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Antifungal and antibacterial activity of marine sponges from Ratnagiri coast of India. J Mycol Med 2022; 32:101305. [PMID: 35759971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Marine sponges have proved to be a rich source of bioactive metabolites with multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, we have investigated the antifungal and antibacterial activities of methanol extracts of Cliona, Haliclona cratera, Hyrtios cavernosus, Spongia obscura, Sarcotragus foetidus, and Xestospongia carbonaria and fractions from X. carbonaria S. obscura and H. cratera. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar disc diffusion method against clinical gram-positive- Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram negative- Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antifungal activity of the extracts and fractions was determined against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. S. obscura, X. carbonaria, H. cavernosus, and H. cratera exhibited good antibacterial activity against the tested gram-positive bacteria with larger zones of inhibition at 19±6 mm, 19.5±5.5mm, 20±0 mm and 23±0 mm. S. foetidus gave good inhibition of gram-negative bacteria at 19±0 mm. They showed moderate antifungal activities against C. albicans and A. niger. Cliona, H. cratera and H. cavernosus gave inhibition with 20±5 mm, 15.5±0.5 mm and 25.5±14.5 mm for A. niger. The MIC for Xc_PE_2, Sob_n but_1 and Hc_n but_3 was determined. H. cavernosus, S. foetidus, S. obscura and X. carbonaria showed presence of fatty acids and sterol type of compounds. The mass of molecular ions in purified fractions helped in characterization of known compounds in H. cratera, X. carbonaria and S. obscura which exhibited good antimicrobial activity.
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2
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Lima E, Medeiros J. Marine Organisms as Alkaloid Biosynthesizers of Potential Anti-Alzheimer Agents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:75. [PMID: 35049930 PMCID: PMC8780771 DOI: 10.3390/md20010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), increases continuously demanding the urgent development of anti-Alzheimer's agents. Marine organisms (MO) have to create their own defenses due to the adverse environment where they live and so synthesize several classes of compounds, such as akaloids, to defend themselves. Therefore, the identification of marine natural products with neuroprotective effects is a necessity. Being that AD is not only a genetic but also an environmental complex disease, a treatment for AD remains to discover. As the major clinical indications (CI) of AD are extracellular plaques formed by β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyper phosphorylated τ-protein, uncommon inflammatory response and neuron apoptosis and death caused by oxidative stress, alkaloids that may decrease CI, might be used against AD. Most of the alkalolids with those properties are derivatives of the amino acid tryptophan mainly with a planar indole scaffold. Certainly, alkaloids targeting more than one CI, multitarget-directed ligands (MTDL), have the potential to become a lead in AD treatment. Alkaloids to have a maximum of activity against CI, should be planar and contain halogens and amine quaternization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Lima
- Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Açores, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Medeiros
- Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Açores, Portugal
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3
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Petruncio G, Shellnutt Z, Elahi-Mohassel S, Alishetty S, Paige M. Skipped dienes in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2187-2213. [PMID: 34913051 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000-2020The 1,4-diene motif, also known as a skipped diene, is widespread across various classes of natural products including alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, and polyketides as part of either the finalized structure or a biosynthetic intermediate. The prevalence of this nonconjugated diene system in nature has resulted in numerous encounters in the total synthesis literature. However, skipped dienes have not been extensively reviewed, which could be attributed to overshadowing by the more recognized 1,3-diene system. In this review, we aim to highlight the relevance of skipped dienes in natural products through the lens of total synthesis. Subjects that will be covered include nomenclature, structural properties, prevalence in natural products, synthetic strategies and the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Synah Elahi-Mohassel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
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4
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Hu XN, Wu DP, Xu YP, Huang PQ. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate of (+)-Sarain A. Chemistry 2021; 27:609-613. [PMID: 33044771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of an advanced intermediate of (+)-sarain A was achieved. This approach featured the employment of an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction and a nitrogen-to-carbon chirality transfer to forge three chiral centers, as well as a catalytic hydrosilylation for the chemoselective reduction of a key lactam intermediate. The tricyclic intermediate contained all the required functionalities for elaborating into (+)-sarain A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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Yokoshima S. Synthesis of 2-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes: Lessons from Synthetic Studies of Macrocyclic Diamine Alkaloids. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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6
