1
|
Blackburn C, Sullivan MV, Wild MI, O' Connor AJ, Turner NW. Utilisation of molecularly imprinting technology for the detection of glucocorticoids for a point of care surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342004. [PMID: 38057055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterisation of four synthetic recognition materials (nanoMIPs) selective for the glucocorticoid steroids - prednisolone, prednisone, dexamethasone, and cortisone. Using a solid-phase synthesis approach, these materials were then applied in the development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for the detection of these four targets in doped urine, to mimic the routine testing of agricultural waste for possible environmental exposure. The synthesised particles displayed a range of sizes between 104 and 160 nm. Affinity studies were performed, and these synthetic materials were shown to display nanomolar affinities (15.9-62.8 nM) towards their desired targets. Furthermore, we conducted cross-reactivity studies to assess the materials selectivity towards their desired target and the materials showed excellent selectivity when compared to the non-desired target, with selectivity factors calculated. Furthermore, through the use of 3D visualisation it can be seen that small changes between structures (such as a hydroxyl to ketone transformation) there is excellent selectivity between the compounds in the ranges of 100 fold plus. Using Surine™ doped samples the materials offered comparable nanomolar affinities (10.7-75.7 nM) towards their targets when compared to the standardised buffer preparation. Detection levels in urine for all compounds was in the nanomolar range. The developed sensor offers potential for these devices to be used in the prevention of these pharmaceutical compounds to enter the surrounding environment through agricultural waste through monitoring at source. Likewise, they can be used to monitor use in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chester Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, 13 Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Mark V Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, 13 Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Molly I Wild
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, 13 Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Abbie J O' Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, 13 Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Nicholas W Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, 13 Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan CY, Ng SW, Ching CK, Mak TWL. Detection of 28 Corticosteroids in Pharmaceutical and Proprietary Chinese Medicinal Products Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:548-554. [PMID: 33479748 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With their potent anti-inflammatory effects, corticosteroids are popular adulterants in illicit health products for allergies, dermatitis and pain control. Their illegal supply over the counter is also a common practice for similar conditions. Prolonged, unsupervised usage of corticosteroids often leads to severe adverse effects including Cushing syndrome, adrenal insufficiency and immunosuppression. Confirming clinical suspicion of unsupervised corticosteroid usage is challenging. Apart from evaluating the adrenal function, identifying the concerned drug is the most direct proof of its consumption. While detecting corticosteroids or their metabolites in biological specimens is convincing evidence of their usage, such approach is analytically difficult. More importantly, this approach would not be useful if the patient has stopped taking the drug for some time-a situation that is often encountered clinically. We advocate a more direct approach by measuring corticosteroids in suspicious medicinal products. In the current study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of 28 corticosteroids in pharmaceutical and proprietary Chinese medicine products was developed and validated for the purpose. The method was applied to 388 cases of suspected unsupervised corticosteroids usage. Among 1,000 products tested, corticosteroids were found in 276 of them and confirmed the clinical suspicion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace Yim Chan
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sau Wah Ng
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Kwan Ching
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tony Wing Lai Mak
- Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory, Room 1414, Block G, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waraksa E, Woźniak MK, Banaszkiewicz L, Kłodzińska E, Ozimek M, Wrzesień R, Bobrowska-Korczak B, Namieśnik J. Quantification of unconjugated and total ibuprofen and its metabolites in equine urine samples by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to the excretion study. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
4
|
Pitardi D, Meloni D, Olivo F, Loprevite D, Cavarretta MC, Behnisch P, Brouwer A, Felzel E, Ingravalle F, Capra P, Gili M, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E. GR CALUX assay detects synthetic glucocorticoids in calf urine: a validation study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:413-423. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1568584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Pitardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Olivo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Loprevite
