1
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Deshmukh PU, Lad SB, Sudarsan A, Sudhakar S, Aggarwal T, Mandal S, Bagale SS, Kondabagil K, Pradeepkumar PI. Human Translesion Synthesis Polymerases polκ and polη Perform Error-Free Replication across N2-dG Methyleugenol and Estragole DNA Adducts. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2391-2406. [PMID: 37486230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites of polypropanoids, methyleugenol (MEG), and estragole (EG), found in many herbs and spices, are commonly used as food flavoring agents and as ingredients in cosmetics. MEG and EG have been reported to cause hepatocarcinogenicity in rodents, human livers, and lung cells. The formation of N2-dG and N6-dA DNA adducts is primarily attributed to the carcinogenicity of these compounds. Therefore, these compounds have been classified as "possible human carcinogens" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" by the National Toxicology Program. Herein, we report the synthesis of the N2-MEG-dG and N2-EG-dG modified oligonucleotides to study the mutagenicity of these DNA adducts. Our studies show that N2-MEG-dG and N2-EG-dG could be bypassed by human translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases hpolκ and hpolη in an error-free manner. The steady-state kinetics of dCTP incorporation by hpolκ across N2-MEG-dG and N2-EG-dG adducts show that the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) were ∼2.5- and ∼4.4-fold higher, respectively, compared to the unmodified dG template. A full-length primer extension assay demonstrates that hpolκ exhibits better catalytic efficiency than hpolη. Molecular modeling and dynamics studies capturing pre-insertion, insertion, and post-insertion steps reveal the structural features associated with the efficient bypass of the N2-MEG-dG adduct by hpolκ and indicate the reorientation of the adduct in the active site allowing the successful insertion of the incoming nucleotide. Together, these results suggest that though hpolκ and hpolη perform error-free TLS across MEG and EG during DNA replication, the observed carcinogenicity of these adducts could be attributed to the involvement of other low fidelity polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka U Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shailesh B Lad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Akhil Sudarsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sruthi Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Tanvi Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - P I Pradeepkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Ghodke PP, Pradeepkumar PI. Site‐Specific
N
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‐dG DNA Adducts: Formation, Synthesis, and TLS Polymerase‐Mediated Bypass. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P. Ghodke
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 638B Robinson Research Building 2200 Pierce Avenue 37323‐0146 Nashville Tennessee United States
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai Powai India
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3
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Ghodke PP, Bommisetti P, Nair DT, Pradeepkumar PI. Synthesis of N 2-Deoxyguanosine Modified DNAs and the Studies on Their Translesion Synthesis by the E. coli DNA Polymerase IV. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1734-1747. [PMID: 30628447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of N2-aryl (benzyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and pyrenyl)-deoxyguanosine (dG) modified phosphoramidite building blocks and the corresponding damaged DNAs. Primer extension studies using E. coli Pol IV, a translesion polymerase, demonstrate that translesion synthesis (TLS) across these N2-dG adducts is error free. However, the efficiency of TLS activity decreases with increase in the steric bulkiness of the adducts. Molecular dynamics simulations of damaged DNA-Pol IV complexes reveal the van der Waals interactions between key amino acid residues (Phe13, Ile31, Gly32, Gly33, Ser42, Pro73, Gly74, Phe76, and Tyr79) of the enzyme and adduct that help to accommodate the bulky damages in a hydrophobic pocket to facilitate TLS. Overall, the results presented here provide insights into the TLS across N2-aryl-dG damaged DNAs by Pol IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P Ghodke
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Praneeth Bommisetti
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Deepak T Nair
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology , NCR Biotech Science Cluster , third Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway , Faridabad 121001 , India
| | - P I Pradeepkumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
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4
