1
|
Babai A, Irving M. Orofacial Clefts: Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1603. [PMID: 37628654 PMCID: PMC10454293 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefting is considered one of the commonest birth defects worldwide. It presents as cleft lip only, isolated cleft palate or cleft lip and palate. The condition has a diverse genetic background influenced by gene-gene and gene-environment interaction, resulting in two main types, syndromic and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Orofacial clefts lead to significant physiological difficulties that affect feeding, speech and language development and other developmental aspects, which results in an increased social and financial burden on the affected individuals and their families. The management of cleft lip and palate is solely based on following a multidisciplinary team approach. In this narrative review article, we briefly summarize the different genetic causes of orofacial clefts and discuss some of the common syndromes and the approach to the management of orofacial clefts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Babai
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trinh MV, Lee JG, Ferrone PJ. Stickler and Wagner Syndrome in African Americans. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:97-101. [PMID: 36780631 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20221118-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stickler (STL) and Wagner (WGN) syndromes are rare inherited vitreoretinopathies associated with retinal detachments (RD). There is a paucity of case reports describing these diseases in African American patients. METHODS An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review of African American patients with genetically proven ocular-only STL or WGN was performed, and 6 patients were identified. RESULTS Three patients had a COL2A1 mutation, two had a COL11A1 mutation, and one had a VCAN mutation. None had Pierre Robin facies. All were myopes with lattice degeneration and five had RD. Three underwent RD repair with vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckle (SB), endolaser (EL), and silicone oil (SO). Two received laser retinopexy for localized RD and one received a prophylactic SB with 360° peripheral laser retinopexy. CONCLUSION STL and WGN should be considered in myopic African American patients with lattice degeneration, giant retinal tears, abnormal vitreous, or spontaneous RD. Prophylactic laser treatment and aggressive surgical treatment of RD should be considered. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:97-101.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Arepalli S, DeBenedictis MM, Yuan A, Traboulsi EI. Severe retinal complications in Knobloch Syndrome - Three siblings without clinically apparent occipital defects and a review of the literature. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:1-9. [PMID: 35387550 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2028297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knobloch syndrome results from recessive mutations in COL18A1 and is characterized by retinopathy and occipital scalp, brain and skull defects. METHODS AND MATERIALS We report three siblings, born to consanguineous parents, two of whom with genetically confirmed Knobloch syndrome due to a homozygous pathogenic variant c.4054_4055del; p.Leu1352Valfs*72 in COL18A1. RESULTS With the lack of classic occipital findings, an initial diagnosis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy was entertained in these siblings because of the history of retinal detachments, retinal pigmentary changes and abnormal vitreous. The diagnosis of Knobloch syndrome was eventually made through molecular genetic testing using an extensive panel. In one patient presenting with acute retinal detachment and posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens implant, reattachment surgery was successful in stabilizing vision. CONCLUSION The clinical diagnosis of Knobloch syndrome can be difficult to reach in the absence of the typical occipital scalp defects. A careful medical history, detailed clinical examination and molecular genetic testing will reveal the correct diagnosis of Knobloch syndrome in atypical cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Arepalli
- Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Tennessee Retina Associates, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Alex Yuan
- Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elias I Traboulsi
- Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xerri O, Bernabei F, Philippakis E, Burin-Des-Roziers C, Barale PO, Laplace O, Monin C, Bremond-Gignac D, Guerrier G, Valleix S, Brezin A, Rothschild PR. Choroidal and peripapillary changes in high myopic eyes with Stickler syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33397304 PMCID: PMC7784261 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare different clinical and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) features of high myopic eyes with Stickler syndrome (STL) with matched controls. Methods Patients with genetically confirmed STL with axial length ≥ 26 mm and controls matched for axial length were included. The following data were obtained from SD-OCT scans and fundus photography: choroidal and retinal thickness (respectively, CT and RT), peripapillary atrophy area (PAA), presence of posterior staphyloma (PS). Results Twenty-six eyes of 17 patients with STL and 25 eyes of 19 controls were evaluated. Compared with controls, patients with STL showed a greater CT subfoveally, at 1000 μm from the fovea at both nasal and temporal location, and at 2000 and 3000 μm from the fovea in nasal location (respectively, 188.7±72.8 vs 126.0±88.7 μm, 172.5±77.7 vs 119.3±80.6 μm, 190.1±71.9 vs 134.9±79.7 μm, 141.3±56.0 vs 98.1±68.5 μm, and 110.9±51.0 vs 67.6±50.7 μm, always P< 0.05). Furthermore, patients with STL showed a lower prevalence of PS (11.5% vs 68%, P< 0.001) and a lower PAA (2.2±2.1 vs 5.4±5.8 mm2, P=0.03), compared with controls. Conclusions This study shows that high myopic patients with STL show a greater CT, a lower PAA and a lower prevalence of PS, compared with controls matched for axial length. These findings could be relevant for the development and progression of myopic maculopathy in patients with STL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Xerri
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Federico Bernabei
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Elise Philippakis
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Burin-Des-Roziers
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMR_1138, F-75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Laplace
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - Claire Monin
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMR_1138, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Guerrier
- Anaesthetic and Intensive Care Department, Hôpital Cochin, Paris Descartes university, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Valleix
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMR_1138, F-75006, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, AP-HP; Inserm, U_1163, Institut IMAGINE, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Brezin
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMR_1138, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Ophtalmopôle de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMR_1138, F-75006, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boothe M, Morris R, Robin N. Stickler Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Manifestations and the Genetics Evaluation. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030105. [PMID: 32867104 PMCID: PMC7564399 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stickler Syndrome (SS) is a multisystem collagenopathy frequently encountered by ophthalmologists due to the high rate of ocular complications. Affected individuals are at significantly increased risk for retinal detachment and blindness, and early detection and diagnosis are critical in improving visual outcomes for these patients. Systemic findings are also common, with craniofacial, skeletal, and auditory systems often involved. SS is genotypically and phenotypically heterogenous, which can make recognizing and correctly diagnosing individuals difficult. Molecular genetic testing should be considered in all individuals with suspected SS, as diagnosis not only assists in treatment and management of the patient but may also help identify other at-risk family members. Here we review common clinical manifestation of SS and genetic tests frequently ordered as part of the SS evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Boothe
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Robert Morris
- Retina Specialists of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Nathaniel Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Acón D, Hussain RM, Yannuzzi NA, Berrocal AM. Complex Combined Tractional and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Twenty-Three-Year-Old Male With Wagner Syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2020; 51:467-471. [PMID: 32818279 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20200804-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wagner syndrome is a rare hereditary vitreoretinopathy that has been reported in only about 300 people worldwide. It is caused by a mutation in the VCAN gene that encodes for the proteoglycan versican, which is a major component of the extracellular matrix of the vitreous gel; retinal detachment is uncommon in these cases. The authors report a case of a 23-year-old male who presented with bilateral combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51:467-471.].
