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The Soft Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum: A Warehouse of Terpenoids with Structural and Pharmacological Diversity. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010030. [PMID: 36662203 PMCID: PMC9865811 DOI: 10.3390/md21010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum, which was frequently encountered on Indo-Pacific and Red Sea coral reefs, furnished a wealth of secondary metabolites. Notably, terpenoids dominated the chemical profile of this species. In this review, we summarized the discovery of 156 terpenoids from the soft coral S. trocheliophorum specimens in different geographical areas. The structures comprised 13 terpenoidal classes with various functionalities. We covered the era from the first report of S. trocheliophorum-derived metabolites in 1976 up to October 2022. The biological effects of these chemical compositions on a vast array of potential pharmacological activities such as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antivirus, and immunomodulatory activities were also presented. This review also revealed an immense demand to explore the terpene biosynthetic gene clusters of this species besides the chemo- and bio-investigations.
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Molecular Network Guided Cataloging of the Secondary Metabolome of Selected Egyptian Red Sea Soft Corals. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100630. [PMID: 36286454 PMCID: PMC9604675 DOI: 10.3390/md20100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft corals are recognized as an abundant source of diverse secondary metabolites with unique chemical features and physiologic capabilities. However, the discovery of these metabolites is usually hindered by the traditional protocol which requires a large quantity of living tissue for isolation and spectroscopic investigations. In order to overcome this problem, untargeted metabolomics protocols have been developed. The latter have been applied here to study the chemodiversity of common Egyptian soft coral species, using only minute amounts of coral biomass. Spectral similarity networks, based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry data, were employed to explore and highlight the metabolic biodiversity of nine Egyptian soft coral species. Species-specific metabolites were highlighted for future prioritization of soft coral species for MS-guided chemical investigation. Overall, 79 metabolites were tentatively assigned, encompassing diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and sterols. Simultaneously, the methodology assisted in shedding light on newly-overlooked chemical diversity with potential undescribed scaffolds. For instance, glycosylated fatty acids, nitrogenated aromatic compounds, and polyketides were proposed in Sinularia leptoclados, while alkaloidal terpenes and N-acyl amino acids were proposed in both Sarcophyton roseum and Sarcophyton acutum.
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Mostafa O, Al-Shehri M, Moustafa M, Al-Emam A. Cnidarians as a potential source of antiparasitic drugs. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:35-48. [PMID: 34842987 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New antiparasitic drugs are urgently required for treating parasitic infections. The marine environment has proven to be a valuable source of compounds with therapeutic properties against many diseases, including parasitic diseases. Cnidarian venoms are known for their toxicological properties and are candidates for developing medications. In this review, the antiparasitic properties of cnidarian toxins, discovered over the last two decades, were examined. A total of 61 cnidarian compounds from 18 different genera of cnidaria were studied for their antiparasitic activities. The assessed genera belonged mainly to three geographical areas: South America, North America, and Southeast Asia. The in vitro activities of crude extracts and compounds against a range of parasites including Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, T. cruzi, T. congolense, Leishmania donovani, L. chagasi, L. braziliensis, and Giardia duodenalis are reviewed. The challenges involved in developing these compounds into effective drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mostafa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Al-Emam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Antiamoebic effects of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the zoanthid Palythoa aff. clavata. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104682. [PMID: 33556696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic parasitic protozoa of genus Acanthamoeba are responsible to cause severe infections in humans such as Acanthamoeba Keratitis or Amoebic Granulomatous Encephalitis. Current treatments are usually toxic and inefficient and there is a need to access new therapeutic agents. The antiamoebic effects of nephthediol (1) and fourteen germacranolide and eudesmanolide sesquiterpene lactones (2-5, 7-12) isolated from the indigenous zoanthid Palythoa aff. clavata collected at the coast of Lanzarote, Canary Islands were studied against Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff, and the clinical strains A. polyphaga and A. griffini. 4-epi-arbusculin A (11) presented the lowest IC50 value (26,47 ± 1,69 µM) against A. castellanii Neff and low cytotoxicity against murine macrophages, followed by isobadgerin (2), which also showed to be active against A. castellanii Neff cysts. The studies on the mode of action of compounds 2 and 11 revealed these sesquiterpene lactones induce mechanisms of PDC on A. castellanii Neff.
