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Sheikhian L, Jamalifard Y. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-based dispersive solid phase extraction with following back-extraction for HPLC/UV determination of Rosmarinic acid in lemon balm and Rosemary plant samples. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Shi M, Huang F, Deng C, Wang Y, Kai G. Bioactivities, biosynthesis and biotechnological production of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:953-964. [PMID: 29746788 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1474170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which is used as not only human medicine but also health-promotion food. Danshen has been extensively used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. As a major group of bioactive constituents from S. miltiorrhiza, water-soluble phenolic acids such as salvianolic acid B possessed good bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and other health-promoting activities. It is of significance to improve the production of phenolic acids by modern biotechnology approaches to meet the increasing market demand. Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanism of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, which will facilitate the process of targeted metabolic engineering or synthetic biology. Furthermore, multiple biotechnology methods such as in vitro culture, elicitation, hairy roots, endophytic fungi and bioreactors have been also used to obtain pharmaceutically active phenolic acids from S. miltiorrhiza. In this review, recent advances in bioactivities, biosynthetic pathway and biotechnological production of phenolic acid ingredients were summarized and future prospective was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Deng
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China.,b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Kloetzer L, Bompa AS, Blaga AC, Galaction AI, Caşcaval D. Study on rosmarinic acid separation by synergic extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1398760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kloetzer
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Biochemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - A. S. Bompa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Biochemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - A. C. Blaga
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Biochemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - A. I. Galaction
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Science, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - D. Caşcaval
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Biochemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Kantar-Gok D, Hidisoglu E, Er H, Acun AD, Olgar Y, Yargıcoglu P. Changes of auditory event-related potentials in ovariectomized rats injected with d-galactose: Protective role of rosmarinic acid. Neurotoxicology 2017; 62:64-74. [PMID: 28501655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), which has multiple bioactive properties, might be a useful agent for protecting central nervous system against age related alterations. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to investigate possible protective effects of RA on mismatch negativity (MMN) component of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) as an indicator of auditory discrimination and echoic memory in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats injected with d-galactose combined with neurochemical and histological analyses. Ninety female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham control (S); RA-treated (R); OVX (O); OVX+RA-treated (OR); OVX+d-galactose-treated (OD); OVX+d-galactose+RA-treated (ODR). Eight weeks later, MMN responses were recorded using the oddball condition. An amplitude reduction of some components of AERPs was observed due to ovariectomy with or without d-galactose administiration and these reduction patterns were diverse for different electrode locations. MMN amplitudes were significantly lower over temporal and right frontal locations in the O and OD groups versus the S and R groups, which was accompanied by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels. RA treatment significantly increased AERP/MMN amplitudes and lowered the TBARS/4-HNE levels in the OR and ODR groups versus the O and OD groups, respectively. Our findings support the potential benefit of RA in the prevention of auditory distortion related to the estrogen deficiency and d-galactose administration at least partly by antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kantar-Gok
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alev Duygu Acun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargıcoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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Ru M, Wang K, Bai Z, Peng L, He S, Wang Y, Liang Z. A tyrosine aminotransferase involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4892. [PMID: 28687763 PMCID: PMC5501851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) and its derivants are medicinal compounds that comprise the active components of several therapeutics. We isolated and characterised a tyrosine aminotransferase of Prunella vulgaris (PvTAT). Deduced PvTAT was markedly homologous to other known/putative plant TATs. Cytoplasmic localisation of PvTAT was observed in tobacco protoplasts. Recombinantly expressed and purified PvTAT had substrates preference for L-tyrosine and phenylpyruvate, with apparent K m of 0.40 and 0.48 mM, and favoured the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. In vivo activity was confirmed by functional restoration of the Escherichia coli tyrosine auxotrophic mutant DL39. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated antisense/sense expression of PvTAT in hairy roots was used to evaluate the contribution of PvTAT to RA synthesis. PvTAT were reduced by 46-95% and RA were decreased by 36-91% with low catalytic activity in antisense transgenic hairy root lines; furthermore, PvTAT were increased 0.77-2.6-fold with increased 1.3-1.8-fold RA and strong catalytic activity in sense transgenic hairy root lines compared with wild-type counterparts. The comprehensive physiological and catalytic evidence fills in the gap in RA-producing plants which didn't provide evidence for TAT expression and catalytic activities in vitro and in vivo. That also highlights RA biosynthesis pathway in P. vulgaris and provides useful information to engineer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Kunru Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Bai
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxuan He
- Ecological Environmental Monitoring Station, Environmental Protection Agency, Dazu, 402360, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China.
