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Zhang Y, Tian L, Wang Y, Mo L, Liu Q, Ren Y, Teng F, Yin M, Liu P, He Y. Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydrophosphination and Hydroamidation of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5442-5457. [PMID: 38567881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, concise, efficient, and modular hydrophosphinylation and hydroamidation of gem-difluorocyclopropenes were disclosed in a mild and transition-metal-free pattern. Through this approach, phosphorus, and nitrogen-containing gem-difluorocyclopropanes were produced in moderate to good yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Readily available gem-difluorocyclopropenes and nucleophilic reagents, along with inexpensive inorganic bases, were employed. Multiple synthetic applications, including gram-scale and derivatization reactions and modification of bioactive molecules, were subsequently elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Limei Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lisha Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Fan Teng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Minhai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yimiao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Itoh T, Hayase S, Nokami T. Synthesis of Selectively gem-Difluorinated Molecules; Chiral gem-Difluorocyclopropanes via Chemo-Enzymatic Reaction and gem-Difluorinated Compounds via Radical Reaction. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300028. [PMID: 36949016 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorine atoms into an organic compound can alter the chemical reactivity or biological activity of the resulting compound due to the strong electron withdrawing nature of the fluorine atom. We have synthesized many original gem-difluorinated compounds and described the results in four sections. The first section describes the synthesis of optically active-gem-difluorocyclopropanes via the chemo-enzymatic reaction; we applied these compounds to liquid crystalline molecules, then further discovered a potent DNA cleavage activity for the gem-difluorocyclopropane derivatives. The second section describes the synthesis of selectively gem-difluorinated compounds via a radical reaction; we synthesized fluorinated analogues of a sex pheromone of the male African sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina, and used the compounds as proof for investigating the origin of pheromone molecule recognition on the receptor protein. The third involves the synthesis of 2,2-difluorinated-esters by visible light-driven radical addition of 2,2-difluoroacetate with alkenes or alkynes in the presence of an organic pigment. The last section describes the synthesis of gem-difluorinated compounds via the ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropanes. We further developed a novel method of synthesizing gem-difluorohomoallylic alcohols via the ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropane and aerobic oxidation by photo-irradiation in the presence of an organic pigment. Since gem-difluorinated compounds that were prepared by the present method have two olefinic moieties with a different reactivity at the terminal position, we accomplished the synthesis of four types of gem-difluorinated cyclic alkenols via the ring-closing-metathesis (RCM) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Emeritus Professor of Tottori University, 41-1 Yokomichi, 480-1192, Nagakute city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hayase
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
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Louis-Goff T, Trinh HV, Chen E, Rheingold AL, Ehm C, Hyvl J. Stabilizing Effect of Pre-equilibria: A Trifluoromethyl Complex as a CF 2 Reservoir in Catalytic Olefin Difluorocarbenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Louis-Goff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Huu Vinh Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Eileen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Maruno K, Niina K, Nagata O, Shibata N. Synthesis of an Eccentric Electron-Deficient Fluorinated Motif, Tetrafluoro-λ 6-sulfanyl gem-Difluorocyclopropenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1722-1726. [PMID: 35199518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluoro-functionalization is now recognized as a critical strategy in drug discovery; however, the accessible fluoro-functional groups are limited. We herein introduce an eccentric, fully fluorinated motif, trans-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl gem-difluorocyclopropene 2. This novel motif is highly lipophilic and polarized, enabling a connection of two independent groups via three continuous atoms with a large angle of pseudo cis configuration. The target motif was synthesized via a [2+1] cycloaddition of electron-deficient (hetero)aryl-SF4-alkynes 1 with an electrophilic difluorocarbene source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Maruno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoteru Niina
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagata
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ube Industries, Ltd., Seavans North Building, 1-2-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8449, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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6
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Adekenova KS, Wyatt PB, Adekenov SM. The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:245-272. [PMID: 33564335 PMCID: PMC7849233 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the functionalization of organic molecules with fluorine substituents has grown rapidly due to its applications in such fields as medicine, agriculture or materials sciences. The aim of this article is to review the importance of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives in synthesis. It will examine the role of the fluorine substituents in both ring-forming and ring-opening reactions, as well as methods for obtaining difluorocyclopropanes as single enantiomers. Several examples are provided to highlight the biological importance of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymbat S Adekenova
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Peter B Wyatt
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sergazy M Adekenov
- JSC "International Research and Production Holding "Phytochemistry", Karaganda city, 100009, Republic of Kazakhstan
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7
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Shen GH, Hong JH. Chemical Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Analogs Linked with Cyclic Systems between the Phosphonate and the Base Moieties. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5918-5948. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) analogs linked with cyclic systems
are described in the present review. The purpose of the review is to report the methodology of
ANP analogs and to give an idea on the synthesis of a therapeutic structural feature of such analogs.