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria C. Cavarretta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emiel Felzel
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Capra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Gili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLVA), Istopatologia e Test Rapidi Department, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreira FX, Silva R, André MB, de Pinho PG, Bastos ML, Ruivo J, Ruivo P, Carmo H. Quantification of doping compounds in faecal samples from racing pigeons, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1089:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Chiesa L, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Divari S, Villa R, Arioli F. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS assessment of the tetrahydro-metabolites of cortisol and cortisone in bovine urine: promising markers of dexamethasone and prednisolone treatment. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1175-89. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1202453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | | | - Sara Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Roberto Villa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiesa L, Pavone S, Pasquale E, Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Valiani A, Arioli F, Manuali E. Study on cortisol, cortisone and prednisolone presence in urine of Chianina cattle breed. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:893-903. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health; Laboratory of Animal Food Inspection; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - S. Pavone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - E. Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health; Laboratory of Animal Food Inspection; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - R. Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health; Laboratory of Animal Food Inspection; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - S. Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health; Laboratory of Animal Food Inspection; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A. Valiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche; Perugia Italy
| | - F. Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - E. Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche; Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nebbia C, Capra P, Leporati M, Girolami F, Barbarino G, Gatto S, Vincenti M. Profile of the urinary excretion of prednisolone and its metabolites in finishing bulls and cows treated with a therapeutic schedule. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:237. [PMID: 25267433 PMCID: PMC4189600 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prednisolone was one of the first glucocorticoids to be synthesised, but it is still widely applied to cattle. Illegal uses of prednisolone include its uses for masking a number of diseases before animal sale and, at lower dosages for extended periods of time, for the improvement of feed efficiency and carcass characteristics. Since occasional presence of prednisolone has been detected at trace level in urine samples from untreated cattle, the Italian Ministry of Health introduced a provisional limit of 5 ng/mL to avoid false non-compliances. However, this limit proved ineffective in disclosing prednisolone misuse as a growth-promoter. In the present study, prednisolone acetate was administered to finishing bulls and cows according to a therapeutic protocol (2 × 0.4-0.5 mg/kg bw i.m. at 48 h interval) to further verify the practical impact of this cut-off limit and develop sound strategies to distinguish between exogenous administration and endogenous production. Urinary prednisolone, prednisone, 20β-dihydroprednisolone, 20α-dihydroprednisolone, 20β-dihydroprednisone, 6β-hydroxyprednisolone, cortisol, and cortisone were determined using a validated LC/MS-MS method. RESULTS The urinary excretion profile showed the simultaneous presence of prednisolone, 20β-dihydroprednisolone, and prednisone, the latter at lower concentrations, up to 33 days after the first dosing. Higher analyte levels were detected in bulls even after correction for dilution in the urine. Prednisolone concentrations below 5 ng/ml were determined in half of the samples collected at 19 days, and in all the samples obtained 26 and 33 days after the first administration. No measurable concentrations of prednisolone or its metabolites were found in the samples collected before the treatment, while cortisol and cortisone levels lower than the respective LOQs were observed upon treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the criticism of the coarse quantitative approach currently adopted to ascertain illegal prednisolone administration in cattle. As previously shown for growth-promoting treatments of meat cattle, the simultaneous determination of urinary prednisolone, prednisone, 20β-dihydroprednisolone, along with cortisol and cortisone, may represent a more reliable approach to confirm the exogenous origin of prednisolone. Such a strategy would facilitate unequivocal detection of animals treated with prednisolone acetate using a therapeutical protocol, even 3 to 4 weeks after the treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitamura K, Satoh