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de Bloeme CM, Jansen RW, Göricke S, Grauwels STL, van Elst S, Ketteler P, Brisse HJ, Galluzzi P, Cardoen L, Sirin S, Koob M, Maeder P, van der Valk P, Moll AC, de Graaf P, de Jong MC. Optic nerve thickening on high-spatial-resolution MRI predicts early-stage postlaminar optic nerve invasion in retinoblastoma. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:4638-4648. [PMID: 38087063 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic accuracy of nerve thickening on MRI to predict early-stage postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in retinoblastoma. Furthermore, this study aimed to incorporate measurements into a multiparametric model for radiological determination of PLONI. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter case-control study, high-spatial-resolution 3D T2-weighted MR images were used to measure the distal optic nerve. Histopathology was the reference standard for PLONI. Two neuroradiologists independently measured the optic nerve width, height, and surface at 0, 3, and 5 mm from the most distal part of the optic nerve. Subsequently, PLONI was scored on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and 3D T2-weighted images, blinded for clinical data. Optic nerve measurements with the highest diagnostic accuracy for PLONI were incorporated into a prediction model for radiological determination of PLONI. RESULTS One hundred twenty-four retinoblastoma patients (median age, 22 months [range, 0-113], 58 female) were included, resulting in 25 retinoblastoma eyes with histopathologically proven PLONI and 206 without PLONI. ROC analysis of axial optic nerve width measured at 0 mm yielded the best area under the curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.96; p < 0.001). The optimal width cutoff was ≥ 2.215 mm, with a sensitivity of 84% (95% CI: 64, 95%) and specificity of 83% (95% CI: 75, 89%) for detecting PLONI. Combining width measurements with the suspicion of PLONI on MRI sequences resulted in a prediction model with an improved sensitivity and specificity of respectively up to 88% and 92%. CONCLUSION Postlaminar optic nerve thickening can predict early-stage postlaminar optic nerve invasion in retinoblastoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study provides an additional tool for clinicians to help determine postlaminar optic nerve invasion, which is a risk factor for developing metastatic disease in retinoblastoma patients. KEY POINTS • The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI for detecting postlaminar optic nerve invasion is limited in retinoblastoma patients. • Optic nerve thickening can predict postlaminar optic nerve invasion. • A prediction model combining MRI features has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting postlaminar optic nerve invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan M de Bloeme
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin W Jansen
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Göricke
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steven T L Grauwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabien van Elst
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hervé J Brisse
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris, France and Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Galluzzi
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging Unit, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Liesbeth Cardoen
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris, France and Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Selma Sirin
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mériam Koob
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Maeder
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus C de Jong
- European Retinoblastoma Imaging Collaboration (ERIC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Huang J, Chan SC, Ko S, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer: A global analysis of cancer registries. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38281507 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the global disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer by sex and age group. METHODS Databases including Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the WHO IARC mortality database were accessed to extract incidence and mortality data. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the Average Annual Percentage Change of the incidence and mortality. RESULTS The age-standardised rates of eye cancer incidence and mortality were 0.49 and 0.08 globally in 2020. Higher incidence rates were observed in Sub-Saharan Africa (ASR = 4.06), Western Europe (ASR = 0.89), and Northern Europe (ASR = 0.84), but higher mortality was observed only in Sub-Saharan Africa (ASR = 1.59). Lower HDI, higher prevalence of UV exposure and lower prevalence of several lifestyle habits and metabolic syndromes were associated with higher incidence and mortality. There was an overall stable incidence trend and a decreasing mortality trend. Notably, all countries reporting decreasing trend in mortality were in the Asian or European region. CONCLUSIONS Although higher incidence was observed in both African and European regions, only the Sub-Saharan Africa region reported high mortality, indicating inequity in the access of healthcare and treatment resource. Higher prevalence of UV exposure was associated with both higher incidence and mortality. Education should be provided to increase the awareness of eye protection. An overall declining mortality trend was found, but it was limited to only Asian and European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samantha Ko
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Veeleah Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Edmar Elcarte
- College of Nursing, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Population and Health Sciences, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhu X, Li Z, Liu J, Guo J, Xian J, Wu J. MRI features for prediction of the intravenous chemotherapy effect in patients with retinoblastoma. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e864-e871. [PMID: 37596180 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the value of orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in predicting the efficacy of intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) for patients with retinoblastoma (RB). MATERIALS AND METHODS The pretreatment clinical and MRI data of 100 eyes from 80 RB patients who underwent IVC were collected retrospectively. There were 59 eyes in the effective group and 41 eyes in the ineffective group, and the baseline data of the two groups were compared statistically. Three radiologists reviewed and evaluated each lesion independently based on 25 MRI features. The predictive values of the MRI features for IVC efficacy were assessed by multi-factor logistic regression analysis, and their odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) with the area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the predictive abilities. A predictive model was constructed by integrating all independent predictors visualised by the nomogram. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in sex or age between the effective and ineffective groups. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that laterality, margin, and anterior eye segment enhancement were identified as independent factors that could predict IVC efficacy. The predictive model combining these three features was constructed, and it had an AUC of 0.732 (95% CI: 0.633, 0.831, p<0.01), a sensitivity of 71.2%, and a specificity of 70.7%. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that the orbital MRI features can be used to predict IVC efficiency before RB patients are treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - J Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - J Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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4
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Rahdar A, Ahmadi MJ, Naseripour M, Akhtari A, Sedaghat A, Hosseinabadi VZ, Yarmohamadi P, Hajihasani S, Mirshahi R. Semi-supervised segmentation of retinoblastoma tumors in fundus images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13010. [PMID: 37563285 PMCID: PMC10415254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer that predominantly affects young children as the primary intraocular malignancy. Studies conducted in developed and some developing countries have revealed that early detection can successfully cure over 90% of children with retinoblastoma. An unusual white reflection in the pupil is the most common presenting symptom. Depending on the tumor size, shape, and location, medical experts may opt for different approaches and treatments, with the results varying significantly due to the high reliance on prior knowledge and experience. This study aims to present a model based on semi-supervised machine learning that will yield segmentation results comparable to those achieved by medical experts. First, the Gaussian mixture model is utilized to detect abnormalities in approximately 4200 fundus images. Due to the high computational cost of this process, the results of this approach are then used to train a cost-effective model for the same purpose. The proposed model demonstrated promising results in extracting highly detailed boundaries in fundus images. Using the Sørensen-Dice coefficient as the comparison metric for segmentation tasks, an average accuracy of 93% on evaluation data was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masood Naseripour
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abtin Akhtari
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Sedaghat
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Zare Hosseinabadi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Yarmohamadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Hajihasani
- Student Research Committee, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Reza Mirshahi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yadav G, Singh A, Kushwaha R, Verma N, Srivastava RM, Singh US. Utility of bone marrow examination in retinoblastoma and their correlation with hematological features. J Med Life 2023; 16:1245-1250. [PMID: 38024824 PMCID: PMC10652682 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma makes up about 3% of all childhood malignancies. The frequency of metastatic retinoblastoma ranges from 4.8 to 11%. Assessing the bone marrow status of newly diagnosed patients is crucial because of the advantages of autologous bone marrow transplants for high-risk patients. This study aimed to determine the utility of bone marrow examination in cases of retinoblastoma and its correlation with hematological findings. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. A total of 34 cases of retinoblastoma with bone marrow examination were included in the study. Bone marrow infiltration was present in 17.65% (6/34) cases of retinoblastoma. Bone marrow aspirate myelogram showed that marrow metastasis in retinoblastoma was significantly linked with a reduced percentage of total myeloid cells (p=0.001) and segmented cells (p=0.006). The present study demonstrated that 15% (3/20) of retinoblastoma patients previously classified as nonmetastatic before bone marrow examination (stages I to III based on histology, imaging, and bone scan) had bone marrow metastases following bone marrow examination and were upgraded to stage IV. To conclude, a diligent and exhaustive search for metastatic cells in bone marrow is advised if the myelogram shows a reduced percentage of total myeloid and segmented cells. All stage II and stage III cases of retinoblastoma must undergo bone marrow examination for early metastasis detection, as it may result in an upgrade to stage IV disease, impacting the prognosis and necessitating distinct treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Yadav
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Rashmi Kushwaha
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
| | - Nishant Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Uma Shankar Singh
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India
