hydrolyzed maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose into mainly maltose and maltotriose and minor amount of glucose, confirming the endo-acting mode of the enzyme, and hence, was named Talaromyces pinophilus α-amylase (TpAA). TpAA was most active at pH 4.0-5.0 (with the temperature held at 37°C) and 55°C (at pH 5.0), and stable within the pH range of 5.0-9.5 (at 4°C) and below 45°C (at pH 5.0). Interestingly, the Ca2+ did not improve its enzymatic activity, optimal temperature, or thermostability of the enzyme, indicating that the TpAA was Ca2+-independent. TpAA displayed higher enzyme activity toward malto-oligosaccharides and dextrin than other previously reported α-amylases. This highly active Ca2+-independent α-amylase may have potential applications in starch-to-ethanol conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu-Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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21
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López-González JA, Vargas-García MDC, López MJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Jurado M, Moreno J. Enzymatic characterization of microbial isolates from lignocellulose waste composting: chronological evolution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 145:137-146. [PMID: 25026369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Successful composting is dependent upon microbial performance. An interdependent relationship is established between environmental and nutritional properties that rule the process and characteristics of the dominant microbial communities. To reach a better understanding of this relationship, the dynamics of major metabolic activities associated with cultivable isolates according to composting phases were evaluated. Ammonification (72.04%), amylolysis (35.65%), hemicellulolyis (30.75%), and proteolysis (33.61%) were the more frequent activities among isolates, with mesophilic bacteria and fungi as the prevalent microbial communities. Bacteria were mainly responsible for starch hydrolysis, while a higher percentage of hemicellulolytic and proteolytic isolates were ascribable to fungi. Composting seems to exert a functional selective effect on microbial communities by promoting the presence of specific metabolically dominant groups at each stage of the process. Moreover, the application of conglomerate analysis led to the statement of a clear correlation between the chronology of the process and characteristics of the associated microbiota. According to metabolic capabilities of the isolates and their density, three clear clusters were obtained corresponding to the start of the process, including the first thermophilic peak, the rest of the bio-oxidative stage, and the maturation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-González
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Vargas-García
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - María José López
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisca Suárez-Estrella
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Macarena Jurado
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Joaquín Moreno
- Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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22
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Liang MH, Liang YJ, Chai JY, Zhou SS, Jiang JG. Reduction of methanol in brewed wine by the use of atmospheric and room-temperature plasma method and the combination optimization of malt with different adjuncts. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M2308-14. [PMID: 25296711 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methanol, often generated in brewed wine, is highly toxic for human health. To decrease the methanol content of the brewed wine, atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) was used as a new mutagenesis tool to generate a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lower methanol content. Headspace gas chromatography was used to determine the identity and concentration of methanol with butyl acetate as internal standard in brewed wine. With 47.4% higher and 26.3% positive mutation rates were obtained, the ARTP jet exhibited a strong effect on mutation breeding of S. cerevisiae. The mutant S. cerevisiae S12 exhibited the lowest methanol content, which was decreased by 72.54% compared with that of the wild-type strain. Subsequently, the mutant S. cerevisiae S12 was used to ferment different combinations of malt and adjuncts for lower methanol content and higher alcoholic content. It was shown that the culture 6#, which was 60% malt, 20% wheat, and 20% corn, was the best combinations of malt and adjuncts, with the lowest methanol content (104.8 mg/L), and a relatively higher alcoholic content (15.3%, v/v). The optimal malt-adjunct culture 6#, treated with the glucoamylase dose of 0.04 U/mg of grain released the highest reducing sugars (201.6 mg/mL). It was indicated that the variation in reducing sugars among the combinations of malt and different adjuncts could be due to the dose of exogenous enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Biological Science & Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Optimization of Amylase Production from B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270) Using Solid State Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:764046. [PMID: 24949017 PMCID: PMC4037619 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for microbial amylase production persists because of its immense importance in wide spectrum industries. The present work has been initiated with a goal of optimization of solid state fermentation condition for amylase using agroindustrial waste and microbial strain like B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270). In an aim to improve the productivity of amylase, fermentation has been carried out in the presence of calcium (Ca(+2)), Nitrate (NO3 (-)), and chloride ions (Cl(-)) as well as in the presence of D-inositol and mannitol. Amylase needs calcium ion for the preservation of its structure, activity and stability that proves beneficial also for amylase production using solid state fermentation. The inclusion of ions and sugars in the SSF media is promising which can be explained by the protection offered by them against thermal decay of amylase at various incubation periods at 37°C.
