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Bertram J, Bichet C, Moiron M, Schupp PJ, Bouwhuis S. Sex- and age-specific mercury accumulation in a long-lived seabird. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172330. [PMID: 38599409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mercury levels in the environment are increasing, such that they are also expected to accumulate in top-predators, but individual-based longitudinal studies required to investigate this are rare. Between 2017 and 2023, we therefore collected 1314 blood samples from 588 individual common terns (Sterna hirundo) to examine how total blood mercury concentration changed with age, and whether this differed between the sexes. Blood mercury concentrations were highly variable, but all exceeded toxicity thresholds above which adverse health effects were previously observed. A global model showed blood mercury to be higher in older birds of both sexes. Subsequent models partitioning the age effect into within- and among-individual components revealed a linear within-individual accumulation with age in females, and a decelerating within-individual accumulation with age in males. Time spent at the (particularly contaminated) breeding grounds prior to sampling, as well as egg laying in females, were also found to affect mercury concentrations. As such, our study provides evidence that male and female common terns differentially accumulate mercury in their blood as they grow older and calls for further studies of the underlying mechanisms as well as its consequences for fitness components, such as reproductive performance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bertram
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen DE 26386, Germany.
| | - Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Maria Moiron
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen DE 26386, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Department for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Terramare, Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen DE 26382, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg DE 26129, Germany
| | - Sandra Bouwhuis
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen DE 26386, Germany
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2
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Brefeld D, Di Mauro V, Kellermann MY, Nietzer S, Moeller M, Lütjens LH, Pawlowski S, Petersen-Thiery M, Schupp PJ. Acute Toxicity Assays with Adult Coral Fragments: A Method for Standardization. Toxics 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38276714 PMCID: PMC10818607 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Coral reefs are globally declining due to various anthropogenic stressors. Amongst those, chemical pollutants, such as pesticides from agricultural runoff, sewage or an overabundance of personal care products in coastal waters due to intense tourism, may be considered as a local stressor for reef-building corals. The extent to which such chemicals exhibit toxic effects towards corals at environmentally relevant concentrations is currently controversially discussed and existing studies are often based on varying and sometimes deficient test methods. To address this uncertainty, we adapted available methods into a reliable and comprehensive acute coral toxicity test method for the reef-building coral Montipora digitata. The toxicities of the four substances benzophenone-3 (BP-3), Diuron (DCMU), copper (Cu2+ as CuCl2, positive control) and dimethylformamide (DMF, solvent) were assessed in a 96 h semi-static test design. Endpoints such as maximum quantum yield, bleaching, tissue loss and mortality were evaluated with respect to their suitability for regulatory purposes. Overall, the endpoints bleaching and mortality yielded sensitive and robust results for the four tested substances. As the test method follows the principles of internationally standardized testing methods (ISO, OECD), it can be considered suitable for further validation and standardization. Once validated, a standardized test method will help to obtain reproducible toxicity results useful for marine hazard and risk assessment and regulatory decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brefeld
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
| | - Valentina Di Mauro
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
| | - Mareen Moeller
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
| | - Laura H. Lütjens
- Department of Product Safety, Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sascha Pawlowski
- Department of Product Safety, Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mechtild Petersen-Thiery
- Product Stewardship and EHS Data Management, BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Rheinpromenade 1, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (V.D.M.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Bonthond G, Beermann J, Gutow L, Neumann A, Barboza FR, Desiderato A, Fofonova V, Helber SB, Khodami S, Kraan C, Neumann H, Rohde S, Schupp PJ. Benthic microbial biogeographic trends in the North Sea are shaped by an interplay of environmental drivers and bottom trawling effort. ISME Commun 2023; 3:132. [PMID: 38102238 PMCID: PMC10724143 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial composition and diversity in marine sediments are shaped by environmental, biological, and anthropogenic processes operating at different scales. However, our understanding of benthic microbial biogeography remains limited. Here, we used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to characterize benthic microbiota in the North Sea from the top centimeter of 339 sediment samples. We utilized spatially explicit statistical models, to disentangle the effects of the different predictors, including bottom trawling intensity, a prevalent industrial fishing practice which heavily impacts benthic ecosystems. Fitted models demonstrate how the geographic interplay of different environmental and anthropogenic drivers shapes the diversity, structure and potential metabolism of benthic microbial communities. Sediment properties were the primary determinants, with diversity increasing with sediment permeability but also with mud content, highlighting different underlying processes. Additionally, diversity and structure varied with total organic matter content, temperature, bottom shear stress and bottom trawling. Changes in diversity associated with bottom trawling intensity were accompanied by shifts in predicted energy metabolism. Specifically, with increasing trawling intensity, we observed a transition toward more aerobic heterotrophic and less denitrifying predicted metabolism. Our findings provide first insights into benthic microbial biogeographic patterns on a large spatial scale and illustrate how anthropogenic activity such as bottom trawling may influence the distribution and abundances of microbes and potential metabolism at macroecological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bonthond
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Jan Beermann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lars Gutow
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Desiderato
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Vera Fofonova
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Stephanie B Helber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sahar Khodami
- Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Casper Kraan
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hermann Neumann
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Mueller JS, Grammel PJ, Bill N, Rohde S, Schupp PJ. Mass mortality event of the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia sp.: population dynamics and size distribution in Koh Phangan, Gulf of Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16561. [PMID: 38107566 PMCID: PMC10722979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are prominent organisms of the benthic coral reef fauna, providing important ecosystem services. While there have been increasing reports that sponges are becoming one of the dominant benthic organisms in some locations and ecoregions (e.g. Caribbean), they can be impacted by changing environmental conditions. This study presents the first documentation of a mass mortality event of the barrel sponge Xestospongia sp. in the lower Gulf of Thailand and its consequences on population dynamics and size distribution. Two anthropogenic impacted reefs (Haad Khom and Mae Haad) of the island Koh Phangan and two anthropogenic non-impacted reefs of the islands Koh Yippon and Hin Yippon within the Mu Ko Ang Thong Marine National Park were surveyed in the years 2015 and 2016. The results showed a strong shift in population densities at Koh Phangan. Fatal "bleaching" ending up in mass mortality was observed for these reefs in 2015. Xestospongia sp. abundance decreased from 2015 to 2016 by 80.6% at Haad Khom and by 98.4% at Mae Haad. Sponges of all sizes were affected, and mortality occurred regardless of the survey depth (4 and 6 m). However, Xestospongia population densities in the Marine Park were at a constant level during the surveys. The abundances in 2015 were 65% higher at the Marine Park than at Koh Phangan and 92% higher in 2016. The most likely causes of the mass mortality event was a local harmful algal bloom event, pathogens, undetected local higher water temperatures, or a combination of these factors, whereas sea surface temperature analyses showed no marine heatwave during the observed mass mortality event in 2015. Considering the ecological importance of sponges such as Xestospongia sp., long-term monitoring of reefs and their environmental parameters should be implemented to prevent such mass die-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S. Mueller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Paul-Jannis Grammel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Bill
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Dewenter J, Yong J, Schupp PJ, Lõhmus K, Kröncke I, Moorthi S, Pieck D, Kuczynski L, Rohde S. Abundance, biomass and species richness of macrozoobenthos along an intertidal elevation gradient. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10815. [PMID: 38107424 PMCID: PMC10721958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecology aims to comprehend species distribution and its interaction with environmental factors, from global to local scales. While global environmental changes affect marine biodiversity, understanding the drivers at smaller scales remains crucial. Tidal flats can be found on most of the world's coastlines and are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. They are important transient ecosystems between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their biodiversity provides important ecosystem services. Owing to this unique, terrestrial-marine transition, strong environmental gradients of elevation, sediment composition and food availability prevail. Here, we investigated which regional and local environmental factors drive the spatio-temporal dynamics of macrozoobenthos communities on back-barrier tidal flats in the East Frisian Wadden Sea. On the regional level, we found that species composition changed significantly from west to east on the East Frisian islands and that total abundance and species richness decreased from west to east. On the local abiotic level, we found that macrozoobenthos biomass decreased with higher elevation towards the salt marsh and that the total abundance of organisms in the sediment significantly increased with increasing mud content, while biodiversity and biomass were not changing significantly. In contrast to expectations, increasing Chl a availability as a measure of primary productivity did not result in changes in abundance, biomass or biodiversity, but extremely high total organic carbon (TOC) content was associated with a decrease in biomass and biodiversity. In conclusion, we found regional and local relationships that are similar to those observed in previous studies on macrozoobenthos in the Wadden Sea. Macrozoobenthos biomass, abundance and biodiversity are interrelated in a complex way with the physical, abiotic and biotic processes in and above the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dewenter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
- Department for Marine ResearchSenckenberg am MeerWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Joanne Yong
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Kertu Lõhmus
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences (IBU), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Ingrid Kröncke
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
- Department for Marine ResearchSenckenberg am MeerWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Stefanie Moorthi
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Daniela Pieck
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Lucie Kuczynski
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgOldenburgGermany