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Zhang H, Bren U, Kozekov ID, Rizzo CJ, Stec DF, Guengerich FP. Steric and electrostatic effects at the C2 atom substituent influence replication and miscoding of the DNA deamination product deoxyxanthosine and analogs by DNA polymerases. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:251-69. [PMID: 19607842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyinosine (dI) and deoxyxanthosine (dX) are both formed in DNA at appreciable levels in vivo by deamination of deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyguanosine (dG), respectively, and can miscode. Structure-activity relationships for dA pairing have been examined extensively using analogs but relatively few studies have probed the roles of the individual hydrogen-bonding atoms of dG in DNA replication. The replicative bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase/exonuclease and the translesion DNA polymerase Sulfolobus solfataricus pol IV were used as models to discern the mechanisms of miscoding by DNA polymerases. Removal of the 2-amino group from the template dG (i.e., dI) had little impact on the catalytic efficiency of either polymerase, as judged by either steady-state or pre-steady-state kinetic analysis, although the misincorporation frequency was increased by an order of magnitude. dX was highly miscoding with both polymerases, and incorporation of several bases was observed. The addition of an electronegative fluorine atom at the 2-position of dI lowered the oligonucleotide T(m) and strongly inhibited incorporation of dCTP. The addition of bromine or oxygen (dX) at C2 lowered the T(m) further, strongly inhibited both polymerases, and increased the frequency of misincorporation. Linear activity models show the effects of oxygen (dX) and the halogens at C2 on both DNA polymerases as mainly due to a combination of both steric and electrostatic factors, producing a clash with the paired cytosine O2 atom, as opposed to either bulk or perturbation of purine ring electron density alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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5
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Ran C, Dai Q, Ruan Q, Penning TM, Blair IA, Harvey RG. Strategies for Synthesis of Adducts of o-Quinone Metabolites of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with 2‘-Deoxyribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:992-1003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701667u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhao Ran
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Qing Dai
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Qian Ruan
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ian A. Blair
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ronald G. Harvey
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and The Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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6
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Takamura-Enya T, Enomoto S, Wakabayashi K. Palladium-catalyzed direct N-arylation of nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides for efficient preparation of dG-N2 adducts with carcinogenic amino-/nitroarenes. J Org Chem 2007; 71:5599-606. [PMID: 16839139 DOI: 10.1021/jo0605243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for direct palladium-catalyzed N-arylation reaction of nucleobases was developed for the convenient synthesis of DNA adducts with carcinogenic compounds. Using xantphos as the phosphine ligand and tetraethylammonium fluoride as the base in DMSO, several o-iodonitroarenes could be efficiently coupled with 2'-deoxyguanosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, and 2'-deoxycytidine. The presence of a 3'-phosphate group in the deoxyribose moiety was found to be compatible with this N-arylation reaction; further, oligonucleotides could serve as substrates. The facile nitroreduction of the coupling compounds (12) yielded 2'-deoxyguanosin-N2-ylarylamine adducts, which are known to be biologically important. Compound 12 was easily converted to phosphoramidite derivatives, allowing the preparation of site-specific modified oligonucleotides with arylamine after the nitroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeji Takamura-Enya
- Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Centre Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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7
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Ngassa FN, Dekorver KA, Melistas TS, Yeh EAH, Lakshman MK. Pd−Xantphos-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Nucleosides. Org Lett 2006; 8:4613-6. [PMID: 16986963 DOI: 10.1021/ol0619516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct arylation of the exocyclic amino groups of nucleosides represents a simple approach to N-aryl nucleoside derivatives. To date, one limitation has been that only electron-deficient aryl bromides and triflates possessed adequate reactivity for efficient, direct N-arylation of nucleosides. We demonstrate herein that Pd-Xantphos catalytic systems lead to successful N-arylation of suitably protected 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine with a wide range of aryl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix N Ngassa
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, USA.