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Singh MK, Gidwani B, Gupta A, Dhongade H, Kaur CD, Kashyap PP, Tripathi D. A Review of the Medicinal Plants of Genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2015.318.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galaction AI, Poştaru M, Kloetzer L, Blaga AC, Caşcaval D. Separation of rosmarinic acid by facilitated pertraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dewanjee S, Gangopadhyay M, Das U, Sahu R, Samanta A, Banerjee P. Signal transducer and oxidative stress mediated modulation of phenylpropanoid pathway to enhance rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in fungi elicited whole plant culture of Solenostemon scutellarioides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 66:1-9. [PMID: 25248692 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve rosmarinic acid (RA) production in the whole plant culture of Solenostemon scutellarioides through elicitation with phytopathogenic fungi. Amongst selected fungi, Aternaria alternata caused significant elevation (p<0.05-0.01) in RA accumulation (∼1.3-1.6-fold) between 25 and 100 μg l(-1). However, elicitation at the dose of 50 μg l(-1) has been found to be most effective and intracellular RA content reached almost ∼1.6-fold (p<0.01) higher in day 7. Therefore, A. alternata (50 μg l(-1)) was selected for mechanism evaluation. A significant elevation of intercellular jasmonic acid was observed up to day 6 after elicitation with A. alternata (50 μg l(-1)). A significant increase in tissue H2O2 and lipid peroxidation coupled with depletion of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase indicated augmented oxidative stress associated with biotic interaction. Preceding the elicitor-induced RA accumulation, a notable alteration in the specific activities of biosynthetic enzymes namely PAL and TAT was recorded, while, no significant change in the activities of RAS was observed. HPPR activity was slightly improved in elicited plant. Therefore, it could be concluded that A. alternata elicited the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid via signal transduction through jasmonic acid coupled with elicitor induced oxidative stress and associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmi Das
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pamela Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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Kloetzer L, Poştaru M, Galaction AI, Blaga AC, Caşcaval D. Comparative Study on Rosmarinic Acid Separation by Reactive Extraction with Amberlite LA-2 and D2EHPA. 1. Interfacial Reaction Mechanism and Influencing Factors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4023513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenuţa Kloetzer
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Poştaru
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Irina Galaction
- Department
of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, M. Kogalniceanu 9-13, 700454 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Caşcaval
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental
Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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10
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Di P, Zhang L, Chen J, Tan H, Xiao Y, Dong X, Zhou X, Chen W. ¹³C tracer reveals phenolic acids biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1537-48. [PMID: 23614461 DOI: 10.1021/cb3006962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) and lithospermic acid B (LAB) are two typical phenolic acids with significant bioactivities that may contribute to the therapeutic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Precise knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway leading to RA and LAB is a necessary prerequisite to optimize the production of important phenolic compounds in S. miltiorrhiza. In vivo isotopic labeling experiments using [ring-(13)C]-phenylalanine, combined with dynamic measurements of metabolite levels by UPLC/Q-TOF, were used to investigate the metabolic origin of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza. These data indicate the in vivo phenolic biosynthetic pathway: two intermediates from the general phenylpropanoid pathway and the tyrosine-derived pathway, 4-coumaroyl-CoA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (DHPL), are coupled by the ester-forming enzyme rosmarinic acid synthase (SmRAS) to form 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (4C-DHPL). The 3-hydroxyl group is introduced late in the pathway by a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (SmCYP98A14) to form RA. Subsequently, RA is transformed to a phenoxyl radical by oxidation, and two phenoxyl radicals unite spontaneously to form LAB. The results indicate aspects of the complexity of phenolic acid biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza and expand an understanding of phenylpropanoid-derived metabolic pathways. The candidate genes for the key enzymes that were revealed provide a substantial foundation for follow-up research on improving the production of important phenolic acids through metabolic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Di
