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Cao H, Li J, Zhang F, Cahard D, Ma J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amino Carboxylic‐Phosphonic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Qiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Fa‐Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA Normandie Université 76821 Mont Saint Aignan France
| | - Jun‐An Ma
- Department of Chemistry Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education) and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 People's Republic of China
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2
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Yokomatsu T. Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:1051-1086. [PMID: 28867694 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphonic and phosphinic acids, especially α-heteroatom-substituted ones, possess unique structural and physical features which enable them to act as hydrotically stable analogs to biological phosphates in biological processes. They also act as mimetics in the transition state of the protease-induced hydrolysis of dipeptides. The first half of this review focuses on selected new synthetic methods developed by our research group for the stereoselective synthesis of α-heteroatom-substituted phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives, including modified nucleotide analogs and phosphinyl dipeptide isosteres. In the latter half, this review summarizes the utility of difluoromethylenephosphonic acids and phosphonic acid esters in the development of enzyme inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatases, sphingomyelinases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases and thrombin. The enzyme inhibitors developed were used as probes to elucidate signal transductions and the mechanisms of enzyme actions. The findings of the studies are briefly described.
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3
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Ebisuno K, Denda M, Ogura K, Inokuma T, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Development of caged non-hydrolyzable phosphoamino acids and application to photo-control of binding affinity of phosphopeptide mimetic to phosphopeptide-recognizing protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2984-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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4
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Feng Z, Xiao YL, Zhang X. Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of bromozinc-difluoromethylphosphonate with iodo/bromo-aryl triazenes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Lin Q, Chu L, Qing FL. Direct Introduction of Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethyl-Group to Heteroarenes with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate via Visible-Light Photocatalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Jiang X, Chu L, Qing FL. Copper-mediated oxidative difluoromethylenation of aryl boronic acids with α-silyldifluoromethylphosphonates: a new method for aryldifluorophosphonates. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Jiang X, Chu L, Qing FL. Copper-mediated oxidative cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with α-silyldifluoromethylphosphonates: an efficient method for α,α-difluoropropargylphosphonates. Org Lett 2012; 14:2870-3. [PMID: 22587619 DOI: 10.1021/ol301113v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A copper-mediated oxidative cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with readily available α-silyldifluoromethylphosphonates under mild conditions has been developed. This method allows for an efficient synthesis of a series of synthetically useful α,α-difluoropropargylphosphonates with excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Feng Z, Chen F, Zhang X. Copper catalyzed cross-coupling of iodobenzoates with bromozinc-difluorophosphonate. Org Lett 2012; 14:1938-41. [PMID: 22432425 DOI: 10.1021/ol3006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of iodobenzoates with bromozinc-difluorophosphonate, generated from diethyl bromodifluoromethylphosphonate and zinc in dioxane, is reported. The notable features of this reaction are its high reaction efficiency, excellent functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity. This protocol provides a useful and facile access to aryldifluorophosphonates of interest in life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Kategaonkar AH, Pokalwar RU, Sadaphal SA, Shinde PV, Shingate BB, Shingare MS. Synthesis and characterization of new O,O-diethyl phosphorothioates derived from substituted tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinolin- 4-ylmethanol derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Kirk KL. Fluorination in Medicinal Chemistry: Methods, Strategies, and Recent Developments. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op700134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 953] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Kirk
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
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11
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Romanenko VD, Kukhar VP. Fluorinated phosphonates: synthesis and biomedical application. Chem Rev 2007; 106:3868-935. [PMID: 16967924 DOI: 10.1021/cr051000q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D Romanenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, Kyiv-94 02660, Ukraine
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12