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24
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Raul D, Biswas T, Mukhopadhyay S, Kumar Das S, Gupta S. Production and Partial Purification of Alpha Amylase from Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121) Using Solid State Fermentation. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:568141. [PMID: 24672727 PMCID: PMC3942096 DOI: 10.1155/2014/568141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars and plays a pivotal role in a variety of areas like use as digestives, for the production of ethanol and high fructose corn syrup, detergents, desiring of textiles, modified starches, hydrolysis of oil-field drilling fluids, and paper recycling. In the present work, solid state fermentation (SSF) for α -amylase production has been used in lieu of submerged fermentation (SmF) due to its simple technique, low capital investment, lower levels of catabolite repression, and better product recovery. Bacillus subtilis has been well known as producer of alpha amylase and was tested using solid state fermentation for 48 hours at 37°C with wheat bran as substrate. Comparison between different fermentation hours demonstrated high yield of alpha amylase after 48 hours. This alpha amylase has optimum pH and temperature at 7.1 and 40°C, respectively. With the goal to purify alpha amylase, 30-70% (NH4)2SO4 cut concentrated the amylase activity threefold with respect to crude fermented extract. This was verified in quantitative DNS assay method as well as in zymogram gel profile. The exact molecular weight of the amylase is yet to be determined with the aid of other protein purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyangana Raul
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Tania Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Suchita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Shrayan Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Suvroma Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
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25
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Singh S, Singh S, Bali V, Sharma L, Mangla J. Production of fungal amylases using cheap, readily available agriresidues, for potential application in textile industry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:215748. [PMID: 24527439 PMCID: PMC3910488 DOI: 10.1155/2014/215748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at isolation and screening of fungal amylase producer, optimization of solid state fermentation conditions for maximum amylase production by the best amylase producer, and characterization of the crude amylases, so produced. Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222 showed the highest amylase activity (164.1 U/mL) in secondary screening under SSF conditions and was selected for further studies. The test strain showed maximum amylase production (341.7 U/mL) and supernatant protein concentration (9.7 mg/mL) for incubation period (6 days), temperature (35 °C), initial pH (6.0), nutrient salt solution as moistening agent, and beef extract as nitrogen source. Pomegranate peel produced maximum amylase activity, but wheat bran (only slightly lesser amylase activity as compared to that of pomegranate peel) was chosen for further studies, keeping in mind the seasonal availability of pomegranate peel. TLC confirmed the amylase produced to be α -type and 60 kDa was the molecular weight of the partially purified amylase. The enzyme showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0, temperature of 55 °C, and incubation time of 60 minutes. UV (616.0 U/mL) and chemical (814.2 U/mL) mutation enhanced amylase activity as compared to wild test strain. The study indicates that Aspergillus fumigatus NTCC1222 can be an important source of amylase and the crude enzyme, hence obtained, can be cost effectively applied in multiple sections of textile wet processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanamdeep Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Vrinda Bali
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Lovleen Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Mangla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
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Enhanced Production and Characterization of a Solvent Stable Amylase from Solvent TolerantBacillus tequilensisRG-01: Thermostable and Surfactant Resistant. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:972763. [PMID: 25401163 PMCID: PMC4226188 DOI: 10.1155/2014/972763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten bacterial strains isolated from the soil samples in the presence of cyclohexane were screened for amylase production. Among them, culture RG-01 was adjudged as the best amylase producer and was identified as Bacillus tequilensis from MTCC, Chandigarh. The isolate showed maximum amylase production (8100 U/mL) in the presence of starch, peptone, and Ca2+ ions at 55°C pH 7.0 within 24 h of incubation. The enzyme was stable in the presence of n-dodecane, isooctane, n-decane, xylene, toluene, n-hexane, n-butanol, and cyclohexane, respectively. The presence of benzene, methanol, and ethanol marginally reduced the amylase stability, respectively. The enzyme was showed it 100% activity at 55°C and pH 7.0 with 119% and 127% stability at 55°C and pH 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was also stable in the presence of SDS, Tween-40, Tween-60, and Tween-80 (1%) and was found stimulatory effect, respectively. Only Triton-X-100 showed a moderate inhibitory effect (5%) on amylase activity. This isolate (Bacillus tequilensis RG-01) may be useful in several industrial applications owing to its thermotolerant and organic solvents and surfactants resistance characteristics.