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Shi C, Huang K, Soto J, Sankaran R, Kalia V, Onwumere O, Young M, Einbond L, Redenti S. Piperlongumine inhibits proliferation and oncogenic MYCN expression in chemoresistant metastatic retinoblastoma cells directly and through extracellular vesicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114554. [PMID: 36940616 PMCID: PMC10157982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular retinoblastoma malignancies, which develop into metastatic phenotypes, result in poor prognosis and survival for infant and child patients. To improve the prognosis of metastatic retinoblastoma, it is important to identify novel compounds with less toxic side effects and higher therapeutic efficacy compared to existing chemotherapeutics. Piperlongumine (PL), a neuroprotective, plant-derived compound has been explored for its anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we analyze the potential efficacy of PL for metastatic retinoblastoma cell treatment. Our data reveal that PL treatment significantly inhibits cell proliferation in metastatic retinoblastoma Y79 cells compared to the commonly used retinoblastoma chemotherapeutic drugs carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine. PL treatment also significantly increases cell death compared to treatment with other chemotherapeutic drugs. PL-induced cell-death signaling was associated with significantly higher caspase 3/7 activities and greater loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. PL was also internalized into Y79 cells with an estimated concentration of 0.310pM and expression analysis revealed reduced MYCN oncogene levels. We next examined extracellular vesicles derived from PL-treated Y79 cells. Extracellular vesicles in other cancers are pro-oncogenic, mediating systemic toxicities via the encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. Within metastatic Y79 EV samples, an estimated PL concentration of 0.026pM was detected. PL treatment significantly downregulated Y79 EV cargo of the oncogene MYCN transcript. Interestingly, non-PL-treated Y79 cells incubated with EVs from PL-treated cells exhibited significantly reduced cell growth. These findings indicate that in metastatic Y79 cells, PL exhibits potent anti-proliferation effects and oncogene downregulation. Importantly, PL is also incorporated into extracellular vesicles released from treated metastatic cells with measurable anti-cancer effects on target cells at a distance from the site of primary treatment. The use of PL in the treatment of metastatic retinoblastoma may reduce primary tumor proliferation and inhibit metastatic cancer activity systemically via extracellular vesicle circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate School, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kunhui Huang
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate School, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John Soto
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Renuka Sankaran
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate School, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Onyekwere Onwumere
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Young
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Linda Einbond
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Lehman College, the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, The Graduate School, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Biology Doctoral Program, The Graduate School of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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7
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Holmes L, Pollack E, Berice BN, Halloran DR, Parson K, Badfford NT, Paleaz L, Benson JA. Survival disadvantage of male children with retinoblastoma in the United States: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (2000-2017) Evidence. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4626-4637. [PMID: 36719346 PMCID: PMC9972039 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is a rare malignancy involving the retina, although, more common among children, with genetic inheritance explaining the incidence as well as acquired forms. The incidence varies among race and sex as well as mortality and survival. The current study aimed to assess retinoblastoma cumulative incidence (CMI), mortality, and survival by sex. METHODS A retrospective cohort design was used to assess the CMI, mortality, and survival in this pediatric malignancy based on the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data 2000-2017. The binomial regression model was used to examine sex differentials in mortality, as well as other study variables, while Cox proportional hazard model was used for the survival variability by sex. RESULTS The CMI during this period was higher among males relative to females (males n = 249, 56.7%; females n = 190, 43.3%, χ2 = 2.90, df = 1, p = 0.089). There were sex differences in mortality, with excess mortality observed among males compared to females, risk ratio = 3.40, 95% CI [1.0-15.72]. The survival differences by sex indicated decreased survival among males relative to females, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.39, 95% CI [1.0-15.72]. After controlling for the potential confoundings, namely tumor grade, urbanity, and median income the survival disadvantage of males persisted. Compared to females', males were more than three times as likely to die, adjusted HR = 3.42, 99% CI [0.37-31.60]. CONCLUSION In a representative sample of pediatric retinoblastoma, there was a sex differential in survival with excess risk of dying identified among males relative to females, which may be explained in part by male X-linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Holmes
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Biological Science Department, University of Delaware, Newark, NJ, USA.,Thomas Jefferson University School of Population Health and Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Pollack
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Betyna N Berice
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Master of Public Health, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Daniel R Halloran
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Biological Science Department, University of Delaware, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kadedrah Parson
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Nastocia T Badfford
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Lavisha Paleaz
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Benson
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Office of Health Equity & Inclusion, Health Disparities Science Research, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Master of Public Health Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Abolhosseini M, Khorrami Z, Safi S, Akbari ME, Moshtaghion SM, Mohammadi SF, Kanavi MR, Karimi S. A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1074. [PMID: 36658192 PMCID: PMC9852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age-period-cohort model. Geographic distribution of ASIR was assessed using GIS. Overall ASIR of ocular cancers was 16.04/100,000 (95% CI 15.77-16.32). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant increase of ASIR between 2004 and 2009 for males (APC = 5.5, 95% CI 0.9-10.2), ages over 50 years (APC = 5.2, 1.2-9.4), skin/canthus/adnexal cancers (APC = 4.2, 0.8-7.7), and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas (APC = 4.3, 0.6-8.1); however, between 2009 and 2016 a declining trend was observed in all investigated variables. ASIR of retinoblastoma was significantly increased (averaged APC = 20.7, 9-33.7) between 2004 and 2016. age-period-cohort analyses showed that incidence rates of ocular cancers significantly increased with aging, time periods, and birth cohort effects (p < 0.001). ASIR varied from 6.7/100,000 to 21.7/100,000 in Iran. Excepting retinoblastoma, all ocular cancer incidence trends were downward over a 13-year period; however, it was increasing between 2004 and 2009 cancer. ASIR was significant aging in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohamadmehdi Moshtaghion
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Mohammadi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
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Field MG, Kuznetsoff JN, Zhang MG, Dollar JJ, Durante MA, Sayegh Y, Decatur CL, Kurtenbach S, Pelaez D, Harbour JW. RB1 loss triggers dependence on ESRRG in retinoblastoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8466. [PMID: 35984874 PMCID: PMC9390996 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a deadly childhood eye cancer that is classically initiated by inactivation of the RB1 tumor suppressor. Clinical management continues to rely on nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents that are associated with treatment resistance and toxicity. Here, we analyzed 103 whole exomes, 20 whole transcriptomes, 5 single-cell transcriptomes, and 4 whole genomes from primary Rb tumors to identify previously unknown Rb dependencies. Several recurrent genomic aberrations implicate estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) in Rb pathogenesis. RB1 directly interacts with and inhibits ESRRG, and RB1 loss uncouples ESRRG from negative regulation. ESRRG regulates genes involved in retinogenesis and oxygen metabolism in Rb cells. ESRRG is preferentially expressed in hypoxic Rb cells in vivo. Depletion or inhibition of ESRRG causes marked Rb cell death, which is exacerbated in hypoxia. These findings reveal a previously unidentified dependency of Rb cells on ESRRG, and they implicate ESRRG as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Field
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffim N. Kuznetsoff
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michelle G. Zhang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - James J. Dollar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael A. Durante
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoseph Sayegh
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christina L. Decatur
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - J. William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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10
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Tomar AS, Finger PT, Gallie B, Kivelä TT, Mallipatna A, Zhang C, Zhao J, Wilson MW, Brennan RC, Burges M, Kim J, Berry JL, Jubran R, Khetan V, Ganesan S, Yarovoy A, Yarovaya V, Kotova E, Volodin D, Yousef YA, Nummi K, Ushakova TL, Yugay OV, Polyakov VG, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Esparza-Aguiar E, Chantada G, Schaiquevich P, Fandino A, Yam JC, Lau WW, Lam CP, Sharwood P, Moorthy S, Long QB, Essuman VA, Renner LA, Semenova E, Català-Mora J, Correa-Llano G, Carreras E. Metastatic Death Based on Presenting Features and Treatment for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma: A Multicenter Registry-Based Study. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:933-945. [PMID: 35500608 PMCID: PMC9329221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate presenting features, tumor size, and treatment methods for risk of metastatic death due to advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1841 patients with advanced RB. METHODS Advanced RB was defined by 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) categories cT2 and cT3 and new AJCC-Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) Size Groups (1: < 50% of globe volume, 2: > 50% but < 2/3, 3: > 2/3, and 4: diffuse infiltrating RB). Treatments were primary enucleation, systemic chemotherapy with secondary enucleation, and systemic chemotherapy with eye salvage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Metastatic death. RESULTS The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by patient-level AJCC clinical subcategories were 98% for cT2a, 96% for cT2b, 88% for cT3a, 95% for cT3b, 92% for cT3c, 84% for cT3d, and 75% for cT3e RB. Survival estimates by treatment modality were 96% for primary enucleation, 89% for systemic chemotherapy and secondary enucleation, and 90% for systemic chemotherapy with eye salvage. Risk of metastatic mortality increased with increasing cT subcategory (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of metastatic mortality in categories cT3c (glaucoma, hazard ratio [HR], 4.9; P = 0.011), cT3d (intraocular hemorrhage, HR, 14.0; P < 0.001), and cT3e (orbital cellulitis, HR, 19.6; P < 0.001) than in category cT2a and with systemic chemotherapy with secondary enucleation (HR, 3.3; P < 0.001) and eye salvage (HR, 4.9; P < 0.001) than with primary enucleation. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by AJCC-OOTF Size Groups 1 to 4 were 99%, 96%, 94%, and 83%, respectively. Mortality from metastatic RB increased with increasing Size Group (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that patients with Size Group 3 (HR, 10.0; P = 0.002) and 4 (HR, 41.1; P < 0.001) had a greater risk of metastatic mortality than Size Group 1. CONCLUSIONS The AJCC-RB cT2 and cT3 subcategories and size-based AJCC-OOTF Groups 3 (> 2/3 globe volume) and 4 (diffuse infiltrating RB) provided a robust stratification of clinical risk for metastatic death in advanced intraocular RB. Primary enucleation offered the highest survival rates for patients with advanced intraocular RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh Tomar
- Department of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul T Finger
- Department of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Brenda Gallie
- The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ocular Oncology, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew W Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rachel C Brennan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michala Burges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Kim
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse L Berry
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rima Jubran
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganeswari Ganesan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrey Yarovoy
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Yarovaya
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kotova
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Volodin
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yacoub A Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kalle Nummi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana L Ushakova
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Yugay
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Polyakov
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fandino