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Cheng B, Reyes J. Recent progress on the total syntheses of macrocyclic diamine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:322-337. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the progress and challenges in the chemical synthesis of macrocyclic diamine alkaloids since 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichu Cheng
- School of Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Julius Reyes
- Department of Chemistry
- New York University
- New York
- USA
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Moodie LWK, Sepčić K, Turk T, FrangeŽ R, Svenson J. Natural cholinesterase inhibitors from marine organisms. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1053-1092. [PMID: 30924818 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Published between 1974 up to 2018Inhibition of cholinesterases is a common approach for the management of several disease states. Most notably, cholinesterase inhibitors are used to alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease and treat myasthenia gravis and glaucoma. Historically, most drugs of natural origin have been isolated from terrestrial sources and inhibitors of cholinesterases are no exception. However, the last 50 years have seen a rise in the quantity of marine natural products with close to 25 000 reported in the scientific literature. A number of marine natural products with potent cholinesterase inhibitory properties have also been reported; isolated from a variety of marine sources from algae to ascidians. Representing a diverse range of structural classes, these compounds provide inspirational leads that could aid the development of therapeutics. The current paper aims to, for the first time, comprehensively summarize the literature pertaining to cholinesterase inhibitors derived from marine sources, including the first papers published in 1974 up to 2018. The review does not report bioactive extracts, only isolated compounds, and a specific focus lies on compounds with reported dose-response data. In vivo and mechanistic data is included for compounds where this is reported. In total 185 marine cholinesterase inhibitors and selected analogs have been identified and reported and some of the compounds display inhibitory activities comparable or superior to cholinesterase inhibitors in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindon W K Moodie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert FrangeŽ
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden.
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Wang Y, Leng L, Liu Y, Dai G, Xue F, Chen Z, Meng J, Wen G, Xiao Y, Liu XY, Qin Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of an Advanced Tetracyclic Framework of (+)-Sarain A. Org Lett 2018; 20:6701-6704. [PMID: 30346782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingying Leng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guiying Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fanglin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guohua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Becker MH, Chua P, Downham R, Douglas CJ, Garg NK, Hiebert S, Jaroch S, Matsuoka RT, Middleton JA, Ng FW, Overman LE. Correction to “Total Synthesis of (−)-Sarain A”. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5319. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Yin Z, He Y, Chiu P. Application of (4+3) cycloaddition strategies in the synthesis of natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8881-8924. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of (4+3) cycloadditions, both classical and formal, in the syntheses of natural products in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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11
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Meng J, Wang Y, Qin Y, Liu XY. Asymmetric synthetic approach to a functionalized azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane moiety of (+)-sarain A. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Tribalat MA, Gegunde S, Thomas OP, Botana LM. Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Sarains on H 2O 2-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:368-380. [PMID: 28478531 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarains are diamide alkaloids isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Haliclona (Rhizoniera) sarai that have previously shown antibacterial, insecticidal and anti-fouling activities. In this study, we examined for the first time the neuroprotective effects of sarains 1, 2 and A against oxidative stress in a human neuronal model. SH-SY5Y cells were co-incubated with sarains at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μM, and the well-known oxidant hydrogen peroxide at 150 μM for 6 h and the protective effects of the compounds were evaluated. Among the sarains tested, sarain A was the most promising compound, improving mitochondrial function and decreasing reactive oxygen species levels in human neuroblastoma cells treated with the compound at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM. This compound was also able to increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases by inducing the translocation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the nucleus at the lower concentrations tested (0.01 and 0.1 μM). Moreover, sarain A at 0.1 and 1 μM blocked the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening through cyclophilin D inhibition. These results suggest that the protective effects produced by the treatment with sarain A are related with its ability to block the mPTP and to enhance the Nrf2 pathway, indicating that sarain A may be a candidate compound for further studies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marie-Aude Tribalat
- Géoazur UMR Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 250 Avenue Albert Einstein, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Géoazur UMR Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 250 Avenue Albert Einstein, 06108, Nice, France.,Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003, Lugo, Spain.