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27
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Viktor MJ, Rose SH, van Zyl WH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Raw starch conversion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Aspergillus tubingensis amylases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:167. [PMID: 24286270 PMCID: PMC4176734 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch is one of the most abundant organic polysaccharides available for the production of bio-ethanol as an alternative transport fuel. Cost-effective utilisation of starch requires consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) where a single microorganism can produce the enzymes required for hydrolysis of starch, and also convert the glucose monomers to ethanol. RESULTS The Aspergillus tubingensis T8.4 α-amylase (amyA) and glucoamylase (glaA) genes were cloned and expressed in the laboratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 and the semi-industrial strain, S. cerevisiae Mnuα1. The recombinant AmyA and GlaA displayed protein sizes of 110-150 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively, suggesting significant glycosylation in S. cerevisiae. The Mnuα1[AmyA-GlaA] and Y294[AmyA-GlaA] strains were able to utilise 20 g l-1 raw corn starch as sole carbohydrate source, with ethanol titers of 9.03 and 6.67 g l-1 (0.038 and 0.028 g l-1 h-1), respectively, after 10 days. With a substrate load of 200 g l-1 raw corn starch, Mnuα1[AmyA-GlaA] yielded 70.07 g l-1 ethanol (0.58 g l-1 h-1) after 120 h of fermentation, whereas Y294[AmyA-GlaA] was less efficient at 43.33 g l-1 ethanol (0.36 g l-1 h-1). CONCLUSIONS In a semi-industrial amylolytic S. cerevisiae strain expressing the A. tubingensis α-amylase and glucoamylase genes, 200 g l-1 raw starch was completely hydrolysed (saccharified) in 120 hours with 74% converted to released sugars plus fermentation products and the remainder presumably to biomass. The single-step conversion of raw starch represents significant progress towards the realisation of CBP without the need for any heat pretreatment. Furthermore, the amylases were produced and secreted by the host strain, thus circumventing the need for exogenous amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko J Viktor
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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28
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Liu Y, Li QS, Zhu HL, Meng ZL, Xiang HY, Xie QH. Purification and characterization of two thermostable glucoamylases produced from Aspergillus niger B-30. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-3074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Glucoamylase from a newly isolated Aspergillus niger FME: Detergent-Mediated production, purification, and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-3001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Levansucrase optimization using solid state fermentation and levan biological activities studies. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 96:332-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
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32
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Complete starch hydrolysis by the synergistic action of amylase and glucoamylase: impact of calcium ions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:1555-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Patni N, Pillai SG, Dwivedi AH. Wheat as a Promising Substitute of Corn for Bioethanol Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Isolation of a thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus sp. nov. and production of thermostable α-amylase under solid-state fermentation (SSF). ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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35
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Soni SK, Goyal N, Gupta JK, Soni R. Enhanced production of α-amylase fromBacillus subtilissubsp.spizizeniiin solid state fermentation by response surface methodology and its evaluation in the hydrolysis of raw potato starch. STARCH-STARKE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Kapdan IK, Kargi F, Oztekin R. Effects of operating parameters on acid hydrolysis of ground wheat starch: Maximization of the sugar yield by statistical experiment design. STARCH-STARKE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Enhancement of oxytetracycline production after gamma irradiation-induced mutagenesis of Streptomyces rimosus CN08 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 26:1317-22. [PMID: 24026936 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces rimosus CN08 isolated from Tunisian soil produced 8.6 mg l(-1) of oxytetracycline (OTC) under submerged fermentation (SmF). Attempts were made for enhancing OTC production after irradiation-induced mutagenesis of Streptomyces rimosus CN08 with Co(60)-γ rays. 125 OTC-producing colonies were obtained after screening on kanamycin containing medium. One mutant called Streptomyces rimosus γ-45 whose OTC production increased 19-fold (165 mg l(-1)) versus wild-type strain was selected. γ-45 mutant was used for OTC production under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Wheat bran (WB) was used as solid substrate and process parameters influencing OTC production were optimized. Solid-state fermentation increased the yield of antibiotic production (257 mg g(-1)) when compared with submerged fermentation. Ammonium sulphate as additional nitrogen source enhanced OTC level to 298 mg g(-1). Interestingly, OTC production by γ-45 mutant was insensitive to phosphate which opens the way to high OTC production even in medium containing phosphate necessary for optimal mycelia growth.
