1
|
Gerard B, Dandapani S, Duvall JR, Fitzgerald ME, Kesavan S, Lee MD, Lowe JT, Marié JC, Pandya BA, Suh BC, O’Shea MW, Dombrowski M, Hamann D, Lemercier B, Murillo T, Akella LB, Foley MA, Marcaurelle LA. Synthesis of stereochemically and skeletally diverse fused ring systems from functionalized C-glycosides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5160-71. [PMID: 23692141 PMCID: PMC3752688 DOI: 10.1021/jo4000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) strategy was developed for the synthesis of stereochemically diverse fused-ring systems containing a pyran moiety. Each scaffold contains an amine and methyl ester for further diversification via amine capping and amide coupling. Scaffold diversity was evaluated in comparison to previously prepared scaffolds by a shape-based principal moments of inertia (PMI) analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivaraman Dandapani
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Jeremy R. Duvall
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Mark E. Fitzgerald
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Maurice D. Lee
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Jean-Charles Marié
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Bhaumik A. Pandya
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Byung-Chul Suh
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Michael Dombrowski
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Diane Hamann
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Berenice Lemercier
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Tiffanie Murillo
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | | - Michael A. Foley
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gerard B, Duvall JR, Lowe JT, Murillo T, Wei J, Akella LB, Marcaurelle LA. Synthesis of a stereochemically diverse library of medium-sized lactams and sultams via S(N)Ar cycloetherification. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:365-74. [PMID: 21526820 DOI: 10.1021/co2000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have implemented an aldol-based "build/couple/pair" (B/C/P) strategy for the synthesis of stereochemically diverse 8-membered lactam and sultam scaffolds via S(N)Ar cycloetherification. Each scaffold contains two handles, an amine and aryl bromide, for solid-phase diversification via N-capping and Pd-mediated cross coupling. A sparse matrix design strategy that achieves the dual objective of controlling physicochemical properties and selecting diverse library members was implemented. The production of two 8000-membered libraries is discussed including a full analysis of library purity and property distribution. Library diversity was evaluated in comparison to the Molecular Library Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) through the use of a multifusion similarity (MFS) map and principal component analysis (PCA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baudouin Gerard
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy R. Duvall
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason T. Lowe
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tiffanie Murillo
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jingqiang Wei
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lakshmi B. Akella
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lisa A. Marcaurelle
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fragment-based domain shuffling approach for the synthesis of pyran-based macrocycles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6751-6. [PMID: 21383141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015255108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexity and the presence of stereogenic centers have been correlated with success as compounds transition from discovery through the clinic. Here we describe the synthesis of a library of pyran-containing macrocycles with a high degree of structural complexity and up to five stereogenic centers. A key feature of the design strategy was to use a modular synthetic route with three fragments that can be readily interchanged or "shuffled" to produce subtly different variants with distinct molecular shapes. A total of 352 macrocycles were synthesized ranging in size from 14- to 16-membered rings. In order to facilitate the generation of stereostructure-activity relationships, the complete matrix of stereoisomers was prepared for each macrocycle. Solid-phase assisted parallel solution-phase techniques were employed to allow for rapid analogue generation. An intramolecular nitrile-activated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction was used for the key macrocyclization step.