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Gao F, Hu F, Li J, Zhang S, Xu P, Chang Q, Jiang R, Wu J. Next-generation sequencing-aided precise diagnosis of Stickler syndrome type I. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e440-e446. [PMID: 31736238 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore an early, rapid and precise diagnosis of Stickler syndrome type I (STL1) and to enrich the spectrum of COL2A1 mutations in the Chinese population, which is poorly studied at present. METHODS In the current study, we analysed 115 patients with high myopia by next-generation sequencing and identified five STL1 patients from four unrelated Chinese families. The clinical features of all patients were reviewed in detail. RESULTS Four variants of COL2A1 were identified, including two novel variants (c.1435delG and c.184delG) and two previously reported variants (c.1221+1G>A and c.1030C>T). Three variants caused premature termination codons which were common in STL1. In addition, we proposed a new diagnostic tactic to improve early diagnostics of STL1 in patients. CONCLUSION In this study, our findings expanded the spectrum of COL2A1 mutations with two novel variants and provided a new diagnostic tactic for reference, which was of great significance. Precise diagnosis on the basis of clinical manifestations and genetic testing will become the gold standard to diagnose inherited ocular disorders or syndromes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Dan Wang
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Feng‐Juan Gao
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Fang‐Yuan Hu
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | | | - Sheng‐Hai Zhang
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Ping Xu
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Qing Chang
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| | - Ji‐Hong Wu
- Eye Institute Eye and ENT Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences National Health Commission Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun W, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Zhang Q. A novel deep intronic COL2A1 mutation in a family with early-onset high myopia/ocular-only Stickler syndrome. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 40:281-288. [PMID: 32196734 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the genetic defect causing early-onset high myopia (eoHM)/ocular-only Stickler syndrome (ocular-STL) in a large Chinese family. METHODS Genomic DNA and clinical data from a four-generation family with eoHM/ocular-STL were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on one affected member in initial screening. Linkage scan based on microsatellite markers was carried out initially from candidate loci associated with autosomal dominant eoHM and Stickler syndrome. Sanger sequencing was used to detect potential variants. The pathogenicity of candidate variants was evaluated using mini genes ex vivo. RESULTS Eight patients and five unaffected members in the family participated in the study, in which the patients had high myopia with other variable ocular phenotypes but without extraocular abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing did not detect any potential pathogenic variant in all genes known to associate with the disease. The eoHM/ocular-STL in the family was mapped to markers around COL2A1 by candidate loci linkage scan, with a maximum lod score of 3.31 for D12S1590 at θ = 0. A novel deep intronic variant, c.86-50C > G in intron 1 of COL2A1, was detected by Sanger sequencing and co-segregated with eoHM/ocular-STL in the family. Ex vivo splicing test using mini genes confirmed that the variant created a new splicing acceptor 49 bp before the canonical splicing site of exon 2, resulted in addition of 49 bp fragment in the transcript (from c.86-49 to c.86-1) and premature termination. CONCLUSIONS Linkage study, bioinformatics prediction, and ex vivo transcript analysis suggest a novel deep intronic variant adjacent to 5-prime of exon 2 of COL2A1, affecting exon 2 splicing, as a potential cause of ocular-STL in a large family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an intronic variant around exon 2 as a cause of ocular-STL while a series of variants in the coding region of exon 2, a dispensable alternative-splicing exon for extraocular tissues, in COL2A1 have been reported to cause Stickler syndrome-related ocular phenotype alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balikova I, Sanak NS, Fanny D, Smits G, Soblet J, de Baere E, Cordonnier M. Three cases of molecularly confirmed Knobloch syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:83-87. [PMID: 32178553 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1737948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Knobloch syndrome (OMIM 267750) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to genetic defects in the COL18A1 gene. The triad of high myopia, occipital defect, vitreoretinal degeneration has been described as pathognomonic for this condition. Patients with Knobloch syndrome have also extraocular problems as brain and kidney malformations. High genetic and phenotypic variation has been reported in the affected patients.Materials and Methods: Here we provide detailed clinical description of 3 individuals with Knobloch syndrome. Ocular examination and fundus imaging have been performed. Detailed information about systemic conditions has been provided.Results: Mutations in COL18A1 were identified in all three patients. Patient 1 had congenital hip dislocation and patient 2 had renal atrophy, cardiac insufficiency and difficult skin healing.Conclusions: With this report we add to the clinical and genetic knowledge of this rare condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuri Serdal Sanak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Depasse Fanny
- Ophthalmology Service, University Hospital Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elfride de Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monique Cordonnier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang DD, Gao FJ, Hu FY, Zhang SH, Xu P, Wu JH. Mutation Spectrum of Stickler Syndrome Type I and Genotype-phenotype Analysis in East Asian Population: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:27. [PMID: 32039712 PMCID: PMC7008542 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Stickler syndrome is the most common genetic cause of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children, and has a high risk of blindness. Type I (STL1) is the most common subtype, caused by COL2A1 mutations. This study aims to analyze the mutation spectrum of COL2A1 and further elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationships in the East Asian populations with STL1, which is poorly studied at present.
Methods
By searching MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, HGMD and Clinvar, all publications associated with STL1 were collected. Then, they were carefully screened to obtain all reported STL1-related variants in COL2A1 and clinical features in East Asian patients with STL1.
Results
There were 274 COL2A1 variants identified in 999 patients with STL1 from 466 unrelated families, and more than half of them were truncation mutations. Of the 107 STL1 patients reported in the East Asian population, it was found that patients with truncation mutations had milder systemic phenotypes, whereas patients with splicing mutations had severer phenotypes. In addition, several recurrent variants (c.3106C > T, c.1833 + 1G > A, c.2710C > T and c.1693C > T) were found.