- Ophthalmology Service Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carol P Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Phillipa Sharwood
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Vera Adobea Essuman
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorna A Renner
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ekaterina Semenova
- Department of Ocular Tumor, Orbital Disease, and Ophthalmic Radiation Therapy, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaume Català-Mora
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa-Llano
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Carreras
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Tomar AS, Finger PT, Gallie B, Kivelä TT, Mallipatna A, Zhang C, Zhao J, Wilson MW, Brennan RC, Burges M, Kim J, Berry JL, Jubran R, Khetan V, Ganesan S, Yarovoy A, Yarovaya V, Kotova E, Volodin D, Yousef YA, Nummi K, Ushakova TL, Yugay OV, Polyakov VG, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Esparza-Aguiar E, Chantada G, Schaiquevich P, Fandino A, Yam JC, Lau WW, Lam CP, Sharwood P, Moorthy S, Long QB, Essuman VA, Renner LA, Semenova E, Català-Mora J, Correa-Llano G, Carreras E. High-risk Pathologic Features Based on Presenting Findings in Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma: A Multicenter, International Data-Sharing American Joint Committee on Cancer Study. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:923-932. [PMID: 35436535 PMCID: PMC9329269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the value of clinical features for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma as defined by the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cT3 category and AJCC Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) Size Groups to predict the high-risk pathologic features. DESIGN International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents shared evaluations of 942 eyes enucleated as primary treatment for AJCC cT3 and, for comparison, cT2 retinoblastoma. METHODS International, multicenter, registry-based data were pooled from patients enrolled between 2001 and 2013. High-risk pathologic features were defined as AJCC categories pT3 and pT4. In addition, AJCC OOTF Size Groups were defined as follows: (1) less than half, (2) more than half but less than two thirds, (3) more than two thirds of globe volume involved, and (4) diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Statistical risk of high-risk pathologic features corresponding to AJCC cT3 subcategories and AJCC OOTF Size Groups. RESULTS Of 942 retinoblastoma eyes treated by primary enucleation, 282 (30%) showed high-risk pathologic features. Both cT subcategories and AJCC OOTF Size Groups (P < 0.001 for both) were associated with high-risk pathologic features. On logistic regression analysis, cT3c (iris neovascularization with glaucoma), cT3d (intraocular hemorrhage), and cT3e (aseptic orbital cellulitis) were predictive factors for high-risk pathologic features when compared with cT2a with an odds ratio of 2.3 (P = 0.002), 2.5 (P = 0.002), and 3.3 (P = 0.019), respectively. Size Group 3 (more than two-thirds globe volume) and 4 (diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma) were the best predictive factors with an odds ratio of 3.3 and 4.1 (P < 0.001 for both), respectively, for high-risk pathologic features when compared with Size Groups 1 (i.e., < 50% of globe volume). CONCLUSIONS The AJCC retinoblastoma staging clinical cT3c-e subcategories (glaucoma, intraocular hemorrhage, and aseptic orbital cellulitis, respectively) as well as the AJCC OOTF Size Groups 3 (tumor more than two thirds of globe volume) and 4 (diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma) both allowed stratification of clinical risk factors that can be used to predict the presence of high-risk pathologic features and thus facilitate treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh Tomar
- Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul T. Finger
- Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brenda Gallie
- The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tero T. Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Ocular Oncology, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew W. Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rachel C. Brennan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michala Burges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Kim
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, and The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, and The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rima Jubran
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, and The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganeswari Ganesan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrey Yarovoy
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Yarovaya
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kotova
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Volodin
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kalle Nummi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana L. Ushakova
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Yugay
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Polyakov
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marco A. Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Chantada
- Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan, and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Hemato-Oncology Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan, and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fandino
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W. Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carol P. Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Phillipa Sharwood
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Moorthy
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Quah Boon Long
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Vera Adobea Essuman
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorna A. Renner
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ekaterina Semenova
- Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jaume Català-Mora
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa-Llano
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Carreras
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Azad AD, Al-Moujahed A, Ludwig CA, Vail D, Callaway NF, Rosenblatt TR, Kumm J, Moshfeghi DM. The Utility of Universal Newborn Eye Screening: A Review. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2021; 52:S6-S16. [PMID: 34908491 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20211115-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Universal newborn eye screening can identify ocular abnormalities early and help mitigate long-term visual impairment. Traditional neonatal and infant eye screening is administered by neonatologists and pediatricians using the red reflex test. If this test identifies an ocular abnormality, then the patient is examined by an ophthalmologist. Notably, the red reflex test may be unable to detect amblyogenic posterior segment pathology. Recent studies using fundus imaging and telemedicine show reduced cost of human resources and increased sensitivity compared with traditional approaches. In this review, the authors discuss universal newborn eye screening pilot programs with regard to disease prevalence, referral-warranted disease, and cost-effectiveness. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:S6-S16.].
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13
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Yang M, Yao P, Lang X, Li X, Zhang D. Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 promotes proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in retinoblastoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12800-12811. [PMID: 34895038 PMCID: PMC8809947 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignant tumor that often occurs in children. Along with the improvement of treatment strategies, the cure rate of RB has increased significantly. However, the treatment of advanced and recurrent RB remains as a critical challenge. Therefore, studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of RB is essential for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies. Through the analysis of a previously published microarray study, we found that ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) was highly expressed in RB tissues as compared to normal tissues. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role and mechanism of RRM2 in regulating the progression of RB. We first demonstrated that RRM2 expression level in RB tissues and cell lines was significantly higher when compared to that in normal retinal tissue and cell lines, and high RRM2 expression level was associated with a poorer overall survival of patients. In RB cells, RRM2 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), while RRM2 silencing suppressed these biological features. Silencing RRM2 reduced the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, and the presence of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor INCB attenuated the effect of RRM2 overexpression. Collectively, our data indicate that RRM2 promotes the progression of RB by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Targeting RRM2/JAK2/STAT3 axis lays a theoretical foundation for the formulation of novel RB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqiang Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Banderali U, Jain M, Thakur S, Jayanthan A, Belke DD, Giles WR, Narendran A. The T-type Calcium Channel Cav3.1 in Y79 Retinoblastoma Cells is Regulated by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:426-435. [PMID: 34674590 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1988982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular cancer in children. It is also one of the most common causes for enucleation and carries a significant morbidity rate in affected individuals. Hence, studies on its pathophysiological and growth regulatory mechanisms are urgently needed to identify more effective novel therapeutics. METHODS Using the Y79 retinoblastoma cell line, we investigated the electrophysiological and functional activities of the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav3.1, that is constitutively expressed in these cells. We also analyzed the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to understand the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of Cav3.1. RESULTS We demonstrate that the EGFR inhibitor Afatinib significantly reduced cell viability and Cav3.1 mRNA expression and electrophysiological activity. At low concentrations (1 µM), Afatinib reduced the amplitude of Cav3.1 current density, whereas at a high concentration (10 µM), it completely abolished the voltage-gated calcium current. Our results show that inhibition of the MAPK pathway by a specific inhibitor VX-11e affected the Cav3.1 current in a dose-dependent manner. VX-11e (50 nM-1 µM) treatment reduced Cav3.1 current densities in Y79 cells, with complete abolishment of Cav3.1 current at higher concentrations (5 µM). We also demonstrate that the specific inhibition of the Akt kinase (using MK-2206) had no effect on the Cav3.1 currents. CONCLUSION Our study provides a functional relationship between the MAPK pathway and EGFR signaling and indicates that the MAPK signaling pathway mediates the control of Cav3.1 by EGFR in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Banderali
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mohit Jain
- POETIC Laboratory for Pre-Clinical Studies and the Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Satbir Thakur
- POETIC Laboratory for Pre-Clinical Studies and the Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aarthi Jayanthan
- POETIC Laboratory for Pre-Clinical Studies and the Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darrell D Belke
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Pre-Clinical Studies and the Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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miR-4319 inhibited retinoblastoma cells proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progress via suppressing CD147 mediated MMPs expression. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:269-277. [PMID: 33474692 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor migration is the critical step that lead to the migration in retinoblastoma (RB), in which microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles. This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-4319 (miR-4319) in the development of retinoblastoma by identifying its targets, as well as its underlying regulatory mechanisms. Our data shown that miR-4319 was downregulated in RB tissues and RB cell lines. Enhanced miR-4319 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progress, promoted cell apoptosis in SO-RB50 and RB-Y79 cells. Of note, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRI/CD147) was identified as a direct target gene for miR-4319. MMPs were regulated by CD147 and participated in the miR-4319 regulatory network in SO-RB50 cells. In addition, overexpression of CD147 abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-4319 on RB cells. In summary, miR-4319 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion may through suppressing the CD147 mediated MMPs expression, suggesting that miR-4319 may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and treatment target for RB.