née Okihara R, Kamibayashi M, Sato K, Iida T, Ikegawa S. Simultaneous determination of 18 tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in human urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2014; 85:18-29. [PMID: 24721697 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography (LC)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) method for the direct determination of eighteen tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in human urine has been developed. The analytes were 3- and 21-monosulfates and 3,21-disulfates of tetrahydrocortisol (THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (THS), and their corresponding 5α-H stereoisomers. The mass spectrometric behavior of these sulfates in negative-ion ESI-MS/MS revealed the production of intense structure specific product ions within the same group of sulfates and permitted distinction between regioisomeric sulfates by collision-induced fragmentation with the MS/MS technique using a linear ion-trap instrument. For the quantitative analysis, selected reaction monitoring analysis in the negative-ion detection mode using triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer was performed by monitoring transitions from [M-H](-) to the most abundant product ion of each tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfate. After addition of 3- and 21-monosulfates of [2,2,3β,4,4-d5]-THF, -THE, and -THS as internal standards, urine sample was applied to a solid phase extraction using a lipophilic-weak anion exchange cartridge column, and then analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. The method had satisfactory performance in terms of intra- and inter-assay precision (less than 9.7% and 9.6%, respectively), and accuracy (91.2-108.2%). The limit of quantification was lower than 2.5 ng/mL for all sulfates examined. We applied this method to determine the concentration of eighteen tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates in the urine of healthy subjects. Thus, we have developed a sensitive, precise and accurate assay for urinary tetrahydrocorticosteroid sulfates that should be useful for clinical and biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Mitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Rika Satoh née Okihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Mami Kamibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kanta Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Rijke E, Zoontjes PW, Samson D, Oostra S, Sterk SS, van Ginkel LA. Investigation of the presence of prednisolone in bovine urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:605-13. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.878479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Tang C, Tang C, Zhan W, Du J, Wang Z, Peng X. Strategies for ascertaining the interference of phase II metabolites co-eluting with parent compounds using LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2584-92. [PMID: 23868670 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS is currently the most selective and efficient tool for the quantitative analysis of drugs and metabolites in the pharmaceutical industry and in clinical assays. However, phase II metabolites sometimes negatively affect the selectivity and efficiency of the LC-MS/MS method, especially for the metabolites that possess similar physicochemical characteristics and generate the same precursor ions as their parent compounds due to the in-source collision-induced dissociation during the ionization process. This paper proposes some strategies for examining co-eluting metabolites existing in real samples, and further assuring whether these metabolites could affect the selectivity and accuracy of the analytical methods. Strategies using precursor-ion scans and product-ion scans were applied in this study. An example drug, namely, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, which can generate many endogenous phase II metabolites, was selected to conduct this work. These metabolites, generated during the in vivo metabolic processes, can be in-source-dissociated to the precursor ions of their parent compounds. If these metabolites are not separated from their parent compounds, the quantification of the target analytes (parent compounds) would be influenced. Some metabolites were eluted closely to caffeic acid phenethyl ester on LC columns, although long columns and relatively long elution programs were used. The strategies can be utilized in quantitative methodologies that apply LC-MS/MS to assure the performance of selectivity, thus enhancing the reliability of the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Tang