The cyclopropane systems were mainly prepared by diazomethane cyclopropanation catalyzed by
Pd(OAc)2, intramolecular alkylation, Kulinkovich cyclopropanation, and use of difluorocyclopropane,
and so forth. The preparation of methylenecyclopropane system was made by diazoacetate
cyclopropanation catalyzed by Rhodium followed by addition-elimination reactions. For the preparation
of a variety of tethered 1,2,3-triazole systems, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azidealkylphosphonates
and propargylated nucleobases was mainly applied. The formation of various
phosphonate moieties was achieved via phosphonylation of alkoxide, cross-coupling between
BrZnCF2P (O)(OEt)2 with iodoalkens catalyzed by CuBr, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction with phosphite,
and Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertion, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huan Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Treatment for Senile Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Joon Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Korea
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8
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Finta Z, Hell Z, Cwik A, Tőke L. A Simple Synthesis of 1,1,2-tris-(Hydroxymethyl)-Cyclopropane and Its Dihalo Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823402103172653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phase transfer catalytic cyclopropanation of the malonic ester of allylic alcohol or its 3,3-dibromo and 3,3-dichloro derivatives yields bicyclic cyclopropane carboxylic acid lactones; reduction of these lactones with LiAlH4 in boiling THF yields the appropriate 1,1,2-tris-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanes in satisfactory yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Finta
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hell
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnieszka Cwik
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tőke
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Goswami M, de Bruin B, Dzik WI. Difluorocarbene transfer from a cobalt complex to an electron-deficient alkene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4382-4385. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01418j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A Co(ii) porphyrin complex catalyses difluorocarbene transfer to an acrylate using TMSCF3 as the source of CF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Homogeneous
- Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Science Park 904
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous
- Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Science Park 904
| | - Wojciech I. Dzik
- Homogeneous
- Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Science Park 904
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10
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Orr D, Percy JM, Harrison ZA. A computational triage approach to the synthesis of novel difluorocyclopentenes and fluorinated cycloheptadienes using thermal rearrangements. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6369-6380. [PMID: 28451092 PMCID: PMC5355944 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations have been used for the effective triage of substituent effects on difluorinated vinylcyclopropane precursors and their ability to undergo vinyl cyclopropane rearrangements (VCPR). Groups which effectively stabilised radicals, specifically heteroarenes, were found to result in the lowest energy barriers. Ten novel precursors were synthesised to test the accuracy of computational predictions; the most reactive species which contained heteroarenes underwent thermal rearrangements at room temperature to afford novel difluorocyclopentenes and fluorinated benzocycloheptadienes through competing VCPR and [3,3]-rearrangement pathways, respectively. More controlled rearrangement of ethyl 3-(1'(2'2'-difluoro-3'-benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropyl)propenoate (22) allowed these competing pathways to be monitored at the same time and activation energies for both reactions were determined; Ea(VCPR) = (23.4 ± 0.2) kcal mol-1 and Ea([3,3]) = (24.9 ± 0.3) kcal mol-1. Comparing our calculated activation energies with these parameters showed that no single method stood out as the most accurate for predicting barrier heights; (U)M05-2X/6-31+G* methodology remained the best for VCPR but M06-2X/6-31G* was better for the [3,3]-rearrangement. The consistency observed with (U)B3LYP/6-31G* calculations meant that it came closest to a universal method for dealing with these systems. The developed computational design model correctly predicted the observed selectivity of rearrangement pathways for both our system and literature compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Orr
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Zoë A Harrison
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU , GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , SG1 2NY , UK
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Thankachan AP, Sindhu KS, Krishnan KK, Anilkumar G. Recent advances in the syntheses, transformations and applications of 1,1-dihalocyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8780-802. [PMID: 26173173 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