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Higo T, Ukegawa T, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T. Formal Synthesis of Sarain A: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of an Eight-Membered Cyclic Nitrone to Construct the 2-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Higo T, Ukegawa T, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T. Formal Synthesis of Sarain A: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of an Eight-Membered Cyclic Nitrone to Construct the 2-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7367-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Natural products from marine organisms with neuroprotective activity in the experimental models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and ischemic brain stroke: their molecular targets and action mechanisms. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:139-70. [PMID: 25348867 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Continuous increases in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain stroke demand the urgent development of therapeutics. Marine organisms are well-known producers of natural products with diverse structures and pharmacological activities. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to identify marine natural products with neuroprotective effects. In this regard, this review summarizes therapeutic targets for AD, PD, and ischemic brain stroke and marine natural products with pharmacological activities on the targets according to taxonomies of marine organisms. Furthermore, several marine natural products on the clinical trials for the treatment of neurological disorders are discussed.
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Abstract
Saraines have been isolated by the group of Cimino from the marine sponge Reniera sarai collected in the Bay of Naples. These alkaloids can be classified into two categories, depending on the type of their structure. Saraines 1-3 and isosaraines 1-3 are characterized by a trans-2-oxoquinolizidine moiety bound directly to a tetrahydropyridine ring, both nuclei being also linked by two alkyl chains of different lengths. On the other hand, saraines A-C and misenine present a diazatricyclic central core, showing an unusual interaction between an aldehyde and a tertiary amine and giving them a zwitterionic character, and flanked with two chains forming macrocycles. In a first part of the chapter, the isolation, spectral data, and structure elucidation of saraines are presented. Biological properties and biogenetic proposals concerning these compounds are then described. The most important part is devoted to synthetic approaches and total synthesis of saraine A.
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Luo SP, Guo LD, Gao LH, Li S, Huang PQ. Toward the Total Synthesis of Haliclonin A: Construction of a Tricyclic Substructure. Chemistry 2012; 19:87-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Genta-Jouve G, Thomas OP. Sponge chemical diversity: from biosynthetic pathways to ecological roles. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2012; 62:183-230. [PMID: 22664123 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394283-8.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since more than 50 years, sponges have raised the interest of natural product chemists due to the presence of structurally original secondary metabolites. While the main objective were first to discover new drugs from the Sea, a large number of interrogations arose along with the isolation and structure elucidations of a wide array of original architectures and new families of natural products not found in the terrestrial environment. In this chapter, we focus on the results obtained during this period on the following questions. A preliminary but still unresolved issue to be addressed will be linked to the role of the microbiota into the biosynthesis of these low-weight compounds. Our knowledge on the biosynthetic pathways leading to plant secondary metabolites is now well established, and this background will influence our comprehension of the biosynthetic events occurring in a sponge. But is the level of similarity between both metabolisms so important? We clearly need more experimental data to better assess this issue. This question is of fundamental interest because sponges have a long evolutionary history, and this will allow a better understanding on the transfer of the genetic information corresponding to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. After the how, the why! The question of the ecological role of these metabolites is also of high importance first not only because they can serve as synapomorphic characters but also because they may represent chemical cues in the water environment. Even if most of these compounds are considered as defensive weapons for these sessile invertebrates, they may also be linked to physiological characters as the reproduction. Finally, a metabolomic approach can appear as a complementary tool to give additional information on the sponge fitness. All the new developments in molecular biology and bioanalytical tools will open the way for a better comprehension on the complex field of sponge secondary metabolites.