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Chauhan SS, Varshney A, Verma B, Pennington MW. Efficient synthesis of protected l-phosphonophenylalanine (Ppa) derivatives suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Diastereoselective addition of diethyl difluoromethylphosphonate to enantiopure sulfinimines: synthesis of α,α-difluoro-β-aminophosphonates, phosphonic acids, and phosphonamidic acids. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zagipa B, Hidaka A, Cao Y, Fuchigami T. Electrolytic partial fluorination of organic compounds 84. J Fluor Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Kaboudin B, Farjadian F. Synthesis of phosphorothioates using thiophosphate salts. Beilstein J Org Chem 2006; 2:4. [PMID: 16545109 PMCID: PMC1421414 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of O,O'-dialkyl thiophosphoric acids with alkyl halides, in the presence of a base, provide a direct synthetic route to phosphorothioates via O,O'-dialkyl thiophosphate anion formation. Studies on the reaction of ambident nucleophile ammonium O,O'-diethyl thiophosphate with benzyl halides and tosylate in different solvents show that only S-alkylation is obtained. Reaction of this ambident nucleophile with benzoyl chloride (a hard electrophile), gave the O-acylation product. A simple, efficient, and general method has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorothioates through a one-pot reaction of alkyl halides with the mixture of diethyl phosphite in the presence of triethylamine/sulfur/and acidic alumina under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemsitry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Gava Zang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Department of Chemsitry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Gava Zang, Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran
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16
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Shibuya S. [Synthesis of phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid derivatives for development of biologically active compounds]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 124:725-49. [PMID: 15516802 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.124.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper covers recent publications from our laboratory on the synthesis of a variety of phosphonate and phosphinate derivatives. New methods for the enantioselective synthesis of alpha-hydroxyphosphonates were established by Lewis acid-mediated cleavage of homochiral 1,3-dioxaneacetals with P(OEt)(3) and chiral metal ligand-mediated hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes. Two diastereomers of HPmp derivatives were prepared by an application of these methods. The HPmp derivatives were convered to FPmp derivatives but with low diastereoselectivity. Hydrophosphonylation of alpha-aminoaldehydes afforded threo- and erythro-beta-amino-alpha-hydroxyphosphonates under chelation and nonchelation controlled conditions, respectively. The asymmetric dihydroxylation of alpha, beta-, and beta, gamma-unsaturated phosphonates with AD-mix-alpha and AD-mix-beta reagents gave alpha, beta- and beta, gamma-dihydroxyphosphonates with high enantioselectivity. The method was applied to the kinetic resolution of racemic alpha-oxygetated beta, gamma-unsaturated phosphonates. Treatment of allyloxymethylphosphonates with the base afforded alpha-hydroxyphosphonates via the [2,3]-Wittig reaction. Threo- and erythro-beta-amino-alpha-hydroxyphosphinates were obtained with high diastereoselectivity by phosphinylation of alpha-aminoaldehydes in the presence of (R)- and (S)-ALB, respectively. The phosphinylation of alpha-oxygenated aldehydes afforded the corresponding alpha, beta-dioxygenated phosphinates, but with low diastereoselectivity. Sphingomyelin analogues containing CF(2)PO(OH)(2) were synthesized starting from (S)- and (R)-Garner aldehyde for the purpose of obtaining potent sphyngomyelinase inhibitors. A useful method for the synthesis of alpha, alpha-difluorobenzylphosphonates was established based on the cross coupling reaction of an iodobenzene derivative with ZnCuBr(2)CF(2)PO(OEt)(2). The synthetic utility of ZnCuBr(2)CF(2)PO(OEt)(2) was examined to obtain alpha, alpha-difluoromethylenenphosphonates. The method was applied to a synthesis of PNP-inhibitory active compounds by combination of the purine base and alcohols containing difluoromethylenephosphonate. The methodology for the beta-selective N-glycosylation of 2,3-dideoxy glucoside was established by introducing phosphonothioates at the 3-position of glycosyl doners instead of phosphonate. Synthesis of new acylic nucleotide analogues designed based on the structural modification of ARS2267 is also described. Finally, kiral synthesis of some phosphonates was achieved using lipase through kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroshi Shibuya
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji 192-0392, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
(Purin-6-yl)alanines, a new class of amino acid-nucleobase conjugates, were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of protected iodozincalanines with 6-iodopurines (9-Bn-6-iodopurine and 9-THP-6-iodopurine as well as acyl-protected 6-iodopurine ribonucleoside and 2-deoxyribonucleoside). Free purine base and nucleosides bearing alanine in position 6 were obtained after complete deprotection of the products of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Capek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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18