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8
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Abstract
[structure: see text] After bioactivation, the potent dietary mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) reacts with DNA to give two regioisomeric adducts of deoxyguanosine. The synthesis of the minor N2-adduct has been achieved utilizing the Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed N-arylation reaction as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Stover
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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9
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Elmquist CE, Stover JS, Wang Z, Rizzo CJ. Site-specific synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing C8-deoxyguanosine adducts of the dietary mutagen IQ. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:11189-201. [PMID: 15355100 DOI: 10.1021/ja0487022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the C8-deoxyguanosine adduct of the highly mutagenic heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) has been achieved, and the oligonucleotides were characterized by UV melting temperature analysis, circular dichroism, and UV absorption spectroscopy. Examination of these data indicated that the IQ-adduct is accommodated in dramatically different environments. This sequence-dependent conformational preference is likely to play a key role in the mutagenicity and repair of IQ-modified oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eric Elmquist
- Department of Chemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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10
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Gunda P, Russon LM, Lakshman MK. Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Nucleoside Arylsulfonates to yieldN6-Aryl-2,6-Diaminopurine Nucleosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:6372-7. [PMID: 15558680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Gunda
- Department of Chemistry, The City College and The City University of New York, 138th Street at Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
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11
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Gunda P, Russon LM, Lakshman MK. Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Nucleoside Arylsulfonates to yieldN6-Aryl-2,6-Diaminopurine Nucleosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Terrazas M, Ariza X, Farràs J, Guisado-Yang JM, Vilarrasa J. A direct, efficient method for the preparation of n6-protected 15n-labeled adenosines. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5473-5. [PMID: 15287800 DOI: 10.1021/jo049490u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
N6-Protected adenosines have been prepared from inosines by activation of the C6 position and Pd-catalyzed coupling with amides. An efficient route to [6-15NH2]-N6-benzoyladenosine and [1-15N,6-15NH2]-N6-benzoyladenosine has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Terrazas
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Chakraborti D, Colis L, Schneider R, Basu AK. Synthesis of N2 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts formed by 1-nitropyrene. Org Lett 2003; 5:2861-4. [PMID: 12889893 DOI: 10.1021/ol034904b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Synthesis of N(2) 2'-deoxyguanosine adducts formed by the ubiquitous carcinogen, 1-nitropyrene, is reported. Various conditions of Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination are examined. The most convenient synthetic approach involved a straightforward coupling between protected 2'-deoxyguanosine and bromonitropyrenes, which, upon reductive deprotection, provided excellent yield of the two 1-nitropyrene adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Chakraborti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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14
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Lakshman MK, Ngassa FN, Bae S, Buchanan DG, Hahn HG, Mah H. Synthesis of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene adducts at the exocyclic amino groups of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine by a palladium-mediated C-N bond-formation strategy. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6020-30. [PMID: 12868942 DOI: 10.1021/jo030113b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-electron oxidation of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is thought to result in a radical cation intermediate and this species has been proposed to cause alkylation at the nitrogens of the purine nucleobases. Although several different nucleoside adducts have been isolated as arising from this mode of metabolic activation, there are no selective, total syntheses of the stable exocyclic amino group adducts formed by the single-electron oxidation of any hydrocarbon with the purine 2'-deoxynucleosides to date. In this paper we disclose the synthesis of the model adducts N(6)-(1-pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine and N(2)-(1-pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine as well as the first synthesis of the carcinogen-linked nucleoside derivatives N(6)-(6-benzo[a]pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine and N(2)-(6-benzo[a]pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine via a palladium-mediated C-N bond formation. Two different coupling strategies were attempted: coupling of an aryl bromide with a suitably protected nucleoside and the coupling of an arylamine with a suitable halonucleoside. The former had somewhat limited applicability in that only N(6)-(1-pyrenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine was prepared by this method; on the other hand, the latter was more general. However, there are noteworthy differences in the amination reactions at the C-6 and C-2 positions. Reactions at the C-6 resulted in the competing formation of a 1:2 amine-nucleoside adduct in addition to the desired monoaryl nucleoside. Such a dimer formation was not observed at the C-2. The C-2 adducts, however, displayed an interesting conformational behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, City College of CUNY, 138th Street at Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031-9198, USA.