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Guihurt Santiago J, Burgos-Tirado N, Lafontaine DD, Mendoza Sierra JC, Camacho RH, Vecchini Rodríguez CM, Morales-Tirado V, Flores-Otero J. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, ELTD1, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma migration and invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33430814 PMCID: PMC7802354 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis for pediatric metastatic Retinoblastoma (Rb) is poor and current therapies are limited by high systemic toxicity rates and insufficient therapeutic efficacy for metastatic Rb. Tumor dissemination to the brain is promoted by the heterogeneous adhesive and invasive properties of Rb cells within the tumor. In this study we evaluate, for the first time, the expression, and roles of the ELTD1 and GPR125 adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Rb cell migration, viability and invasion. METHODS We characterized the RNA expression of adhesion-GPCRs in 64 Rb tumors compared to 11 fetal retinas using the database from the Childhood Solid Tumor Network from St Jude Children's Research Hospital. The role of ELTD1 and GPR125 in Rb were investigated ex vivo by microarray analysis, in vitro by cell viability, Western blot and migration assays, in addition to imaging of the subcellular localization of the GPCRs. To elucidate their role in vivo we utilized siRNA technology in an established Rb orthotopic xenograft murine model. RESULTS Our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that ELTD1 but not GPR125, is significantly increased in Rb tumors compared to fetal retinas. We utilized established the Rb cell lines Y79 and Weri-Rb-1, which represent an aggressive, metastatic, and non-metastatic phenotype, respectively, for the in vitro analyses. The studies demonstrated that ELTD1 is enriched in Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 is enriched in Y79 cells. The measured differences extended to their subcellular localization as ELTD1 labeling displayed punctate clusters in cell-to-cell adhesion sites of Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 displayed a polarized distribution in Y79 cells. Lastly, we demonstrated the lack of both adhesion receptors does not affect Rb cell viability, yet inhibition of ELTD1 decreases Y79 cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that ELTD1, is a potential target to prevent extraocular Rb. The results within establish ELTD1 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guihurt Santiago
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN USA
| | - Neikelyn Burgos-Tirado
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniella Dorta Lafontaine
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Central University of the Caribbean of Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - José C. Mendoza Sierra
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Herrera Camacho
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Current affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Clara M. Vecchini Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Present address: AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Chen Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Zou W, Zhou F. Tubeimoside II inhibits TGF-β1-induced metastatic progression of human retinoblastoma cells through suppressing redoxosome-dependent EGFR activation. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 335:109367. [PMID: 33412154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in retinoblastoma (Rb) patients. Tubeimoside II (TBMS II) is a compound enriched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Tu Bei Mu. It has been shown to induce cytotoxicity of several types of tumors; however, littler is known about its effect on Rb. This study investigated the influence of TBMS II on TGF-β1-induced metastasis of human retinoblastoma Y-79 and WERI-Rb-1 cells. The data showed that TBMS II significantly inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell adhesion, migration and invasion via reducing TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress in Rb cells. Further findings revealed that TBMS II exerted its inhibitory effect against TGF-β1-induced metastatic progression of Rb cells via suppressing redoxosome-dependent EGFR activation including EGFR phosphorylation and oxidation, and the activation of such signaling attenuated TBMS II's effect. Our study reveals that TBMS II impacts on TGF-β1-induced metastatic progression of Rb cells, and this information may contribute to better understanding the therapeutic potentials of TBMS II on metastatic Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Fatty acid synthesis and cancer: Aberrant expression of the ACACA and ACACB genes increases the risk for cancer. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Global Retinoblastoma Treatment Outcomes: Association with National Income Level. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:740-753. [PMID: 33007338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and globe salvage after retinoblastoma in countries with different national income levels. DESIGN International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand one hundred ninety patients, 18 ophthalmic oncology centers, and 13 countries on 6 continents. METHODS Multicenter registry-based data were pooled from retinoblastoma patients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. Adequate data to allow American Joint Committee on Cancer staging, eighth edition, and analysis for the main outcome measures were available for 2085 patients. Each country was classified by national income level, as defined by the 2017 United Nations World Population Prospects, and included high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), and lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Patient survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine associations between national income and treatment outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure (defined as use of secondary enucleation or external beam radiation therapy). RESULTS Most (60%) study patients resided in UMICs and LMICs. The global median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months and higher in UMICs (20.0 months) and LMICs (20.0 months) than HICs (14.0 months; P < 0.001). Patients in UMICs and LMICs reported higher rates of disease-specific metastasis-related mortality and local treatment failure. As compared with HICs, metastasis-related mortality was 10.3-fold higher for UMICs and 9.3-fold higher for LMICs, and the risk for local treatment failure was 2.2-fold and 1.6-fold higher, respectively (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This international, multicenter, registry-based analysis of retinoblastoma management revealed that lower national income levels were associated with significantly higher rates of metastasis-related mortality, local treatment failure, and lower globe salvage.
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Biewald E, Schlüter S, Bechrakis NE, Kiefer T, Rating P, Geismar D, Metz KA, Göricke S, Ketteler P, Bornfeld N. Long-Term Clinical Results and Management following Vitrectomy in Undetected Retinoblastoma Eyes. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:244-250. [PMID: 33005613 PMCID: PMC7506289 DOI: 10.1159/000505732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the rarity of retinoblastoma and the consequences of accidental vitrectomy in the event of misdiagnosis, reporting on clinical experience in this area is important. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the management and complications with a focus on local orbital recurrence and metastatic disease in 10 children vitrectomized in an undetected retinoblastoma eye. METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive case series conducted in a single-centre referral university hospital. RESULTS From October 1991 to June 2019, 10 patients with a vitrectomy in an unsuspected retinoblastoma eye were included in this study. The main preoperative diagnoses were unilateral inflammation with a suspected lymphoma, uveitis or toxocariasis in 5 cases, vitreous haemorrhage after trauma in 2 cases, and the last 3 were misdiagnosed with Coats disease, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and congenital cataract. Mean age at surgery was 3 years, ranging from 14 months to 6 and a half years. Nine patients were suffering from unilateral retinoblastoma; these were enucleated and treated with 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The sclerotomy sites were infiltrated with tumour cells in 3 cases. In 1 patient, the differential diagnosis of a malignant medulloepithelioma could not be excluded. One patient had bone marrow infiltration on initial presentation; all other patients are healthy without any signs of orbital recurrence or metastatic disease with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. CONCLUSION In children, intraocular tumours, including retinoblastoma and medulloepithelioma, should be ruled out before pars plana vitrectomy is performed. If no doubtless preoperative diagnosis can be established, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory. If a vitrectomy in a retinoblastoma eye has been performed, immediate enucleation of the eye with subsequent chemotherapy and orbital radiation is effective to avoid local recurrence and systemic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Biewald
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlüter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kiefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Rating
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Geismar
- West German Proton Therapy Centre, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus A. Metz
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Vempuluru VS, Jakati S, Kaliki S. Delayed metastasis in patients with intraocular retinoblastoma: A review of three cases. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:2042-2047. [PMID: 32703017 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120946285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of delayed metastasis in retinoblastoma (RB). METHODS Retrospective case series of three patients. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis of RB was 29 months (median, 28 months; range, 11-48 months). All were males with non-familial bilateral intraocular RB. Primary treatment for RB included intravenous chemotherapy in all three cases. Secondary treatment included transpupillary thermotherapy/cryotherapy (n = 6 eyes), periocular chemotherapy (n = 2 eyes), intravitreal chemotherapy (n = 1 eye), intra-arterial chemotherapy (n = 1 eye), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; n = 2 eyes), and enucleation (n = 2 eyes). Primary tumor regression was achieved in all cases and remained status quo at the time of diagnosis of distant metastasis. Two patients developed bone metastasis (ulna; tibia) and one developed soft tissue metastasis (temporal fossa) over a mean follow-up period of 6 years (median, 7 years; range, 5-8 years) from diagnosis of RB. Mean age of detection of metastatic disease was 8 years (median, 8 years; range, 7-9 years). All the lesions were solitary and the diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma was confirmed by tissue biopsy. Metastatic disease was treated with surgical excision (n = 1), chemotherapy (n = 2), and EBRT (n = 2). All patients are alive, with two patients free of disease over a mean follow-up period of 23 months (median, 23 months; range, 12-33 months); and 1 in remission 7 months after completion of EBRT. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up of RB cases is mandatory. In spite of intraocular tumor regression, metastasis can still occur many years after treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijitha S Vempuluru