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, ‡Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, §Department of Drug Analysis, School of Pharmacy, and ∥Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200003, China
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Regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1253-62. [PMID: 23673485 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) root, generally called Danshen, is an important herb in Chinese medicine widely used for treatment of various diseases. Phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza, as important effective compounds, have become a new research focus in plant secondary metabolism in recent years. This review summarizes the recent advances in the regulation of water-soluble phenolic acid biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza via regulators at molecular level, such as the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase gene (4CL), tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase gene (HPPR), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvated dioxygenase gene (HPPD), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase-like gene (RAS-like), and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog 4 gene (MYB4), and production of anthocyanin pigmentation 1 gene (AtPAP1), and via regulators at cell level, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, polyamines, metal ions, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ultraviolet-B radiation, and yeast elicitor.
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Cao J, Chen J, Yi L, Li P, Qi LW. Comparison of oil-in-water and water-in-oil microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography as methods for the analysis of eight phenolic acids and five diterpenoids. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2310-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cao J, Wei YJ, Qi LW, Li P, Qian ZM, Luo HW, Chen J, Zhao J. Determination of fifteen bioactive components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:164-72. [PMID: 17853389 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with ultraviolet (UV) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) was established for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of nine phenolic acids and six diterpenoids in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RRSM). The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a Zorbax C(18) column by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength at 281 nm was chosen to determine the 15 bioactive components, namely danshensu (1), protocatechuic acid (2), protocatechuic aldehyde (3), caffeic acid (4), rosmarinic acid (5), lithospermic acid (6), salvianolic acid B (7), salvianolic acid A (8), salvianolic acid C (9); dihydrotanshinone I (10), cryptotanshinone (11), tanshinone I (12), methylene tanshiqunone (13), tanshinone IIA (14) and miltirone (15). Additionally, LC-ESI-TOF/MS was used to make definite identification of the constituents in samples in comparison with those reference compounds. The validation of the method included tests of linearity, sensitivity, repeatability, stability and recovery. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the 15 components in 21 samples; significant variations were demonstrated in the contents of the samples from diverse species and origins. The developed method could be used to effectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality of RRSM for its clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education; Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Yesil-Celiktas O, Nartop P, Gurel A, Bedir E, Vardar-Sukan F. Determination of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis' calli. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:1536-42. [PMID: 17913287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis is widely found in the lands of Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Stem explants of very young shoots were cultured in both woody plant medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 7g/L agar, 30g/L sucrose, and 1 and 3mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation. Induced calli were subcultured 4 times with intervals of 7-10 days. MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L NAA proved to be the best medium for the production of callus (65.0%) among the samples tested. The lyophilized calli were subjected to solvent extraction. Active constituents of 8 calli extracts were analyzed by HPLC, and rosmarinic acid (RA) was determined to be the primary compound. Calli cultivated in WPM supplemented with 1mg/L NAA and extracted at 50 degrees C, yielded the highest amount of RA (34.4mg/g dry weight). Moreover, antioxidant activity of calli extracts was determined using a number of in vitro assays, including total phenol assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). On the basis of the current findings, we conclude that WPM supplemented with 1mg/L NAA yields higher phenolic content as well as higher antioxidant activity.
