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Recent advances in site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates mediated by organocatalysts. Carbohydr Res 2018; 471:64-77. [PMID: 30508658 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the four fundamental building blocks of life, carbohydrates assume varied and expansive roles in biological contexts. More in-depth understanding of carbohydrates and their interactions, however, is often restricted by our inability to synthesize and subsequently functionalize them in a site-selective manner. This review will summarize recent advances in the site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates using organocatalysts, including achiral catalysts, chiral nucleophilic bases, chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral phosphoric acids, with an emphasis on the catalytic nature in each case. As in many endeavors, taking an alternative approach can often lead to success, and selected examples of these achievements will be highlighted as well.
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Harale KR, Rout JK, Chhikara MK, Gill DS, Misra AK. Synthesis and immunochemical evaluation of a novel Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A tetrasaccharide and its conjugate. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tetrameric repeating unit of capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A was synthesized which mimicked natural polysaccharide in immunochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R. Harale
- MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd
- New Delhi 110062
- India
| | - Jeetendra K. Rout
- MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd
- New Delhi 110062
- India
| | | | - Davinder S. Gill
- MSD Wellcome Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd
- New Delhi 110062
- India
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Łopatkiewicz G, Mlynarski J. Synthesis of l-Pyranosides by Hydroboration of Hex-5-enopyranosides Revisited. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7545-56. [PMID: 27504790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study of the diastereoselective synthesis of l-pyranosides utilizing hydroboration of substituted exo-glucals (5-enopyranosides) obtained from d-sugars is presented. On the basis of this study we present the empirical rules describing the reaction stereoselectivity and the correlation between the yield of the l-ido product and the size of protecting groups used. Application of these guidelines revealed that the hydroboration of methyl 2,3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-α-d-xylo-hex-5-enopyranoside resulted in exclusive formation of l-ido product with high yield. This method can be successfully applied to the synthesis of l-iduronic acid being an essential component of anticoagulant drugs with diastereoselectivity superior to previously published protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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5
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Moya-López JF, Elhalem E, Recio R, Álvarez E, Fernández I, Khiar N. Studies on the diastereoselective oxidation of 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosides: synthesis of the usually less favoured R(S) sulfoxide as a single diastereoisomer. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1904-14. [PMID: 25519807 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study on the diastereoselective oxidation of 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosides is reported. It has been shown that the sense and the degree of stereochemical outcome of the oxidation are highly dependent on the substituent of the sulfur and on the protective group of the C2-OH. In the case of thioglycosides with a bulky aglycone, the mesylation of C2-OH has a significant effect on the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation, affording the usually less favoured RS sulfoxide as a single diastereoisomer. The absolute configuration of the final sulfinyl glycosides was ascertained by NMR analysis and corroborated by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Moya-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, c/. Américo Vespucio, 49., Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Hevey R, Morland A, Ling CC. A Scalable Approach to Obtaining Orthogonally Protected β-d-Idopyranosides. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6760-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300764k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hevey
- Alberta Glycomics
Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary,
Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alizée Morland
- Alberta Glycomics
Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary,
Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Alberta Glycomics
Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary,
Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Wang G, Lu Z, Ding N, Zhang W, Wang P, Li Y. Differentiating the 2,3-diols of glucopyranosides by 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected-1,2-d-glucopyranosylorthoesters strategy. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2368-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pépin M, Hubert-Roux M, Martin C, Guillen F, Lange C, Gouhier G. First Examples of α-(1→4)-Glycosylation Reactions on Ionic Liquid Supports. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cui J, Liu A, Guan Y, Zheng J, Shen Z, Wan X. Tuning the helicity of self-assembled structure of a sugar-based organogelator by the proper choice of cooling rate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3615-3622. [PMID: 19921782 DOI: 10.1021/la903064n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel sugar-appended low-molecular-mass gelator, 4''-butoxy-4-hydroxy-p-terphenyl-beta-D-glucoside (BHTG), was synthesized. It formed thermally reversible gels in a variety of aqueous and organic solvents. Three-dimensional networks made up of helical ribbons were observed in the mixture of H(2)O/1,4-dioxane (40/60 v/v). The handedness of the ribbons depended on the rate of gel formation. Fast-cooling process led to right-handed ribbons, while slow-cooling process led to left-handed ones. A combinatory analyses of microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction techniques revealed that BHTG formed a twisted interdigitated bilayer structure with a d spacing of 3.1 nm in gels through a kinetically controlled nucleation-growth process. There were two kinds of molecular orientations of BHTG in the nuclei, clockwise and anticlockwise, which dictated the growth of ribbons. One was metastable and formed first during the cooling process of gel formation. It was able to gradually transform into the more stable latter one with further decreasing temperature. Fast-cooling process did not leave enough time for the nuclei to evolve from metastable to stable state and the ribbons grown from them exhibited right-handedness. However, the metastable nuclei transformed into the stable one when cooled slowly and directed the molecules of BHTG to grow into left-handed aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