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Di Mauro V, Kamyab E, Kellermann MY, Moeller M, Nietzer S, Luetjens LH, Pawlowski S, Petersen-Thiery M, Schupp PJ. Ecotoxicological Effects of Four Commonly Used Organic Solvents on the Scleractinian Coral Montipora digitata. Toxics 2023; 11:367. [PMID: 37112595 PMCID: PMC10146860 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic solvents are often used in aquatic toxicity tests to facilitate the testing of hydrophobic or poorly water-soluble substances such as ultraviolet (UV) filters, pesticides, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Knowledge of intrinsic effects (i.e., measured as standardized and non-standardized endpoints) of such carrier solvents in non-standardized organisms (i.e., corals), is critical to regulatory processes. Therefore, we exposed the reef-building coral Montipora digitata to the most commonly used carrier solvents ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide in the range of 10-100 µL L-1 for 16 days. The effects on mortality, photobiological, morphological, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. In our study, all solvents resulted in significant morphological and/or oxidative stress responses, but not in mortality. Moreover, ethanol led to a rapid increase in turbidity, thus questioning its suitability as a carrier solvent in aquatic studies in general. Based on our observations, we could rank the solvent effects as follows: dimethylformamide < dimethyl sulfoxide ≈ methanol ≤ ethanol, with dimethylformamide showing the least and ethanol the most pronounced effects. We conclude that the use of solvents in toxicity studies with corals, particularly by examining non-standardized (e.g., morphological, physiological) endpoints, should be taken with caution and requires further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Mauro
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Elham Kamyab
- German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Mareen Moeller
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Laura H. Luetjens
- Department of Product Safety, Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sascha Pawlowski
- Department of Product Safety, Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mechtild Petersen-Thiery
- Product Stewardship and EHS Data Management, BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Rheinpromenade 1, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Petersen LE, Kellermann MY, Fiegel LJ, Nietzer S, Bickmeyer U, Abele D, Schupp PJ. Photodegradation of a bacterial pigment and resulting hydrogen peroxide release enable coral settlement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3562. [PMID: 36864107 PMCID: PMC9981606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The global degradation of coral reefs is steadily increasing with ongoing climate change. Yet coral larvae settlement, a key mechanism of coral population rejuvenation and recovery, is largely understudied. Here, we show how the lipophilic, settlement-inducing bacterial pigment cycloprodigiosin (CYPRO) is actively harvested and subsequently enriched along the ectoderm of larvae of the scleractinian coral Leptastrea purpura. A light-dependent reaction transforms the CYPRO molecules through photolytic decomposition and provides a constant supply of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to attachment on the substrate and metamorphosis into a coral recruit. Micromolar concentrations of H2O2 in seawater also resulted in rapid metamorphosis, but without prior larval attachment. We propose that the morphogen CYPRO is responsible for initiating attachment while simultaneously acting as a molecular generator for the comprehensive metamorphosis of pelagic larvae. Ultimately, our approach opens a novel mechanistic dimension to the study of chemical signaling in coral settlement and provides unprecedented insights into the role of infochemicals in cross-kingdom interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Erik Petersen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias Y Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Laura J Fiegel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Doris Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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8
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Bertram J, Kürten N, Bichet C, Schupp PJ, Bouwhuis S. Mercury contamination level is repeatable and predicted by wintering area in a long-distance migratory seabird. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120107. [PMID: 36089143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environmental presence of mercury has dramatically increased over the past century, leading to increased uptake, especially by top predators such as seabirds. Understanding the exact sources of contamination requires an individual-level approach, which is especially challenging for species that migrate. We took such an approach and located the wintering areas of 80 common terns (Sterna hirundo) through tracking, and, across years, collected feathers grown in those areas to assess their mercury levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Although feathers of males and females did not differ in their mercury level, we found the average feather mercury level to be highest in birds wintering in the Canary Current (3.87 μg g-1), medium in birds wintering in the Guinea Current (2.27 μg g-1) and lowest in birds wintering in the Benguela Current (1.96 μg g-1). Furthermore, we found considerable inter-annual fluctuations in feather mercury levels, a within-individual repeatability of 41%, that the mercury levels of 17% of feather samples exceeded the admitted toxicity threshold of 5 μg g-1, and that the overall mean concentration of 3.4 μg g-1 exceeded that of other published reports for the species. Further studies therefore should assess whether these levels lead to individual-level carry-over effects on survival and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bertram
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Kürten
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bouwhuis
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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9
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Busch K, Slaby BM, Bach W, Boetius A, Clefsen I, Colaço A, Creemers M, Cristobo J, Federwisch L, Franke A, Gavriilidou A, Hethke A, Kenchington E, Mienis F, Mills S, Riesgo A, Ríos P, Roberts EM, Sipkema D, Pita L, Schupp PJ, Xavier J, Rapp HT, Hentschel U. Biodiversity, environmental drivers, and sustainability of the global deep-sea sponge microbiome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5160. [PMID: 36056000 PMCID: PMC9440067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the deep ocean symbioses between microbes and invertebrates are emerging as key drivers of ecosystem health and services. We present a large-scale analysis of microbial diversity in deep-sea sponges (Porifera) from scales of sponge individuals to ocean basins, covering 52 locations, 1077 host individuals translating into 169 sponge species (including understudied glass sponges), and 469 reference samples, collected anew during 21 ship-based expeditions. We demonstrate the impacts of the sponge microbial abundance status, geographic distance, sponge phylogeny, and the physical-biogeochemical environment as drivers of microbiome composition, in descending order of relevance. Our study further discloses that fundamental concepts of sponge microbiology apply robustly to sponges from the deep-sea across distances of >10,000 km. Deep-sea sponge microbiomes are less complex, yet more heterogeneous, than their shallow-water counterparts. Our analysis underscores the uniqueness of each deep-sea sponge ground based on which we provide critical knowledge for conservation of these vulnerable ecosystems. This study presents a large-scale analysis of microbial diversity in deep-sea sponges. They show that sponge microbial abundance status, geographic distance, sponge phylogeny and the physical-biogeochemical environment drive microbiome composition, in descending order of relevance. The uniqueness of each deep-sea sponge ground stresses the need for their strategic preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Busch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Beate M Slaby
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bach
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,MPI-Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,AWI-Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ina Clefsen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Colaço
- OKEANOS-Institute of Marine Research, University of the Açores, Rua Prof Frederico Machado, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Marie Creemers
- OKEANOS-Institute of Marine Research, University of the Açores, Rua Prof Frederico Machado, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.,MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171 - 34203, Sète, France
| | - Javier Cristobo
- IEO-CSIC-Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Oceanographic Centre Gijón, Avda. Principe de Asturias 70 bis, 33212, Gijón, Spain
| | - Luisa Federwisch
- AWI-Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.,University of Bremen, Faculty 2 Biology/Chemistry, Leobener Str., 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- IKMB-Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Asimenia Gavriilidou
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Hethke
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ellen Kenchington
- DFO-Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, 1 Challenger Dr., B2Y 4A2, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Furu Mienis
- NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Sadie Mills
- NIWA-National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ana Riesgo
- MNCN-National Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,NHM-Natural History Museum of London, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK
| | - Pilar Ríos
- IEO-CSIC-Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Oceanographic Centre Gijón, Avda. Principe de Asturias 70 bis, 33212, Gijón, Spain
| | - Emyr Martyn Roberts
- University of Bergen, Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB, Anglesey, UK
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucía Pita
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,ICM-CSIC-Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J Schupp
- ICBM-Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,HIFMB-Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joana Xavier
- University of Bergen, Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway.,CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hans Tore Rapp
- University of Bergen, Department of Biological Sciences and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Pira H, Risdian C, Müsken M, Schupp PJ, Wink J. Photobacterium arenosum WH24, Isolated from the Gill of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas from the North Sea of Germany: Co-cultivation and Prediction of Virulence. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:219. [PMID: 35704100 PMCID: PMC9200695 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cream colored bacteria from marine agar, strain WH24, WH77, and WH80 were isolated from the gill of the Crassostrea gigas a Pacific oyster with a filter-feeding habit that compels accompanying bacteria to demonstrate a high metabolic capacity, has proven able to colonize locations with changing circumstances. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, all strains had high similarity to Photobacterium arenosum CAU 1568T (99.72%). This study involved phenotypic traits, phylogenetic analysis, antimicrobial activity evaluation, genome mining, Co-cultivation experiments, and chemical studies of crude extracts using HPLC and LC-HRESIMS. Photobacterium arenosum WH24 and Zooshikella harenae WH53Twere co-cultivated for 3 days in a rotary shaker at 160 rpm at 30 °C, and LC-MS monitored the chemical profiles of the co-cultures on the third day. The UV chromatograms of the extracts of the co-cultivation experiments show that Zooshikella harenae WH53T could be inhibited by strain WH24. The high virulence of Photobacterium arenosum WH24 was confirmed by genome analysis. Gene groups with high virulence potential were detected: tssA (ImpA), tssB (ImpB/vipA), tssC (ImpC/vipB), tssE, tssF (ImpG/vasA), tssG (ImpH/vasB), tssM (IcmF/vasK), tssJ (vasD), tssK (ImpJ/vasE), tssL (ImpK/vasF), clpV (tssH), vasH, hcp, lapP, plpD, and tpsB family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Pira
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wink
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
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11