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15
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Enguehard C, Allouchi H, Gueiffier A, Buchwald SL. Easy access to novel substituted 6-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using palladium- and copper-catalyzed aminations. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4367-70. [PMID: 12762738 DOI: 10.1021/jo0341463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Convenient and efficient methods for the preparation of novel 6-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives are reported that utilized palladium- or copper-catalyzed methodology. The crystal structure for 6-N-methylanilinoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 10 is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Enguehard
- EA 3247, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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16
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Lakshman MK, Gunda P. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon epoxide-nucleoside adducts: the first amination of a chloro nucleoside. Org Lett 2003; 5:39-42. [PMID: 12509885 DOI: 10.1021/ol027084w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed coupling of the axially constrained, less reactive benzo[a]pyrene bay-region amino benzoates, derived from the tetrahydro and diol epoxides, with C-6 and C-2 halopurine deoxynucleosides offers an efficient approach to the synthesis of the corresponding nucleoside-epoxide adducts. Also reported are the first examples involving the coupling of a 6-chloropurine deoxynucleoside with these amines, a reaction that is difficult by direct halide displacement. Certain mechanistic aspects of this metal-catalyzed C-N bond formation are also discussed. [reaction--see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, City College of CUNY, 138th Street at Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031-9198, USA.
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17
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Lakshman MK. Palladium-catalyzed C–N and C–C cross-couplings as versatile, new avenues for modifications of purine 2′-deoxynucleosides. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Schoffers E, Olsen PD, Means JC. Synthesis of C8-adenosine adducts of arylamines using palladium catalysis. Org Lett 2001; 3:4221-3. [PMID: 11784182 DOI: 10.1021/ol016900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We employed palladium-catalyzed coupling procedures for the synthesis of new C8-adenosine adducts of various arylamines (aniline, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, and 2-aminofluorene).[reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schoffers
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, 3425 Wood Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5413, USA.
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19
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Desmarets C, Schneider R, Fort Y. Nickel-catalysed sequential amination of aryl- and heteroaryl di- and trichlorides. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Lakshman MK, Hilmer JH, Martin JQ, Keeler JC, Dinh YQ, Ngassa FN, Russon LM. Palladium catalysis for the synthesis of hydrophobic C-6 and C-2 aryl 2'-deoxynucleosides. Comparison of C-C versus C-N bond formation as well as C-6 versus C-2 reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7779-87. [PMID: 11493051 DOI: 10.1021/ja0107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of haloaromatic compounds with arylboronic acids provides a simple entry to biaryl systems. Despite its ease, to date, there are no detailed investigations of this procedure for deoxynucleoside modification. As shown in this study, a wide variety of C-6 arylpurine 2'-deoxyriboside (C-6 aryl 2'-deoxynebularine analogues) and C-2 aryl 2'-deoxyinosine analogues can be conveniently prepared via the Pd-mediated cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with the C-6 halonucleosides, 6-bromo- or 6-chloro-9[2-deoxy-3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl]purine (1 and 2), and the C-2 halonucleoside, 2-bromo-O(6)-benzyl-3',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyinosine (3). Although bromonucleoside 1 proved to be a good substrate for the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings, we have noted that for several C-6 arylations, the chloronucleoside 2 provides superior coupling yields. Also described in this study is a detailed evaluation of catalytic systems that led to optimal product recoveries. Finally, a comparison of the C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions of deoxynucleosides is also reported. On the basis of this comparison, we provide evidence that C-N bond formation at the C-6 position, leading to N-aryl 2'-deoxyadenosine analogues, is more sensitive to the ligand used, whereas C-C bond-forming reactions at the same position are not. In contrast to the ligand dependency exhibited in C-N bond formation at the C-6 position, comparable reactions at the C-2 position of purine deoxynucleosides proceed with less sensitivity to the ligand used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry, City College of CUNY, 138th Street at Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031-9198, USA.
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21
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Abstract
[structure: see text] The C8-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimadazo[4,5-f]-quinoline (IQ) has been synthesized. The key step is a palladium-catalyzed N-arylation of a suitably protected 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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22
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