- State key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Clercq N, Julie VB, Croubels S, Delahaut P, Vanhaecke L. A validated analytical method to study the long-term stability of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in livestock urine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1301:111-21. [PMID: 23791145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to their growth-promoting effects, the use of synthetic glucocorticoids is strictly regulated in the European Union (Council Directive 2003/74/EC). In the frame of the national control plans, which should ensure the absence of residues in food products of animal origin, in recent years, a higher frequency of prednisolone positive bovine urines has been observed. This has raised questions with respect to the stability of natural corticoids in the respective urine samples and their potential to be transformed into synthetic analogs. In this study, a ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) methodology was developed to examine the stability of glucocorticoids in bovine urine under various storage conditions (up to 20 weeks) and to define suitable conditions for sample handling and storage, using an Orbitrap Exactive™. To this end, an extraction procedure was optimized using a Plackett-Burman experimental design to determine the key conditions for optimal extraction of glucocorticoids from urine. Next, the analytical method was successfully validated according to the guidelines of CD 2002/657/EC. Decision limits and detection capabilities for prednisolone, prednisone and methylprednisolone ranged, respectively, from 0.1 to 0.5μgL(-1) and from 0.3 to 0.8μgL(-1). For the natural glucocorticoids limits of detection and limits of quantification for dihydrocortisone, cortisol and cortisone ranged, respectively, from 0.1 to 0.2μgL(-1) and from 0.3 to 0.8μgL(-1). The stability study demonstrated that filter-sterilization of urine, storage at -80°C, and acidic conditions (pH 3) were optimal for preservation of glucocorticoids in urine and able to significantly limit degradation up to 20 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie De Clercq
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pavlovic R, Cannizzo FT, Panseri S, Biolatti B, Trutic N, Biondi PA, Chiesa L. Tetrahydro-metabolites of cortisol and cortisone in bovine urine evaluated by HPLC-ESI-mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 135:30-5. [PMID: 23291109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Interconversion of hormonally active cortisol (F) into the corresponding inactive 11-keto form, cortisone (E), is catalyzed by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs). With a view to estimating in vivo activities of some 11β-HSD isoforms, the measurement of urinary F and E and their tetrahydro metabolites (tetrahydrocortisol, THF, allotetrahydrocortisol, ATHF, tetrahydrocortisone, THE) has been suggested. The basic knowledge of THF, ATHF and THE levels in farm cattle is limited. Therefore the aim of this study was first to optimize a simple and quick method to determine F and E tetrahydro-metabolites in bovine urine by HPLC-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-MS) and then to apply the method to real urine of bovines treated with prednisolone. The samples underwent filtration, deconjugation, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the relevant analytes were measured by HPLC-ESI-MS. The method described in this paper is simple and efficient, featuring good linearity (up to 0.996) and reproducibility (6.8-12.5%, CV). Especially, good LODs were obtained, from 1.63 to 2.67 ppb, depending on the analyte. The chromatographic conditions were optimized in order to obtain a resolution which would allow to simultaneously measure two diastereoisomers, i.e. THF and ATHF. In our study, ATHF turns out to be below the detection limit, while for 18 samples tested the contents of examinated metabolites were as followed: THF (12.5±4.8 ppb), THE (10.9±5.5 ppb), F (11.6±3.3 ppb) and E (5.0±2.2 ppb). When the method was applied to the subject treated with prednisolone a major increase in the concentration of tetrahydro metabolites was observed before the slaughter, mainly due to stress conditions; prednisolone treatment, most presumably, influenced the 11β-HSD activity, as indicated by the decrease in the F/E ratio. This work may provide a useful methodological contribution to the future definition of F, E, THF, ATHF and THE urinary baseline values in order to obtain indirect evaluations of HSDs activity in farm cattle and possible applications in screenings for suspected abuse of synthetic corticosteroids in bovines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park KH, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty A, Cho SK, Park JH, Kwon KS, Park HR, Kim HS, Shin HC, Kim MR, Shim JH. Development of QuEChERS-based extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying flumethasone residues in beef muscle. Meat Sci 2012; 92:749-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Pegolo S, Gallina G, Montesissa C, Capolongo F, Ferraresso S, Pellizzari C, Poppi L, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. Transcriptomic markers meet the real world: finding diagnostic signatures of corticosteroid treatment in commercial beef samples. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:205. [PMID: 23110699 PMCID: PMC3541986 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of growth-promoters in beef cattle, despite the EU ban, remains a frequent practice. The use of transcriptomic markers has already proposed to identify indirect evidence of anabolic hormone treatment. So far, such approach has been tested in experimentally treated animals. Here, for the first time commercial samples were analyzed. Results Quantitative determination of Dexamethasone (DEX) residues in the urine collected at the slaughterhouse was performed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). DNA-microarray technology was used to obtain transcriptomic profiles of skeletal muscle in commercial samples and negative controls. LC-MS confirmed the presence of low level of DEX residues in the urine of the commercial samples suspect for histological classification. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on microarray data identified two clusters of samples. One cluster included negative controls and a subset of commercial samples, while a second cluster included part of the specimens collected at the slaughterhouse together with positives for corticosteroid treatment based on thymus histology and LC-MS. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (3961) between the two groups provided further evidence that animals clustering with positive samples might have been treated with corticosteroids. These suspect samples could be reliably classified with a specific classification tool (Prediction Analysis of Microarray) using just two genes. Conclusions Despite broad variation observed in gene expression profiles, the present study showed that DNA-microarrays can be used to find transcriptomic signatures of putative anabolic treatments and that gene expression markers could represent a useful screening tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pegolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pavlovic R, Chiesa L, Soncin S, Panseri S, Cannizzo FT, Biolatti B, Biondi PA. DETERMINATION OF CORTISOL, CORTISONE, PREDNISOLONE AND PREDNISONE IN BOVINE URINE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–ELECTROSPRAY IONISATION SINGLE QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Pavlovic
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
- c Department of Chemistry , Medical Faculty, University of Niš , Serbia
| | - Luca Chiesa
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Silvia Soncin
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Tiziana Cannizzo
- b Department of Animal Patology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino , Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Biolatti
- b Department of Animal Patology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Torino , Italy
| | - Pier Antonio Biondi
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Galesio M, Lourenço J, Madeira D, Diniz M, Capelo J. Unravelling the role of ultrasonic energy in the enhancement of enzymatic kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Maté ML, Lifschitz A, Sallovitz J, Ballent M, Muscher AS, Wilkens MR, Schröder B, Lanusse C, Virkel G. Cytochrome P450 3A expression and function in liver and intestinal mucosa from dexamethasone-treated sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:319-28. [PMID: 21906085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of repeated administrations of dexamethasone (DEX) (3 mg/kg/day by i.m. route for 7 days) on the gene expression profile of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A28-like isoenzyme, on the expression of a CYP3A-immunoreactive protein and on CYP3A-dependent metabolic activities in sheep liver and small intestinal mucosa were evaluated in the current work. CYP 3A-dependent metabolic activities (erythromycin and triacetyl-oleandomycin N-demethylations) were assessed in microsomal fractions. The mRNA expression of CYP3A28-like, glucocorticoid receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor and retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of a CYP3A-immunoreactive protein was measured by Western blot analyses. In the liver, DEX treatment increased CYP3A28-like mRNA levels (2.67-fold, P<0.01) and CYP3A apoprotein expression (1.34-fold, P<0.05) and stimulated CYP3A-dependent metabolism. High and significant correlation coefficients between CYP3A-dependent activities and CYP3A28-like gene (r=0.835-0.856, P<0.01) or protein (r=0.728-0.855, P<0.05) expression profiles were observed. Among the transcriptional factors, DEX only stimulated (2.1-fold, P<0.01) the mRNA expression of RXRα. In sheep small intestine, DEX caused a slight increment (34.6%, P<0.05) in erythromycin N-demethylase activity in the jejunal mucosa and a significant enhancement (P<0.05) of CYP3A apoprotein level in the duodenal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Maté
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dusi G, Gasparini M, Curatolo M, Assini W, Bozzoni E, Tognoli N, Ferretti E. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of nine corticosteroid residues in bovine liver samples. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 700:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Cannizzo FT, Capra P, Divari S, Ciccotelli V, Biolatti B, Vincenti M. Effects of low-dose dexamethasone and prednisolone long term administration in beef calf: Chemical and morphological investigation. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 700:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Ferranti C, Quadri FD, Palleschi L, Marchiafava C, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Caramelli M, Draisci R. Studies on the presence of natural and synthetic corticosteroids in bovine urine. Steroids 2011; 76:616-25. [PMID: 21382393 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic corticosteroids are widely used in veterinary medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties, but are also illegally used in animal breeding as growth-promoting agents: this latter application in livestock production has been banned within the European Union due to health concerns for the consumer. In this work urine samples collected from bovines experimentally treated with dexamethasone (0.4 mg of dexamethasone 21-disodium phosphate per capita/day for 