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Kubrak OI, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Production and properties of α-amylase fromBacillussp. BKL20. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:279-88. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a result of screening Bacillus sp. strains isolated from different natural substrates, strain BKL20 was identified as a producer of a thermostable alkaline α-amylase. Maximum production of this α-amylase was achieved by optimizing culture conditions. Production of α-amylase seemed to be independent of the presence of starch in the culture medium and was stimulated by the presence of peptone (0.3%, m/v) and yeast extract (0.2%, m/v). The enzyme was thermostable and retained amylolytic activity after 30 min of incubation at 60 and 70 °C. High activity was maintained over a broad pH range, from 6.0 to 11.0, and the enzyme remained active after alkaline incubation for 24 h. Bacillus sp. BKL20 α-amylase was not stimulated by Ca2+or other bivalent metal cations and was not inhibited by EGTA or EDTA at 1–10 mmol/L, suggesting that this α-amylase is a Ca2+-independent enzyme. It also showed good resistance to both oxidizing (H2O2) and denaturating (urea) agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha I. Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Statistical optimization of α-amylase production by Bacillus brevis MTCC 7521 in solid-state fermentation using cassava bagasse. Biologia (Bratisl) 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-009-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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da Silva TM, Maller A, de Lima Damásio AR, Michelin M, Ward RJ, Hirata IY, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, de Polizeli MLTM. Properties of a purified thermostable glucoamylase from Aspergillus niveus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1439-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sánchez OJ, Cardona CA. Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different feedstocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5270-95. [PMID: 18158236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Present work deals with the biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different raw materials. The different technologies for producing fuel ethanol from sucrose-containing feedstocks (mainly sugar cane), starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass are described along with the major research trends for improving them. The complexity of the biomass processing is recognized through the analysis of the different stages involved in the conversion of lignocellulosic complex into fermentable sugars. The features of fermentation processes for the three groups of studied feedstocks are discussed. Comparative indexes for the three major types of feedstocks for fuel ethanol production are presented. Finally, some concluding considerations on current research and future tendencies in the production of fuel ethanol regarding the pretreatment and biological conversion of the feedstocks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Sánchez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Colombia at Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60 Of. F-505, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
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Rodríguez Couto S. Exploitation of biological wastes for the production of value-added products under solid-state fermentation conditions. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:859-70. [PMID: 18543242 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological wastes contain several reusable substances of high value such as soluble sugars and fibre. Direct disposal of such wastes to soil or landfill causes serious environmental problems. Thus, the development of potential value-added processes for these wastes is highly attractive. These biological wastes can be used as support-substrates in solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce industrially relevant metabolites with great economical advantage. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly method of waste management. This paper reviews the reutilization of biological wastes for the production of value-added products using the SSF technique.
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Sago starch as a low-cost carbon source for exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Regulapati R, . PNM, . SNG. Production of Thermostable α-amylases by Solid State Fermentation-A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2007.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Solid state fermentation for the production of α-amylase from Penicillium chrysogenum using mixed agricultural by-products as substrate. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Goyal N, Gupta J, Soni S. A novel raw starch digesting thermostable α-amylase from Bacillus sp. I-3 and its use in the direct hydrolysis of raw potato starch. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kunamneni A, Singh S. Response surface optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of maize starch for higher glucose production. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kunamneni A, Permaul K, Singh S. Amylase production in solid state fermentation by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 100:168-71. [PMID: 16198259 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.100.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of extracellular amylase by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus was studied in solid state fermentation (SSF). Solid substrates such as wheat bran, molasses bran, rice bran, maize meal, millet cereal, wheat flakes, barley bran, crushed maize, corncobs and crushed wheat were studied for enzyme production. Growth on wheat bran gave the highest amylase activity. The maximum enzyme activity obtained was 534 U/g of wheat bran under optimum conditions of an incubation period of 120 h, an incubation temperature of 50 degrees C, an initial moisture content of 90%, a pH of 6.0, an inoculum level of 10% (v/w), a salt solution concentration of 1.5:10 (v/w) and a ratio of substrate weight to flask volume of 1:100 with soluble starch (1% w/w) and peptone (1% w/w) as supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Kunamneni
- Department of Biotechnology, Durban Institute of Technology, ML Sultan Campus, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa.
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