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Avila C, Angulo-Preckler C. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:657. [PMID: 33371188 PMCID: PMC7767343 DOI: 10.3390/md18120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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Salikhov SM, Faizullina LK, Valeev FA. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of isocembrol and its hydroxy derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Avila C. Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030162. [PMID: 32183298 PMCID: PMC7143877 DOI: 10.3390/md18030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterobranch molluscs are rich in natural products. As other marine organisms, these gastropods are still quite unexplored, but they provide a stunning arsenal of compounds with interesting activities. Among their natural products, terpenoids are particularly abundant and diverse, including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids. This review evaluates the different kinds of terpenoids found in heterobranchs and reports on their bioactivity. It includes more than 330 metabolites isolated from ca. 70 species of heterobranchs. The monoterpenoids reported may be linear or monocyclic, while sesquiterpenoids may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic molecules. Diterpenoids in heterobranchs may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic compounds. Sesterterpenoids, instead, are linear, bicyclic, or tetracyclic. Triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids are not as abundant as the previously mentioned types. Within heterobranch molluscs, no terpenoids have been described in this period in tylodinoideans, cephalaspideans, or pteropods, and most terpenoids have been found in nudibranchs, anaspideans, and sacoglossans, with very few compounds in pleurobranchoideans and pulmonates. Monoterpenoids are present mostly in anaspidea, and less abundant in sacoglossa. Nudibranchs are especially rich in sesquiterpenes, which are also present in anaspidea, and in less numbers in sacoglossa and pulmonata. Diterpenoids are also very abundant in nudibranchs, present also in anaspidea, and scarce in pleurobranchoidea, sacoglossa, and pulmonata. Sesterterpenoids are only found in nudibranchia, while triterpenoids, carotenoids, and steroids are only reported for nudibranchia, pleurobranchoidea, and anaspidea. Many of these compounds are obtained from their diet, while others are biotransformed, or de novo biosynthesized by the molluscs. Overall, a huge variety of structures is found, indicating that chemodiversity correlates to the amazing biodiversity of this fascinating group of molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Galisteo Pretel A, Pérez Del Pulgar H, Guerrero de León E, López-Pérez JL, Olmeda AS, Gonzalez-Coloma A, F Barrero A, Quílez Del Moral JF. Germacrone Derivatives as new Insecticidal and Acaricidal Compounds: A Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162898. [PMID: 31404973 PMCID: PMC6720995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the use of synthetic pesticides is the main method of plant protection applied in agri- and horticulture. However, its excessive use leads to the development of pesticide resistance, a contamination of the environment, toxicity to non-target organisms, and risks for human health. With the ultimate aim of contributing to the develop of a more sustainable pest management, we used the natural product germacrone (compound 1), reported to possess significant insecticidal activity, as starting material for the generation of molecular diversity (2-24). Some of the generated derivatives are natural compounds, such as 1,10-epoxygermacrone (2), 4,5-epoxygermacrone (3), gajutsulactone A (7), germacrol (11), isogermacrone (14), 9-hydroxyeudesma-3,7(11)dien-6-one (19), eudesma-4,7(11),dien-8-one (20), eudesma-3,7(11)-dien-8-one (21) and eudesma-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one (22). Compounds, 7,11-9,10-diepoxigermacr-4,5-en-8-ol (17), 7,11-epoxieudesma-4,7(11)-dien-8-one (23) and 7,11-epoxieudesma-3,7(11)-dien-8-one (24) are described for the first time. The biocidal activity of most of these compounds was assayed against the tick Hyalomma lusitanicum. The acaricidal effects of compound 24 were four times higher than that of germacrone (1). Compound 2 is an insect antifeedant a thousand times more potent than germacrone against Rhopalosiphum padi, which makes this substance a promising selective antifeedant against this cereal pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galisteo Pretel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Helena Pérez Del Pulgar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Luis López-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama 07156, Panama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IBSAL-CIETUS, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Sonia Olmeda
- Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro F Barrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Alcyonium Octocorals: Potential Source of Diverse Bioactive Terpenoids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071370. [PMID: 30965598 PMCID: PMC6479912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcyonium corals are benthic animals, which live in different climatic areas, including temperate, Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. They were found to produce different chemical substances with molecular diversity and unique architectures. These metabolites embrace several terpenoidal classes with different functionalities. This wide array of structures supports the productivity of genus Alcyonium. Yet, majority of the reported compounds are still biologically unscreened and require substantial efforts to explore their importance. This review is an entryway to push forward the bio-investigation of this genus. It covers the era from the beginning of reporting metabolites from Alcyonium up to March 2019. Ninety-two metabolites are presented; forty-two sesquiterpenes, twenty-five diterpenes and twenty-five steroids have been reported from sixteen species.