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saumya Jakati
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Tomar AS, Finger PT, Gallie B, Mallipatna A, Kivelä TT, Zhang C, Zhao J, Wilson MW, Kim J, Khetan V, Ganesan S, Yarovoy A, Yarovaya V, Kotova E, Yousef YA, Nummi K, Ushakova TL, Yugay OV, Polyakov VG, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Esparza-Aguiar E, Chantada G, Schaiquevich P, Fandino A, Yam JC, Lau WW, Lam CP, Sharwood P, Moorthy S, Long QB, Essuman VA, Renner LA, Català J, Correa-Llano G. A Multicenter, International Collaborative Study for American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging of Retinoblastoma: Part I: Metastasis-Associated Mortality. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:1719-1732. [PMID: 32512116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual to estimate metastatic and mortality rates for children with retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2190 patients from 18 ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents. METHODS Patient-specific data fields for RB were designed and selected by subcommittee. All patients with RB with adequate records to allow tumor staging by the AJCC criteria and follow-up for metastatic disease were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Metastasis-related 5- and 10-year survival data after initial tumor staging were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method depending on AJCC clinical (cTNM) and pathological (pTNM) tumor, node, metastasis category and age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable trait. RESULTS Of 2190 patients, the records of 2085 patients (95.2%) with 2905 eyes were complete. The median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months. A total of 1260 patients (65.4%) had unilateral RB. Among the 2085 patients, tumor categories were cT1a in 55 (2.6%), cT1b in 168 (8.1%), cT2a in 197 (9.4%), cT2b in 812 (38.9%), cT3 in 835 (40.0%), and cT4 in 18 (0.9%). Of these, 1397 eyes in 1353 patients (48.1%) were treated with enucleation. A total of 109 patients (5.2%) developed metastases and died. The median time (n = 92) from diagnosis to metastasis was 9.50 months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by clinical tumor categories were 100% for category cT1a, 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97-99) for cT1b and cT2a, 96% (95% CI, 95-97) for cT2b, 89% (95% CI, 88-90) for cT3 tumors, and 45% (95% CI, 31-59) for cT4 tumors. Risk of metastasis increased with increasing cT (and pT) category (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of metastasis in category cT3 (hazard rate [HR], 8.09; 95% CI, 2.55-25.70; P < 0.001) and cT4 (HR, 48.55; 95% CI, 12.86-183.27; P < 0.001) compared with category cT1. Age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable traits did not influence the incidence of metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS Multicenter, international, internet-based data sharing facilitated analysis of the 8th edition AJCC RB Staging System for metastasis-related mortality and offered a proof of concept yielding quantitative, predictive estimates per category in a large, real-life, heterogeneous patient population with RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh Tomar
- Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul T Finger
- Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Brenda Gallie
- The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew W Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Kim
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganeswari Ganesan
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andrey Yarovoy
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Yarovaya
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Kotova
- Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yacoub A Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kalle Nummi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana L Ushakova
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Yugay
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Polyakov
- SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Chantada
- Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fandino
- Ophthalmology Service Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carol P Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Phillipa Sharwood
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Vera Adobea Essuman
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lorna A Renner
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jaume Català
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa-Llano
- Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Gündüz AK, Mirzayev I, Temel E, Ünal E, Taçyıldız N, Dinçaslan H, Köse SK, Özalp Ateş FS, Işık MU. A 20-year audit of retinoblastoma treatment outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1916-1924. [PMID: 32376976 PMCID: PMC7608123 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes in intraocular retinoblastoma (RB) including the associated factors for eventual treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and enucleation as well as to analyse the risk factors for metastasis and death in extraocular RB. Methods Retrospective analysis of 390 eyes from 256 (89.8%) intraocular RB and 29 (10.2%) extraocular RB cases diagnosed and treated between October 1998 and May 2018 at one of the largest tertiary care centers in Turkey. Results Of 351 intraocular RB eyes, 53.3% had group D/E disease at presentation. 75 (21.4%) of 351 eyes underwent primary enucleation. Of the remaining 276 eyes undergoing eye-conserving treatments, 201 (72.8%) were salvaged. Most of these eyes were treated using intravenous chemotherapy and/or focal treatments [transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and cryotherapy] initially. EBRT was eventually required in 48 (17.4%) eyes and secondary enucleation in 75 (27.2%) eyes. At mean follow-ups of 76.7 and 39.7 months for intraocular and extraocular RB cohorts, respectively, 180 (46.2%) eyes underwent primary/secondary enucleation and exenteration. Overall, 13 cases developed metastasis and 9 died. Two patients with trilateral RB also expired. Multivariable risk factors for enucleation were the presence of vitreous seeds (p < 0.001), absence of EBRT administration (p = 0.033), 5–9 TTT applications compared with no TTT (p = 0.031), and each 1 mm increase in tumour base diameter (p < 0.001). Univariate factors predictive of metastasis were the presence of extraocular RB detected by imaging methods (p < 0.001) and extrascleral/optic nerve cut end involvement at histopathological examination (p < 0.001). Conclusions In our series, 72.8% of the intraocular RB eyes undergoing eye-conserving treatments were saved. The globe salvage rate for all intraocular and extraocular RB eyes was 53.8% and the overall survival rate was 96.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaan Gündüz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ibadulla Mirzayev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Temel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Ünal
- Departmant of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Taçyıldız
- Departmant of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Handan Dinçaslan
- Departmant of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdal Kenan Köse
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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de Jong MC, Van Der Valk P, Jansen RW, Abbink F, Bosscha M, Castelijns JA, Moll AC, de Graaf P. Full-width postlaminar optic nerve tumor invasion of retinoblastoma as risk-factor for leptomeningeal spread of retinoblastoma. A case report and review of the literature. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:69-72. [PMID: 32072844 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1727535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a 6-year-old boy with unilateral retinoblastoma of the left eye. MRI showed an intraocular tumor that extended into the optic nerve beyond the lamina cribrosa. The affected eye was enucleated and the optic nerve resection margin proved to be free. Following protocol, this patient received six courses of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, after 5 months this patient returned with the leptomeningeal spread of the tumor and died quickly thereafter.Histopathologic analysis of the enucleated eye and distal optic nerve revealed that the postlaminar tumor cells occupied the entire width of the optic nerve, extending all the way up to the pia mater, whereas, more often the tumor invasion is restricted to the center of the optic nerve. This was also visible on the MR images where contrast enhancement occupied the entire nerve width. A resection margin with tumor cells is recognized as a risk factor for metastasis, but perhaps the proximity of tumor cells to the leptomeninges should also be judged with caution as a potential increased risk for metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Van Der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin W Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Abbink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Bosscha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Castelijns
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Z, Guo J, Xu X, Wang Y, Mukherji SK, Xian J. Diagnosis of Postlaminar Optic Nerve Invasion in Retinoblastoma With MRI Features. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1045-1052. [PMID: 31617290 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastomas (RBs) with postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) increases the risk of local recurrence or systemic metastasis. Most MRI studies on PLONI focused on optic nerve enhancement and tumor size, with reported relatively high specificity (84-98%) but low sensitivity (37-78%), which shows room for improvement, especially with regard to sensitivity. PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance for detecting PLONI with RB using MRI features. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Fifty patients with histopathologic PLONI and 70 patients without PLONI of RB. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T and 3.0T, precontrast axial T1 -weighted and T2 -weighted, postcontrast axial, coronal and oblique-sagittal T1 -weighted. ASSESSMENT The eyes were histopathologically analyzed and the preoperative MRI features of the eyes were independently evaluated by three observers. STATISTICAL TESTS MRI features suggesting the presence of PLONI were identified by univariate and multivariable analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze diagnostic performance. RESULTS Significant independent diagnostic factors for PLONI include: 1: Bilateral tumor (odds ratio [OR], 15.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-143.51); 2: Tumor with total coverage of the optic disk (OR, 6.43; 95% CI: 1.04-39.79); and 3: Optic nerve enhancement (OR, 8.43; 95% CI: 3.50-20.31). On the other hand, isointense signal of tumor on T2 WI (OR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.75) was an independent diagnostic factor in excluding PLONI. ROC analysis showed AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91, P < 0.0001) for PLONI. Based on the cutoff of maximum Youden index, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 82%, 73%, and 77%, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION MRI features of RB showed a strong association with PLONI. The model of MRI features demonstrated promising diagnostic performance in detecting PLONI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1045-1052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suresh Kumar Mukherji