Conclusions
Genotype-phenotype correlations should certainly be studied carefully, contributed to making personalized follow-up plans and predicting prognosis of this disorder. Genome editing holds great potential for treating inherited diseases caused by pathogenic mutations. In this study, several recurrent variants were found, providing potential candidate targets for genetic manipulation in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gutierrez M, Rodriguez JL, Zamora‐de La Cruz D, Flores Pimentel MA, Jimenez‐Corona A, Novak LC, Cano Hidalgo R, Graue F. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy for giant retinal tear. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 12:CD012646. [PMID: 31840810 PMCID: PMC6913240 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012646.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A giant retinal tear (GRT) is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal break extending for 90° or more in the presence of a posterior vitreous detachment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy alone for eyes with giant retinal tear. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 8), which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; Ovid MEDLINE; Embase.com; PubMed; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS); ClinicalTrials.gov; and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We did not use any date or language restrictions in our electronic search. We last searched the electronic databases on 16 August 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy alone for giant retinal tear regardless of age, gender, lens status (e.g. phakic or pseudophakic eyes) of the affected eye(s), or etiology of GRT among participants enrolled in these trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed titles and abstracts, then full-text articles, using Covidence. Any differences in classification between the two review authors were resolved through discussion. Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias of included trials. MAIN RESULTS We found two RCTs in abstract format (105 participants randomized). Neither RCT was published in full. Based on the data presented in the abstracts, scleral buckling might be beneficial (relative risk of re-attachement ranged from 3.0 to 4.4), but the findings are inconclusive due to a lack of peer reviewed publication and insufficient information for assessing risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no conclusive evidence from RCTs on which to base clinical recommendations for scleral buckle combined with pars plana vitrectomy for giant retinal tear. RCTs are clearly needed to address this evidence gap. Such trials should be randomized, and patients should be classified by giant retinal tear characteristics (extension (90º, 90º to 180º, > 180º), location (oral, anterior, posterior to equator)), proliferative vitreoretinopathy stage, and endotamponade. Analysis should include both short-term (three months and six months) and long-term (one year to two years) outcomes for primary retinal reattachment, mean change in best corrected visual acuity, study eyes that required second surgery for retinal reattachment, and adverse events such as elevation of intraocular pressure above 21 mmHg, choroidal detachment, cystoid macular edema, macular pucker, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and progression of cataract in initially phakic eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gutierrez
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaRetina and Vitreous DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 ObreraMexico CityD.F.Mexico6800
| | - Jose L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaRetina and Vitreous DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 ObreraMexico CityD.F.Mexico6800
| | - Diego Zamora‐de La Cruz
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaAnterior Segment DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 col obrera del cuauhtemocMexico CityD.F.Mexico6800 TA
| | | | - Aida Jimenez‐Corona
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaOcular Epidemiology and Visual Sciences DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 Col Obrera del CuauhtemocMexico CityMexico06800
| | | | - Rene Cano Hidalgo
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaRetina and Vitreous DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 ObreraMexico CityD.F.Mexico6800
| | - Federico Graue
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de ValencianaRetina and Vitreous DepartmentChimalpopoca 14 ObreraMexico CityD.F.Mexico6800
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su C, Zhao J, Hong X, Yang S, Jiang Y, Hou J. Microarray‑based analysis of COL11A1 and TWIST1 as important differentially‑expressed pathogenic genes between left and right‑sided colon cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4202-4214. [PMID: 31545476 PMCID: PMC6797952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonic cancer has become a main reason of mortality associated with cancer; however, left and right-sided colonic cancer have diverse outcomes in terms of epidemiological, histological, clinical parameters and prognosis. We aimed to examine the discrepancies between these two types of colon cancers to identify potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, three gene expression profiles (GSE44076, GSE31595, GSE26906) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded and further analyzed. A PPI (protein-protein interaction) network of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) of GSE44076 between tumor and normal was established with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. Then, the DEGs of these two colon cancers (left, right) samples were identified. Subsequently, the intersection of DEGs of left and right-sided colon cancer samples obtained from three databases, and DEGs of tumor and normal samples were analyzed. Collagen type XI α1 chain (COL11A1), Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), insulin-like 5 and chromogranin A were upregulated proteins, while 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was downregulated protein in right colon cancer than in left-sided tumor samples. Through further experimental verification, we revealed that COL11A1 and TWIST1 were significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels within right-sided colon cancer compared with in left-sided colon cancer samples (P<0.05), consistent with bioinformatical analysis. Furthermore, a positive correlation between COL11A1 and TWIST1 protein expression was observed (P<0.0276). Collectively, our data showed that COL11A1 and TWIST1 may be potential prognostic indicators and molecular targets for the treatment of right-sided colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xinya Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Sijiu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Savarirayan R, Bompadre V, Bober MB, Cho TJ, Goldberg MJ, Hoover-Fong J, Irving M, Kamps SE, Mackenzie WG, Raggio C, Spencer SS, White KK. Best practice guidelines regarding diagnosis and management of patients with type II collagen disorders. Genet Med 2019; 21:2070-2080. [PMID: 30696995 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal dysplasias comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of development, growth, and maintenance of the human skeleton. Because of their relative rarity and wide phenotypic variability, patients should be accurately identified, uniformly assessed, and managed by clinicians who are aware of their potential complications and possess the knowledge and resources to treat them effectively. This study presents expert guidelines developed to improve the diagnosis and management of patients with type II collagen skeletal disorders to optimize clinical outcomes. METHODS A panel of 11 multidisciplinary international experts in the field of skeletal dysplasia participated in a Delphi process, which comprised analysis of a thorough literature review with subsequent generation of 26 diagnosis and care recommendations, followed by two rounds of anonymous voting with an intervening face-to-face meeting. Those recommendations with more than 80% agreement were considered as consensual. RESULTS After the first voting round, consensus was reached to support 12 of 26 (46%) statements. After the panel discussion, the group reached consensus on 22 of 24 revised statements (92%). CONCLUSIONS Consensus-based, expert best practice guidelines developed as a standard of care to assist accurate diagnosis, minimize associated health risks, and improve clinical outcomes for patients with type II collagen skeletal dysplasias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Viviana Bompadre
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Genetics, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael J Goldberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas NHS, London, UK
| | - Shawn E Kamps
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William G Mackenzie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Cathleen Raggio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha S Spencer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klane K White