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Sawant SS, Youssef DT, Sylvester PW, Wali V, Sayed KAE. Antiproliferative Sesquiterpenes from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton Glaucum. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum was investigated for its sesquiterpene content. A novel 1,2-dioxolane sesquiterpene alcohol, dioxosarcoguaiacol (1) along with the known (+)-alloaromadendrene are reported. The structure of the new sesquiterpene was determined on the basis of extensive spectral analyses. (+)-Alloaromadendrene showed potent inhibition of the proliferation of the highly malignant + SA mammary epithelial cells at a dose of 20μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali S. Sawant
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209
| | - Diaa T.A. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Paul W. Sylvester
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209
| | - Vikram Wali
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209
| | - Khalid A. El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 700 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71209
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Tanod WA, Yanuhar U, Maftuch, Putra MY, Risjani Y. Screening of NO Inhibitor Release Activity from Soft Coral Extracts Origin Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:126-141. [PMID: 30799798 PMCID: PMC6700601 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190222115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a marine organism, soft corals can be utilized to be various bioactive substances, especially terpenoids and steroids. The soft corals family which produces bioactive generally come from clavulariidae, alcyoniidae, nephtheidae and xeniidae family. OBJECTIVE To investigate the bioactivity of Nitric Oxide (NO) inhibitor release from soft coral crude extracts of Sinularia sp. (SCA), Nephthea sp. (SCB), Sarcophyton sp. (SCC), Sarcophyton sp. (SCD), Sinularia sp. (SCE) and Sinularia sp. (SCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Soft coral is collected from Palu Bay (Central Sulawesi). NO inhibitory release activity measured according to the Griess reaction. Soft corals sample macerated with 1:2 (w/v). Then, Soft coral extracts with the best NO Inhibitor activity partitioned with Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The bioactive of all crude extracts were identified by GC-MS to find compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. RESULTS Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) are able to inhibit NO concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.20 ± 0.04 µM at 20 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents determined and showed the potential as anti-inflammatory in the crude of Sinularia sp. (SCA) were Octacosane (3.25%). In Nephthea sp., (SCB) were Cyclohexene, 6-ethenyl-6- methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethylidene)-,(S)- (0.55%); Azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S-cis)- (0.53%); and 1,7,7-Trimethyl- 2-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (4.72%). In Sarcophyton sp, (SCC) were Eicosane (0.12%); Nonacosane (10.7%); 14(β)-Pregnane (0.87%); Octacosane 6.39%); and Tricosane (1.53%). In Sarcophyton sp. (SCD) were 14(β)-Pregnane (2.69%); and Octadecane (27.43%). In crude of Sinularia sp. (SCE) were Oleic Acid (0.63%); 7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (0.54%); 14(β)-Pregnane (1.07%); 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all-Z)- (4.60%); Octacosane (7.75%); and 1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1Hazepin- 1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide (1.23%). In the crude of Sinularia sp., (SCF) were Oxirane, decyl- (1.38%); Nonacosane (0.57%); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- (0.61%); 14B-Pregnane (0.76%); and Tetratriacontane (1.02%). CONCLUSION The extract of Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) showed the best NO inhibitory release activity. This study is making soft corals from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia can become a potential organism in the discovery and development of bioactive substances anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Alexander Tanod
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.,Institute of Fisheries and Marine (Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan), Palu, Central Sulawesi, 94118, Indonesia
| | - Uun Yanuhar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Maftuch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | | | - Yenny Risjani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory of Life Science (LSIH), Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Chakraborty K, Salas S, Joy M. An unreported bis-abeo cembrane-type diterpenoid with antioxidative and anti-lipoxygenase activities from the muricid gastropod mollusc Chicoreus ramosus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1678-1686. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1527833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya Salas
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India
| | - Minju Joy
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