Collapse
|
4
|
Marcaurelle LA, Comer E, Dandapani S, Duvall JR, Gerard B, Kesavan S, Lee MD, Liu H, Lowe JT, Marie JC, Mulrooney CA, Pandya BA, Rowley A, Ryba TD, Suh BC, Wei J, Young DW, Akella LB, Ross NT, Zhang YL, Fass DM, Reis SA, Zhao WN, Haggarty SJ, Palmer M, Foley MA. An aldol-based build/couple/pair strategy for the synthesis of medium- and large-sized rings: discovery of macrocyclic histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16962-76. [PMID: 21067169 DOI: 10.1021/ja105119r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An aldol-based build/couple/pair (B/C/P) strategy was applied to generate a collection of stereochemically and skeletally diverse small molecules. In the build phase, a series of asymmetric syn- and anti-aldol reactions were performed to produce four stereoisomers of a Boc-protected γ-amino acid. In addition, both stereoisomers of O-PMB-protected alaninol were generated to provide a chiral amine coupling partner. In the couple step, eight stereoisomeric amides were synthesized by coupling the chiral acid and amine building blocks. The amides were subsequently reduced to generate the corresponding secondary amines. In the pair phase, three different reactions were employed to enable intramolecular ring-forming processes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar), Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition, and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Despite some stereochemical dependencies, the ring-forming reactions were optimized to proceed with good to excellent yields, providing a variety of skeletons ranging in size from 8- to 14-membered rings. Scaffolds resulting from the RCM pairing reaction were diversified on the solid phase to yield a 14 400-membered library of macrolactams. Screening of this library led to the discovery of a novel class of histone deacetylase inhibitors, which display mixed enzyme inhibition, and led to increased levels of acetylation in a primary mouse neuron culture. The development of stereo-structure/activity relationships was made possible by screening all 16 stereoisomers of the macrolactams produced through the aldol-based B/C/P strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Chemical Biology Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung N, Bräse S. Diaryl Ether and Diaryl Thioether Syntheses on Solid Supports via Copper (I)-Mediated Coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 11:47-71. [DOI: 10.1021/cc800032q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jung
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grieco P, Cai M, Liu L, Mayorov A, Chandler K, Trivedi D, Lin G, Campiglia P, Novellino E, Hruby VJ. Design and microwave-assisted synthesis of novel macrocyclic peptides active at melanocortin receptors: discovery of potent and selective hMC5R receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2701-7. [PMID: 18412316 DOI: 10.1021/jm701181n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of the physiological role of the melanocortin receptor 5 MC5R from that of other melanocortin receptors will require development of high affinity and selective antagonists. To date, a few synthetic antagonist ligands active at hMC5 receptor are available, but most do not have appreciable selectivity. With the aim to gain more potent and selective antagonists for the MC5R ligands, we have designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically characterized a series of alkylthioaryl-bridged macrocyclic peptide analogues derived from MT-II and SHU9119. These 20-membered macrocycles were synthesized by a tandem combination using solid phase peptide synthesis and microwave-assisted reactions. Biological assays for binding affinities and adenylate cyclase activities for the hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R showed that three analogues, compounds, 9, 4, and 7, are selective antagonists at the hMC5 receptor. In particular, compound 9(PG-20N) is a selective and competitive hMC5R antagonist, with IC 50 of 130 +/- 11 nM, and a pA 2 value of 8.3, and represents an important tool for further biological investigations of the hMC5R. Compounds 4 and 7 (PG14N, PG17N) show potent and selective allosteric inhibition at hMC5R with IC 50 values of 38 +/- 3 nM and 58 +/- 6 nM, respectively. Compound 9 will be used to further investigate and more clearly understand the physiological roles played by the MC5 receptor in humans and other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grieco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Krow GR, Lin G, Yu F. The Rearrangement Route to 3-Carboxy- and 3-Hydroxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: 3,5-Methanoprolines. J Org Chem 2004; 70:590-5. [PMID: 15651806 DOI: 10.1021/jo0484171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Improved stereocontrolled syntheses of 5-anti-hydroxy-3-exo-methoxycarbonyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been effected from pyridine. The key step in the electrophilic addition-rearrangement of 2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-ene precursors incorporates either a 3-endo-phenyl group, as an acid precursor, or a 3-endo-phenyldimethylsilylmethyl group, as a potential hydroxymethyl and acid precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Krow
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Knepper K, Lormann MEP, Bräse S. Efficient Synthesis of Highly Substituted Diaryl Ethers on Solid Supports Using the Ullmann Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:460-3. [PMID: 15244404 DOI: 10.1021/cc0499688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Knepper