20 consecutive days) and bovines bred under strictly controlled conditions were investigated for the presence of natural and synthetic corticosteroids, using a simple multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, developed and validated in accordance with the criteria of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of a low dosage and long term dexamethasone treatment on the levels of endogenous corticosteroids in cattle and to evaluate the possible presence of prednisolone residues in bovines bred under strictly controlled conditions. Our findings confirm the high and rapid rate of dexamethasone urinary excretion. Dexamethasone treatment elicited an early reduction of hydrocortisone and cortisone, suggesting the disappearance of these two hormones as an indirect indicator of corticosteroid treatment in cattle. Prednisolone residues were found (concentration interval 0.4-1.4 ngmL(-1)) in urine samples collected from control bovines especially at the slaughterhouse, together with high levels of hydrocortisone and cortisone. Further studies are necessary to find out the reason of unexplained excretion of this hormone in urine samples of untreated bovines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferranti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tölgyesi Á, Sharma VK, Kovacsics L, Fekete J. Quantification of corticosteroids in bovine urine using selective solid phase extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Okihara R, Mitamura K, Hasegawa M, Mori M, Muto A, Kakiyama G, Ogawa S, Iida T, Shimada M, Mano N, Ikegawa S. Potential Corticoid Metabolites: Chemical Synthesis of 3- and 21-Monosulfates and Their Double-Conjugates of Tetrahydrocorticosteroids in the 5.ALPHA.- and 5.BETA.-Series. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:344-53. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Okihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University
| | | | - Maki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Megumi Mori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University
| | - Akina Muto
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Shoujiro Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Miki Shimada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ikegawa S, Hasegawa M, Okihara R, Shimidzu C, Chiba H, Iida T, Mitamura K. Simultaneous Determination of Twelve Tetrahydrocorticosteroid Glucuronides in Human Urine by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10124-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9018632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ikegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Maki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Rika Okihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Chikara Shimidzu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Iida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Kuniko Mitamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Destrez B, Bichon E, Rambaud L, Courant F, Monteau F, Pinel G, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B. Criteria to distinguish between natural situations and illegal use of boldenone, boldenone esters and boldione in cattle 2. Direct measurement of 17beta-boldenone sulpho-conjugate in calf urine by liquid chromatography--high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry. Steroids 2009; 74:803-8. [PMID: 19409402 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Boldenone is banned in the European Union (Directive 96/22/EC) as growth promoter for meat producing animals. Boldione (ADD), boldenone and boldenone esters (mainly the undecylenate form) are commercially available as anabolic preparations, either to the destination of human, horse or cattle. Since the late 90s, the natural occurrence of boldenone metabolites has been reported in cattle. According to EU regulation, the unambiguous demonstration of boldenone administration in bovine urine should be provided on the basis of boldenone identification in the corresponding conjugate fraction. An analytical method has been developed and validated according to current standards with main concern to the measurement of intact 17beta-boldenone-sulphate. The analytical procedure included direct extraction-purification of target analyte on octadecylsilyl cartridges and direct detection of phase II metabolite by liquid chromatography (negative electrospray), tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ) or high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap). Decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) were respectively 0.2 microg L(-1) and 0.4 microg L(-1) on triple quadrupole and 0.1 microg L(-1) and 0.2 microg L(-1) on hybrid system. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of incurred samples collected in different experiments. 17beta-Boldenone-sulphate was measurable up to 36h after oral administration of boldione, and 30 days after 17beta-boldenone undecylenate intra-muscular injection. This conjugate form was never detected in non-treated animals, confirming its status of definitive candidate marker for boldenone administration in calf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Destrez
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes (ENVN), BP 50707, Route de Gachet, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) method for analysis of corticosteroids in bovine liver: Evaluation of Keyhole Limpet β-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzyme extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:635-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