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Further New Diterpenoids as PTP1B Inhibitors from the Xisha Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040103. [PMID: 29587405 PMCID: PMC5923390 DOI: 10.3390/md16040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new prenyleudesmane type diterpene, sinupol (8), and a new capnosane type diterpenoid, sinulacetate (9), were isolated from the Xisha soft coral Sinularia polydactyla along with five known related diterpenes (4–7 and 10). Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, the comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds, and time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculations. Both new compounds (8 and 9) exhibited promising inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a potential drug target for the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity.
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of February 2017Nudibranchs have attracted the attention of natural product researchers due to the potential for discovery of bioactive metabolites, in conjunction with the interesting predator-prey chemical ecological interactions that are present. This review covers the literature published on natural products isolated from nudibranchs up to February 2017 with species arranged taxonomically. Selected examples of metabolites obtained from nudibranchs across the full range of taxa are discussed, including their origins (dietary or biosynthetic) if known and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Dean
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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UHPLC-MS/MS profiling of Aplysia depilans and assessment of its potential therapeutic use: Interference on iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and caspase-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on SH-SY5Y cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ciavatta ML, García-Matucheski S, Carbone M, Villani G, Nicotera MR, Muniain C, Gavagnin M. Chemistry of Two Distinct Aeolid Spurilla
Species: Ecological Implications. Chem Biodivers 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Stella García-Matucheski
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Campus Miguelete 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Guido Villani
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Nicotera
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
| | - Claudia Muniain
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Campus Miguelete 1650 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Campi Flegrei 34 IT-80078 Pozzuoli Naples Italy
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Bogdanov A, Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Nietzer S, Rohde S, Schupp PJ, Wägele H, König GM. Secondary metabolome and its defensive role in the aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum, (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia). Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:502-519. [PMID: 28405231 PMCID: PMC5372768 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllodesmium longicirrum is the largest aeolidoidean species known to date, and extremely rich in terpenoid chemistry. Herein we report the isolation of a total of 19 secondary metabolites from a single specimen of this species, i.e., steroids 1-4, cembranoid diterpenes 5-13, complex biscembranoids 14 and 15, and the chatancin-type diterpenes 16-19. These compounds resemble those from soft corals of the genus Sarcophyton, of which to date, however, only S. trocheliophorum is described as a food source for P. longicirrum. Fish feeding deterrent activity was determined using the tropical puffer fish Canthigaster solandri, and showed activity for (2S)-isosarcophytoxide (10), cembranoid bisepoxide 12 and 4-oxochatancin (16). Determining the metabolome of P. longicirrum and its bioactivity, makes it evident that this seemingly vulnerable soft bodied animal is well protected from fish by its chemical arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Bogdanov A, Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Nietzer S, Rohde S, Schupp PJ, Wägele H, König GM. Defensive Diterpene from the Aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:611-615. [PMID: 26649919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodesmium is a tropical marine slug genus with about 30 described species. None of them have a protective shell, and all of them feed on octocorals that are generally known to provide defensive compounds and thus help to defend the naked slugs against sympatric predators, such as fish, crabs, cephalopods, and echinoderms. Phyllodesmium longicirrum is the species that grows the biggest and that is least protected by camouflage on its respective food, usually a soft coral of the genus Sarcophyton. Investigation of the lipophilic extract of a single specimen of P. longicirrum from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) led to the isolation of four new polycyclic diterpenes. Compound 1 showed significant deterrent activity in a fish feeding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig , Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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19
