1
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Xu S, Wang Q, Rajeshkumar T, Jiang S, Maron L, Xu X. Reductive Dimerization of Alkenes and Allenes Enabled by Photochemically Activated Zinc-Zinc Bonded Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19590-19598. [PMID: 38957130 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal radicals have shown versatile reactivity in modern synthetic chemistry. However, the use of zinc radicals for molecular synthesis has been barely explored. Here, we show that a transient zinc radical can be formed through photoactivation of a zinc-zinc bonded compound, which is able to mediate the selective dimerization of alkenes and allenes. Treatment of dizinc compounds [L2Zn2] [L = CH3C(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)CHC(CH3)(NCH2CH2PR2); R = Ph (LPh) or iPr (LiPr)] with a diverse array of aromatic alkenes under UV irradiation (365 nm) facilely afforded the head-to-head coupling products, i.e., 1,4-dizinciobutanes in high yields. In addition, arylallenes could also be selectively dimerized by the dizinc compound to give 2,5-dizincyl-functionalized 1,5-hexadienes under the same conditions. Control reactions of [LPh2Zn2] in the presence of UV irradiation isolated a zinc phenyl complex and a trimeric zinc phosphide complex resulting from C-P bond cleavage at the tridentate ligand. Reactions of photoactivated dizinc compounds with organic spin traps, i.e., 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy), successfully isolated zinc radical trapping products [LZnOTEMP] and [LPhZn(2,2'-bpy)·-], respectively. The profile of alkene dimerization was elucidated by density functional theory calculations, which confirmed that a transient zinc radical [LZn·] was initially generated through homolytic Zn-Zn bond cleavage via photoactivation followed by single-electron transfer and radical dimerization. The unique selectivity of the current reaction was also studied computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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2
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Mohamadpour F, Amani AM. Photocatalytic systems: reactions, mechanism, and applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20609-20645. [PMID: 38952944 PMCID: PMC11215501 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic field revolves around the utilization of photon energy to initiate various chemical reactions using non-adsorbing substrates, through processes such as single electron transfer, energy transfer, or atom transfer. The efficiency of this field depends on the capacity of a light-absorbing metal complex, organic molecule, or substance (commonly referred to as photocatalysts or PCs) to execute these processes. Photoredox techniques utilize photocatalysts, which possess the essential characteristic of functioning as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent upon activation. In addition, it is commonly observed that photocatalysts exhibit optimal performance when irradiated with low-energy light sources, while still retaining their catalytic activity under ambient temperatures. The implementation of photoredox catalysis has resuscitated an array of synthesis realms, including but not limited to radical chemistry and photochemistry, ultimately affording prospects for the development of the reactions. Also, photoredox catalysis is utilized to resolve numerous challenges encountered in medicinal chemistry, as well as natural product synthesis. Moreover, its applications extend across diverse domains encompassing organic chemistry and catalysis. The significance of photoredox catalysts is rooted in their utilization across various fields, including biomedicine, environmental pollution management, and water purification. Of course, recently, research has evaluated photocatalysts in terms of cost, recyclability, and pollution of some photocatalysts and dyes from an environmental point of view. According to these new studies, there is a need for critical studies and reviews on photocatalysts and photocatalytic processes to provide a solution to reduce these limitations. As a future perspective for research on photocatalysts, it is necessary to put the goals of researchers on studies to overcome the limitations of the application and efficiency of photocatalysts to promote their use on a large scale for the development of industrial activities. Given the significant implications of the subject matter, this review seeks to delve into the fundamental tenets of the photocatalyst domain and its associated practical use cases. This review endeavors to demonstrate the prospective of a powerful tool known as photochemical catalysis and elucidate its underlying tenets. Additionally, another goal of this review is to expound upon the various applications of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohamadpour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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3
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Xie ZZ, Liao ZH, Zheng Y, Yuan CP, Guan JP, Li MZ, Deng KY, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photoredox-Catalyzed Selective α-Scission of PR 3-OH Radicals to Access Hydroalkylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9014-9019. [PMID: 38063439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced generation of phosphoranyl radicals offers a versatile strategy to access a variety of synthetically valuable radicals. A long-standing challenge remains in the regulation of phosphoranyl radical to undergo α-scission pathway, although the β-scission mode has been intensively studied. We herein developed an unprecedented protocol for selective α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radical intermediate under photocatalytic conditions. This efficient P-C bond cleavage via α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radicals has been successfully utilized in the alkylation/fluoroalkylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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4