28
|
Heinig K, Wirz T, Bucheli F. Determination of Glucocorticoids in Animal Plasma, Urine and Tissues by Column-Switching LC–Tandem-MS. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
29
|
Sirén H, Seppänen-Laakso T, Orešič M. Capillary electrophoresis with UV detection and mass spectrometry in method development for profiling metabolites of steroid hormone metabolism. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:375-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Van Poucke C, Van Vossel E, Van Peteghem C. Fractionation of free and conjugated steroids for the detection of boldenone metabolites in calf urine with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2324-2332. [PMID: 18615838 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For over a decade there has been an intensive debate on the possible natural origin of boldenone (androst-1,4-diene-17beta-ol-3-one, 17beta-boldenone) in calf urine and several alternative markers to discriminate between endogenously formed boldenone and exogenously administered boldenone have been suggested. The currently approved method for proving illegal administration of beta-boldenone(ester) is the detection of beta-boldenone conjugates. In the presented method the sulphate, glucuronide and free fractions are separated from each other during cleanup on a SAX column to be able to determine the conjugated status of the boldenone metabolites. The sulphate and glucuronide fractions are submitted to hydrolysis and all three fractions are further cleaned up on a combination of C18/NH2 solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns. Chromatographic separation of the boldenone metabolites was achieved with a Waters Acquity UPLC instrument using a Sapphire C18 (1.7 microm; 2x50 mm) column within 5 min. Detection of the analytes was achieved by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. The decision limits of this method, validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, were 0.08 ng mL(-1) for androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, 0.13 ng mL(-1) for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, 0.11 ng mL(-1) for 17alpha-boldenone, 0.07 ng mL(-1) for 17beta-boldenone, 0.24 ng mL(-1) for 5beta-androst-1-en-17beta-ol-3-one and 0.58 ng mL(-1) for 6beta-hydroxy-17beta-boldenone. Because of the fractionation approach used in this method there is no need for conjugated reference standards which often are not available. The disadvantage of needing three analytical runs to determine the conjugated status of each of the metabolites was overcome by using fast chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Van Poucke
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Strahm E, Kohler I, Rudaz S, Martel S, Carrupt PA, Veuthey JL, Saugy M, Saudan C. Isolation and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography–ion-trap mass spectrometry of androgen sulfoconjugates in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1196-1197:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
32
|
Muñiz‐Valencia R, Ceballos‐Magaña SG, Gonzalo‐Lumbreras R, Santos‐Montes A, Izquierdo‐Hornillos RC. Sample preparation for the determination of steroids (corticoids and anabolics) in feed using LC. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2303-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Muñiz-Valencia R, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Santos-Montes A, Izquierdo-Hornillos R. A liquid chromatography method using a monolithic column for the determination of corticoids in animal feed and animal feeding water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2683-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Muñiz-Valencia R, Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Santos-Montes A, Izquierdo-Hornillos R. Method development validation for corticoids in animal feed samples by liquid chromatography using a monolithic column. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2950-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Hong X, Long G, Jia H, Anqing L, Danzhou T. Simultaneous determination of residual stilbenes and stilbene metabolites in animal tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:529-33. [PMID: 17452030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of stilbenes, diethylstilbestrol (DES), hexestrol (HEX), and dienoestrol (DEN) in animal tissue. Sample clean-up and analyte enrichment was performed by automated solid-phase extraction (ASPE) with a silica gel cartridge. Detection capabilities (CCbeta) related to the transition products of lowest abundance for the method were 0.04-0.45 ng g(-1) in tissue and were achieved using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in negative mode. The use of an internal standard in combination with the simplified sample preparation led to a sensitive and reliable analytical method. The recovery level of the method was 84-108% for DES and DEN between 0.5 and 5 ng g(-1), and 59-87% for HEX between 0.25 and 2.5 ng g(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hong
- Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China, 300201 Tianjin, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Blasco C, Van Poucke C, Van Peteghem C. Analysis of meat samples for anabolic steroids residues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:230-9. [PMID: 17459396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, specific and highly sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of anabolic steroid residues in bovine, pork and poultry muscle tissues was developed. The sample preparation involves enzymatic digestion followed by extraction with methanol. The crude extract was cleaned up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) combining C18 and NH2 columns. The detection was carried out by a highly sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method using both positive and negative ionization modes. Natural and synthetic steroids covering different polarities could be extracted, concentrated and purified using one single method. Mobile phase composition and additives were optimized to achieve the highest sensitivity. The linearity was not good enough for quantitative analysis but the method was well-suited for qualitative confirmation. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits (CCalpha) and detection capabilities (CCbeta) were below 0.5 ng g(-1) for all the compounds in the three types of meat studied. The developed method is suitable for routine analysis in our laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blasco
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Al Katheeri NA, Wasfi IA, Lambert M, Giuliano Albo A, Nebbia C. In vivo and in vitro metabolism of dexamethasone in the camel. Vet J 2006; 172:532-43. [PMID: 16061409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of dexamethasone (DXM) in the camel was assessed by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Liver samples were collected at the abattoir from camels of either sex, and microsomes were isolated and characterized as to their protein and haemoprotein content as well as for their ability to metabolise several cytochrome P450 model substrates. The expression of different P450 enzymes was evaluated by means of immunoblotting, and the glucuronidating capacity was assessed with 1-naphthol as the substrate. The activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 was assayed using metyrapone as a model substrate. To examine the in vitro metabolism of DXM, microsomes were incubated with the corticoid in the presence of either a NADPH-generating system or of uridindiphosphoglucuronic acid. In vivo metabolism of DXM was studied in two male camels, injected with a bolus intravenous dose of DXM (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and DXM metabolites were evaluated in urine samples collected at different times after the administration. DXM and metabolites were extracted using solid phase and liquid-liquid extraction, and analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and by LC/MS/MS. Comparative results were obtained by in vitro and in vivo studies. Two phase I metabolites were detected: the major one resulted from reduction of the 3-carbonyl group in ring A and the minor metabolite from ring hydroxylation of ring A. Glucuronidation involved both phase I metabolites as well as the parent compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Al Katheeri
- Camel Racing Laboratory, Forensic Science Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Peña-García-Brioles D, Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Izquierdo-Hornillos R, Santos-Montes A. Method development for betamethasone and dexamethasone by micellar liquid chromatography using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and validation in tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:65-71. [PMID: 15351049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic liquid chromatographic method for the determination of betamethasone (BM) and dexamethasone (DM) using methylprednisolone (MPL) as internal standard and micellar mobile phases consisting of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and organic modifiers such as propanol, butanol and pentanol has been developed. The effect of organic modifiers, surfactant concentration, temperature and flow-rate on the separation has been studied. Method validation for dexametasone or bethametasone in tablets was carried out using a mobile phase 0.24% pentanol and 32.5 mM CTAB, a flow-rate of 0.5 ml min(-1), an Hypersil C18 column (60 degrees C), and UV detection at 243 nm. The recoveries for BM and DM found in the accuracy test were 99 +/- 3 and 101 +/- 2, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision expressed as R.S.D. were lower than 5% for both compounds. The proposed method was applied to cocktails containing both compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Peña-García-Brioles
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Antignac JP, Monteau F, N�griolli J, Andr� F, Le Bizec B. Application of Hyphenated Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Determination of Corticosteroid Residues in Biological Matrices. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-003-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
40
|
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–electrosprayionization mass spectrometric method for the determination of dexamethasone in sheep plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Current literature in journal of mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:347-356. [PMID: 12644999 DOI: 10.1002/jms.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
|