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Almeida MTR, Moritz MIG, Capel KC, Pérez CD, Schenkel EP. Chemical and biological aspects of octocorals from the Brazilian coast. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Chen D, Cheng W, Liu D, van Ofwegen L, Proksch P, Lin W. Capillosananes S–Z, new sesquiterpenoids from the soft coral Sinularia capillosa. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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von Salm JL, Wilson NG, Vesely BA, Kyle DE, Cuce J, Baker BJ. Shagenes A and B, new tricyclic sesquiterpenes produced by an undescribed Antarctic octocoral. Org Lett 2014; 16:2630-3. [PMID: 24779517 DOI: 10.1021/ol500792x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of two new tricyclic sesquiterpenoids, shagenes A (1) and B (2) are presented. These compounds were isolated from an undescribed soft coral collected from the Scotia Arc in the Southern Ocean. One- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry provided the data necessary to characterize the compounds and their relative stereochemical configurations. Exploration of the bioactivity of shagenes A and B found 1 active against the visceral leishmaniasis causing parasite, Leishmania donovani, with no cytotoxicity against the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L von Salm
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation and §Department of Global Health, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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22
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Kelsoenethiol and dikelsoenyl ether, two unique kelsoane-type sesquiterpenes, from the Formosan soft coral Nephthea erecta. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:473-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Hou P, Zeng Y, Ma B, Bi K, Chen X. A new cytotoxic cembrane diterpene from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:10-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Abou El-Ezz RF, Ahmed SA, Radwan MM, Ayoub NA, Afifi MS, Ross SA, Szymanski PT, Fahmy H, Khalifa SI. Bioactive cembranoids from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Fattorusso E, Luciano P, Putra MY, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Ianaro A, Panza E, Bavestrello G, Cerrano C. Chloroscabrolides, chlorinated norcembranoids from the Indonesian soft coral Sinularia sp. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Mao SC, Gavagnin M, Mollo E, Guo YW. A new rare asteriscane sesquiterpene and other related derivatives from the Hainan aeolid nudibranch Phyllodesmium magnum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Coll JC, Bowden BF, König GM, Braslau R, Price IR. Studies of Australian Soft Corals. XXXX.1 The Natural Products Chemistry of Alcyonacean Soft Corals with Special Reference to the Genus Lobophytum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19860950909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Putz A, König GM, Wägele H. Defensive strategies of Cladobranchia (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1386-402. [DOI: 10.1039/b923849m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Cheng SY, Huang YC, Wen ZH, Hsu CH, Wang SK, Dai CF, Duh CY. New 19-oxygenated and 4-methylated steroids from the Formosan soft coral Nephthea chabroli. Steroids 2009; 74:543-7. [PMID: 19428443 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the Formosan soft coral Nephthea chabroli resulted in the isolation of four new 19-oxygenated steroids, nebrosteroids I-L (1-4), together with a new 4alpha-methylated steroid, nebrosteroid M (5). The molecular structures of these isolated metabolites were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the data with those of related metabolites. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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30
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Yao LG, Liu HL, Guo YW, Mollo E. New Cembranoids from the Hainan Soft CoralSarcophyton glaucum. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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32
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Cheng SY, Wen ZH, Wang SK, Chiang MY, El-Gamal AAH, Dai CF, Duh CY. Revision of the absolute configuration at C(23) of lanostanoids and isolation of secondary metabolites from formosan soft coral Nephthea erecta. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:86-95. [PMID: 19180458 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three new oxygenated ergostanoids, 1-3, one known ergostanoid, 4, one new trinoreudesmadienone, 5, one new calamenene type sesquiterpene, 6, and one known aristolane-type sesquiterpene, (-)-aristolone (7), have been isolated from the AcOEt extract of the soft coral Nephthea erecta. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis, as well as Mosher's method. We revised the absolute configuration at C(23) in the side chain of some lanostanoids as a result of the Mosher's products of 1 (i.e., 1a and 1b). The cytotoxicities against selected cancer cells and the anti-inflammatory effects of these tested metabolites 1-7 were determined in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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33