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, Michigan State University Health Team, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Natarajan A, Chandra P, Purandare N, Agrawal A, Shah S, Puranik A, Rangarajan V. Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Various Orbital Malignancies. Indian J Nucl Med 2018; 33:118-124. [PMID: 29643671 PMCID: PMC5883428 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_135_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbital swelling comprises wide spectrum of pseudotumors, benign and malignant tumor. Malignant tumor may be primary or secondary tumor, and they constitute about 36% of orbital tumors in adult. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan is extensively used in hematological malignancies and in solid tumors for staging, treatment response, and restaging. Recently, the use of FDG-PET/CT in orbital malignancies has gained importance. The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate few important orbital malignancies detected in F-18 FDG-PET/CT and discuss its role in assessing the primary lesion and associated systemic finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravintho Natarajan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Chandra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilendu Purandare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archi Agrawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Shah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ameya Puranik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venkatesh Rangarajan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Wang P, Li YJ, Zhang SB, Cheng QL, Zhang Q, He LS. Metastatic retinoblastoma of the parotid and submandibular glands: a rare case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:229. [PMID: 29197363 PMCID: PMC5712193 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy occurring in children. It can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes, central nervous system and distant organs usually the bones and bone marrow and very rarely to the soft tissue. Here, we report a case of unilateral retinoblastoma in a 4-year-old girl accompanied by a large metastasis of the parotid and submandibular glands that developed about 6 months previously and gradually increased in size 5 months after enucleation of the left eye. Case presentation A 4-year-old girl with a history of unilateral retinoblastoma presented with a large, painful and worsening mass (about 20 × 23 cm) of the left side of the neck. Following surgery, the orbital tumour was completely resected, and the large tumour invasion range in the left side of the neck was not resected completely. Histopathological examination revealed retinoblastoma of the orbit and the parotid and submandibular glands. After chemotherapy and additional local radiotherapy on the parotid and submandibular glands, the tumour was inactive and stable. Conclusions Delayed detection and inappropriate management contribute to poor outcomes. Fundus examinations, education regarding the early signs of RB, and optimization of the therapeutic strategy for RB may play important roles in ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang-Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi-Lin Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Sha He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
Orbital extension is a major cause of death in children with retinoblastoma in the developing countries. Delayed detection and inappropriate management contribute to poor outcome. Conventional treatment including primary orbital exenteration or chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone result in mortality as high as 70%. The recent understanding on the role of sequential multimodal therapy with a combination of high-dose chemotherapy, followed by appropriate surgery, radiotherapy, and additional adjuvant chemotherapy has helped dramatically improve life salvage.
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Song D, Diao J, Yang Y, Chen Y. MicroRNA‑382 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma by targeting BDNF‑mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6428-6436. [PMID: 28901408 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been demonstrated that multiple microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are aberrantly expressed in retinoblastoma (RB) and contribute to RB initiation and progression. miR‑382 has been revealed to be aberrantly expressed and therefore exhibits a key role in the progression of various types of cancer. However, the expression pattern, functional roles and underlying molecular mechanism of miR‑382 in RB remain unknown. The present study investigated the expression levels of miR‑382 and its effects on RB cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism of its action. It was demonstrated that miR‑382 was downregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of miR‑382 inhibited RB cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Additionally, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was identified as a novel target of miR‑382 in RB. BDNF was upregulated in RB tissues and negatively associated with miR‑382 expression levels. Furthermore, BDNF overexpression rescued the tumour‑suppressing effects on RB cells induced by miR‑382. miR‑382 inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathway in RB. These findings suggested that miR‑382 serves as a tumour suppressor in RB, in part, by targeting the BDNF‑mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The results of the present study suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for treating RB patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Diao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Identification of differentially expressed proteins in retinoblastoma tumors using mass spectrometry-based comparative proteomic approach. J Proteomics 2017; 159:77-91. [PMID: 28232133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In India, retinoblastoma is among the top five childhood cancers. Children mostly present with extraocular extension and high risk features that results in unsatisfactory treatment and low survival rate. In addition, lack of potential therapeutic and prognostic targets is another challenge in the management of retinoblastoma. We studied comparative proteome of retinoblastoma patients (HPV positive and negative (n=4 each) and controls (n=4), in order to identify potential retinoblastoma-specific protein targets. 2D-DIGE coupled MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry identified 39 unique proteins. Highly deregulated proteins were GFAP,RBP3,APOA1,CRYAA,CRABP1,SAG and TF. Gene ontology (Panther 7.0) revealed majority of proteins to be associated with metabolic processes (26%) and catalytic activity (38%). 8 proteins were significantly upregulated in HPV positive vis-a-vis HPV negative cases. Patient group exhibited 12 upregulated and 18 downregulated proteins compared to controls. Pathway and network analysis (IPA software) revealed CTNNB1 as most significantly regulated signalling pathway in HPV positive than HPV negative retinoblastoma. The trends in transcriptional change of 9 genes were consistent with those at proteomic level. The Western blot analysis confirmed the expression pattern of RBP3,GFAP and CRABP1. We suggest GFAP,RBP3,CRABP1,CRYAAA,APOA1 and SAG as prospective targets that could further be explored as potential candidates in therapy and may further assist in studying the disease mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE In this study we evaluated tumor tissue specimens from retinoblastoma patients and identified 39 differentially regulated proteins compared to healthy retina. From these, we propose RBP3, CRABP1, GFAP, CRYAA, APOA1 and SAG as promising proteomic signatures that could further be explored as efficient prognostic and therapeutic targets in retinoblastoma. The present study is not only a contribution to the ongoing endeavour for the discovery of proteomic signatures in retinoblastoma, but, may also act as a starting point for future studies aimed at uncovering novel targets for further therapeutic interventions and improving patient outcomes.
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Yuan S, Friedman DL, Daniels AB. Evolution of Chemotherapy Approaches for the Treatment of Intraocular Retinoblastoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2017; 57:117-128. [PMID: 27898618 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Leila S, Ibtissam H, Hafsa E, Abdeljalil M. Extra-ocular retinoblastoma: about 12 cases followed at the Mohamed VI university hospital of Marrakech. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25:131. [PMID: 28292093 PMCID: PMC5326070 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.131.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent childhood intraocular tumor. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical features and management of extra-ocular retinoblastoma in the Mohamed VI university hospital of Marrakech. Retrospective case series, the patient's records were reviewed for patient and tumor features, ocular management, histopathological findings, and patient survival. Over a period of three years, 35 eyes were diagnosed with retinoblastoma; 12 children (16 eyes) (46%) had extra-ocular retinoblastoma. Mean age was 27 months, 60% were males. Six cases had unilateral tumor, five bilateral and one case of trilateral retinoblastoma. There was no positive family history, proptosis was the mean mode of presentation (41,6%) followed by staphyloma (25%) orbital cellulitis (25%) and hyphema(8,3%). The median lag period was 18 months. On imaging and histopathological analysis, there was extrascleral involvement in 41.6%, involvement of orbital part of optic nerve (75%), of orbital muscles (50%) and eyelids in 16.6%. the surgical treatment included according to the degree of extension enucleation (75%) or exenteration (25%) associated to chemotherapy in all cases and one case of external beam radiation. There were 2 cases of orbital recurrence, one death and no metastases at 30 months follow-up.Orbital retinoblastoma still stands as a tall challenge requiring multi-modal and multi-disciplinary approach. Although the survival has increased over the last few years, lack of access to medical facilities, lack of education about the need for early medical attention and cultural resistance to enucleation continue to contribute to an epidemic of extra ocular disease at diagnosis in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soltani Leila
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morroco
| | - Hajji Ibtissam
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morroco
| | - Essafi Hafsa
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morroco
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Chemotherapy in Children with Head and Neck Cancers: Perspectives and Review of Current Therapies. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2016; 28:127-38. [PMID: 26614705 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the head and neck in children represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies requiring a variety of treatment modalities. In many instances of childhood head and neck cancers, chemotherapy will be required for treatment, often in conjunction with surgery and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy in children with head and neck cancers poses unique challenges in terms of immediate as well as long-term toxicities. This article focuses on the common chemotherapeutic agents, with a particular focus on early and late effects, used in the treatment of children with head and neck cancers.