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Lari A, Pitak MB, Coles SJ, Rees GJ, Day SP, Smith ME, Hanna JV, Wallis JD. Models for incomplete nucleophilic attack on a protonated carbonyl group and electron-deficient alkenes: salts and zwitterions from 1-dimethylamino-naphthalene-8-carbaldehyde. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7763-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peixoto S, Martin MT, Crich D, Delpech B, Marazano C. Concise Construction of Sarain A Core According to a Biosynthetic Proposal: Cyclization through an Intramolecular Mannich-type Reaction Involving an Endocyclic N-Acyliminium ion. Chemistry 2011; 17:9907-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Defant A, Mancini I, Raspor L, Guella G, Turk T, Sepčić K. New Structural Insights into Saraines A, B, and C, Macrocyclic Alkaloids from the Mediterranean Sponge Reniera (Haliclona) sarai. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lohse AG, Hsung RP. (4+3) cycloaddition reactions of nitrogen-stabilized oxyallyl cations. Chemistry 2011; 17:3812-22. [PMID: 21384451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of heteroatom-substituted oxyallyl cations in (4+3) cycloadditions has had a tremendous impact on the development of cycloaddition chemistry. Extensive efforts have been exerted toward investigating the effect of oxygen, sulfur, and halogen substituents on the reactivity of oxyallyl cations. Most recently, the use of nitrogen-stabilized oxyallyl cations has gained prominence in the area of (4+3) cycloadditions. The following article will provide an overview of this concept utilizing nitrogen-stabilized oxyallyl cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Lohse
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Franklin AI, Bensa D, Adams H, Coldham I. Transannular dipolar cycloaddition as an approach towards the synthesis of the core ring system of the sarain alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1901-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang RF, Huang PQ. Studies towards an Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Sarain A: A Concise Asymmetric Construction of the Diazatricyclic Core. Chemistry 2010; 16:10319-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Price Mortimer AJ, Pang PS, Aliev AE, Tocher DA, Porter MJ. Concise synthesis of bicyclic aminals and their evaluation as precursors to the sarain core. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2941-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b806031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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27
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Hong S, Yang J, Weinreb SM. Construction of an advanced tetracyclic intermediate for total synthesis of the marine alkaloid sarain A. J Org Chem 2007; 71:2078-89. [PMID: 16496996 PMCID: PMC2527041 DOI: 10.1021/jo052504r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In work directed toward a total synthesis of the marine alkaloid sarain A (1), the advanced intermediate 54, containing all the key elements and the seven stereogenic centers of sarain A, has been successfully synthesized from bicyclic lactam 4, previously prepared via an intramolecular stereospecific [3 + 2]-azomethine ylide dipolar cycloaddition. Intermediate lactam 4 could be efficiently converted to N-Boc derivative 12. Introduction of a two-carbon fragment into lactam 12 which eventually becomes the C-7',8' syn diol of the "eastern" ring was then achieved by C-acylation of the corresponding enolate with methoxyacetyl chloride followed by a highly stereoselective ketone reduction with Zn(BH4)2 to afford alcohol 16. Intermediate 16 has the incorrect C-7' relative stereochemistry for sarain A, but this problem was conveniently remedied by inverting the C-7' center via an intramolecular Ohfune-type cyclization of the silyl carbamate derived from Boc mesylate 27 to produce the key cyclic carbamate 28. It was then possible to convert acetal 28 to allylsilane 32 followed by cyclization to the alkaloid tricyclic core 33 via an allylsilane/N-sulfonyliminium ion cyclization. Formation of the "western" macrocyclic ring has been successfully addressed using functional group handles at C-3' and N-1' on the tricyclic core via a ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) strategy with the second-generation Grubbs ruthenium catalyst to produce intermediate macrolactam 47. A chelation-controlled addition of ethynylmagnesium bromide to advanced aldehyde 51 afforded a single diastereomeric adduct 53 which is tentatively assigned to have the correct C-7',8' syn-diol stereochemistry. This adduct could be rearranged to the conveniently protected amino carbonate 54 which is set up for construction of the remainder of the eastern ring of sarain A.