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Affeld S, Kehraus S, Wägele H, König GM. Dietary derived sesquiterpenes from Phyllodesmium lizardensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:298-300. [PMID: 19173621 DOI: 10.1021/np800583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered new aeolidean species Phyllodesmium lizardensis Burghardt, Schrodl and Wagele, 2008 was investigated concerning its secondary metabolite profile. P. lizardensis so far has only been found on Lizard Island. Analysis of P. lizardensis led to the isolation of the new sesquiterpenes (+)-3beta-hydroxy-alpha-muurolene (1) and (+)-3beta-acetoxy-alpha-muurolene (2). GC-MS analysis of the host coral, identified as Heteroxenia sp., also showed the presence of compounds 1 and 2, whereas a sympatric Xenia species lacks these products. These results indicate that P. lizardensis specifically sequesters these compounds from Heteroxenia sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Affeld
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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34
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Cytotoxic Effect of the Genus Sinularia Extracts on Human SCC25 and HaCaT Cells. J Toxicol 2008; 2009:634868. [PMID: 20130779 PMCID: PMC2809361 DOI: 10.1155/2009/634868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft corals of the
genus Sinularia are being
increasingly adopted to treat a wide variety of
disease processes. However,
the mechanism underlying its activity against human oral cancer cells is poorly
understood. This study evaluates the cyototoxicity effects of the genus
Sinularia extracts (S.
grandilobata, S. parva, S. triangula, S. scabra,
S. nanolobata and S. gibberosa) by
SCC25 and HaCaT cells. The cell adhesion assay
indicates that extracts reduce the cell
attachment. Extracts exhibit a dose-dependent
cytotoxic effect using MTS assay.Treatment of extracts to observe
the morphological alterations in cells, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and
apoptotic bodies is demonstrated. Flow cytometry shows that extracts
sensitized the cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases with a concomitant significantly increased sub-G1 fraction, suggesting cell death by apoptosis. Extracts
of the genus Sinularia thus apparently cause
apoptosis of SCC25 and HaCaT cells, and warrant further research
investigating the possible antioral cancer compounds in these
soft corals.
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35
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Huang YC, Wen ZH, Wang SK, Hsu CH, Duh CY. New anti-inflammatory 4-methylated steroids from the Formosan soft coral Nephthea chabroli. Steroids 2008; 73:1181-6. [PMID: 18585746 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight new 4-methylated steroids, nebrosteroids A-H (1-8) were isolated from the acetone solubles of the Formosan soft coral Nephthea chabroli. The structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis and their anti-inflammatory activity was measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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36
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Cheng SY, Dai CF, Duh CY. Sesquiterpenoids and artificial 19-oxygenated steroids from the formosan soft coral Nephthea erecta. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1449-53. [PMID: 17845002 DOI: 10.1021/np070189t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigations on the acetone and MeOH solubles of the soft coral Nephthea erecta have afforded five new sesquiterpenoids (1-5), one known sesquiterpene, kelsoene (6), and two known 19-oxygenated steroids (10 and 11). In addition, three unexpected artificial 19-oxygenated steroids (7-9) were obtained by letting 10 and 11 stand in CDCl(3) for prolonged periods of time. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells was measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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37
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Cheng SY, Dai CF, Duh CY. New 4-methylated and 19-oxygenated steroids from the Formosan soft coral Nephthea erecta. Steroids 2007; 72:653-9. [PMID: 17585977 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new 4-methylated steroids, erectasteroids A and B (1 and 2), six new 19-oxygenated steroids, erectasteroids C-H (3-8) and two known 19-oxygenated steroids (9 and 10) were isolated from the acetone solubles of the Formosan soft coral Nephthea erecta. The structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells was measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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38
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Wang SK, Duh CY. Nardosinane Sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Nephthea elongata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:762-5. [PMID: 17473464 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven new nardosinane sesquiterpenoids, elongatols A-G (1-7) were isolated from the methylene chloride solubles of the Formosan soft coral Nephthea elongata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells was measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Kwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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39