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Ratnam S, Unone S, Janssen-Müller D. 2,2'-Biquinoline-Based Recyclable Electroauxiliaries for the Generation of Alkyl Radicals via C-C Bond Cleavage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301685. [PMID: 37265104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radical precursors are essential for a wide variety of photocatalytic and 3d-metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions. Neutral organic heterocycles as electroauxiliaries such as 4-alkyl Hantzsch esters have become reliable tools for alkyl radical formation. Here we show that 2,2'-biquinoline-derived alkyl-substituted dihydroquinolines act as competent radical precursors with the ability to form primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals. Hydroalkylation of benzalmalononitriles and N-Boc protected diazenes has been achieved through copper catalysis under mild conditions of 50 °C with good to very good yields of up to 85 %. Furthermore, the dihydroquinolines' reactivity towards a denitrative alkylation of nitroolefins such as β-nitrostyrene was discovered. Most importantly, the released biquinoline can be recycled, which greatly improves the overall atom-economy of these alkyl radical precursors in comparison to previous N-heterocyclic electroauxiliaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahilan Ratnam
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shreya Unone
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Tripathy AR, Mishra A, Singh V, Yatham VR. Metal-Free Direct C3-H Alkylation and Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-Ones with Inert Alkyl and Aryl Chlorides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300774. [PMID: 37283201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present manuscript, we reported the first visible-light-enabled direct C3-H alkylation/arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with unactivated alkyl/aryl chlorides under metal-free conditions. A wide range of unactivated alkyl and aryl chlorides containing different functionalities are coupled with a variety of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives under mild reaction conditions to afford the C3-alkyl/aryl substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Vesaj Singh
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), 695551, India
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6
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Tavakoli M, Chiu YTT, Baldi P, Carlton AM, Van Vranken D. RMechDB: A Public Database of Elementary Radical Reaction Steps. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1114-1123. [PMID: 36799778 PMCID: PMC9976277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We introduce RMechDB, an open-access platform for aggregating, curating, and distributing reliable data about elementary radical reaction steps for computational radical reaction modeling and prediction. RMechDB contains over 5,300 elementary radical reaction steps, each with a single transition state at or around room temperature. These elementary step reactions are manually curated plausible arrow-pushing steps for organic radical reactions. The steps were taken from a variety of sources. Over 2,000 mechanistic steps were extracted from textbooks and/or constructed from research publications. Another 3,000 were taken from gas-phase atmospheric reactions of isoprene and other organic molecules on the MCM (Master Chemical Mechanism) Web site. Reactions are encoded in the SMIRKS format with accurate atom mapping and annotations for arrow-pushing mechanisms. At its core, RMechDB consists of a database schema with an online interactive search interface and a request portal for downloading the raw form of elementary step reactions with their metadata. It also offers an interface for submitting new reactions to RMechDB and expanding the data set through community contributions. Although there are several applications for RMechDB, it is primarily designed as a central platform of radical elementary steps with a unified and structured representation. We believe that this open access to this data and platform enables the extension of data-driven models for chemical reaction predictions and other chemoinformatics predictive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Tavakoli
- Department
of Computer Science, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yin Ting T. Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department
of Computer Science, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States,E-mail:
| | - Ann Marie Carlton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - David Van Vranken
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States,E-mail:
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7
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Liu CH, Guo J, Li X, Sun J, Wei B, Si CM. SmI2‑Mediated Intermolecular Addition-Elimination of Piperidine and Pyrrolidine N-α-Radicals with Arylacetylene Sulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10841-10844. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to access α-arylacetylene substituted pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives has been developed through a samarium diiodide mediated addition-elimination process of pyrrolidine and piperidine N-α-radicals with arylacetylene sulfones.