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Chow SW, Keshavmurthy S, Reimer JD, de Voogd N, Huang H, Wang JT, Tang SL, Schupp PJ, Tan CH, Liew HC, Soong K, Subhan B, Madduppa H, Chen CA. Population genetics and demography of the coral-killing cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios hoshinota, in the Indo-West Pacific. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13451. [PMID: 35669953 PMCID: PMC9165603 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The first occurrence of the cyanobacteriosponge Terpios hoshinota was reported from coral reefs in Guam in 1973, but was only formally described in 1993. Since then, the invasive behavior of this encrusting, coral-killing sponge has been observed in many coral reefs in the West Pacific. From 2015, its occurrence has expanded westward to the Indian Ocean. Although many studies have investigated the morphology, ecology, and symbiotic cyanobacteria of this sponge, little is known of its population genetics and demography. In this study, a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) fragment and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were sequenced to reveal the genetic variation of T. hoshinota collected from 11 marine ecoregions throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Both of the statistical parsimony networks based on the COI and nuclear ITS2 were dominated by a common haplotype. Pairwise F ST and Isolation-by-distance by Mantel test of ITS2 showed moderate gene flow existed among most populations in the marine ecoregions of West Pacific, Coral Triangle, and Eastern Indian Ocean, but with a restricted gene flow between these regions and Maldives in the Central Indian Ocean. Demographic analyses of most T. hoshinota populations were consistent with the mutation-drift equilibrium, except for the Sulawesi Sea and Maldives, which showed bottlenecks following recent expansion. Our results suggest that while long-range dispersal might explain the capability of T. hoshinota to spread in the IWP, stable population demography might account for the long-term persistence of T. hoshinota outbreaks on local reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna Wenhua Chow
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - James Davis Reimer
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Science, University of Ryukyus, Naha, Okinawa, Japan,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nicole de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jih-Terng Wang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chun Hong Tan
- School of Marine and Environmental Sceinces, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hock-Chark Liew
- Sdn Bhd. Jalan Hiliran, Kuala Terengganu, Alchemy Laboratory & Services, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Keryea Soong
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Beginer Subhan
- Department of Marine Science & Technology, Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hawis Madduppa
- Department of Marine Science & Technology, Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Curdt F, Schupp PJ, Rohde S. Light Availability Affects the Symbiosis of Sponge Specific Cyanobacteria and the Common Blue Aquarium Sponge (Lendenfeldia chondrodes). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101283. [PMID: 35625129 PMCID: PMC9137838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts in marine sponges play a decisive role in the biological and ecological functioning of their hosts. Although this topic has been the focus of numerous studies, data from experiments under controlled conditions are rare. To analyze the ongoing metabolic processes, we investigated the symbiosis of the sponge specific cyanobacterium Synechococcus spongiarum and its sponge host Lendenfeldia chondrodes under varying light conditions in a defined aquarium setting for 68 days. Sponge clonal pieces were kept at four different light intensities, ranging from no light to higher intensities that were assumed to trigger light stress. Growth as a measure of host performance and photosynthetic yield as a proxy of symbiont photosynthetic activity were measured throughout the experiment. The lack of light prevented sponge growth and induced the expulsion of all cyanobacteria and related pigments by the end of the experiment. Higher light conditions allowed rapid sponge growth and high cyanobacteria densities. In addition, photosynthetically active radiation above a certain level triggered an increase in cyanobacteria’s lutein levels, a UV absorbing protein, thus protecting itself and the host’s cells from UV radiation damage. Thus, L. chondrodes seems to benefit strongly from hosting the cyanbacterium S. spongiarum and the relationship should be considered obligatory mutualistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Curdt
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Department for Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment Terramare, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (F.C.); (P.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-442-194-4215
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13
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Reverter M, Helber SB, Rohde S, de Goeij JM, Schupp PJ. Coral reef benthic community changes in the Anthropocene: Biogeographic heterogeneity, overlooked configurations, and methodology. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1956-1971. [PMID: 34951504 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-random community changes are becoming more frequent in many ecosystems. In coral reefs, changes towards communities dominated by other than hard corals are increasing in frequency, with severe impacts on ecosystem functioning and provision of ecosystem services. Although new research suggests that a variety of alternative communities (i.e. not dominated by hard corals) exist, knowledge on the global diversity and functioning of alternative coral reef benthic communities, especially those not dominated by algae, remains scattered. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 523 articles, we analyse the different coral reef benthic community changes reported to date and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods used to study these changes. Furthermore, we used field cover data (1116 reefs from the ReefCheck database) to explore the biogeographic and latitudinal patterns in dominant benthic organisms. We found a mismatch between literature focus on coral-algal changes (over half of the studies analysed) and observed global natural patterns. We identified strong biogeographic patterns, with the largest and most biodiverse biogeographic regions (Western and Central Indo-Pacific) presenting previously overlooked soft-coral-dominated communities as the most abundant alternative community. Finally, we discuss the potential biases associated with methods that overlook ecologically important cryptobenthic communities and the potential of new technological advances in improving monitoring efforts. As coral reef communities inevitably and swiftly change under changing ocean conditions, there is an urgent need to better understand the distribution, dynamics as well as the ecological and societal impacts of these new communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Stephanie B Helber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jasper M de Goeij
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
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14
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Mueller JS, Bill N, Reinach MS, Lasut MT, Freund H, Schupp PJ. A comprehensive approach to assess marine macro litter pollution and its impacts on corals in the Bangka Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 175:113369. [PMID: 35144214 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is a comprehensive study showing the marine anthropogenic litter pollution within North Sulawesi, Indonesia. From an area of 2972 m2 that encompassed five sparsely populated locations, a total of 9421 litter items weighing 137 kg were collected. One location (Talisei North) contributed 50% of all collected litter items. Plastic litter always dominated with 96-99%. Litter was unevenly distributed across investigated areas reaching from the upper beach (3.6-30.1 items/m2) to the reef slope (0-0.03 items/m2). Litter composition and daily accumulation showed spatial-temporal dynamics, with upper beach areas displaying the overall highest accumulation rates. Reef micro-habitats were differently affected, with the reef moat and reef flat showing the highest litter concentrations, although litter amounts were much lower compared to the corresponding beaches. Branching corals, especially Porites cylindrica, were most affected by litter entanglement. Field experiments with P. cylindrica showed that attached plastic induced bleaching, necrosis, and algal overgrowth within five months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Mueller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bill
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Marco S Reinach
- Coral Eye Resort and Research Outpost, 95375 Bangka Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Markus T Lasut
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science at the Sam Ratulangi University (UNSRAT), Jalan Kampus Unsrat Bahu, 95115 Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Holger Freund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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15
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Wibowo JT, Kellermann MY, Petersen LE, Alfiansah YR, Lattyak C, Schupp PJ. Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010054. [PMID: 35049909 PMCID: PMC8777673 DOI: 10.3390/md20010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg2+ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca2+ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko Tri Wibowo
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Research Center for Biotechnology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (J.T.W.); (M.Y.K.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.T.W.); (M.Y.K.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Lars-Erik Petersen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
| | - Yustian R. Alfiansah
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia;
- Center for Aquaculture Research (ZAF), Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Colleen Lattyak
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.T.W.); (M.Y.K.); (P.J.S.)
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16
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Chen YH, Chen HJ, Yang CY, Shiu JH, Hoh DZ, Chiang PW, Chow WS, Chen CA, Shih TH, Lin SH, Yang CM, Reimer JD, Hirose E, Iskandar BH, Huang H, Schupp PJ, Tan CHJ, Yamashiro H, Liao MH, Tang SL. Prevalence, complete genome, and metabolic potentials of a phylogenetically novel cyanobacterial symbiont in the coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1308-1325. [PMID: 34708512 PMCID: PMC9298193 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Terpios hoshinota is an aggressive, space‐competing sponge that kills various stony corals. Outbreaks of this species have led to intense damage to coral reefs in many locations. Here, the first large‐scale 16S rRNA gene survey across three oceans revealed that bacteria related to the taxa Prochloron, Endozoicomonas, SAR116, Ruegeria, and unclassified Proteobacteria were prevalent in T. hoshinota. A Prochloron‐related bacterium was the most dominant and prevalent cyanobacterium in T. hoshinota. The complete genome of this uncultivated cyanobacterium and pigment analysis demonstrated that it has phycobiliproteins and lacks chlorophyll b, which is inconsistent with the definition of Prochloron. Furthermore, the cyanobacterium was phylogenetically distinct from Prochloron, strongly suggesting that it should be a sister taxon to Prochloron. Therefore, we proposed this symbiotic cyanobacterium as a novel species under the new genus Candidatus Paraprochloron terpiosi. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that ‘Paraprochloron’ and Prochloron exhibit distinct genomic features and DNA replication machinery. We also characterized the metabolic potentials of ‘Paraprochloron terpiosi’ in carbon and nitrogen cycling and propose a model for interactions between it and T. hoshinota. This study builds a foundation for the study of the T. hoshinota microbiome and paves the way for better understanding of ecosystems involving this coral‐killing sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chen
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Information Science, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ju Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ho Shiu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daphne Z Hoh
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenhua Savanna Chow
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Han Shih
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Euichi Hirose
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar
- Department of Fishery Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui Huang
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Chun Hong James Tan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ming-Hui Liao