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El-Gamal AAH, Wang SK, Duh CY. Prenylbicyclogermacrane Diterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Nephthea elongata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:890-3. [PMID: 17541187 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven new prenylbicyclogermacrane diterpenoids, pacificins K--Q (1--7), were isolated from the methylene chloride solubles of the Formosan soft coral Nephthea elongata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and their cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells was measured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali Hassan El-Gamal
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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40
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Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids from the plants of the Asteraceae family. Biosynthetic studies or chemical syntheses leading to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 593 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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41
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Abreu PJM. Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrroloterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:630-51. [PMID: 16874393 DOI: 10.1039/b604586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510-301, China.
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42
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Benkendorff K, Davis AR, Bremner JB. Chemical defense in the egg masses of benthic invertebrates: an assessment of antibacterial activity in 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes. J Invertebr Pathol 2001; 78:109-18. [PMID: 11812113 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2001.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many marine invertebrates deposit benthic egg masses that are potentially vulnerable to microbial infection. To help counter this threat these species may have evolved some form of chemical protection for their encapsulated embryos. In this study the egg masses from 7 marine mollusks were tested for antibacterial activity against 4 marine pathogens: Enterococcus sericolicida, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. Extracts from all of these egg masses were found to inhibit the growth of at least 1 marine bacterium at concentrations that approximate the natural concentration of extract in the egg masses. The egg masses of 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes were then tested for antibacterial activity against 3 human pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Activity was detected in the egg masses from 34 species, including 2 polychaetes and mollusks from two classes and 18 families. Antibacterial activity in molluskan egg masses was found to extend across the marine, estuarine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. Both gelatinous egg masses and tough egg capsules were found to inhibit microbial growth, suggesting that physical protection alone may not be sufficient to protect the eggs. Antimicrobial activity was observed in the fresh egg masses but not in the well-developed egg masses of a subset of species. The results of this study indicate that a wide range of invertebrates use chemical defense to protect their early stage embryos against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Benkendorff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.
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Aceret TL, Sammarco PW, Coll JC, Uchio Y. Discrimination between several diterpenoid compounds in feeding by Gambusia affinis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 128:55-63. [PMID: 11166674 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(00)00182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The alcyonacean soft coral Sinularia flexibilis Quoy and Gaimard produces a number of bioactive complementary (secondary) metabolites. The ability of three of these diterpenes - flexibilide, sinulariolide and dihydroflexibilide - to elicit differential discriminatory feeding behavior in Gambusia affinis was assessed in a feeding deterrence study. Terpene-impregnated fish flakes were offered to fish trained to feed on such food, and their responses (acceptance, rejection, avoidance, or no response) were assessed as indicative of feeding deterrence. Food treated with sinulariolide (a compound previously determined to be non-bioactive) was generally accepted at a 1% concentration. It was avoided and rejected, however, at a concentration of 10%, a concentration level generally restricted to polyp-rich branchlets. This indicated negative olfactory and palatability cues, respectively. Flexibilide-treated flakes were accepted to some extent by the fish at the 1% concentration, but strongly avoided at the 10% concentration, indicating effective feeding deterrence via olfaction. Dihydroflexibilide-impregnated flakes were strongly rejected even at low concentrations (1%) after tasting, indicating a negative palatibility cue. They were strongly avoided or rejected at higher concentrations (10%), indicating a negative olfactory cue as well. This response at higher concentrations indicates that sinulariolide and flexibilide become effective at concentrations between 1% and 10%. Such concentrations may be found in the polypary (polyp-bearing portion) of the soft coral colonies. Dihydroflexibilide elicited the strongest negative palatability response from these test fish. The feeding deterrence characteristics of the compounds determined here represent the potentials of individual compounds to elicit differential feeding responses in organisms like Gambusia which are capable of discriminating between different but closely related complementary (secondary) metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Aceret