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Garcia JR, Gombos DS, Prospero CM, Ganapathy A, Penland RL, Chévez-Barrios P. Expression of Angiogenic Factors in Invasive Retinoblastoma Tumors Is Associated With Increase in Tumor Cells Expressing Stem Cell Marker Sox2. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1531-8. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0262-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context
Progression of retinoblastoma is associated with increased tumor angiogenesis. However, a clear relationship between the expression of angiogenic markers in specific regions of the tumor and tumor progression has not been established. This study investigates the association between angiogenic factors in retinoblastomas with choroidal and/or optic nerve invasion (high-risk/invasive retinoblastoma) and expression of Sox2, a stem cell marker.
Objective
To investigate the association between the expression of angiogenic factors and markers of tumor invasiveness, such as the stem cell marker Sox2, in retinoblastoma tissues.
Design
Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate coexpression of the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), and endoglin (CD105); markers of glial differentiation (vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein); and a neural stem cell marker (Sox2). Expression was assessed in nonneoplastic and neoplastic ocular tissues collected from enucleated eyes of patients with retinoblastoma. During qualitative data interpretation, evaluating pathologists were masked to patient grouping.
Results
Expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in noninvasive (non–high-risk feature) retinoblastoma tumors was lower than in the invasive, or high-risk feature tumors. Moreover, our data indicate that the tumor cells, and not the surrounding stroma, secrete VEGF-A and that angiogenesis is mostly localized to the iris. Finally, our data showed that the expression of the neural stem cell marker Sox2 is associated with eyes with increased VEGF-A expression and tumor invasiveness.
Conclusions
Increased expression of angiogenic factors, with a concomitant increase in expression of the stem cell marker Sox2 observed in retinoblastoma tissues, may partially explain the aggressiveness of these tumors. The complex interaction of angiogenic and stem cell–related pathways in these tumors, especially in high-risk feature retinoblastoma, suggests that targeting tumor cells capable of secreting vasculogenic factors, as well as proangiogenic genes and signaling pathways, may be necessary for development of effective antimetastatic retinoblastoma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R. Garcia
- From Escuela de Biotecnología y Alimentos and Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, México, and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas (Mr Garcia); the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, and Retinoblastoma Center of Houston, Houston, Texas (Dr Gombos); the
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Singh L, Nag TC, Kashyap S. Ultrastructural changes of mitochondria in human retinoblastoma: correlation with tumor differentiation and invasiveness. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5797-803. [PMID: 26434937 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma still represents a challenge for pediatric tumors. Mitochondria have been implicated in tumor progression, cell differentiation, and apoptotic pathways. Electron microscopy allows the study of mitochondrial morphology and it is still debated in human retinoblastoma. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological parameters were recorded in 17 enucleated retinoblastoma specimens. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to study tumor characteristics and the extent of invasion in ocular structures. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the mitochondrial morphology in human retinoblastoma by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). There was a male preponderance in our study. Ages ranged from 2 to 78 months. Histopathological analysis revealed that 15 (88.2 %) tumors were poorly differentiated retinoblastomas. Massive choroidal invasion was the most frequent histopathological high-risk factor among the others. Histopathological high-risk factors were found in 7/17 (41.1 %) cases. Tumor samples of all patients were examined by means of TEM. All cases showed tumor cells with high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Poorly differentiated retinoblastoma cases showed fewer mitochondria, scant cytoplasm, disorganized organelles (mitochondria), and necrosis, whereas well-differentiated retinoblastomas had larger number of mitochondria and more organized organelles. However, there was no significant difference in mitochondrial changes between invasive and noninvasive tumors. Our study observed that cristolysis and swollen mitochondria were more frequent in retinoblastoma tumors. Understanding the structural and functional characteristics of mitochondria in retinoblastoma might be essential for the design of future therapeutic strategies. The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Khosravi A, Shahrabi S, Shahjahani M, Saki N. The bone marrow metastasis niche in retinoblastoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:253-63. [PMID: 26063518 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a progressive cancer which mainly occurs in children, and which is caused by different genetic or epigenetic alterations that lead to inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene. Hereditary and non-hereditary forms of Rb do exist, and the hereditary form is associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies. Metastasis to distant organs is a critical feature of many tumors, and may be caused by various molecular alterations at different stages. Recognition of these alterations and, thus, insight into the processes underlying the development of metastases may result in novel preventive as well as effective targeted treatment options. Rb is associated with metastases to various organs and tissues, including the bone marrow (BM). METHODS Here, we provide an overview of mutations and other molecular changes known to be involved in Rb development and metastasis to the BM. This overview is based on a literature search ranging from 1990 to 2015. CONCLUSIONS The various BM metastasis-related molecular changes identified to date may be instrumental for a better diagnosis, prognosis and classification of Rb patients, as well as for the development of novel comprehensive (targeted) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khosravi
- Department of Hematology, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghassemi F, Khodabande A. Risk definition and management strategies in retinoblastoma: current perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:985-94. [PMID: 26089630 PMCID: PMC4467752 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s59828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript focuses on high-risk factors of metastatic disease in retinoblastoma and evaluation of the current treatments of retinoblastoma. Presence of histopathologic high-risk factors is associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and systemic metastasis. Currently, globe-sparing therapies, including systemic chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemoreduction, intravitreal chemotherapy, focal consolidation, and combination therapies, are being used and investigated actively. Major advances are being made in the diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma that will lead to improved morbidity and mortality rates in patients with retinoblastoma. By saving the globes, fronting with some high-risk factors for metastasis would be inevitable. International multi-institutional prospective studies could resolve current uncertainties regarding the main tumor treatment regimens for each patient and indications for chemoprophylaxis for high-risk-factor-bearing retinoblastoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ghassemi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran Province, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Khodabande
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran Province, Islamic Republic of Iran
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ElZomor H, Taha H, Aleieldin A, Nour R, Zaghloul MS, Fawzi M, Kamel A, Alfaar AS. High Risk Retinoblastoma: Prevalence and Success of Treatment in Developing Countries. Ophthalmic Genet 2015; 36:287-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1016241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mendoza PR, Specht CS, Hubbard GB, Wells JR, Lynn MJ, Zhang Q, Kong J, Grossniklaus HE. Histopathologic grading of anaplasia in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:764-76. [PMID: 25528954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the degree of tumor anaplasia has prognostic value by evaluating its correlation with high-risk histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in a series of retinoblastoma patients. DESIGN Retrospective clinicopathologic study. METHODS The clinical and pathologic findings in 266 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma were reviewed. The histologic degree of anaplasia was graded as retinocytoma, mild, moderate, or severe as defined by increasing cellular pleomorphism, number of mitoses, nuclear size, and nuclear hyperchromatism. Nuclear morphometric characteristics were measured. The clinical and pathologic data of 125 patients were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival. Fisher exact test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the association between anaplasia grade and high-risk histologic features. RESULTS Increasing grade of anaplasia was associated with decreased overall survival (P = .003) and increased risk of metastasis (P = .0007). Histopathologic features that were associated with anaplasia included optic nerve invasion (P < .0001), choroidal invasion (P < .0001), and anterior segment invasion (P = .04). Multivariate analysis considering high-risk histopathology and anaplasia grading as predictors of distant metastasis and death showed that high-risk histopathology was statistically significant as an independent predictor (P = .01 for metastasis, P = .03 for death) but anaplasia was not (P = .63 for metastasis, P = .30 for death). In the absence of high-risk features, however, severe anaplasia identified an additional risk for metastasis (P = .0004) and death (P = .01). CONCLUSION Grading of anaplasia may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria in identifying retinoblastoma patients who do not have high-risk histologic features but still have an increased risk of metastasis and may need adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia R Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles S Specht
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - G Baker Hubbard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jill R Wells
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael J Lynn
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ohba S, Tanizawa A, Yoshimura H, Matsuda S, Imamura Y, Sano K. A case of retinoblastoma metastasizing to the mandible and review of literature. Cranio 2015; 34:133-8. [PMID: 25630485 DOI: 10.1179/2151090314y.0000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this case report and review was to determine the characteristics of retinoblastoma. METHODS One case report was introduced along with previous reports on retinoblastoma metastasizing to the mandible. RESULTS Sixteen cases from 14 reports were included in this study. Including the present case, 11 of 16 patients died within 8 months. DISCUSSION Retinoblastoma rarely metastasizes to the mandible. However, metastasis to other organs should be considered, and specialists should be consulted if retinoblastoma metastasis to the mandible is observed. Moreover, it is necessary to follow up patients after multidisciplinary therapy is completed, because subsequent complications of the teeth and jawbones associated with therapy could occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Ohba