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ankala A, Jain N, Hubbard B, Alexander JJ, Shankar SP. Is exon 8 the most critical or the only dispensable exon of the VCAN gene? Insights into VCAN variants and clinical spectrum of Wagner syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1778-1783. [PMID: 30055036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wagner syndrome and erosive vitreoretinopathy together constitute the phenotypic continuum of an autosomal dominant vitreoretinopathy, with clinical findings typically isolated to the eye. The disease is caused by pathogenic variants in the VCAN gene and all such variants reported to date are those that plausibly result in haploinsufficiency of exon 8 containing vcan transcripts. Here, we report the molecular findings and long-term follow-up of a 16-year-old female with a history of retinal detachments and pigmentary retinal changes. Next-generation sequencing and microarray analysis of 141 genes established a diagnosis of Wagner syndrome in this individual, by detection of an 11.7 kilobase (kb) deletion encompassing exon 8 of VCAN. In light of the emerging functions and roles of versican protein in human disease, we discuss how variants within exon 8 of the VCAN gene can be compared to those in exon 2 of the COL2A1 gene that cause atypical Stickler syndrome and propose that variants in other regions of the gene can be expected to present with a more systemic disease. The distinctive facial features and atypical gastrointestinal symptoms observed in this long-term follow-up study support the possibility that individuals with VCAN-related vitreoretinopathy may have extra-ocular clinical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunkanth Ankala
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,EGL Genetic Diagnostics, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nieraj Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Baker Hubbard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John J Alexander
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,EGL Genetic Diagnostics, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suma P Shankar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kimura D, Sato T, Oosuka S, Kohmoto R, Fukumoto M, Mimura M, Tajiri K, Kobayashi T, Kida T, Ikeda T. Case Report of a Family Affected by Stickler Syndrome in Which Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Occurred in Five Eyes of Three Siblings. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018; 9:1-8. [PMID: 29643775 PMCID: PMC5892342 DOI: 10.1159/000485551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stickler syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is well known to be highly associated with the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In this study, we report the case of a family affected by Stickler syndrome in which rhegmatogenous retinal detachment developed in 5 eyes of 3 siblings. Case Series For treatment, we performed vitreous surgery on 1 eye of the eldest son, and bilateral scleral buckling surgery on the 2 younger children. A good postoperative outcome was obtained on the 4 eyes that underwent scleral buckling surgery, yet the prognosis was poor on the 1 eye that underwent vitrectomy due to redetachment of the retina and corneal complication. Since vitreous surgery was quite difficult due to strong vitreoretinal adhesion, we created an artificial posterior vitreous detachment via the bimanual technique combined with encircling. For the scleral buckling surgery, broad scleral extrusion was needed to seal multiple retinal breaks. Conclusions The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a single family with Stickler syndrome. In these cases, scleral buckling surgery was effective for treating the detached retina, and some prophylactic treatment, such as laser photocoagulation to prevent the occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, should be considered for such cases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Takaki Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Shou Oosuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Ryohsuke Kohmoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Masashi Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tajiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | | | - Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Foveal hypoplasia is a retinal disorder in which there is a lack of full development of the morphology of the fovea. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional findings are presented in relation to the underlying genetic and developmental conditions. Recent advancements of high-resolution OCT imaging have unveiled characteristics of foveal hypoplasia that were not detected by conventional imaging methods. An absence of a foveal pit does not necessarily imply poor visual acuity, and the maturation of the cone photoreceptors is important for the visual acuity. Regardless of the degree of the development of the inner retinal layers, the visual acuity can be preserved as in diseases such as Stickler syndrome that is a newly identified retinal disorder associated with foveal hypoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Veitia RA, Caburet S, Birchler JA. Mechanisms of Mendelian dominance. Clin Genet 2017; 93:419-428. [PMID: 28755412 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic dominance has long been considered as a qualitative reflection of interallelic interactions. Dominance arises from many multiple sources whose unifying theme is the existence of non-linear relationships between the genotypic and phenotypic values. One of the clearest examples are dominant negative mutations (DNMs) in which a defective subunit poisons a macromolecular complex. Dominance can also be due to the presence of a heterozygous null allele, as is the case of haploinsufficiency. Dominance can also be influenced by epistatic (interloci) interactions. For instance, a pre-existing genetic variant can make possible the expression of a pathogenic variant in a seemingly "dominant" fashion. Such interactions, which can make an individual more or less sensitive to a particular pathogenic variant, will also be discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-UMR 7592, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - S Caburet
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-UMR 7592, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J A Birchler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang D, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Palmer N, McLenachan S, Mackey DA, Chen FK. Inherited Retinal Disease Therapies Targeting Precursor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid. Vision (Basel) 2017; 1:vision1030022. [PMID: 31740647 PMCID: PMC6836112 DOI: 10.3390/vision1030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases are an extremely diverse group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous conditions characterized by variable maturation of retinal development, impairment of photoreceptor cell function and gradual loss of photoreceptor cells and vision. Significant progress has been made over the last two decades in identifying the many genes implicated in inherited retinal diseases and developing novel therapies to address the underlying genetic defects. Approximately one-quarter of exonic mutations related to human inherited diseases are likely to induce aberrant splicing products, providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics that target splicing processes. The feasibility of antisense oligomer mediated splice intervention to treat inherited diseases has been demonstrated in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss therapeutic approaches to treat inherited retinal disease, including strategies to correct splicing and modify exon selection at the level of pre-mRNA. The challenges of clinical translation of this class of emerging therapeutics will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute, 4th Floor A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute, 4th Floor A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute, 4th Floor A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Norman Palmer
- Perron Institute, 4th Floor A Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9381-0817
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Foveal Hypoplasia in Patients with Stickler Syndrome. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
20
|
Gutierrez M, Rodriguez JL, Zamora-De la Cruz D, Flores Pimentel MA, Jimenez-Corona A, Novak LC, Cano Hidalgo R, Graue F. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy for giant retinal tear. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gutierrez
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Retina and Vitreous Department; Chimalpopoca 14 Obrera Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800
| | - Jose L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Retina and Vitreous Department; Chimalpopoca 14 Obrera Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800
| | - Diego Zamora-De la Cruz
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Anterior Segment Department; Chimalpopoca 14 col obrera del cuauhtemoc Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800 TA
| | | | - Aida Jimenez-Corona
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Sciences Department; Chimalpopoca 14 Col Obrera del Cuauhtemoc Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800
| | | | - Rene Cano Hidalgo
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Retina and Vitreous Department; Chimalpopoca 14 Obrera Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800
| | - Federico Graue
- Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Retina and Vitreous Department; Chimalpopoca 14 Obrera Mexico City D.F. Mexico 6800