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28
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Ge CS, Hourcade S, Ferdenzi A, Chiaroni A, Mons S, Delpech B, Marazano C. A Biogenetically Based Strategy Towards the Polycyclic Core Skeleton of Sarain A. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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30
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Hourcade S, Ferdenzi A, Retailleau P, Mons S, Marazano C. First Model Reactions towards the Synthesis of Sarain A Core Skeleton Based upon a Biogenetic Scenario. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Center for the Development of Natural Products (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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32
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Kun Cha J, Ik Lee H, Je Sung M, Bong Lee H. An Improved Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Sarains by a 3-Oxidopyridinium Betaine Cycloaddition. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-s(p)29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Sung MJ, Lee HI, Lee HB, Cha JK. Synthetic studies toward sarain A. Formation of the western macrocyclic ring. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2205-8. [PMID: 12636382 DOI: 10.1021/jo026914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starting with the tricyclic core 2b, annulation to form the 13-membered western ring of sarain A has been achieved to afford the macrocycle 30a by initial construction of the sterically congested quaternary center at C-3, followed by elaboration of the C-3 side-chain and ring-closing olefin metathesis. Also included is a parallel conversion of tricycle 2c to macrocycle 30b containing a functionalized side-chain at N-1 suitable for attachment of the eastern macrocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Je Sung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
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34
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Polycyclic Amine Alkaloids (3-Alkylpiperidine Alkaloids) – Novel Marine Bioactive Compounds: Structure, Synthesis and Biochemical Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Sung MJ, Lee HI, Chong Y, Cha JK. Facile synthesis of the tricyclic core of sarain A. 3-Oxidopyridinium betaine cycloaddition approach. Org Lett 1999; 1:2017-9. [PMID: 10836058 DOI: 10.1021/ol9911932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] A new approach to a suitably functionalized tricyclic core of sarains has been developed by means of Katritzky's cycloaddition using 3-oxidopyridinium betaines. A key step was the regioselective differentiation of the two nearly identical hydroxy groups derived from oxidative cleavage of the double bond in 8 to afford 14. A stereocontrolled construction of the tricyclic core 20 of sarains containing the requisite side chain at C-3' was achieved by an intramolecular conjugate addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
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36
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Jaroch S, Matsuoka RT, Overman LE. Studies towards a total synthesis of sarains A-C. Stereospecific condensation of α,β-unsaturated esters with the phenyl oxazoline derivative of threonine. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Irie O, Samizu K, Henry JR, Weinreb SM. Further Studies on Total Synthesis of Sarain A. Efforts Toward Annulation of the Macrocyclic Rings. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Irie
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kiyohiro Samizu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - James R. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Steven M. Weinreb
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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38
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Denhart DJ, Griffith DA, Heathcock CH. Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Sarain A. Use of Formaldehyde in an Intramolecular Grigg Azomethine Ylide Cyclization. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Denhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - David A. Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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39
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Downham R, Ng FW, Overman LE. Asymmetric Construction of the Diazatricyclic Core of the Marine Alkaloids Sarains A−C. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9817117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Downham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Fay W. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Faulkner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0212, USA
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41
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Matzanke N, Gregg RJ, Weinreb SM. BIOMIMETIC AND SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO MARINE SPONGE ALKALOIDS DERIVED FROMBIS-PYRIDINE MACROCYCLES. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00304949809355258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Guo Y, Trivellone E, Scognamiglio G, Cimino G. Absolute stereochemistry of isosaraine-1 and isosaraine-2. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Guo Y, Trivellone E, Scognamiglio G, Cimino G. Misenine, a novel macrocyclic alkaloid with an unusual skeleton from the Mediterranean sponge Reniera sp. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Further studies of alkaloids from Reniera sarai: Structures of saraine-3 and isosaraine-3; absolute stereochemistry of saraine-1 and saraine-2. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Charan RD, Garson MJ, Brereton IM, Willis AC, Hooper JN. Haliclonacyclamines A and B, cytotoxic alkaloids from the tropical marine sponge Haliclona sp. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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47
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Guo Y, Madaio A, Trivellone E, Scognamiglio G, Cimino G. Structural and stereochemical studies of saraines: Macrocyclic alkaloids of the sponge Reniera sarai. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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49
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Andersen RJ, Van Soest RW, Kong F. Chapter Three 3-Alkylpiperidine alkaloids isolated from marine sponges in the order haplosclerida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(96)80027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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50
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