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Bioinformatics Program, Institute of Information Science, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Faisal MR, Kellermann MY, Rohde S, Putra MY, Murniasih T, Risdian C, Mohr KI, Wink J, Praditya DF, Steinmann E, Köck M, Schupp PJ. Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110611. [PMID: 34822482 PMCID: PMC8621810 DOI: 10.3390/md19110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two known Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), 3,4,5-tribromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (1d) and 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-2-(2′,4′-dibromophenoxy)phenol (2b), were isolated from the Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea. The structure was confirmed using 13C chemical shift average deviation and was compared to the predicted structures and recorded chemical shifts in previous studies. We found a wide range of bioactivities from the organic crude extract, such as (1) a strong deterrence against the generalist pufferfish Canthigaster solandri, (2) potent inhibition against environmental and human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains, and (3) the inhibition of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The addition of a bromine atom into the A-ring of compound 2b resulted in higher fish feeding deterrence compared to compound 1d. On the contrary, compound 2b showed only more potent inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodotorula glutinis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL), while compound 1d showed more powerful inhibition against the other human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The first report of a chemical defense by compounds 1d and 2b against fish feeding and environmental relevant bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, might be one reason for the widespread occurrence of the shallow water sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea in Indonesia and the Indo-Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad R. Faisal
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Chandra Risdian
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Kathrin I. Mohr
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wink
- Microbial Strain Collection (MISG), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.R.); (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimas F. Praditya
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7–9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Experimental Virology, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7–9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Köck
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.R.F.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-4421-944-100
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18
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Reiswig HM, Dohrmann M, Kelly M, Mills S, Schupp PJ, Wörheide G. Rossellid glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from New Zealand waters, with description of one new genus and six new species. Zookeys 2021; 1060:33-84. [PMID: 34616203 PMCID: PMC8463523 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1060.63307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand's surrounding deep waters have become known as a diversity hotspot for glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) in recent years, and description and collection efforts are continuing. Here we report on eight rossellids (Hexasterophora: Lyssacinosida: Rossellidae) collected during the 2017 RV Sonne cruise SO254 by ROV Kiel 6000 as part of Project PoribacNewZ of the University of Oldenburg, Germany. The material includes six species new to science, two of which are assigned to a so far undescribed genus; we further re-describe two previously known species. The known extant rossellid diversity from the New Zealand region is thus almost doubled, from nine species in five genera to 17 species in eight genera. The specimens described here are only a small fraction of hexactinellids collected on cruise SO254. Unfortunately, the first author passed away while working on this collection, only being able to complete the nine descriptions reported here. The paper concludes with an obituary to him, the world-leading expert on glass sponge taxonomy who will be greatly missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Reiswig
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Dohrmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michelle Kelly
- Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- NIWA Invertebrate Collection, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Schupp
- ICBM Terramare, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.,SNSB - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München, Germany.,GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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19
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Pawlowski S, Moeller M, Miller IB, Kellermann MY, Schupp PJ, Petersen-Thiery M. UV filters used in sunscreens-A lack in current coral protection? Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021; 17:926-939. [PMID: 34002532 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters used in sunscreens are among the anthropogenic substances that may enter the marine environment by both indirect (via wastewater) and direct pathways (leisure activities). Owing to the recent global decline in coral population, the impact of those UV filters on the coral health is currently under increased investigation. First results from scientists suggest that some of the filters may be toxic to various coral life stages, but an initial cross comparison with existing data from other freshwater organisms does not indicate that corals are specifically more susceptible to UV filters than other standard species. In fact, the available data leading to this conclusion is still vague and based on toxicity and bioaccumulation tests with corals, which are both still at the research stage. To facilitate a proper hazard assessment, robust experimental procedures for coral ecotoxicological studies are considered mandatory. In other words, additional steps should be taken to standardize and validate such new test systems to generate reliable results, which then can be used in regulatory decision making. Furthermore, to facilitate a more detailed and site-specific environmental risk assessment in the marine area, an application-based exposure scenario must be developed. Until these data and tools become available, environmental hazard and risk assessments may be carried out using existing data from freshwater organisms and existing tonnage-based exposure scenarios as a potential surrogate. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:926-939. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mareen Moeller
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ingo B Miller
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Matthias Y Kellermann
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mechtild Petersen-Thiery
- BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, E-EMC/QR, Product Stewardship & EHS Data Management, Monheim, Germany
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20
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Reverter M, Jackson M, Rohde S, Moeller M, Bara R, Lasut MT, Segre Reinach M, Schupp PJ. High taxonomic resolution surveys and trait-based analyses reveal multiple benthic regimes in North Sulawesi (Indonesia). Sci Rep 2021; 11:16554. [PMID: 34400684 PMCID: PMC8367970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As coral reef communities change and reorganise in response to increasing disturbances, there is a growing need for understanding species regimes and their contribution to ecosystem processes. Using a case study on coral reefs at the epicentre of tropical marine biodiversity (North Sulawesi, Indonesia), we explored how application of different biodiversity approaches (i.e., use of major taxonomic categories, high taxonomic resolution categories and trait-based approaches) affects the detection of distinct fish and benthic communities. Our results show that using major categories fails to identify distinct coral reef regimes. We also show that monitoring of only scleractinian coral communities is insufficient to detect different benthic regimes, especially communities dominated by non-coral organisms, and that all types of benthic organisms need to be considered. We have implemented the use of a trait-based approach to study the functional diversity of whole coral reef benthic assemblages, which allowed us to detect five different community regimes, only one of which was dominated by scleractinian corals. Furthermore, by the parallel study of benthic and fish communities we provide new insights into key processes and functions that might dominate or be compromised in the different community regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Matthew Jackson
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Mareen Moeller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Robert Bara
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, 95115, Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
| | - Markus T Lasut
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Jl. Kampus UNSRAT Bahu, 95115, Manado, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
| | | | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) at the Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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21
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Galitz A, Nakao Y, Schupp PJ, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. A Soft Spot for Chemistry-Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:448. [PMID: 34436287 PMCID: PMC8398655 DOI: 10.3390/md19080448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. In this review, we summarize the current biochemical data on sponges and compare the metabolite distribution against a sponge phylogeny. We assess compound specificity to lineages, potential convergences, and suitability as diagnostic phylogenetic markers. Our study finds compound distribution corroborating current (molecular) phylogenetic hypotheses, which include yet unaccepted polyphyly of several demosponge orders and families. Likewise, several compounds and compound groups display a high degree of lineage specificity, which suggests homologous biosynthetic pathways among their taxa, which identifies yet unstudied species of this lineage as promising bioprospecting targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; (A.G.); (G.W.)
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
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22
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Wibowo JT, Kellermann MY, Köck M, Putra MY, Murniasih T, Mohr KI, Wink J, Praditya DF, Steinmann E, Schupp PJ. Anti-Infective and Antiviral Activity of Valinomycin and Its Analogues from a Sea Cucumber-Associated Bacterium, Streptomyces sp. SV 21. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020081. [PMID: 33540548 PMCID: PMC7912928 DOI: 10.3390/md19020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript investigated the isolation, characterization and anti-infective potential of valinomycin (3), streptodepsipeptide P11A (2), streptodepsipeptide P11B (1), and one novel valinomycin analogue, streptodepsipeptide SV21 (4), which were all produced by the Gram-positive strain Streptomycescavourensis SV 21. Although the exact molecular weight and major molecular fragments were recently reported for compound 4, its structure elucidation was not based on compound isolation and spectroscopic techniques. We successfully isolated and elucidated the structure based on the MS2 fragmentation pathways as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectra and found that the previously reported structure of compound 4 differs from our analysis. Our findings showed the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of bacterial compounds in the era of fast omics technologies. The here performed anti-infective assays showed moderate to potent activity against fungi, multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and infectivity of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). While compounds 2, 3 and 4 revealed potent antiviral activity, the observed minor cytotoxicity needs further investigation. Furthermore, the here performed anti-infective assays disclosed that the symmetry of the valinomycin molecule is most important for its bioactivity, a fact that has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko T. Wibowo
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.W.); (P.J.S.); Tel.: +49-4421-944-100 (P.J.S.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
| | - Matthias Köck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
| | - Kathrin I. Mohr
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wink
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimas F. Praditya
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.); (D.F.P.)
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.T.W.); (P.J.S.); Tel.: +49-4421-944-100 (P.J.S.)