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tompson SW, Johnson C, Abbott D, Bakall B, Soler V, Yanovitch TL, Whisenhunt KN, Klemm T, Rozen S, Stone EM, Johnson M, Young TL. Reduced penetrance in a large Caucasian pedigree with Stickler syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:43-50. [PMID: 28095098 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1275018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a four-generation Caucasian family variably diagnosed with autosomal dominant (AD) Stickler or Wagner disease, commercial gene screening failed to identify a mutation in COL2A1 or VCAN. We utilized linkage mapping and exome sequencing to identify the causal variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA samples collected from 40 family members were analyzed. A whole-genome linkage scan was performed using Illumina HumanLinkage-24 BeadChip followed by two-point and multipoint linkage analyses using FASTLINK and MERLIN. Exome sequencing was performed on two affected individuals, followed by co-segregation analysis. RESULTS Parametric multipoint linkage analysis using an AD inheritance model demonstrated HLOD scores > 2.00 at chromosomes 1p36.13-1p36.11 and 12q12-12q14.1. SIMWALK multipoint analysis replicated the peak in chromosome 12q (peak LOD = 1.975). FASTLINK two-point analysis highlighted several clustered chromosome 12q SNPs with HLOD > 1.0. Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense mutation (c.115C>T, p.Gln39*) in exon 2 of COL2A1 that is expected to result in nonsense-mediated decay of the RNA transcript. This mutation co-segregated with all clinically affected individuals and seven individuals who were clinically unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The utility of combining traditional linkage mapping and exome sequencing is highlighted to identify gene mutations in large families displaying a Mendelian inheritance of disease. Historically, nonsense mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1 have been reported to cause a fully penetrant ocular-only Stickler phenotype with few or no systemic manifestations. We report a novel nonsense mutation in exon 2 of COL2A1 that displays incomplete penetrance and/or variable age of onset with extraocular manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Tompson
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | | | - Diana Abbott
- c Department of Biostatistics and Informatics , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , Colorado , USA
| | - Benjamin Bakall
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Vincent Soler
- e Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Tammy L Yanovitch
- f Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
| | - Kristina N Whisenhunt
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | - Thomas Klemm
- g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Steve Rozen
- g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Edwin M Stone
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Max Johnson
- b Retina Consultants, Ltd ., Fargo , North Dakota , USA
| | - Terri L Young
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Wisconsin - Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA.,g Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kondo H, Matsushita I, Nagata T, Hayashi T, Kakinoki M, Uchio E, Kondo M, Ohji M, Kusaka S. Novel mutations in the COL2A1 gene in Japanese patients with Stickler syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2016; 3:16018. [PMID: 27408751 PMCID: PMC4935762 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder that affects the eyes, cartilage and articular tissues. The phenotypes of Stickler syndrome include congenital high myopia, retinal detachment, premature joint degeneration, hearing impairment and craniofacial anomalies, such as cleft palate and midline facial hypoplasia. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, and the majority of the cases are caused by mutations in the COL2A1 gene. We examined 40 Japanese patients with Stickler syndrome from 23 families to determine whether they had mutations in the COL2A1 gene. This analysis was conducted by examining each patient’s genomic DNA by Sanger sequencing. Five nonsense, 4 splicing and 8 deletion mutations in the COL2A1 gene were identified, accounting for 21 of the 23 families. Different mutations of the COL2A1 gene were associated with similar phenotypes but with different degrees of expressivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Itsuka Matsushita
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kakinoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Hikone, Japan
| | - Eiichi Uchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mineo Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsu, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science , Hikone, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kinki University, Sakai Hospital , Sakai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shen L, Yang M, Lin Q, Zhang Z, Zhu B, Miao C. COL11A1 is overexpressed in recurrent non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:877-85. [PMID: 27373316 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XI α1 (COL11A1), a minor fibrillar collagen, has been demonstrated to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and the tumorigenesis of many human malignancies. Previous studies have shown that COL11A1 may be a valuable diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, its biological function in NSCLC progression remains largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression levels of COL11A1 in different human NSCLC samples, and found that COL11A1 was overexpressed in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis and in recurrent NSCLC tissues. We also revealed that COL11A1 promoted the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, our results highlighted the importance of COL11A1 in chemoresistance to cisplatin. Mechanistically, we found that the effects of the overexpression of COL11A1 in NSCLC cells were mediated by Smad signaling. Collectively, our findings suggest that COL11A1 may sever as a biomarker for metastatic NSCLC, and can be used to predict recurrence after surgical resection. Therapeutic approaches targeting COL11A1 may facilitate the optimization of cisplatin treatment of NSCLC by overcoming chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qionghua Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng H, Huang X, Yuan L. Molecular genetics of the COL2A1-related disorders. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 768:1-13. [PMID: 27234559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen, comprised of three identical alpha-1(II) chains, is the major collagen synthesized by chondrocytes, and is found in articular cartilage, vitreous humour, inner ear and nucleus pulposus. Mutations in the collagen type II alpha-1 gene (COL2A1) have been reported to be responsible for a series of abnormalities, known as type II collagenopathies. To date, 16 definite disorders, inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern, have been described to be associated with the COL2A1 mutations, and at least 405 mutations ranging from point mutations to complex rearrangements have been reported, though the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Significant clinical heterogeneity has been reported in COL2A1-associated type II collagenopathies. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of known mutations in the COL2A1 gene for these disorders, as well as genetic animal models related to the COL2A1 gene, which may help us understand the nature of complex phenotypes and underlying pathogenesis of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiangjun Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alternative Splicing Shapes the Phenotype of a Mutation in BBS8 To Cause Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1860-70. [PMID: 25776555 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00040-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple systems and organs in the body. Several mutations in genes associated with BBS affect only photoreceptor cells and cause nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP), raising the issue of why certain mutations manifest as a systemic disorder whereas other changes in the same gene affect only a specific cell type. Here, we show that cell-type-specific alternative splicing is responsible for confining the phenotype of the A-to-G substitution in the 3' splice site of BBS8 exon 2A (IVS1-2A>G mutation) in the BBS8 gene to photoreceptor cells. The IVS1-2A>G mutation leads to missplicing of BBS8 exon 2A, producing a frameshift in the BBS8 reading frame and thus eliminating the protein specifically in photoreceptor cells. Cell types other than photoreceptors skip exon 2A from the mature BBS8 transcript, which renders them immune to the mutation. We also show that the splicing of Bbs8 exon 2A in photoreceptors is directed exclusively by redundant splicing enhancers located in the adjacent introns. These intronic sequences are sufficient for photoreceptor-cell-specific splicing of heterologous exons, including an exon with a randomized sequence.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wolber LE, Steves CJ, Tsai PC, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Bell JT, Williams FMK. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in hearing ability: new mechanisms for an old problem. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105729. [PMID: 25184702 PMCID: PMC4153547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has been shown to change over time and may be associated with environmental exposures in common complex traits. Age-related hearing impairment is a complex disorder, known to be heritable, with heritability estimates of 57–70%. Epigenetic regulation might explain the observed difference in age of onset and magnitude of hearing impairment with age. Epigenetic epidemiology studies using unrelated samples can be limited in their ability to detect small effects, and recent epigenetic findings in twins underscore the power of this well matched study design. We investigated the association between venous blood DNA methylation epigenome-wide and hearing ability. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and Illumina HumanMethylation array data were obtained from female twin volunteers enrolled in the TwinsUK register. Two study groups were explored: first, an epigenome-wide association scan (EWAS) was performed in a discovery sample (n = 115 subjects, age range: 47–83 years, Illumina 27 k array), then replication of the top ten associated probes from the discovery EWAS was attempted in a second unrelated sample (n = 203, age range: 41–86 years, Illumina 450 k array). Finally, a set of monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (n = 21 pairs) within the discovery sample (Illumina 27 k array) was investigated in more detail in an MZ discordance analysis. Hearing ability was strongly associated with DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions of several genes, including TCF25 (cg01161216, p = 6.6×10−6), FGFR1 (cg15791248, p = 5.7×10−5) and POLE (cg18877514, p = 6.3×10−5). Replication of these results in a second sample confirmed the presence of differential methylation at TCF25 (p(replication) = 6×10−5) and POLE (p(replication) = 0.016). In the MZ discordance analysis, twins' intrapair difference in hearing ability correlated with DNA methylation differences at ACP6 (cg01377755, r = −0.75, p = 1.2×10−4) and MEF2D (cg08156349, r = −0.75, p = 1.4×10−4). Examination of gene expression in skin, suggests an influence of differential methylation on expression, which may account for the variation in hearing ability with age.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acid Phosphatase/blood