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Kan Y, Gökbulut A, Kartal M, Konuklugil B, Yılmaz G. Development and Validation of a LC Method for the Analysis of Phenolic Acids in Turkish Salvia Species. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Xiaohui Z, Xinfeng Z, Xin Z, Shixiang W, Yinmao W, Jianbin Z. Determination of the main bioactive metabolites ofRadix Salvia miltiorrhizaein Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and the tissue distribution of Danshensu in rabbit by SPE-HPLC-MSn. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:851-7. [PMID: 17536730 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A fast solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MSn) method is presented for quantitative determination of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxylpropionic acid (Danshensu, DSS) from Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) in rabbits' heart, liver, kidney, and lung and for qualitative analysis of the bioactive metabolites of Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae (DS) from CDDP in these tissues. The proposed method was validated with a detection limit of 0.06 ng/mL and a linear range of 5.0-200 ng/mL for DSS. The main metabolites of DS were pyrocatechol, vanillic acid, isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate, and 2-hydroxyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propinonic sulfuric anhydride. In vitro pharmacological experiments demonstrated that isopropyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate had a distinct vasodilatating action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiaohui
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Zhou LG, Wu JY. Development and application of medicinal plant tissue cultures for production of drugs and herbal medicinals in China. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:789-810. [PMID: 17003910 DOI: 10.1039/b610767b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new drugs and natural remedies, medicinal plants or herbs used in folk and traditional medicines are promising candidates. For the naturally rare and slowly growing plant species, plant tissue culture in bioreactors provides a cost-effective, sustainable and well-controlled means for mass production of the active principles of medicinal plants, and enables fuller utilization of their biosynthetic capacity. Recognizing that natural resources and agricultural land in China are limited,many Chinese research groups have engaged in the development of plant tissue culture techniques and processes for the cultivation and rapid propagation of medicinal plants, and for the biosynthesis and biotransformation of phytomedicines. This review primarily aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the major achievements in this and related research areas in China over the last three decades, but also to identify the difficulties and predict future trends in developing plant tissue culture biotechnology for the manufacture of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gang Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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Yamamoto H, Zhao P, Yazaki K, Inoue K. Regulation of lithospermic acid B and shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1086-90. [PMID: 12192141 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell suspension cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon produced a large amount of lithospermic acid B, a caffeic acid tetramer, as well as shikonin derivatives (each ca. 10% of dry wt.) when cultured in shikonin production medium M-9. Various culture factors for increasing the production of lithospermic acid B were investigated. Lithospermic acid B production was inhibited by 2, 4-D or NH4+, whereas it was stimulated by Cu2+. These regulatory patterns were similar to those for the production of shikonin derivatives in these cell cultures, suggestive of close relations and similar metabolic regulation between the production of these compounds. Cultivation under light illumination, however, showed that these metabolisms were independently regulated. In particular, blue light showed a stimulatory effect on lithospermic acid B production, while shikonin production was strongly inhibited, indicative of an effective condition for lithospermic acid B production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirobumi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Garden, Nagasaki University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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The effect of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001; 28:100-105. [PMID: 11118603 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hairy root cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 produced a tiny amount of tanshinones and a constituent level of phenolic acids under normal growth conditions. Upon elicitation with yeast elicitor, the production of both phenolic acids and tanshinones was enhanced. For example, the contents of two phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid B were elevated from 1.24% and 2.59% to 2.89% and 2.98% of dry wt, respectively while the intracellular content of cryptotanshinone increased from 0.001% to as much as 0.096% of dry wt. Yeast elicitor also improved the growth of hairy roots (from 3.9 g/l to 7.3 g/l on a dry wt basis). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of phenolic acids and tanshinones in the extracts of S. miltiorrhiza. Rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid B, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone IIB were identified by comparison with standards available. Dihydrotanshinone I and methylenetanshiquinone were tentatively identified by the molecular weights and the elution comparable with the literature. An unknown compound with a molecular weight of 280 was found in yeast-elicitor treated hairy root cultures, which was one of the major tanshinones induced.
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Chen H, Chen F. Effects of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of a high-tanshinone-producing line of the Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cells in suspension culture. Process Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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