- Department of Molecular Sciences, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Qld. 4811, Australia
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Abstract
Convergences concomitant with the occurrence of modular growth among systematically remote plant and invertebrate taxa not only reflect similar optimal ways of exploiting resources such as space, but also common defensive requirements among such organisms. This paper analyses the kinds of unfavourable interspecific interactions, principally predation, epibiosis, and endobiosis, which are found among the major aquatic invertebrate groups that may be considered to be modular (Porifera, Bryozoa, and some of the Coelenterata and Tunicata). Most of the organisms are also non-locomotory, and in extreme cases, virtually immotile. The defence mechanisms of organisms exhibiting the opposing traits of (i) modular and unitary organization, and (ii) motility and immotility, are compared and contrasted. There is a more widespread occurrence of defence (i) by means of consolidated and unconsolidated skeletal reinforcement, and (ii) by actively and passively dispensed secondary substances, in less motile than in more motile organisms. These defensive modes represent alternatives to ‘fight’ and ‘flight’ responses seen within the more motile invertebrates. Lack of motility is of greater significance in correlating defensive modes than is modularity. The balance between physical and chemical mechanisms used in defence can vary, even among closely related taxa. A more particular pattern of significance is the more widespread occurrence of defence by the use of passively dispensed chemical substances within modular, rather than unitary non-locomotory invertebrate groups. This may be a response to the increased risks of pathogenic infection which modular biota face through their susceptibility to frequent large scale wounding and partial mortality.
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Imamura PM, Nogueira RT. A Convenient Synthesis of C-8 Oxo-eudesmane. Total Synthesis of (±)-Eudesma-5,7(11)-dien-8-one. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wahlberg I, Eklund AM. Cembranoids, Pseudopteranoids, and Cubitanoids of Natural Occurrence. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9150-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Biosynthetic processes in soft corals. I. A comparison of terpene biosynthesis in Alcyonium molle (Alcyoniidae) and Heteroxenia sp. (xeniidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lack of predictability in terpenoid function Multiple roles and integration with related adaptations in soft corals. J Chem Ecol 1990; 16:273-89. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01021284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1989] [Accepted: 03/17/1989] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Aqueous and/or aqueous ethanol extracts were made of 58 scleractinian species from 11 families, collected from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. At least one extract from each of 53 species (91%) exhibited activity against at least one bioassay system. Extracts from at least one colony of each of 41 species of the 58 tested were toxic to mice when injected i.p. Cytolysis of sheep red blood cells was produced by extracts from at least one colony of each of 49 species of the 57 species tested and antibacterial activity was present in extracts from at least one colony of each of 37 species of the 55 tested. Only four species from 45 species assayed yielded extracts toxic to mosquito fish. This is the first report of bioactivity in extracts of 46 species of coral and the first report of bioactivity of extracts of corals from the families Mussidae, Merulinidae, Siderastreidae, Oculinidae and Dendrophylliidae. Variable results on a particular bioassay exhibited by extracts from different colonies of a given species were analysed by the Generalized Linear Interactive Modelling system (GLIM). Toxicity to mice, cytolytic and antimicrobial activity are not significantly correlated with each other. No model could be generated to explain the variation in the incidence of cytolytic activity nor of antimicrobial activity. However antimicrobial activity varied significantly between collection trips and was negatively associated with the presence of immature gonads in the colonies. The model predicts that toxicity to mice will be higher in extracts collected when average maximum monthly air temperature is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gunthorpe
- Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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