- Acid Phosphatase/genetics
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging/blood
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/pathology
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/blood
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Polymerase II/blood
- DNA Polymerase II/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Genome, Human
- Hearing Loss, Functional/blood
- Hearing Loss, Functional/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Functional/physiopathology
- Humans
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/blood
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/blood
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/blood
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E. Wolber
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Over two decades ago, two isoforms of the type II procollagen gene (COL2A1) were discovered. These isoforms, named IIA and IIB, are generated in a developmentally-regulated manner by alternative splicing of exon 2. Chondroprogenitor cells synthesize predominantly IIA isoforms (containing exon 2) while differentiated chondrocytes produce mainly IIB transcripts (devoid of exon 2). Importantly, this IIA-to-IIB alternative splicing switch occurs only during chondrogenesis. More recently, two other isoforms have been reported (IIC and IID) that also involve splicing of exon 2; these findings highlight the complexities involving regulation of COL2A1 expression. The biological significance of why different isoforms of COL2A1 exist within the context of skeletal development and maintenance is still not completely understood. This review will provide current knowledge on COL2A1 isoform expression during chondrocyte differentiation and what is known about some of the mechanisms that control exon 2 alternative splicing. Utilization of mouse models to address the biological significance of Col2a1 alternative splicing in vivo will also be discussed. From the knowledge acquired to date, some new questions and concepts are now being proposed on the importance of Col2a1 alternative splicing in regulating extracellular matrix assembly and how this may subsequently affect cartilage and endochondral bone quality and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Auxietre TA, Dumontier MF, Balguy I, Frapart Y, Canivenc-Lavier MC, Berges R, Boudalia S, Auger J, Corvol MT, Savouret JF. Sub-NOAEL amounts of vinclozolin and xenoestrogens target rat chondrogenesis in vivo. Biochimie 2014; 99:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
29
|
Shunmugam M, Ang GS, Lois N. Giant retinal tears. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 59:192-216. [PMID: 24138895 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A giant retinal tear (GRT) is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal break that extends circumferentially around the retina for three or more clock hours in the presence of a posteriorly detached vitreous. Its incidence in large population-based studies has been estimated as 1.5% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, with a significant male preponderance, and bilaterality in 12.8%. Most GRTs are idiopathic, with trauma, hereditary vitreoretinopathies and high myopia each being causative in decreasing frequency. The vast majority of GRTs are currently managed with a pars plana vitrectomy; the use of adjunctive circumferential scleral buckling is debated, but no studies have shown a clear anatomical or visual advantage with its use. Similarly, silicone oil tamponade does not influence long-term outcomes when compared with gas. Primary and final retinal reattachment rates are achieved in 88% and 95% of patients, respectively. Even when the retina remains attached, however, visual recovery may be limited. Furthermore, fellow eyes of patients with a GRT are at higher risk of developing retinal tears and retinal detachment. Prophylactic treatment under these circumstances may be considered but there is no firm evidence of its efficacy at the present time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghee Soon Ang
- The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Noemi Lois
- Centre for Vision and Vascular Science, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Hereditary pediatric cataract on the Arabian Peninsula does not follow the same epidemiological patterns as described for Western populations. This article describes selected genetic causes for inherited pediatric cataract in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif O Khan
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu MM, Zack DJ. Alternative splicing and retinal degeneration. Clin Genet 2013; 84:142-9. [PMID: 23647439 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is highly regulated in tissue-specific and development-specific patterns, and it has been estimated that 15% of disease-causing point mutations affect pre-mRNA splicing. In this review, we consider the cis-acting splice site and trans-acting splicing factor mutations that affect pre-mRNA splicing and contribute to retinal degeneration. Numerous splice site mutations have been identified in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and various cone-rod dystrophies. Mutations in alternatively spliced retina-specific exons of the widely expressed RPGR and COL2A1 genes lead primarily to X-linked RP and ocular variants of Stickler syndrome, respectively. Furthermore, mutations in general pre-mRNA splicing factors, such as PRPF31, PRPF8, and PRPF3, predominantly cause autosomal dominant RP. These findings suggest an important role for pre-mRNA splicing in retinal homeostasis and the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. The development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate aberrant splicing, including small molecule-based therapies, has the potential to lead to new treatments for retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Importance of early diagnosis of Stickler syndrome in newborns. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 65:1029-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Stevenson DA, Vanzo R, Damjanovich K, Hanson H, Muntz H, Hoffman RO, Bayrak-Toydemir P. Mosaicism in Stickler syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:418-22. [PMID: 22522174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a heterogeneous condition due to mutations in COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, and COL9A1. To our knowledge, neither non-penetrance nor mosaicism for COL2A1 mutations has been reported for Stickler syndrome. We report on a family with two clinically affected sibs with Stickler syndrome who have clinically unaffected parents. Both sibs have a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 26 of COL2A1 (c.1525delT); this results in a premature termination codon downstream of the mutation site. One parent was found to have low level mosaicism in DNA extracted from whole blood. This scenario encourages consideration of molecular testing in seemingly unaffected parents for recurrence risks and potential screening for mild age-related manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Stevenson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stickler syndrome, ocular-only variants and a key diagnostic role for the ophthalmologist. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:1389-400. [PMID: 21921955 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The entity described by Gunnar Stickler, which included hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy associated with retinal detachment, has recently been recognised to consist of a number of subgroups, which might now more correctly be referred to as the Stickler syndromes. They are the most common clinical manifestation of the type II/XI collagenopathies and are the most common cause of inherited rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This review article is intended to provide the ophthalmologist with an update on current research, subgroups, and their diagnosis together with a brief overview of allied conditions to be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis. We highlight the recently identified subgroups with a high risk of retinal detachment but with minimal or absent systemic involvement--a particularly important group for the ophthalmologist to identify.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Hereditary disorders of connective tissue: a guide to the emerging differential diagnosis. Genet Med 2010; 12:344-54. [PMID: 20467323 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181e074f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To create a practical desk reference for clinicians focused on the differential diagnosis of individuals presenting with features that suggest an inherited disorder of connective tissue. METHODS We searched the medical literature for distinct clinical entities that shared clinical features with Marfan syndrome and other classical inherited disorders of connective tissue. RESULTS Thirty-six distinct heritable disorders of connective tissue were identified that have overlapping features. These disorders were organized into two matrices according to clinical characteristics and according to causative genes. CONCLUSIONS A broad differential diagnosis is emerging for individuals presenting with features suggestive of altered connective tissue. Recent advances in molecular genetics have aided in the delineation of these disorders.