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23
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Kamyab E, Rohde S, Kellermann MY, Schupp PJ. Chemical Defense Mechanisms and Ecological Implications of Indo-Pacific Holothurians. Molecules 2020; 25:E4808. [PMID: 33086732 PMCID: PMC7587958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are slow-moving organisms that use morphological, but also a diverse combination of chemical defenses to improve their overall fitness and chances of survival. Since chemical defense compounds are also of great pharmaceutical interest, we pinpoint the importance of biological screenings that are a relatively fast, informative and inexpensive way to identify the most bioactive organisms prior to further costly and elaborate pharmacological screenings. In this study, we investigated the presence and absence of chemical defenses of 14 different sea cucumber species from three families (Holothuriidae, Stichopodidae and Synaptidae) against ecological factors such as predation and pathogenic attacks. We used the different sea cucumber crude extracts as well as purified fractions and pure saponin compounds in a portfolio of ecological activity tests including fish feeding assays, cytotoxicity tests and antimicrobial assays against environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, we quantified and correlated the concentrations of sea cucumber characteristic saponin compounds as effective chemical defensive compounds in all 14 crude extracts by using the vanillin-sulfuric acid test. The initial results revealed that among all tested sea cucumber species that were defended against at least one ecological threat (predation and/or bacterial attack), Bohadschiaargus, Stichopuscholoronotus and Holothuria fuscopunctata were the three most promising bioactive sea cucumber species. Therefore, following further fractionation and purification attempts, we also tested saponin-containing butanol fractions of the latter, as well as two purified saponin species from B. argus. We could demonstrate that both, the amount of saponin compounds and their structure likely play a significant role in the chemical defense strategy of the sea cucumbers. Our study concludes that the chemical and morphological defense mechanisms (and combinations thereof) differ among the ecological strategies of the investigated holothurian species in order to increase their general fitness and level of survival. Finally, our observations and experiments on the chemical ecology of marine organisms can not only lead to a better understanding of their ecology and environmental roles but also can help in the better selection of bioactive organisms/compounds for the discovery of novel, pharmacologically active secondary metabolites in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamyab
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (S.R.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (S.R.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (S.R.); (M.Y.K.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (S.R.); (M.Y.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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24
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Mueller JS, Schupp PJ. Shading by marine litter impairs the health of the two Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals Porites rus and Pavona cactus. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 158:111429. [PMID: 32753213 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is recognized as one factor affecting coral health. It causes shading, bleaching, physical damage, necrosis, and mortality. This study provides the first evidence that direct contact by plastic and cotton affects coral health within 60 days. In a controlled aquarium experiment, two common Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals, Porites rus and Pavona cactus, were shaded for 60 days by transparent plastic (polypropylene, PP), dark plastic (PP) and cotton. Cotton disintegrated completely after 30 to 42 days, allowing the corals to recover. Transparent plastic became opaque over time due to microfouling, resulting in bleaching of the affected coral parts. Dark plastic had the strongest effect, including bleaching, necrosis and reduced growth within 60 days. Moreover, the two coral species responded differently to the treatments. This is the first report demonstrating that plastic and cotton litter can affect coral health and even cause partial mortality within 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Mueller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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25
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Helber SB, Steinert G, Wu YC, Rohde S, Hentschel U, Muhando CA, Schupp PJ. Sponges from Zanzibar host diverse prokaryotic communities with potential for natural product synthesis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5369420. [PMID: 30830220 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are one of the most dominant organisms in marine ecosystems. One reason for their success is their association with microorganisms that are besides the host itself responsible for the chemical defence. Sponge abundances have been increasing on coral reefs in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and are predicted to increase further with rising anthropogenic impacts on coral reefs. However, there is a paucity of information on chemical ecology of sponges from the WIO and their prokaryotic community composition. We used a combination of Illumina sequencing and a predictive metagenomic analysis to (i) assess the prokaryotic community composition of sponges from Zanzibar, (ii) predict the presence of KEGG metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound production and (iii) relate their presence to the degree of observed chemical defence in their respective sponge host. We found that sponges from Zanzibar host diverse prokaryotic communities that are host species-specific. Sponge-species and respective specimens that showed strong chemical defences in previous studies were also predicted to be highly enriched in various pathways responsible for secondary metabolite production. Hence, the combined sequencing and predictive metagenomic approach proved to be a useful indicator for the metabolic potential of sponge holobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Helber
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg Steinert
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Yu-Chen Wu
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher A Muhando
- Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS), Mizingani Road, P.O Box 668, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heeerstr. 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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26
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Steinert G, Busch K, Bayer K, Kodami S, Arbizu PM, Kelly M, Mills S, Erpenbeck D, Dohrmann M, Wörheide G, Hentschel U, Schupp PJ. Compositional and Quantitative Insights Into Bacterial and Archaeal Communities of South Pacific Deep-Sea Sponges (Demospongiae and Hexactinellida). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:716. [PMID: 32390977 PMCID: PMC7193145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we profiled bacterial and archaeal communities from 13 phylogenetically diverse deep-sea sponge species (Demospongiae and Hexactinellida) from the South Pacific by 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing. Additionally, the associated bacteria and archaea were quantified by real-time qPCR. Our results show that bacterial communities from the deep-sea sponges are mostly host-species specific similar to what has been observed for shallow-water demosponges. The archaeal deep-sea sponge community structures are different from the bacterial community structures in that they are almost completely dominated by a single family, which are the ammonia-oxidizing genera within the Nitrosopumilaceae. Remarkably, the archaeal communities are mostly specific to individual sponges (rather than sponge-species), and this observation applies to both hexactinellids and demosponges. Finally, archaeal 16s gene numbers, as detected by quantitative real-time PCR, were up to three orders of magnitude higher than in shallow-water sponges, highlighting the importance of the archaea for deep-sea sponges in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinert
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Busch
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Bayer
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sahar Kodami
- German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Martinez Arbizu
- German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dohrmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Hentschel
- RD3 Marine Symbioses, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
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Kamyab E, Goebeler N, Kellermann MY, Rohde S, Reverter M, Striebel M, Schupp PJ. Anti-Fouling Effects of Saponin-Containing Crude Extracts from Tropical Indo-Pacific Sea Cucumbers. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E181. [PMID: 32244281 PMCID: PMC7231054 DOI: 10.3390/md18040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are bottom dwelling invertebrates, which are mostly found on subtropical and tropical sea grass beds, sandy reef flats, or reef slopes. Although constantly exposed to fouling communities in these habitats, many species are surprisingly free of invertebrate epibionts and microfouling algae such as diatoms. In our study, we investigated the anti-fouling (AF) activities of different crude extracts of tropical Indo-Pacific sea cucumber species against the fouling diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. Nine sea cucumber species from three genera (i.e., Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga) were selected and extracted to assess their AF activities. To verify whether the sea cucumber characteristic triterpene glycosides were responsible for the observed potent AF activities, we tested purified fractions enriched in saponins isolated from Bohadschia argus, representing one of the most active anti-fouling extracts. Saponins were quantified by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric assays and identified by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. We were able to demonstrate that AF activities in sea cucumber extracts were species-specific, and growth inhibition as well as attachment of the diatom to surfaces is dependent on the saponin concentration (i.e., Actinopyga contained the highest quantities), as well as on the molecular composition and structure of the present saponins (i.e., Bivittoside D derivative was the most bioactive compound). In conclusion, the here performed AF assay represents a promising and fast method for selecting the most promising bioactive organism as well as for identifying novel compounds with potent AF activities for the discovery of potentially novel pharmacologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamyab
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Norman Goebeler
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmènin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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28
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Wibowo JT, Kellermann MY, Versluis D, Putra MY, Murniasih T, Mohr KI, Wink J, Engelmann M, Praditya DF, Steinmann E, Schupp PJ. Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus from Lampung, Indonesia. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E635. [PMID: 31717405 PMCID: PMC6891442 DOI: 10.3390/md17110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to minimize re-discovery of already known anti-infective compounds, we focused our screening approach on understudied, almost untapped marine environments including marine invertebrates and their associated bacteria. Therefore, two sea cucumber species, Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus, were collected from Lampung (Indonesia), and 127 bacterial strains were identified by partial 16S rRNA-gene sequencing analysis and compared with the NCBI database. In addition, the overall bacterial diversity from tissue samples of the sea cucumbers H. leucospilota and S. vastus was analyzed using the cultivation-independent Illumina MiSEQ analysis. Selected bacterial isolates were grown to high densities and the extracted biomass was tested against a selection of bacteria and fungi as well as the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Identification of putative bioactive bacterial-derived compounds were performed by analyzing the accurate mass of the precursor/parent ions (MS1) as well as product/daughter ions (MS2) using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis of all active fractions. With this attempt we were able to identify 23 putatively known and two previously unidentified precursor ions. Moreover, through 16S rRNA-gene sequencing we were able to identify putatively novel bacterial species from the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and also Firmicutes. Our findings suggest that sea cucumbers like H. leucospilota and S. vastus are promising sources for the isolation of novel bacterial species that produce compounds with potentially high biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko T. Wibowo
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.Y.K.); (D.V.)
- Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, Jl. Pasir Putih Raya 1, Pademangan, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.Y.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Dennis Versluis
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.Y.K.); (D.V.)
| | - Masteria Y. Putra
- Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, Jl. Pasir Putih Raya 1, Pademangan, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Tutik Murniasih
- Research Center for Oceanography LIPI, Jl. Pasir Putih Raya 1, Pademangan, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia; (M.Y.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Kathrin I. Mohr
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Wink
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.I.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Michael Engelmann
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover. Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.E.); (D.F.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dimas F. Praditya
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover. Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.E.); (D.F.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Eike Steinmann
- TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Institute of Experimental Virology) Hannover. Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7-9, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.E.); (D.F.P.); (E.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Schleusenstraße 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (M.Y.K.); (D.V.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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29
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Klinger C, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S, Wysokowski M, Tsurkan MV, Galli R, Petrenko I, Machałowski T, Ereskovsky A, Martinović R, Muzychka L, Smolii OB, Bechmann N, Ivanenko V, Schupp PJ, Jesionowski T, Giovine M, Joseph Y, Bornstein SR, Voronkina A, Ehrlich H. Express Method for Isolation of Ready-to-Use 3D Chitin Scaffolds from Aplysina archeri (Aplysineidae: Verongiida) Demosponge. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020131. [PMID: 30813373 PMCID: PMC6409528 DOI: 10.3390/md17020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are a valuable source of natural compounds and biomaterials for many biotechnological applications. Marine sponges belonging to the order Verongiida are known to contain both chitin and biologically active bromotyrosines. Aplysina archeri (Aplysineidae: Verongiida) is well known to contain bromotyrosines with relevant bioactivity against human and animal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an express method for the production of naturally prefabricated 3D chitin and bromotyrosine-containing extracts simultaneously. This new method is based on microwave irradiation (MWI) together with stepwise treatment using 1% sodium hydroxide, 20% acetic acid, and 30% hydrogen peroxide. This approach, which takes up to 1 h, made it possible to isolate chitin from the tube-like skeleton of A. archeri and to demonstrate the presence of this biopolymer in this sponge for the first time. Additionally, this procedure does not deacetylate chitin to chitosan and enables the recovery of ready-to-use 3D chitin scaffolds without destruction of the unique tube-like fibrous interconnected structure of the isolated biomaterial. Furthermore, these mechanically stressed fibers still have the capacity for saturation with water, methylene blue dye, crude oil, and blood, which is necessary for the application of such renewable 3D chitinous centimeter-sized scaffolds in diverse technological and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Klinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie-Freiberg, Leipziger str. 29, 09559 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland.
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland.
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibnitz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE), CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, 13003 Marseille, France.