- a Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanizawa
- b Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshimura
- a Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Japan
| | - Shinpei Matsuda
- a Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Sano
- a Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Fukui , Japan
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Singh L, Pushker N, Sen S, Singh MK, Bakhshi S, Chawla B, Kashyap S. Expression of CDC25A and CDC25B phosphatase proteins in human retinoblastoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:457-63. [PMID: 25326518 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC25 proteins play a pivotal role in controlling cell proliferation during development and tumorigenesis. The aim of the study is to elucidate the role of CDC25A and CDC25B proteins in retinoblastoma and their association with the clinical and histopathological parameters. METHODS One hundred and nine prospective cases of primary enucleated retinoblastomas were included in the present study. Expression of CDC25A and CDC25B proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and mRNA expression by reverse-transcriptase PCR. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed CDC25A expression in (57/109) 52.29%, whereas CDC25B expressed in (69/109) 63.30% cases. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity results on representative cases. mRNA expression of CDC25A and CDC25B was found in 29/60 (48.33%) and 35/60 (58.33%) cases, respectively. Expression of CDC25A and CDC25B showed significant correlation with poor tumour differentiation and tumour invasion (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the overall survival of patients with CDC25B expression (p=0.0270). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that expression of CDC25B may be used as a potential prognostic marker in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma. These findings demonstrate an important role of CDC25 phosphatase proteins and inhibition of these proteins may have therapeutic potential in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mithalesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singh L, Pushker N, Saini N, Sen S, Sharma A, Bakhshi S, Chawla B, Kashyap S. Expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in human retinoblastoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 43:259-67. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit; Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology; New Delhi India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Ocular Microbiology; Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology; IRCH; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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Chebbi A, Bouguila H, Boussaid S, Ben Aleya N, Zgholi H, Malek I, Zeghal I, Nacef L. Le profil clinique du rétinoblastome en Tunisie. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37:442-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The American Brachytherapy Society consensus guidelines for plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanoma and retinoblastoma. Brachytherapy 2013; 13:1-14. [PMID: 24373763 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) guidelines for plaque brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma and retinoblastoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS An international multicenter Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) was assembled to include 47 radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and ophthalmic oncologists from 10 countries. The ABS-OOTF produced collaborative guidelines, based on their eye cancer-specific clinical experience and knowledge of the literature. This work was reviewed and approved by the ABS Board of Directors as well as within the journal's peer-reivew process. RESULTS The ABS-OOTF reached consensus that ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy is best performed in subspecialty brachytherapy centers. Quality assurance, methods of plaque construction, and dosimetry should be consistent with the 2012 joint guidelines of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine and ABS. Implantation of plaque sources should be performed by subspecialty-trained surgeons. Although there exist select restrictions related to tumor size and location, the ABS-OOTF agreed that most melanomas of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid could be treated with plaque brachytherapy. The ABS-OOTF reached consensus that tumors with gross orbital extension and blind painful eyes and those with no light perception vision are unsuitable for brachytherapy. In contrast, only select retinoblastomas are eligible for plaque brachytherapy. Prescription doses, dose rates, treatment durations, and clinical methods are described. CONCLUSIONS Plaque brachytherapy is an effective eye and vision-sparing method to treat patients with intraocular tumors. Practitioners are encouraged to use ABS-OOTF guidelines to enhance their practice.
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Establishment of the relationship between tumor size and range of histological involvement to evaluate the rationality of current retinoblastoma management. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80484. [PMID: 24312226 PMCID: PMC3842917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether tumor size correlates with histopathological involvement and hence evaluate the rationality of conservative treatment for retinoblastoma. Methods We retrospectively studied 221 patients (221 eyes) treated for retinoblastoma with enucleation in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China, from October 1995 to December 2004. Histopathological data included involvement of the anterior chamber, sclera, choroids, and optic nerve. Tumor size was measured by B-ultrasound examination. Results Tumor invasion of the optic nerve correlated with the Reese-Ellsworth (R-E) staging system and the International Classification for Retinoblastoma (ICRB): optic nerve involvement was significantly more frequent in R-E stage V (P = 0.009) and ICRB Group E (P = 0.002) cases. However, 19.1% of patients with R-E stage I, II and III, and 16.7% of patients with ICRB Group B and C disease showed histopathological involvement of the postlaminar optic nerve. Extraocular involvement was observed in 17.7% of tumors ≤15 mm in diameter. Tumors >15 mm in diameter showed greater extraocular involvement, including the optic nerve (P = 0.000) and sclera (P = 0.032), than tumors ≤15 mm in diameter. Postlaminar optic nerve invasion was observed in 19.6% of tumors ≤10 mm in thickness. Tumors >10 mm in thickness had sclera involvement more frequently than tumors ≤10 mm in thickness (P = 0.029). Postlaminar optic nerve invasion was noted in 17.1% of patients with tumors ≤15 mm in diameter and ≤10 mm in thickness. Conclusions Medium-sized retinoblastomas frequently invade outside the globe. Thus, indications for conservative treatment need improvement.
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Sethi S, Pushker N, Kashyap S, Sharma S, Mehta M, Bakhshi S, Khurana S, Ghose S. Extraocular retinoblastoma in Indian children: clinical, imaging and histopathological features. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:481-6. [PMID: 23991383 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM TO STUDY EYES WITH EXTRAOCULAR DISSEMINATION (EORB), WITH THE FOLLOWING AIMS: first to establish the mean lag period and to understand various reasons for delayed presentation, second to study their imaging profiles and third to analyze histopathological features of eyes enucleated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Prospective study of clinical and imaging features of EORBs (stage III and IV International Retinoblastoma Staging System) presenting to a tertiary eye care centre. Histopathological features of eyes enucleated after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. A pictorial illustration of the varied imaging profile of EORB was also presented. RESULTS Over a period of one year, 97 eyes were diagnosed with retinoblastoma; 32 children (36 eyes) (37.1%) had EORB. Mean age 3.6±1.9 years, 71.9% males, 71.9% unilateral, 3.1% with positive family history and 40.6% with metastasis. On imaging, there was extrascleral involvement in 22.2%, involvement of orbital part of optic nerve in 33.3%, involvement of central nervous system in 27.8% and orbital wall involvement in 2.9% eyes. On histopathological analysis of eyes enucleated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 25.0% had no residual viable tumour tissue and rest all tumours were poorly differentiated. CONCLUSION There are very few human malignancies where definitive treatment is started without any confirmed histopathological diagnosis and imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and appropriate staging of the disease. Chemotherapy has a variable effect on EORB, 75.0% of eyes with EORB had residual viable tumour tissue when enucleated after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Sethi
- Oculoplasty and Pediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ali MJ, Honavar SG, Reddy VA. Distant metastatic retinoblastoma without central nervous system involvement. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 61:357-9. [PMID: 23548316 PMCID: PMC3759110 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.97077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births. Metastatic retinoblastoma is rare in developed countries, with a reported range from 4.8% in the United States to 5.8% in the United Kingdom. However, the frequency reported from developing countries varies from 9 to 11% at presentation. The mortality is very high owing to late presentations, delayed diagnosis compounded by socio-economic factors. The management of metastatic retinoblastoma is evolving, but it is still a challenge in pediatric oncology. We present a case of an extensive skeletal metastasis that initially presented as a massive orbital retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ali
- Ocular Oncology Service, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh G. Honavar
- Ocular Oncology Service, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Rauschecker AM, Patel CV, Yeom KW, Eisenhut CA, Gawande RS, O'Brien JM, Ebrahimi KB, Daldrup-Link HE. High-resolution MR imaging of the orbit in patients with retinoblastoma. Radiographics 2013; 32:1307-26. [PMID: 22977020 DOI: 10.1148/rg.325115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular childhood malignancy, with a prevalence of one in 18,000 children younger than 5 years old in the United States. In 80% of patients, retinoblastoma is diagnosed before the age of three, and in 95% of patients, retinoblastoma is diagnosed before the age of five. Although reports exist of retinoblastoma in adults, onset beyond 6 years of age is rare. Broadly, retinoblastoma may be classified into two groups: sporadic and heritable. In either case, the origin of the tumor is a biallelic mutation in primitive neuroepithelial cells. Although their details vary, several staging schemes are used to describe the extent of retinoblastoma according to the following four general criteria: intraocular location, extraocular (extraorbital) location, central nervous system disease, and systemic metastases. In the past decade, substantial changes have taken place in terms of staging and monitoring treatment in patients with retinoblastoma. Diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma involve a multidisciplinary approach, for which imaging is a vital component. Increasing awareness and concerns about the effects of radiation in patients with retinoblastoma have led to a shift away from external-beam radiation therapy and toward chemotherapy and locoregional treatment, as well as the establishment of magnetic resonance imaging as the most important imaging modality for diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1614, USA
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