gem-Dihalocyclopropanes have wide-spread applications in organic synthesis due to their versatile chemistry. They can serve as substrates for a large range of useful materials such as natural products, alkaloids, cyclopropanes, heterocycles, aromatic ring systems etc. Normally the dihalocyclopropanes are prepared by the addition of dihalocarbene to alkene, but due to the great synthetic efficacy of gem-dihalocyclopropanes a number of methods have been developed for their synthesis. Generally gem-dihalocyclopropanes exist as strained cyclic systems with astonishing kinetic stability. They are capable of undergoing transformations leading to a variety of products which have potential applications in various synthetic organic chemistry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha P Thankachan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560.
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12
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Orr D, Percy JM, Tuttle T, Kennedy AR, Harrison ZA. Evaluating the Thermal Vinylcyclopropane Rearrangement (VCPR) as a Practical Method for the Synthesis of Difluorinated Cyclopentenes: Experimental and Computational Studies of Rearrangement Stereospecificity. Chemistry 2014; 20:14305-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Zhang CP, Chen QY, Guo Y, Xiao JC, Gu YC. Difluoromethylation and trifluoromethylation reagents derived from tetrafluoroethane β-sultone: Synthesis, reactivity and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Gu WP, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Direct N-gem-difluorocyclopropylation of nitro-heterocycles by utilizing gem-difluorocyclopropyl tosylate. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Yang TP, Lin JH, Chen QY, Xiao JC. A novel reaction of gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones with nitriles leading to 2-fluoropyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9833-5. [PMID: 24030730 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Po Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Li H, Yoo JC, Kim E, Hong JH. Synthesis of novel difluoro-cyclopropyl guanine nucleosides and their phosphonate analogues as potent antiviral agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 30:945-60. [PMID: 22060557 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.625374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new rigid guanine analogues with anti-HIV-1 and anti-herpes viral activities is described. The phosphonate of difluorocyclopropane nucleoside analogue 26 exhibits in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity similar to that of PMEA in MT-4 cells. Further, analogue 20 shows moderate anti-HCMV activity in MRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes and Cyclopropenes: Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane as a Difluorocarbene Source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7153-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Wang F, Luo T, Hu J, Wang Y, Krishnan HS, Jog PV, Ganesh SK, Prakash GKS, Olah GA. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes and Cyclopropenes: Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane as a Difluorocarbene Source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Lenhardt JM, Ogle JW, Ong MT, Choe R, Martinez TJ, Craig SL. Reactive Cross-Talk between Adjacent Tension-Trapped Transition States. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3222-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lenhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - James W. Ogle
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mitchell T. Ong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Todd J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Wang F, Zhang W, Zhu J, Li H, Huang KW, Hu J. Chloride ion-catalyzed generation of difluorocarbene for efficient preparation of gem-difluorinated cyclopropenes and cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2411-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Swamy KCK, Kumar NNB, Balaraman E, Kumar KVPP. Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: Advances and Applications. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2551-651. [PMID: 19382806 DOI: 10.1021/cr800278z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 868] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - N. N. Bhuvan Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
| | - E. Balaraman
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad − 500046, A. P., India
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24
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Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A serine protease inhibitors: SAR of new P1 derivatives of SCH 503034. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4219-23. [PMID: 18547808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Substitutions on the P(1) cyclobutyl side chain of SCH 503034 were studied by introduction of hydroxyl and fluoro substituents. Additionally, effects of fluoro substitution on other P1 moieties were evaluated.