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 19992 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Rajko Martinović
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Lyubov Muzychka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Murmanska Str., 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Oleg B Smolii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Murmanska Str., 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Viatcheslav Ivanenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2332 Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Alona Voronkina
- National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Department of Pharmacy, Pirogov str. 56, 21018, Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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30
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Tawfike A, Attia EZ, Desoukey SY, Hajjar D, Makki AA, Schupp PJ, Edrada-Ebel R, Abdelmohsen UR. New bioactive metabolites from the elicited marine sponge-derived bacterium Actinokineospora spheciospongiae sp. nov. AMB Express 2019; 9:12. [PMID: 30680548 PMCID: PMC6345950 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches have been dedicated to activate the cryptic gene clusters in the genomes of actinomycetes for the targeted discovery of new fascinating biomedical lead structures. In the current study, N-acetylglucosamine was used to maximize the chemical diversity of sponge-derived actinomycete Actinokineospora spheciospongiae sp. nov. HR-ESI-MS was employed for dereplication study and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis was applied to evaluate the HR-ESI-MS data of the different fractions. As a result, two new fridamycins H (1) and I (2), along with three known compounds actinosporin C (3), D (4), and G (5) were isolated from the solid culture of sponge-associated actinomycete Actinokineospora spheciospongiae sp. nov., elicited with N-acetylglucosamine. Characterization of the isolated compounds was pursued using mass spectrometry and NMR spectral data. Fridamycin H (1) exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity towards Trypanosoma brucei strain TC221. These results highlight the potential of elicitation in sponge-associated actinomycetes as an effective strategy for the discovery of new anti-infective natural products.
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31
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Moitinho-Silva L, Nielsen S, Amir A, Gonzalez A, Ackermann GL, Cerrano C, Astudillo-Garcia C, Easson C, Sipkema D, Liu F, Steinert G, Kotoulas G, McCormack GP, Feng G, Bell JJ, Vicente J, Björk JR, Montoya JM, Olson JB, Reveillaud J, Steindler L, Pineda MC, Marra MV, Ilan M, Taylor MW, Polymenakou P, Erwin PM, Schupp PJ, Simister RL, Knight R, Thacker RW, Costa R, Hill RT, Lopez-Legentil S, Dailianis T, Ravasi T, Hentschel U, Li Z, Webster NS, Thomas T. Erratum to: The sponge microbiome project. Gigascience 2018; 7:5232346. [PMID: 30521034 PMCID: PMC6283209 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Amnon Amir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gail L Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | | | - Cole Easson
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Georg Steinert
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgos Kotoulas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Grace P McCormack
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Guofang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jan Vicente
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI 96744-1346
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jose M Montoya
- Ecological Networks and Global Change Group, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Julie B Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE; Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria V Marra
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Micha Ilan
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paraskevi Polymenakou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Patrick M Erwin
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky and University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Rachel L Simister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Thacker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB), Department of Bioengineering, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Russell T Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Susanna Lopez-Legentil
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ute Hentschel
- RD3 Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Helber SB, Hoeijmakers DJJ, Muhando CA, Rohde S, Schupp PJ. Sponge chemical defenses are a possible mechanism for increasing sponge abundance on reefs in Zanzibar. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197617. [PMID: 29924803 PMCID: PMC6010217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are experiencing increasing anthropogenic impacts that result in substantial declines of reef-building corals and a change of community structure towards other benthic invertebrates or macroalgae. Reefs around Zanzibar are exposed to untreated sewage and runoff from the main city Stonetown. At many of these sites, sponge cover has increased over the last years. Sponges are one of the top spatial competitors on reefs worldwide. Their success is, in part, dependent on their strong chemical defenses against predators, microbial attacks and other sessile benthic competitors. This is the first study that investigates the bioactive properties of sponge species in the Western Indian Ocean region. Crude extracts of the ten most dominant sponge species were assessed for their chemical defenses against 35 bacterial strains (nine known as marine pathogens) using disc diffusion assays and general cytotoxic activities were assessed with brine shrimp lethality assays. The three chemically most active sponge species were additionally tested for their allelopathic properties against the scleractinian coral competitor Porites sp.. The antimicrobial assays revealed that all tested sponge extracts had strong antimicrobial properties and that the majority (80%) of the tested sponges were equally defended against pathogenic and environmental bacterial strains. Additionally, seven out of ten sponge species exhibited cytotoxic activities in the brine shrimp assay. Moreover, we could also show that the three most bioactive sponge species were able to decrease the photosynthetic performance of the coral symbionts and thus were likely to impair the coral physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Helber
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | | | - Christopher A. Muhando
- Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS), University of Dar es Salaam, Stonetown, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Matthew S, Schupp PJ, Luesch H. Correction to Apratoxin E, a Cytotoxic Peptolide from a Guamanian Collection of the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya bouillonii. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:217. [PMID: 29257686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Schwartz N, Rohde S, Dobretsov S, Hiromori S, Schupp PJ. The role of chemical antifouling defence in the invasion success of Sargassum muticum: A comparison of native and invasive brown algae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189761. [PMID: 29267326 PMCID: PMC5739409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition and fouling defence are important traits that may facilitate invasions by non-indigenous species. The 'novel weapons hypothesis' (NWH) predicts that the invasive success of exotic species is closely linked to the possession of chemical defence compounds that the recipient community in the new range is not adapted to. In order to assess whether chemical defence traits contribute to invasion success, anti-bacterial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-diatom, anti-larval and anti-algal properties were investigated for the following algae: a) the invasive brown alga Sargassum muticum from both, its native (Japan) and invasive (Germany) range, b) the two non- or weak invasive species Sargassum fusiforme and Sargassum horneri from Japan, and c) Fucus vesiculosus, a native brown alga from Germany. Crude and surface extracts and lipid fractions of active extracts were tested against common fouling organisms and zygotes of a dominant competing brown alga. Extracts of the native brown alga F. vesiculosus inhibited more bacterial strains (75%) than any of the Sargassum spp. (17 to 29%). However, Sargassum spp. from Japan exhibited the strongest settlement inhibition against the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, larvae of the bryozoan Bugula neritina and zygotes of the brown alga F. vesiculosus. Overall, extracts of S. muticum from the invasive range were less active compared to those of the native range suggesting an adaptation to lower fouling pressure and competition in the new range resulting in a shift of resource allocation from costly chemical defence to reproduction and growth. Non-invasive Sargassum spp. from Japan was equally defended against fouling and competitors like S. muticum from Japan indicating a necessity to include these species in European monitoring programs. The variable antifouling activity of surface and crude extracts highlights the importance to use both for an initial screening for antifouling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwartz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries and Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shimabukuro Hiromori
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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35
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Moitinho-Silva L, Nielsen S, Amir A, Gonzalez A, Ackermann GL, Cerrano C, Astudillo-Garcia C, Easson C, Sipkema D, Liu F, Steinert G, Kotoulas G, McCormack GP, Feng G, Bell JJ, Vicente J, Björk JR, Montoya JM, Olson JB, Reveillaud J, Steindler L, Pineda MC, Marra MV, Ilan M, Taylor MW, Polymenakou P, Erwin PM, Schupp PJ, Simister RL, Knight R, Thacker RW, Costa R, Hill RT, Lopez-Legentil S, Dailianis T, Ravasi T, Hentschel U, Li Z, Webster NS, Thomas T. The sponge microbiome project. Gigascience 2017; 6:1-7. [PMID: 29020741 PMCID: PMC5632291 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are a diverse, phylogenetically deep-branching clade known for forming intimate partnerships with complex communities of microorganisms. To date, 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies have largely utilised different extraction and amplification methodologies to target the microbial communities of a limited number of sponge species, severely limiting comparative analyses of sponge microbial diversity and structure. Here, we provide an extensive and standardised dataset that will facilitate sponge microbiome comparisons across large spatial, temporal, and environmental scales. Samples from marine sponges (n = 3569 specimens), seawater (n = 370), marine sediments (n = 65) and other environments (n = 29) were collected from different locations across the globe. This dataset incorporates at least 268 different sponge species, including several yet unidentified taxa. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA using standardised procedures. Raw sequences (total of 1.1 billion sequences) were processed and clustered with (i) a standard protocol using QIIME closed-reference picking resulting in 39 543 operational taxonomic units (OTU) at 97% sequence identity, (ii) a de novo clustering using Mothur resulting in 518 246 OTUs, and (iii) a new high-resolution Deblur protocol resulting in 83 908 unique bacterial sequences. Abundance tables, representative sequences, taxonomic classifications, and metadata are provided. This dataset represents a comprehensive resource of sponge-associated microbial communities based on 16S rRNA gene sequences that can be used to address overarching hypotheses regarding host-associated prokaryotes, including host specificity, convergent evolution, environmental drivers of microbiome structure, and the sponge-associated rare biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Amnon Amir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gail L Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | | | - Cole Easson
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Georg Steinert
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Microbiology, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgos Kotoulas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Grace P McCormack
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Guofang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jan Vicente
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI 96744-1346
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jose M Montoya
- Ecological Networks and Global Change Group, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Julie B Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE; Cirad, UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria V Marra
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd., Galway, Ireland
| | - Micha Ilan
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paraskevi Polymenakou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Patrick M Erwin
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky and University Oldenburg, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Rachel L Simister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Thacker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (IBB), Department of Bioengineering, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Russell T Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Susanna Lopez-Legentil