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8
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Zhuang B, Tojo S, Fujitsuka M. Electronic and Structural Properties of 2,3‐Naphthalimide in Open‐Shell Configurations Investigated by Pulse Radiolytic and Theoretical Approaches. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhuang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- LOB, CNRS, INSERM École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Sachiko Tojo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University Mihogaoka 8–1, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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9
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Liu ZY, Cook SP. Interrupting the Barton–McCombie Reaction: Aqueous Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation of O-Alkyl Thiocarbonates. Org Lett 2021; 23:808-813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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10
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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11
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1861-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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12
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Photocatalytic activation of alkyl chlorides by assembly-promoted single electron transfer in microheterogeneous solutions. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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14
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Yu F, Mao R, Yu M, Gu X, Wang Y. Generation of Aryl Radicals from Aryl Halides: Rongalite-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9946-9956. [PMID: 31310121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new and practical method for the generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides is reported. Rongalite as a novel precursor of super electron donors was used to initiate a series of electron-catalyzed reactions under mild conditions. These transition-metal-free radical chain reactions enable the efficient formation of C-C, C-S, and C-P bonds through homolytic aromatic substitution or SRN1 reactions. Moreover, the synthesis of antipsychotic drug Quetiapine was performed on gram scale through the described method. This protocol demonstrated its potential as a promising arylation method in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Runyu Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Mingcheng Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , 826 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
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15
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Singh AS, Mishra N, Yadav MS, Tiwari VK. Free Radical Synthetic Protocol for Benzothiazoles
via
Ring Opening of Benzotriazole: A Two‐step Organic Chemistry Experiment for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Mangal S. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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16
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Li LL, Su YL, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Assembly of Tetrahydropyran Derivatives from Aldehydes, Allylboronates, and Syngas by Asymmetric Relay Catalytic Cascade Reaction. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29532578 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of highly enantio-enriched tetrahydropyrans from readily available aldehydes, allylboronates, and syngas has been established by multiply relay catalysis of rhodium and chiral phosphoric acid. The cascade reaction integrates the asymmetric allylboration of aldehydes and alkene hydroformylation, providing a structurally diverse range of products with different workup procedures. The concise synthesis of key chiral building blocks to access herboxidiene and leucascandrolide A demonstrates the high synthetic utility of this method. The cascade reaction employing alkenes to replace aldehydes was also successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
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17
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Hanson JR. Stereochemical Aspects of the Hydrogenolysis of Derivatives of Terpenoid and Steroidal Allylic Alcohols. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15161933697763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemical factors that affect the hydrogenolysis of allylic and homoallylic terpenoid and steroidal functional groups by reagents involving catalytic, radical, hydride and ionising metal systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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18
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Mondal K, Pan SC. Lewis Acid Catalyzed [3+3] Annulation of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with γ-Hydroxyenones: Access to Highly Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; 781039 Assam India
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19
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Li BJ, Zhong H, Yu HT. Theoretical Investigation of Regioselectivity and Stereoselectivity in AIBN/HSnBu3-Mediated Radical Cyclization of N-(2-Iodo-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-(2E)-butenamide. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12950-12958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic
Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of
Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic
Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of
Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic
Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education of China) and School of
Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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20
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Crossley SWM, Obradors C, Martinez RM, Shenvi RA. Mn-, Fe-, and Co-Catalyzed Radical Hydrofunctionalizations of Olefins. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8912-9000. [PMID: 27461578 PMCID: PMC5872827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor-mimetic aerobic oxidation has conceptually merged with catalysis of syngas reactions to form a wide range of Markovnikov-selective olefin radical hydrofunctionalizations. We cover the development of the field and review contributions to reaction invention, mechanism, and application to complex molecule synthesis. We also provide a mechanistic framework for understanding this compendium of radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carla Obradors
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ruben M Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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21