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25
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Fujioka Y, Amii H. Boron-Substituted Difluorocyclopropanes: New Building Blocks of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2008; 10:769-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702851t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Fujioka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Amii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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26
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Oh CH, Hong JH. Short synthesis and antiviral evaluation of C-fluoro-branched cyclopropyl nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 26:403-11. [PMID: 17479435 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701297018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorocyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized using the Simmons-Smith reaction as a key reaction starting from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone. All the nucleosides synthesized were assayed against several viruses. Among the compounds synthesized, the 5-fluorouracil analogue 15 showed significant anti-HCMV activity (9.22 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Oh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kim A, Hong JH. Synthesis and antiviral activity of C-fluoro-branched cyclopropyl nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42:487-93. [PMID: 17188402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel fluorocyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized starting from acetol using the Simmons-Smith reaction as a key reaction. All the nucleosides synthesized were assayed against several viruses. Among the compounds synthesized, the uracil analogue 22 showed moderate anti-HCMV activity (10.61 microg/mL, in AD-169).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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28
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Elhalem E, Comin MJ, Rodriguez JB. Synthesis of Conformationally Locked Carbocyclic Nucleosides Built on a Thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane System as a Pseudosugar Surrogate. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Itoh T, Ishida N, Mitsukura K, Hayase S, Ohashi K. Synthesis of optically active gem-difluorocyclopropanes through a chemo-enzymatic reaction strategy. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Dolbier WR, Tian F, Duan JX, Li AR, Ait-Mohand S, Bautista O, Buathong S, Marshall Baker J, Crawford J, Anselme P, Cai XH, Modzelewska A, Koroniak H, Battiste MA, Chen QY. Trimethylsilyl fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate (TFDA): a new, highly efficient difluorocarbene reagent. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Dolbier WR, Battiste MA. Structure, synthesis, and chemical reactions of fluorinated cyclopropanes and cyclopropenes. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1071-98. [PMID: 12683777 DOI: 10.1021/cr010023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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32
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Fedoryński M. Syntheses of gem-dihalocyclopropanes and their use in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1099-132. [PMID: 12683778 DOI: 10.1021/cr0100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fedoryński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
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33
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Comin MJ, Rodriguez JB, Russ P, Marquez VE. Synthesis of conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleosides built on an oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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A comparative study on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of diazomethane and bis(diisopropylamino)phosphinodiazomethane to chiral electron-deficient olefins: reactivity and diastereoselectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Morrison HM, Rainbolt JE, Lewis SB. Synthesis of 1,3-difluoroaromatics in one pot by addition of difluorocarbene from sodium chlorodifluoroacetate to 1,2-substituted cyclobutenes. Org Lett 2002; 4:3871-3. [PMID: 12599480 DOI: 10.1021/ol020158j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] The synthesis of 1,3-difluoro-2,4-diphenylbenzene has been accomplished in one step from 1,2-diphenylcyclobutene using the environmentally benign difluorocarbene precursor sodium chlorodifluoroacetate. In addition, the preparation of the previously unknown compound 1,3-difluoro-2,4-di-n-propylbenzene has been accomplished in one step from 1,2-di-n-propylcyclobutene using Seyferth's reagent (Ph-Hg-CF3) and sodium chlorodifluoroacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, James Madison University, MSC 7701, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
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36