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krow GR, Lin G, Moore KP, Thomas AM, DeBrosse C, Ross CW, Ramjit HG. Novel Selectfluor and Deoxo-Fluor-Mediated Rearrangements. New 5(6)-Methyl and Phenyl Methanopyrrolidine Alcohols and Fluorides. Org Lett 2004; 6:1669-72. [PMID: 15128263 DOI: 10.1021/ol0494818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective syntheses of novel 5,6-difunctionalized-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes containing 5-anti-fluoro or hydroxyl in one methano bridge and a variety of syn- or anti-chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, methyl, or phenyl substituents in the other methano bridge have been effected. Rearrangements of iodides to alcohols were initiated using Selectfluor. Rearrangement of alcohols to fluorides was initiated using Deoxo-Fluor. Ring opening of 2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-ene exo-epoxide with organocopper reagents is regioselective at C(5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Krow
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schmidt DR, Kwon O, Schreiber SL. Macrolactones in Diversity-Oriented Synthesis: Preparation of a Pilot Library and Exploration of Factors Controlling Macrocyclization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:286-92. [PMID: 15002980 DOI: 10.1021/cc020076m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darby R Schmidt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, ICCB, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Krow GR, Lin G, Yu F, Sonnet PE. Second-chance rearrangement route to novel 5(6)-syn,anti-difunctional 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Org Lett 2003; 5:2739-41. [PMID: 12868903 DOI: 10.1021/ol0349662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first syntheses of 5,6-difunctionalized-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes containing syn-hydroxy and syn-fluoro substituents have been effected in a stereocontrolled manner. The key reactions are regioselective additions to the aziridinium ions formed from 6-exo-iodo(bromo)-5-endo-X-2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes (X = F, OH) upon silver or mercury salt enhancement of iodide nucleofugacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Krow
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang L, Burgess K. Fluorinated and iodinated templates for syntheses of β-turn peptidomimetics. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Arasappan A, Chen KX, Njoroge FG, Parekh TN, Girijavallabhan V. Novel dipeptide macrocycles from 4-oxo, -thio, and -amino-substituted proline derivatives. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3923-6. [PMID: 12027716 DOI: 10.1021/jo011160b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptide macrocycles of type A have been constructed in a versatile manner from the corresponding 4-heteroatom-substituted proline derivatives using an intramolecular Mitsunobu strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Arasappan
- Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krow GR, Yuan J, Lin G, Sonnet PE. The rearrangement route to 3-CH(2)X-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Substituent control of neighboring group participation. Org Lett 2002; 4:1259-62. [PMID: 11950337 DOI: 10.1021/ol020007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled synthesis of a functionalized 3-hydroxymethyl-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane synthon for a variety of methano-bridged pyrrolidines has been effected. The key step in an electrophilic addition-rearrangement route uses a 3-nosyloxymethyl group in the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-ene precursor in order to suppress unwanted competitive oxygen neighboring group participation. [reaction: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Krow
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cristau P, Vors JP, Zhu J. A rapid access to biaryl ether containing macrocycles by pairwise use of Ugi 4CR and intramolecular S(N)Ar-based cycloetherification. Org Lett 2001; 3:4079-82. [PMID: 11735589 DOI: 10.1021/ol0168420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] From readily accessible starting materials, macrocycles with an endo aryl-aryl ether bond are synthesized in only two operations by combination of the Ugi four-component reaction and an intramolecular S(N)Ar reaction. The nitro group serves as an activator for the macrocyclization and provides a handle for the introduction of functional group diversity. A Ugi reaction promoted by ammonium chloride in aprotic solvent is documented for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cristau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Aventis CropScience, 14-20 Rue Pierre Baizet, 69009 Lyon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kohn WD, Zhang L, Weigel JA. Single-Step Formation of Structurally Defined Bicyclic Peptides via SNAr Cyclization. Org Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ol0070536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne D. Kohn
- Eli Lilly & Company, Sphinx Laboratories, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lianshan Zhang
- Eli Lilly & Company, Sphinx Laboratories, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - John A. Weigel
- Eli Lilly & Company, Sphinx Laboratories, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 1999. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:383-433. [PMID: 11029163 DOI: 10.1021/cc000055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmacopeia, Inc., P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5350, USA.
| |
Collapse
|