Collapse
|
38
|
Berger W, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Neidhardt J. The molecular basis of human retinal and vitreoretinal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:335-75. [PMID: 20362068 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last two to three decades, a large body of work has revealed the molecular basis of many human disorders, including retinal and vitreoretinal degenerations and dysfunctions. Although belonging to the group of orphan diseases, they affect probably more than two million people worldwide. Most excitingly, treatment of a particular form of congenital retinal degeneration is now possible. A major advantage for treatment is the unique structure and accessibility of the eye and its different components, including the vitreous and retina. Knowledge of the many different eye diseases affecting retinal structure and function (night and colour blindness, retinitis pigmentosa, cone and cone rod dystrophies, photoreceptor dysfunctions, as well as vitreoretinal traits) is critical for future therapeutic development. We have attempted to present a comprehensive picture of these disorders, including biological, clinical, genetic and molecular information. The structural organization of the review leads the reader through non-syndromic and syndromic forms of (i) rod dominated diseases, (ii) cone dominated diseases, (iii) generalized retinal degenerations and (iv) vitreoretinal disorders, caused by mutations in more than 165 genes. Clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity have an important impact on genetic testing and counselling of affected families. As phenotypes do not always correlate with the respective genotypes, it is of utmost importance that clinicians, geneticists, counsellors, diagnostic laboratories and basic researchers understand the relationships between phenotypic manifestations and specific genes, as well as mutations and pathophysiologic mechanisms. We discuss future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Berger
- Division of Medical Molecular Genetics and Gene Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stickler syndrome caused by COL2A1 mutations: genotype-phenotype correlation in a series of 100 patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:872-80. [PMID: 20179744 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in different collagen genes. The aim of our study was to define more precisely the phenotype and genotype of Stickler syndrome type 1 by investigating a large series of patients with a heterozygous mutation in COL2A1. In 188 probands with the clinical diagnosis of Stickler syndrome, the COL2A1 gene was analyzed by either a mutation scanning technique or bidirectional fluorescent DNA sequencing. The effect of splice site alterations was investigated by analyzing mRNA. Multiplex ligation-dependent amplification analysis was used for the detection of intragenic deletions. We identified 77 different COL2A1 mutations in 100 affected individuals. Analysis of the splice site mutations showed unusual RNA isoforms, most of which contained a premature stop codon. Vitreous anomalies and retinal detachments were found more frequently in patients with a COL2A1 mutation compared with the mutation-negative group (P<0.01). Overall, 20 of 23 sporadic patients with a COL2A1 mutation had either a cleft palate or retinal detachment with vitreous anomalies. The presence of vitreous anomalies, retinal tears or detachments, cleft palate and a positive family history were shown to be good indicators for a COL2A1 defect. In conclusion, we confirm that Stickler syndrome type 1 is predominantly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the COL2A1 gene as >90% of the mutations were predicted to result in nonsense-mediated decay. On the basis of binary regression analysis, we developed a scoring system that may be useful when evaluating patients with Stickler syndrome.
Collapse
|
40
|
MicroRNAs and epigenetic regulation in the mammalian inner ear: implications for deafness. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:581-603. [PMID: 19876605 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-009-9230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder in humans and derives, in most cases, from inner-ear defects or degeneration of the cochlear sensory neuroepithelial hair cells. Genetic factors make a significant contribution to hearing impairment. While mutations in 51 genes have been associated with hereditary sensorineural nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in humans, the responsible mutations in many other chromosomal loci linked with NSHL have not been identified yet. Recently, mutations in a noncoding microRNA (miRNA) gene, MIR96, which is expressed specifically in the inner-ear hair cells, were linked with progressive hearing loss in humans and mice. Furthermore, additional miRNAs were found to have essential roles in the development and survival of inner-ear hair cells. Epigenetic mechanisms, in particular, DNA methylation and histone modifications, have also been implicated in human deafness, suggesting that several layers of noncoding genes that have never been studied systematically in the inner-ear sensory epithelia are required for normal hearing. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the roles of miRNAs and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the development, survival, and function of the inner ear, specifically in the sensory epithelia, tectorial membrane, and innervation, and their contribution to hearing.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang Y, Li X, Yan N, Cai S, Liu X. Myopia: A collagen disease? Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:485-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
McAlinden A, Majava M, Bishop PN, Perveen R, Black GCM, Pierpont ME, Ala-Kokko L, Männikkö M. Missense and nonsense mutations in the alternatively-spliced exon 2 ofCOL2A1cause the ocular variant of Stickler syndrome. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:83-90. [PMID: 17721977 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome type I (STL1) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by ocular and extraocular features. It is caused by null-allele mutations in the COL2A1 gene that codes for procollagen II. COL2A1 precursor mRNA undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in two isoforms, a long form including exon 2 (type IIA isoform) and a short form excluding exon 2 (type IIB isoform). The short form is predominantly expressed by differentiated chondrocytes in adult cartilage, and the long form in chondroprogenitor cells during early development and in the vitreous of the eye, which is the only adult tissue containing procollagen IIA. Recent evidence indicates that due to the tissue-specific expression of these two isoforms, premature termination codon mutations in exon 2 cause Stickler syndrome with minimal or no extraocular manifestations. We describe here two mutations in exon 2 of COL2A1 in three patients with predominantly ocular Stickler syndrome: Cys64Stop in two patients, and a novel structural mutation, Cys57Tyr, in one patient. RT-PCR of total lymphoblast RNA from one patient with the Cys64Stop mutation revealed that only the normal allele of the IIA form was present, indicating that the mutation resulted either in complete loss of the allele by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or by skipping of exon 2 via nonsense-mediated altered splicing, resulting in production of the type IIB isoform. The results of COL2A1 minigene expression studies suggest that both Cys64Stop and Cys57Tyr alter positive cis regulatory elements for splicing, resulting in a lower IIA:IIB ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meredith SP, Richards AJ, Bearcroft P, Pouson AV, Snead MP. Significant ocular findings are a feature of heritable bone dysplasias resulting from defects in type II collagen. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:1148-51. [PMID: 17347327 PMCID: PMC1954906 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The type II collagenopathies are a phenotypically diverse group of genetic skeletal disorders caused by a mutation in the gene coding for type II collagen. Reports published before the causative mutations were discovered suggest heritable bone dysplasias with skeletal malformations may be associated with a vitreoretinopathy. METHODS A retrospective notes search of patients with a molecularly characterised type II collagenopathy chondrodysplasia who had been examined in the ophthalmology clinic was conducted. RESULTS 13 of 14 patients had a highly abnormal vitreous appearance. One patient aged 11 presented with a total retinal detachment. Two other children aged 2 and 4 had bilateral flat multiple retinal tears on presentation. 10 of 12 patients refracted were myopic. Two patients had asymptomatic lens opacities: one associated with bilateral inferiorly subluxed lenses and the other with a zonule and lens coloboma. CONCLUSION Heritable skeletal disorders resulting from a mutation in the gene coding for type II collagen are associated with abnormal vitreous, myopia and peripheral cataract with lens subluxation. In bone dysplasias resulting from a defect of type II collagen there is likely to be a high risk of retinal detachment with a propensity to retinal tears at a young age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Meredith