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Pan XQ, Zou JP, Yi WB, Zhang W. Recent advances in sulfur- and phosphorous-centered radical reactions for the formation of S–C and P–C bonds. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Zhu H, Leung JCT, Sammis GM. Strategies to Control Alkoxy Radical-Initiated Relay Cyclizations for the Synthesis of Oxygenated Tetrahydrofuran Motifs. J Org Chem 2015; 80:965-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joe C. T. Leung
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Glenn M. Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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23
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Guyon C, Métay E, Popowycz F, Lemaire M. Synthetic applications of hypophosphite derivatives in reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7879-906. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to collect the applications in fine synthesis of hypophosphite derivatives as reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Guyon
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Estelle Métay
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Equipe Chimie Organique et Bioorganique
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA Lyon)
- F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- UMR-CNRS 5246
- Université de Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1
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24
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Cascade cyclization of 1-(2-yl-3-phenylprop-2-enyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbonitrile radical: Mechanistic insights from DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Kumar D, Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Synthesis of 2-N/S/C-Substituted Benzothiazoles via Intramolecular Cyclative Cleavage of Benzotriazole Ring. J Org Chem 2013; 79:251-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry,
Center of Advanced Study, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Bhuwan B. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry,
Center of Advanced Study, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry,
Center of Advanced Study, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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26
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Lee RS. Synthesis of α-Arylthioalkyl Esters: The Addition Reactions of Vinyl Esters with Arylthiols Catalyzed by Lipase. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Sha CK, Jean TS, Yau NT, Huang SJ, Chiou RT, Young JF, Lih SH, Tseng WH. α-Carbonyl Radicals for Total Synthesis of Natural Products. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystal structures of chiral ferrocene-containing β-diketones. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Hsu NY, Chang CC. A Unique Synthetic Method to Convert aD-Sugar into 2-Deoxy-L-ribitol Through Carbonyl Translocation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Kumamoto H, Kawahigashi S, Wakabayashi H, Nakano T, Miyaike T, Kitagawa Y, Abe H, Ito M, Haraguchi K, Balzarini J, Baba M, Tanaka H. Tuning efficiency of the 4-exo-trig cyclization by the electronic effect: ring closure of 3,3-difluoro-4-pentenyl carbon radicals and synthesis of a gem-difluorocyclobutane nucleoside. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10993-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Muñoz‐Molina JM, Belderrain TR, Pérez PJ. Atom Transfer Radical Reactions as a Tool for Olefin Functionalization – On the Way to Practical Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Muñoz‐Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Tomás R. Belderrain
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Departamento de Química y Ciencia de los Materiales, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible (CIQSO), Campus de El Carmen s/n, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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33
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Sreekanth M, Pranitha G, Jagadeesh B, Chakraborty TK. Ti(III)-mediated opening of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to build five-membered carbocycles with multiple chiral centres. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Fries P, Halter D, Kleinschek A, Hartung J. Functionalized tetrahydrofurans from alkenols and olefins/alkynes via aerobic oxidation-radical addition cascades. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3906-12. [PMID: 21348446 DOI: 10.1021/ja108403s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidation of alkyl- and phenyl-substituted 4-pentenols (bishomoallyl alcohols), catalyzed by cobalt(II) complexes in solutions of γ-terpinene or cyclohexa-1,4-diene, stereoselectively gave tetrahydrofurylmethyl radicals. Cyclized radicals were trapped with monosubstituted olefins (e.g., acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate), (E)- and (Z)-1,2-diacceptor-substituted olefins (e.g., dimethyl fumarate, fumarodinitrile, N-phenyl maleic imide), and ester-substituted alkynes (e.g., ethyl propynoate). Oxidation-addition cascades thus furnished side-chain-substituted (CN, CO(2)R, COR, or SO(2)R) di- and trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans in stereoselective reactions (2,3-trans, 2,4-cis, and 2,5-trans). A diastereomerically pure bistetrahydrofuran was prepared in a cascade consisting of two aerobic oxidations, one alkyne addition, and one final H-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fries
- Fachbereich Chemie, Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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35
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(10)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Amos RI, Smith JA, Yates BF, Schiesser CH. Acyl radical addition to benzene and related systems—a computational study. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Zlotorzynska M, Zhai H, Sammis GM. Unique Diastereoselectivity Trends in Aminyl Radical Cyclizations onto Silyl Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2009; 75:864-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902426z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zlotorzynska
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Glenn M. Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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39
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Synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine and its seco analogues using free radical reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Zhu H, Wickenden JG, Campbell NE, Leung JCT, Johnson KM, Sammis GM. Construction of carbo- and heterocycles using radical relay cyclizations initiated by alkoxy radicals. Org Lett 2009; 11:2019-22. [PMID: 19326922 DOI: 10.1021/ol900481e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the rapid construction of carbo- and heterocycles has been developed using radical relay cyclizations initiated by alkoxy radicals. Linear substrates were cyclized to form a wide range of cyclopentane, pyrrolidine, tetrahydropyran, and tetrahydrofuran derivatives in excellent yields. This methodology was utilized as a key step in the synthesis of the tetrahydrofuran fragment in (-)-amphidinolide K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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41