Lipases are used in various sectors, as pharmaceutical, food or detergency industry. Their advantage versus classical chemical catalysts is that they exhibit a better selectivity and operate in milder reaction conditions. Theses enzymes can also be used in lipophilization reactions corresponding to the grafting of a lipophilic moiety to a hydrophilic one such as sugar, amino acids and proteins, or phenolic compounds. The major difficulty to overcome in such enzyme-catalyzed reaction resides in the fact that the two involved substrates greatly differ in term of polarity and solvent affinity. Therefore, several key parameters are to be considered in order to achieve the reaction in satisfactory kinetics and yields. The present review discusses the nature of such parameters (eg solvent nature, water activity, chemical modification of substrates) and illustrates their effect with examples of lipase-catalyzed lipophilization reactions of various sugar, amino acids or phenolic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Villeneuve
- UMR IATE Laboratoire de Lipotechnie, CIRAD, TA 40/16, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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11
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Evtushenko EV. Regioselective Monoacetylation of Methyl Pyranosides of Pentoses and 6‐Deoxyhexoses by Acetic Anhydride in the Presence of MoCl5. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600591565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Evtushenko
- a Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok, Russia
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Peri F, Nicotra F, Leslie CP, Micheli F, Seneci P, Marchioro C. d‐Glucose as a Regioselectively Addressable Scaffold for Combinatorial Chemistry on Solid Phase. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120019014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peri
- a Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano–Bicocca , Piazza Della Scienza, 2, I‐20126, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- a Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano–Bicocca , Piazza Della Scienza, 2, I‐20126, Italy
| | - Colin P. Leslie
- b Medicines Research Centre , GlaxoSmithKline SpA , Via Fleming 4, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Micheli
- b Medicines Research Centre , GlaxoSmithKline SpA , Via Fleming 4, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- b Medicines Research Centre , GlaxoSmithKline SpA , Via Fleming 4, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Carla Marchioro
- b Medicines Research Centre , GlaxoSmithKline SpA , Via Fleming 4, Verona, 37135, Italy
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Baek JY, Shin YJ, Jeon HB, Kim KS. Picolinyl group as an efficient alcohol protecting group: cleavage with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O under a neutral condition. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chinchilla R, Nájera C, Yus M. Metalated Heterocycles and Their Applications in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2667-722. [PMID: 15137804 DOI: 10.1021/cr020101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Vallikivi I, Lille Ü, Lookene A, Metsala A, Sikk P, Tõugu V, Vija H, Villo L, Parve O. Lipase action on some non-triglyceride substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(03)00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pratt MR, Bertozzi CR. Chemoselective ligation applied to the synthesis of a biantennary N-linked glycoform of CD52. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6149-59. [PMID: 12785846 DOI: 10.1021/ja029346v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here a strategy for the synthesis of N-linked glycopeptide analogues that replace the glycosidic linkages extending from the core pentasaccharide with thioethers amenable to construction by chemoselective ligation. The key building block, a pentasaccharide-Asn analogue containing two thiol residues, was incorporated into CD52 by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. An undecasaccharide mimetic was then readily generated by alkylation of this glycopeptide with an N-bromoacetamido trisaccharide. The rapid assembly of a complex type N-linked glycopeptide mimetic was accomplished using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Wang CC, Lee JC, Luo SY, Fan HF, Pai CL, Yang WC, Lu LD, Hung SC. Synthesis of Biologically Potentα1→2-Linked Disaccharide Derivatives via Regioselective One-Pot Protection-Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020703)114:13<2466::aid-ange2466>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang CC, Lee JC, Luo SY, Fan HF, Pai CL, Yang WC, Lu LD, Hung SC. Synthesis of biologically potent alpha1-->2-linked disaccharide derivatives via regioselective one-pot protection-glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:2360-2. [PMID: 12203592 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2360::aid-anie2360>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kadereit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, Richard-Willstätter-Allee 2, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Murphy PV, O'Brien JL, Smith AB. Stereospecific synthesis of beta-D-allopyranosides by dihydroxylation of beta-D-erythro-2,3-dideoxyhex-2-enopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2001; 334:327-35. [PMID: 11527535 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-erythro-2-3-dideoxyhex-2-enopyranosides and their osmium and ruthenium catalysed dihydroxylation reactions have been investigated. These reactions have been shown, for a range of monosaccharides and a disaccharide, to proceed stereospecifically to give beta-D-allopyranosides in moderate to excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
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Drew MG, Ennis SC, Gridley JJ, Osborn HM, Spackman DG. Synthesis of disaccharides containing α-linked GlcNAc or β-linked ManNAc units. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Osborn HM, Brome VA, Harwood LM, Suthers WG. Regioselective C-3-O-acylation and O-methylation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-gluco- and galactopyranosides displaying a range of anomeric substituents. Carbohydr Res 2001; 332:157-66. [PMID: 11434373 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective C-3-O-acylation and O-methylation of a range of 4,6-O-benzylidene-beta-D-gluco- and galactopyranosides has been studied. Regioselectivity is achieved by forming the copper chelate of the 2,3-diol using either sodium hydride and copper(II) chloride, or copper(II) acetylacetanoate, or copper(II) acetate, prior to introduction of the acylating or methylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Osborn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
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Gridley JJ, Osborn HM, Suthers WG. Regioselective C-3-O-acylation and O-alkylation of 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside, derivatives displaying a range of anomeric substituents. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Parve O, Järving I, Martin I, Metsala A, Vallikivi I, Aidnik M, Pehk T, Samel N. Lipase-catalysed acylation of prostanoids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1853-8. [PMID: 10406654 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural prostaglandins (PG) F2alpha and E1 as well as (+)-cloprostenol were regioselectively 11-acylated using Novozym 435 as a catalyst and vinyl acetate as an acyl donor. Unlike the above compounds the 15-OH group of PGE2 was also acylated with a significant velocity under the same conditions. The enantiospecificity of the lipase-catalysed 11-acetylation of cloprostenol was established by separate treatment of(+)- and (-)-cloprostenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Parve
- Institute of Chemistry at Tallinn Technical University, Estonia.
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