- Vitreoretinal Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lachman RS. S. TAYBI AND LACHMAN'S RADIOLOGY OF SYNDROMES, METABOLIC DISORDERS AND SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7315357 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-01931-6.50027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
46
|
Dehring KA, Smukler AR, Roessler BJ, Morris MD. Correlating changes in collagen secondary structure with aging and defective type II collagen by Raman spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 60:366-72. [PMID: 16613631 DOI: 10.1366/000370206776593582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel application of Raman spectroscopy for monitoring damage to ocular collagen in wild-type mice and Del1 (+/-) transgenic mice, a murine animal model of osteoarthritis, is described. In order to understand the progression of diseases of collagen, it is necessary to use methods that can recognize alterations in affected tissue due to chemical and/or genetic modifications. The heterozygous Del1 (+/-) transgenic mouse is established as a model for early-onset osteoarthritis caused by modifications to the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) that result in a truncated collagen fiber. We expect that abnormal type II collagen is expressed in articular cartilage and eye tissue of the Del1 (+/-) mouse. Eyes excised from a subset of specimens from another study using Del1 (+/-) mice were examined by Raman spectroscopy for evidence of defective collagen. Spectral contributions from the collagen protein were readily observed. The amide III envelope (1220-1280 cm-1) was used to characterize changes in collagen secondary structure. Raman spectra of the sclera component of eyes taken from transgenic and older wild-type mice show an increased collagen disorder, as expected. These preliminary results suggest that Raman is capable of recognizing and measuring abnormality in eye collagen and may have potential as a diagnostic tool for ocular collagen damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Dehring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaarniranta K, Ihanamäki T, Sahlman J, Pulkkinen H, Uusitalo H, Arita M, Tammi R, Lammi MJ, Helminen HJ. A mouse model for Stickler's syndrome: ocular phenotype of mice carrying a targeted heterozygous inactivation of type II (pro)collagen gene (Col2a1). Exp Eye Res 2006; 83:297-303. [PMID: 16546167 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influences of targeted heterozygous inactivation of type II (pro)collagen gene (Col2a1) on eye structures in the 15-month-old C57BL/6JOlaHsd mouse was studied. The eyes were collected from C57BL mice heterozygous for a targeted inactivation of one allele of the Col2a1 gene (Col2a1(+/-) mice). The eyes of C57BL mice with normal gene alleles were used as controls (Col2a1(+/+) mice). Ocular histology was analyzed from tissue sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and alcian blue. Type II collagen was localized by immunohistochemistry. Hyaluronan (HA) was stained utilizing the biotinylated complex of the hyaluronan-binding region of aggrecan and link protein (bHABC). The anterior segment of the eye was well-formed in both genotypes, but typical folding of ciliary processes was decreased, while increased stromal extracellular matrix vacuolization was seen in the Col2a1(+/-) mice. In the lens of these mice, subcapsular extracellular matrix changes were observed. Differences in retinal structures or the number of the eyes with retinal detachment were not detected between the genotypes. In Col2a1(+/-) mice, staining for type II collagen was weaker in cornea, ciliary body, iris, lens, vitreous, retina, choroid and sclera than in the control mice. HA staining was detected in the extraocular tissues, ciliary body, iris and the choroid of both genotypes. HA staining was observed only in the vitreous body of the control animals. Heterozygous inactivation of Col2a1 gene causes structural defects in the murine eye. The observed structural changes in the ciliary body, lens and vitreous of the Col2a1(+/-) mice may represent ocular features found in the human Stickler syndrome, where the abnormalities result from COL2A1 gene mutations which lead to functional haploinsufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Donoso LA, Kim D, Frost A, Callahan A, Hageman G. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2006; 51:137-52. [PMID: 16500214 PMCID: PMC4853913 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, is a complex disease to study because of the potential role of demographic, environmental, and other systemic risk factors, such as age, sex, race, light exposure, diet, smoking, and underlying cardiovascular disease which may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA sequence variations found within the complement Factor H gene, have been found to be strongly associated with the development of AMD in Caucasians. One single nucleotide polymorphism, Tyr402His, was associated with approximately 50% of AMD cases. We review recent developments in the molecular biology of AMD, including single nucleotide polymorphisms within the Factor H gene, which may predispose individuals to the susceptibility of AMD as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms that may confer a protective effect. Taken together these findings help to provide new insights into the central issues surrounding the pathogenesis of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Donoso
- The Henry and Corinne Bower Laboratory, the Eye Research Institute, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19105, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Ihara N, Fujita T, Shiga K, Itoh M, Watanabe T, Sugimoto Y. Linkage analysis reveals two independent loci for ocular disorders in a local Japanese Black cattle population. Anim Genet 2005; 36:132-4. [PMID: 15771722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A vision-impairing ocular disorder was observed in a local Japanese Black cattle population, and assumed to be an autosomal recessive disease based on the presence of a founder cow. A genome scan using seven affected half-sib pairs revealed a linkage to BTA5 (Z(max) = 7.0, LOD(max) = 2.0), designated the bovine ocular disorder 1 (bod1) locus. Of the seven animals, three were heterozygous at the bod1 locus. Analysis in these three animals revealed linkage to markers on BTA18, and this locus was designated bod2. Detailed haplotype inspection of 16 affected animals indicated linkage to BTA5 in 12 animals, BTA18 in three animals, and linkage to both BTA5 and BTA18 in one animal. The bod1 locus was mapped to a 25 cM interval between DIK5237 and DIK5210 on BTA5 (Z(max) = 17.0, LOD(max) = 11.8), and bod2 was mapped to a 7 cM interval between DIK5411 and INRA038 on BTA18 (Z(max) = 13.0, LOD(max) = 4.0). This study demonstrated that the independent involvement of loss of function mutations in two loci is likely responsible for this genetic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ihara
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Odakura, Nishigo, Nishi-shirakawa, Fukushima 961-8061, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|