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Röschenthaler GV, Kukhar V, Barten J, Gvozdovska N, Belik M, Sorochinsky A. Asymmetric synthesis of α,α-difluoro-β-amino phosphonic acids using sulfinimines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Otaka A, Mitsuyama E, Watanabe J, Watanabe H, Fujii N. Synthesis of fluorine-containing bioisosteres corresponding to phosphoamino acids and dipeptide units. Biopolymers 2004; 76:140-9. [PMID: 15054894 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that fluorinated analogues of naturally occurring biological active compounds including amino acids often exhibit unique physiological activity. Among wide varieties of fluorine-containing amino acids, nonhydrolyzable phosphoamino acids possessing a substituent of the difluoromethylene (CF(2)) unit for the phosphoryl ester oxygen are of value in the medicinal and biological fields. We have engaged in the synthesis of these classes of nonhydrolyzable phosphoamino acids corresponding to pTyr 3, pSer 4, and pThr 5 with their incorporation into peptides using newly developed deprotecting procedures. In this article, stereoselective synthesis of the CF(2)-substituted pThr mimetics and development of a two-step deprotecting methodology for the nonhydrolyzable analogues are reviewed. In the course of the above synthetic study, we found that gamma,gamma-difluoro-alpha,beta-enoates were reduced to gamma-fluoro-beta,gamma-enoates by organocopper reagents and then applied to the synthesis of (Z)-fluoroalkene dipeptide isosteres, which have served as potential dipeptide mimetics having structural as well as electrostatic similarity to the parent peptide bonds. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation of the organocopper-mediated reduction led us to development of a SmI(2)-mediated approach toward the synthesis of the fluoroalkene isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Otaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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20
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Lopin C, Gouhier G, Piettre SR. First synthesis of S,S-dialkyl difluorophosphonodithioates and difluorophosphonotrithioates. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Burke TR, Lee K. Phosphotyrosyl mimetics in the development of signal transduction inhibitors. Acc Chem Res 2003; 36:426-33. [PMID: 12809529 DOI: 10.1021/ar020127o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) residues play important roles in cellular signal transduction by facilitating recognition and binding necessary for critical protein-protein interactions, and for this reason pTyr motifs represent attractive starting points in the development of signaling antagonists. Although the pTyr phosphoryl moiety is central in these phenomena, its incorporation into signaling inhibitors is contraindicated due to enzymatic lability and limited bioavailability associated with phosphate esters. To address these limitations, an entire field of study has arisen devoted to the design and utilization of pTyr mimetics. This Account provides a perspective on the roles of pTyr residues in signal transduction and approaches to pTyr mimetic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence R Burke
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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22
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23
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Dumez E, Snaith JS, Jackson RFW, McElroy AB, Overington J, Wythes MJ, Withka JM, McLellan TJ. Synthesis of macrocyclic, potential protease inhibitors using a generic scaffold. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4882-92. [PMID: 12098301 DOI: 10.1021/jo025615o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A generic macrocyclic peptide structure 2 was designed as a potential inhibitor of a range of proteinases, by using as a basis for the design the known structures of a series of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. The macrocyclic nature of the target 2 was chosen so as to reduce the entropic advantage in the hydrolytic enzymatic step, and thereby to inhibit the function of the enzyme. The nature of the linking group was identified as a benzoxazole by molecular modeling, so as to preserve the recognized conformation of the peptide chain. The specificity of the potential inhibitor was tuned by variation of the P(1) group (by incorporating phenylalanine, aspartic acid, or lysine), to allow recognition by different enzyme classes. The targets were prepared from the bis-amino acid derivative 5, itself prepared using the Pd-catalyzed coupling of an organozinc reagent with the iodobenzothiazole 7 and subsequent macrocyclization of the open-chain derivatives 22-24 using HATU. None of the macrocylic compounds 25, 28-30, and 32 inhibited their target enzymes. NMR and MS studies on the interaction of macrocycle 29 and chymotrypsin established that compound 29 was in fact a substrate of the enzyme. This result indicated that while the design had been partially successful in identifying a compound that bound, the reduction in entropic advantage due to its macrocyclic nature was not sufficient to allow 29 to act as an inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dumez
- Exploratory Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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24