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Muray E, Rifé J, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM. Stereoselective synthesis of novel types of cyclopropyl carbocyclic nucleosides containing quaternary stereogenic centers. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4520-5. [PMID: 12076151 DOI: 10.1021/jo025599v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Versatile and stereocontrolled synthetic entries to novel types of cyclopropyl carbocyclic nucleosides are described. The target products have been synthesized from suitable cyclopropane precursors obtained, in turn, from olefinic compounds derived from D-glyceraldehyde as a chiral precursor. Selective manipulation of the functional groups has allowed the preparation of enantiopure nucleosides, some of them displaying opposite chirality. All these molecules contain a quaternary stereogenic carbon at C-1 or C-3 of the cyclopropane ring and bear an amino, a hydroxymethyl, or a methyl group as an additional substituent. In one instance, thymine is directly linked to the cyclopropane. A methylene unit serves as the spacer in the other synthesized nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muray
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Haufe G, Rosen TC, Meyer OG, Fröhlich R, Rissanen K. Synthesis, reactions and structural features of monofluorinated cyclopropanecarboxylates. J Fluor Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Lamberth C. NUCLEOSIDES WITH A CARBON BRIDGE BETWEEN SUGAR AND NUCLEOBASE: THE CHEMISTRY OF 1′-HOMONUCLEOSIDES AND REVERSED NUCLEOSIDES. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940209355752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Kim HS, Ravi RG, Marquez VE, Maddileti S, Wihlborg AK, Erlinge D, Malmsjö M, Boyer JL, Harden TK, Jacobson KA. Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:208-18. [PMID: 11754592 PMCID: PMC4957029 DOI: 10.1021/jm010369e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The potency of nucleotide antagonists at P2Y1 receptors was enhanced by replacing the ribose moiety with a constrained carbocyclic ring (Nandanan, et al. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 829-842). We have now synthesized ring-constrained methanocarba analogues (in which a fused cyclopropane moiety constrains the pseudosugar ring) of adenine and uracil nucleotides, the endogenous activators of P2Y receptors. Methanocarba-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was fixed in either a Northern (N) or a Southern (S) conformation, as defined in the pseudorotational cycle. (N)-Methanocarba-uridine was prepared from the 1-amino-pseudosugar ring by treatment with beta-ethoxyacryloyl cyanate and cyclization to form the uracil ring. Phosphorylation was carried out at the 5'-hydroxyl group through a multistep process: Reaction with phosphoramidite followed by oxidation provided the 5'-monophosphates, which then were treated with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole for condensation with additional phosphate groups. The ability of the analogues to stimulate phospholipase C through activation of turkey P2Y1 or human P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11 receptors stably expressed in astrocytoma cells was measured. At recombinant human P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors, (N)-methanocarba-ATP was 138- and 41-fold, respectively, more potent than racemic (S)-methanocarba-ATP as an agonist. (N)-methanocarba-ATP activated P2Y11 receptors with a potency similar to ATP. (N)-Methanocarba-uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) was equipotent to UTP as an agonist at human P2Y2 receptors and also activated P2Y4 receptors with an EC(50) of 85 nM. (N)-Methanocarba-uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) was inactive at the hP2Y6 receptor. The vascular effects of (N)-methanocarba-UTP and (N)-methanocarba-UDP were studied in a model of the rat mesenteric artery. The triphosphate was more potent than UTP in inducing a dilatory P2Y4 response (pEC(50) = 6.1 +/- 0.2), while the diphosphate was inactive as either an agonist or antagonist in a P2Y6 receptor-mediated contractile response. Our results suggest that new nucleotide agonists may be designed on the basis of the (N) conformation that favors selectivity for P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Sung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810
| | - R. Gnana Ravi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Savitri Maddileti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365
| | | | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - José L. Boyer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365
| | - T. Kendall Harden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (301)496-9024. Fax: (301)480-8422.
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new and highly versatile source of difluorocarbene is reported. Trimethylsilyl fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate (TFDA) undergoes decomposition in the presence of catalytic fluoride to form difluorocarbene under conditions that allow its addition to relatively electron deficient alkenes in high yield. For example, unprecedented CF2: addition to n-butyl acrylate proceeded in 73% yield.
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42
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Rifé J, Ortuño RM. Synthesis of Novel Cyclopropyl Carbocyclic Nucleosides from (−)-(Z)-2,3-Methanohomoserine. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol990203w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Rifé
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Synthesis of optically active bisdifluorocyclopropanes through a chemo-enzymatic reaction strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Itoh T, Mitsukura K, Furutani M. Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,3-difluorocyclopropane Derivatives through Lipase-Catalyzed Reaction. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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