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington NC 28409, USA
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Thalassocosmos, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetic Program (KEEP), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ute Hentschel
- RD3 Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Mutsenko VV, Gryshkov O, Lauterboeck L, Rogulska O, Tarusin DN, Bazhenov VV, Schütz K, Brüggemeier S, Gossla E, Akkineni AR, Meißner H, Lode A, Meschke S, Fromont J, Stelling AL, Tabachnik KR, Gelinsky M, Nikulin S, Rodin S, Tonevitsky AG, Petrenko AY, Glasmacher B, Schupp PJ, Ehrlich H. Novel chitin scaffolds derived from marine sponge Ianthella basta for tissue engineering approaches based on human mesenchymal stromal cells: Biocompatibility and cryopreservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1955-1965. [PMID: 28365291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary biocompatibility and mechanical properties of chitinous scaffolds from marine sponges endows these structures with unique properties that render them ideal for diverse biomedical applications. In the present work, a technological route to produce "ready-to-use" tissue-engineered products based on poriferan chitin is comprehensively investigated for the first time. Three key stages included isolation of scaffolds from the marine demosponge Ianthella basta, confirmation of their biocompatibility with human mesenchymal stromal cells, and cryopreservation of the tissue-like structures grown within these scaffolds using a slow cooling protocol. Biocompatibility of the macroporous, flat chitin scaffolds has been confirmed by cell attachment, high cell viability and the ability to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. The viability of cells cryopreserved on chitin scaffolds was reduced by about 30% as compared to cells cryopreserved in suspension. However, the surviving cells were able to retain their differentiation potential; and this is demonstrated for the adipogenic lineage. The results suggest that chitin from the marine demosponge I. basta is a promising, highly biocompatible biomaterial for stem cell-based tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii V Mutsenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya str. 23, 61015 Kharkov, Ukraine; Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Lauterboeck
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Olena Rogulska
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya str. 23, 61015 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy N Tarusin
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya str. 23, 61015 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Vasilii V Bazhenov
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Brüggemeier
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Gossla
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashwini R Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Meißner
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jane Fromont
- Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia
| | - Allison L Stelling
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Nikulin
- Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey Rodin
- P.A. Hertsen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Botkinskii p.3, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Y Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the NAS Ukraine, Pereyaslavskaya str. 23, 61015 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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Bogdanov A, Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Nietzer S, Rohde S, Schupp PJ, Wägele H, König GM. Secondary metabolome and its defensive role in the aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum, (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia). Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:502-519. [PMID: 28405231 PMCID: PMC5372768 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllodesmium longicirrum is the largest aeolidoidean species known to date, and extremely rich in terpenoid chemistry. Herein we report the isolation of a total of 19 secondary metabolites from a single specimen of this species, i.e., steroids 1-4, cembranoid diterpenes 5-13, complex biscembranoids 14 and 15, and the chatancin-type diterpenes 16-19. These compounds resemble those from soft corals of the genus Sarcophyton, of which to date, however, only S. trocheliophorum is described as a food source for P. longicirrum. Fish feeding deterrent activity was determined using the tropical puffer fish Canthigaster solandri, and showed activity for (2S)-isosarcophytoxide (10), cembranoid bisepoxide 12 and 4-oxochatancin (16). Determining the metabolome of P. longicirrum and its bioactivity, makes it evident that this seemingly vulnerable soft bodied animal is well protected from fish by its chemical arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzki University Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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38
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Tusso S, Morcinek K, Vogler C, Schupp PJ, Caballes CF, Vargas S, Wörheide G. Genetic structure of the crown-of-thorns seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1970. [PMID: 27168979 PMCID: PMC4860296 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS), Acanthaster 'planci' L., are among the most important biological disturbances of tropical coral reefs. Over the past 50 years, several devastating outbreaks have been documented around Guam, an island in the western Pacific Ocean. Previous analyses have shown that in the Pacific Ocean, COTS larval dispersal may be geographically restricted to certain regions. Here, we assess the genetic structure of Pacific COTS populations and compared samples from around Guam with a number of distant localities in the Pacific Ocean, and focused on determining the degree of genetic structure among populations previously considered to be isolated. Using microsatellites, we document substantial genetic structure between 14 localities from different geographical regions in the Pacific Ocean. Populations from the 14 locations sampled were found to be structured in three significantly differentiated groups: (1) all locations immediately around Guam, as well as Kingman Reef and Swains Island; (2) Japan, Philippines, GBR and Vanuatu; and (3) Johnston Atoll, which was significantly different from all other localities. The lack of genetic differentiation between Guam and extremely distant populations from Kingman Reef and Swains Island suggests potential long-distance dispersal of COTS in the Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Tusso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München , Germany
| | - Kerstin Morcinek
- Department of Anatomy (Neuroanatomy), University of Cologne , Köln , Germany
| | - Catherine Vogler
- Environment Department, Pöyry Switzerland Ltd. , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Environmental Biochemistry, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, ICBM-Terramare , Wilhelmshaven , Germany
| | - Ciemon F Caballes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , München , Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; SNSB-Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, München, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Steinert G, Taylor MW, Deines P, Simister RL, de Voogd NJ, Hoggard M, Schupp PJ. In four shallow and mesophotic tropical reef sponges from Guam the microbial community largely depends on host identity. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1936. [PMID: 27114882 PMCID: PMC4841226 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges (phylum Porifera) are important members of almost all aquatic ecosystems, and are renowned for hosting often dense and diverse microbial communities. While the specificity of the sponge microbiota seems to be closely related to host phylogeny, the environmental factors that could shape differences within local sponge-specific communities remain less understood. On tropical coral reefs, sponge habitats can span from shallow areas to deeper, mesophotic sites. These habitats differ in terms of environmental factors such as light, temperature, and food availability, as well as anthropogenic impact. In order to study the host specificity and potential influence of varying habitats on the sponge microbiota within a local area, four tropical reef sponges, Rhabdastrella globostellata, Callyspongia sp., Rhaphoxya sp., and Acanthella cavernosa, were collected from exposed shallow reef slopes and a deep reef drop-off. Based on 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing profiles, beta diversity analyses revealed that each sponge species possessed a specific microbiota that was significantly different to those of the other species and exhibited attributes that are characteristic of high- and/or low-microbial-abundance sponges. These findings emphasize the influence of host identity on the associated microbiota. Dominant sponge- and seawater-associated bacterial phyla were Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Comparison of individual sponge taxa and seawater samples between shallow and deep reef sites revealed no significant variation in alpha diversity estimates, while differences in microbial beta diversity (variation in community composition) were significant for Callyspongia sp. sponges and seawater samples. Overall, the sponge-associated microbiota is significantly shaped by host identity across all samples, while the effect of habitat differentiation seems to be less predominant in tropical reef sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinert
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Peter Deines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rachel L Simister
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Michael Hoggard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Wilhelmshaven , Germany
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Bogdanov A, Hertzer C, Kehraus S, Nietzer S, Rohde S, Schupp PJ, Wägele H, König GM. Defensive Diterpene from the Aeolidoidean Phyllodesmium longicirrum. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:611-615. [PMID: 26649919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodesmium is a tropical marine slug genus with about 30 described species. None of them have a protective shell, and all of them feed on octocorals that are generally known to provide defensive compounds and thus help to defend the naked slugs against sympatric predators, such as fish, crabs, cephalopods, and echinoderms. Phyllodesmium longicirrum is the species that grows the biggest and that is least protected by camouflage on its respective food, usually a soft coral of the genus Sarcophyton. Investigation of the lipophilic extract of a single specimen of P. longicirrum from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) led to the isolation of four new polycyclic diterpenes. Compound 1 showed significant deterrent activity in a fish feeding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Heike Wägele
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig , Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Steinert G, Taylor MW, Schupp PJ. Diversity of Actinobacteria Associated with the Marine Ascidian Eudistoma toealensis. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2015; 17:377-385. [PMID: 25678260 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ascidians have yielded a wide variety of bioactive natural products. The colonial ascidian Eudistoma toealensis from Micronesia has been identified as the source of a series of staurosporine derivatives, though the exact origin of these derivatives is still unknown. To identify known staurosporine-producing microbes associated with E. toealensis, we analyzed with 16S rRNA gene tag pyrosequencing the overall bacterial community and focused on potential symbiotic bacteria already known from other ascidians or other marine hosts, such as sponges. The described microbiota was one of very high diversity, comprising 43 phyla: two from archaea, 34 described bacterial phyla, and seven candidate bacterial phyla. Many bacteria, which are renowned community members of other ascidians and marine holobionts, such as sponges and corals, were also part of the E. toealensis microbial community. Furthermore, two known producers of indolocarbazoles, Salinispora and Verrucosispora, were found with high abundance exclusively in the ascidian tissue, suggesting that microbial symbionts and not the organism itself may be the true producers of the staurosporines in E. toealensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinert
- Institute for the Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany,
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42
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Abstract