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Zlotorzynska M, Zhai H, Sammis GM. Chemoselective oxygen-centered radical cyclizations onto silyl enol ethers. Org Lett 2008; 10:5083-6. [PMID: 18855396 DOI: 10.1021/ol802142k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new oxygen-centered radical cyclization onto silyl enol ethers has been developed and utilized for the synthesis of versatile siloxy-substituted tetrahydrofurans. The reactions display excellent chemoselectivity for cyclization onto the electron-rich silyl enol ether when competing terminal alkene cyclization, 1,5-hydrogen abstraction, and beta-fragmentation pathways are present. The increased chemoselectivity also allows for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans, a challenging substrate class to access using oxygen-centered radical alkene cyclizations due to competing 1,5-hydrogen abstractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zlotorzynska
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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42
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Kim S, Lim KC, Kim S. Tin-free radical carbonylation of alkylsulfonyl derivatives into alkylcarbonyl derivatives. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1692-701. [PMID: 18666283 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple radical approach based on tin-free radical carbonylation is devised for the direct conversion of alkylthiosulfonates, alkylsulfonyl cyanides, and alkylsulfonyl oxime ethers into the corresponding alkyl thiol esters, acyl cyanides, and acylated oxime ethers in a single step. The present approach is very simple, highly efficient, and minimizes the formation of byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmo Kim
- Center for Molecular Design & Synthesis and Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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43
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Dolbier WR. Fluorinated free radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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44
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Mandal SK, Paira M, Roy SC. Titanocene(III) Chloride Mediated Radical-Induced Addition to Baylis−Hillman Adducts: Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-Trisubstituted Alkenes and α-Methylene/Arylidene δ-Lactones. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3823-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800049p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir K. Mandal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Moumita Paira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Subhas C. Roy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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45
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Hayashi N, Hirokawa Y, Shibata I, Yasuda M, Baba A. Hydroindation of allenes and its application to radical cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1949-54. [DOI: 10.1039/b803314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Hernandez-García L, Quintero L, Sánchez M, Sartillo-Piscil F. Beneficial Effect of Internal Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on the β-Fragmentation of Primary Alkoxyl Radicals. Two-Step Conversion of d-Xylo- and d-Ribofuranoses into l-Threose and d-Erythrose, Respectively. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8196-201. [PMID: 17900138 DOI: 10.1021/jo0709551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary alkoxyl free radicals were generated from their readily synthesized N-phthalimido derivatives under reductive conditions. Primary alkoxyl radicals derived from their corresponding xylo- and ribofuranose derivatives underwent, exclusively, an unusual beta-fragmentation affording L-threose and D-erythrose derivatives, respectively. This occurs because the alkoxyl radical is capable of achieving an internal hydrogen-bonding interaction leading to a stable six-membered ring intramolecular hydrogen-bonded structure. When the hydroxyl group is protected, the beta-fragmentation pathway is prevented and the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway occurs. Computational studies provided strong support for the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Hernandez-García
- Centro de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, BUAP, 14 Sur Esq. San Claudio, Col. San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, México
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The total synthesis of racemic clavubicyclone (1), which was isolated from Okinawan soft coral by our group, is described. The bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton was prepared by Cope rearrangement of a divinylcyclopropane derivative. Three functional groups on the skeleton were constructed by Barton decarboxylation, Wittig reaction, and alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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48
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Zhong HM, Sohn JH, Rawal VH. Studies toward the asymmetric synthesis of the right part of the mycalamides. J Org Chem 2007; 72:386-97. [PMID: 17221953 PMCID: PMC2517629 DOI: 10.1021/jo0615145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is the asymmetric synthesis of a functionalized, trioxadecalin unit that comprises the right-hand part of the mycalamides and related natural products. The synthetic route involves a 16-step sequence that accomplishes the formation of two heterocyclic rings and the generation of five stereocenters. The synthesis commenced with a C2-symmetric starting material, diethyl D-tartrate, and took advantage of a relay of diastereoselective reactions to extend this four-carbon chain and introduce new chiral centers. Subsequent electrophile-mediated cyclization afforded the desired pyran ring, which was then transformed into the desired, functionalized trioxadecalin skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Marlon Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637
- *(773) 834-2194; fax-0805
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Dembkowski L, Rachon J. REACTIVITY OF THE ACIDS OF TRIVALENT PHOSPHORUS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. PART III.∗ THE >P—O−IONS IN REACTION WITH ACTIVATED ALKYL BROMIDES. ATTACK ON BROMINE vs ELECTRON TRANSFER. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509408021951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Dembkowski
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Technical University of Gdánsk , ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Technical University of Gdánsk , ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
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