Sponges and other sessile invertebrates are lacking behavioural escape or defense mechanisms and rely therefore on morphological or chemical defenses. Studies from terrestrial systems and marine algae demonstrated facultative defenses like induction and activation to be common, suggesting that sessile marine organisms also evolved mechanisms to increase the efficiency of their chemical defense. However, inducible defenses in sponges have not been investigated so far and studies on activated defenses are rare. We investigated whether tropical sponge species induce defenses in response to artificial predation and whether wounding triggers defense activation. Additionally, we tested if these mechanisms are also used to boost antimicrobial activity to avoid bacterial infection. Laboratory experiments with eight pacific sponge species showed that 87% of the tested species were chemically defended. Two species, Stylissa massa and Melophlus sarasinorum, induced defenses in response to simulated predation, which is the first demonstration of induced antipredatory defenses in marine sponges. One species, M. sarasinorum, also showed activated defense in response to wounding. Interestingly, 50% of the tested sponge species demonstrated induced antimicrobial defense. Simulated predation increased the antimicrobial defenses in Aplysinella sp., Cacospongia sp., M. sarasinorum, and S. massa. Our results suggest that wounding selects for induced antimicrobial defenses to protect sponges from pathogens that could otherwise invade the sponge tissue via feeding scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Nietzer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Steinert G, Whitfield S, Taylor MW, Thoms C, Schupp PJ. Application of diffusion growth chambers for the cultivation of marine sponge-associated bacteria. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2014; 16:594-603. [PMID: 24838766 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges contain dense and diverse microbial communities, which are renowned as a source of bioactive metabolites. The biological activities of sponge-microbe natural products span a broad spectrum, from antibacterial and antifungal to antitumor and antiviral applications. However, the potential of sponge-derived compounds has not been fully realized, due largely to the acknowledged "supply issue." Most bacteria from environmental samples have resisted cultivation on artificial growth media, and cultivation of sponge-associated bacteria has been a major focus in the search for novel marine natural products. One approach to isolate so-called "uncultivable" microorganisms from different environments is the diffusion growth chamber method. Here, we describe the first application of diffusion growth chambers for the isolation of cultivable and previously uncultivated bacteria from sponges. The study was conducted by implanting diffusion growth chambers in the tissue of Rhabdastrella globostellata reef sponges. In total, 255 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, with phylogenetic analyses revealing their affiliations with the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Fifteen sequences represented previously uncultivated bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Alpha and Gamma classes). Our results indicate that the diffusion growth chamber approach can be successfully applied in a natural, living marine environment such as sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinert
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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44
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45
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Simister R, Taylor MW, Rogers KM, Schupp PJ, Deines P. Temporal molecular and isotopic analysis of active bacterial communities in two New Zealand sponges. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:195-205. [PMID: 23488722 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of changes in microbial communities is an essential step towards a better understanding of host-microbe associations. It is well established that sponges (phylum Porifera) harbour a diverse and abundant microbial community, but it is not known whether these microbial communities change over time. Here, we followed two sponge species (Ancorina alata and Tethya stolonifera) over a 2-year sampling period using RNA (16S rRNA)-based amplicon pyrosequencing and bulk stable isotope analysis (δ(13) C and δ(15)N). A total of 4468 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was identified, which were affiliated with 26 bacterial phyla. Bacterial communities of both sponge species were remarkably stable throughout the monitoring period, driven by a small number of OTUs that dominated their respective communities. Variability of sponge-associated bacterial communities was driven by OTUs that were low in abundance or transient over time. Stable isotope analysis provided evidence of both bacteria- and host-derived nutrients and their variability throughout the season. While δ(15) N values were similar, significant differences were found in δ(13) C of sponge tissue, indicative of a varying reliance on particulate organic matter as a carbon source. Further temporal studies, such as those undertaken here, will be highly valuable to identify which members of a sponge bacterial community are truly symbiotic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Simister
- Centre for Microbial Innovation, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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46
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Caballes CF, Schupp PJ, Pratchett MS, Rivera-Posada JA. Interspecific transmission and recovery of TCBS-induced disease between Acanthaster planci and Linckia guildingi. Dis Aquat Organ 2012; 100:263-267. [PMID: 22968793 DOI: 10.3354/dao02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the coral-feeding crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci to disease may provide an avenue with which to effectively control population outbreaks that have caused severe and widespread coral loss in the Indo-Pacific. Injecting thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar into A. planci tissues induced a disease characterized by dermal lesions, loss of skin turgor, collapsed spines, and accumulation of mucus on spine tips. Moreover, the symptoms (and presumably the agent) of this disease would spread rapidly intraspecifically, but interspecific transmission (to other species of echinoderms) is yet to be examined. Vibrio rotiferianus, which was previously reported as a pathogen isolated from lesions of experimentally infected A. planci, was also recovered from Linckia guildingi lesions after several days of direct contact with diseased A. planci, demonstrating disease transmission. However, all L. guildingi fully recovered after 31 ± 16 d. Further studies are in progress to understand the ecology of Vibrio infection in A. planci and the potential transmission risk to corals, fishes, and other echinoderms to evaluate whether injections of TCBS could be a viable tool for controlling A. planci outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Caballes
- University of Guam-Marine Laboratory, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam, USA
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Rohde S, Gochfeld DJ, Ankisetty S, Avula B, Schupp PJ, Slattery M. Spatial variability in secondary metabolites of the indo-pacific sponge Stylissa massa. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:463-75. [PMID: 22569832 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical diversity represents a measure of selective pressures acting on genotypic variability. In order to understand patterns of chemical ecology and biodiversity in the environment, it is necessary to enhance our knowledge of chemical diversity within and among species. Many sponges produce variable levels of secondary metabolites in response to diverse biotic and abiotic environmental factors. This study evaluated intra-specific variability in secondary metabolites in the common Indo-Pacific sponge Stylissa massa over various geographic scales, from local to ocean basin. Several major metabolites were quantified in extracts from sponges collected in American Samoa, Pohnpei, Saipan, and at several sites and depths in Guam. Concentrations of several of these metabolites varied geographically across the Pacific basin, with American Samoa and Pohnpei exhibiting the greatest differences, and Guam and Saipan more similar to each other. There were also significant differences in concentrations among different sites and depths within Guam. The crude extract of S. massa exhibited feeding deterrence against the omnivorous pufferfish Canthigaster solandri at natural concentrations, however, none of the isolated compounds was deterrent at the maximum natural concentrations observed, nor were mixtures of these compounds, thus emphasizing the need for bioassay-guided isolation to characterize specific chemical defenses. Antibacterial activity against a panel of ecologically relevant pathogens was minimal. Depth transplants, predator exclusion, and UV protection experiments were performed, but although temporal variability in compound concentrations was observed, there was no evidence that secondary metabolite concentration in S. massa was induced by any of these factors. Although the reasons behind the variability observed in the chemical constituents of S. massa are still in question, all sponges are not created equal from a chemical standpoint, and these studies provide further insights into patterns of chemical diversity within S. massa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rohde
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
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Rubio BK, Parrish SM, Yoshida W, Schupp PJ, Schils T, Williams PG. Corrigendum to “Depsipeptides from a Guamanian Marine Cyanobacterium, Lyngbya bouillonii, with Selective Inhibition of Serine Proteases” [Tetrahedron Letters 51 (2010) 6718–6721]. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wright AD, Schupp PJ, Schrör JP, Engemann A, Rohde S, Kelman D, de Voogd N, Carroll A, Motti CA. Twilight zone sponges from Guam yield theonellin isocyanate and psammaplysins I and J. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:502-506. [PMID: 22236331 PMCID: PMC3328308 DOI: 10.1021/np200939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
From the organic extracts of two Guam sponges, Rhaphoxya sp. and Suberea sp., determined to have cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities, three new compounds, theonellin isocyanate (1) and psammaplysins I and J (5, 6), and six previously reported compounds (2-4, 7-9) were isolated and characterized spectroscopically ((1)H and (13)C NMR, MS, IR, UV, [α](D)). The two new metabolites (5 and 6) isolated from the Suberea sp. sponge are rare examples of compounds containing a bromotyramine moiety rather than the more usual dibromo analogue. For the compounds isolated from the Rhaphoxya sp., this is the first report of the known compounds 2-4 being found in a single sponge. For previously reported compounds 2-4 complete unambiguous (1)H and (13)C NMR data are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Wright
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, 96720 Hawaii, USA
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), PO Box 2503, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg
| | | | - Anna Engemann
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
| | - Sven Rohde
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
| | - Dovi Kelman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, 96720 Hawaii, USA
| | - Nicole de Voogd
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Carroll
- Griffith University, School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Cherie A. Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB no. 3, Townsville MC, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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Schmitt S, Tsai P, Bell J, Fromont J, Ilan M, Lindquist N, Perez T, Rodrigo A, Schupp PJ, Vacelet J, Webster N, Hentschel U, Taylor MW. Assessing the complex sponge microbiota: core, variable and species-specific bacterial communities in marine sponges. ISME J 2011; 6:564-76. [PMID: 21993395 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marine sponges are well known for their associations with highly diverse, yet very specific and often highly similar microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify potential bacterial sub-populations in relation to sponge phylogeny and sampling sites and to define the core bacterial community. 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was applied to 32 sponge species from eight locations around the world's oceans, thereby generating 2567 operational taxonomic units (OTUs at the 97% sequence similarity level) in total and up to 364 different OTUs per sponge species. The taxonomic richness detected in this study comprised 25 bacterial phyla with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Poribacteria being most diverse in sponges. Among these phyla were nine candidate phyla, six of them found for the first time in sponges. Similarity comparison of bacterial communities revealed no correlation with host phylogeny but a tropical sub-population in that tropical sponges have more similar bacterial communities to each other than to subtropical sponges. A minimal core bacterial community consisting of very few OTUs (97%, 95% and 90%) was found. These microbes have a global distribution and are probably acquired via environmental transmission. In contrast, a large species-specific bacterial community was detected, which is represented by OTUs present in only a single sponge species. The species-specific bacterial community is probably mainly vertically transmitted. It is proposed that different sponges contain different bacterial species, however, these bacteria are still closely related to each other explaining the observed similarity of bacterial communities in sponges in this and previous studies. This global analysis represents the most comprehensive study of bacterial symbionts in sponges to date and provides novel insights into the complex structure of these unique associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schmitt
- Centre for Microbial Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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