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Pfund E, Lequeux T, Masson S, Vazeux M. Synthesis of thiazolines linked to a difluoromethylphosphonate diester via dithioester chemistry. Org Lett 2002; 4:843-6. [PMID: 11869142 DOI: 10.1021/ol025544f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A two-step, high-yielding synthesis of delta(2)-thiazolines containing a difluoromethylphosphonate diester moiety has been devised using a building block approach. Racemic or chiral beta-amino alcohols and diols were coupled with methyl difluoro(diethoxyphosphono)dithioacetate to give predominantly the corresponding beta-hydroxythioamides, which were then cyclized to provide a series of novel substituted delta(2)-thiazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pfund
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique UMR CNRS 6507 ISMRA, UFR Sciences, Université de Caen, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
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25
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Shen K, Keng YF, Wu L, Guo XL, Lawrence DS, Zhang ZY. Acquisition of a specific and potent PTP1B inhibitor from a novel combinatorial library and screening procedure. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:47311-9. [PMID: 11584002 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106568200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) form a large family of enzymes that serve as key regulatory components in signal transduction pathways. Defective or inappropriate regulation of PTPase activity leads to aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, which contributes to the development of many human diseases including cancers and diabetes. For example, recent gene knockout studies in mice identify PTP1B as a promising target for anti-diabetes/obesity drug discovery. Thus, there is intense interest in obtaining specific and potent PTPase inhibitors for biological studies and pharmacological development. However, given the highly conserved nature of the PTPase active site, it is unclear whether selectivity in PTPase inhibition can be achieved. We describe a combinatorial approach that is designed to target both the active site and a unique peripheral site in PTP1B. Compounds that can simultaneously associate with both sites are expected to exhibit enhanced affinity and specificity. We also describe a novel affinity-based high-throughput assay procedure that can be used for PTPase inhibitor screening. The combinatorial library/high-throughput screen protocols furnished a small molecule PTP1B inhibitor that is both potent (K(i) = 2.4 nm) and selective (little or no activity against a panel of phosphatases including Yersinia PTPase, SHP1, SHP2, LAR, HePTP, PTPalpha, CD45, VHR, MKP3, Cdc25A, Stp1, and PP2C). These results demonstrate that it is possible to acquire potent, yet highly selective inhibitors for individual members of the large PTPase family of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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26
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Liu S, Dockendorff C, Taylor SD. Synthesis of protected L-4-[sulfono(difluoromethyl)phenylalanine and its incorporation into a peptide. Org Lett 2001; 3:1571-4. [PMID: 11388869 DOI: 10.1021/ol0158664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A protected form of L-4-[sulfono(difluoromethyl)]phenylalanine (F(2)Smp), a novel non-hydrolyzable phospho- and sulfotyrosine mimetic, was synthesized via electrophilic fluorination of a benzylic sulfonate followed by a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between the fluorinated sulfonate and the zincate of protected iodoalanine. F(2)Smp was incorporated into a peptide using solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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27
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Kaboudin B, Nazari R. A CONVENIENT AND MILD PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF α-KETO PHOSPHONATES OF 1-HYDROXYPHOSPHONATES UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS USING MICROWAVE. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Zhang YL, Yao ZJ, Sarmiento M, Wu L, Burke TR, Zhang ZY. Thermodynamic study of ligand binding to protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B and its substrate-trapping mutants. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:34205-12. [PMID: 10952978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004490200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of several phosphonodifluoromethyl phenylalanine (F(2)Pmp)-containing peptides to protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and its substrate-trapping mutants (C215S and D181A) has been studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. The binding of a high affinity ligand, Ac-Asp-Ala-Asp-Glu-F(2)Pmp-Leu-NH(2), to PTP1B (K(d) = 0.24 microm) is favored by both enthalpic and entropic contributions. Disruption of ionic interactions between the side chain of Arg-47 and the N-terminal acidic residues reduces the binding affinity primarily through the reduction of the TDeltaS term. The role of Arg-47 may be to maximize surface contact between PTP1B and the peptide, which contributes to high affinity binding. The active site Cys-215 --> Ser mutant PTP1B binds ligands with the same affinity as the wild-type enzyme. However, unlike wild-type PTP1B, peptide binding to C215S is predominantly driven by enthalpy change, which likely results from the elimination of the electrostatic repulsion between the thiolate anion and the phosphonate group. The increased enthalpic contribution is offset by reduction in the binding entropy, which may be the result of increased entropy of the unbound protein caused by this mutation. The general acid-deficient mutant D181A binds the peptide 5-fold tighter than the C215S mutant, consistent with the observation that the Asp to Ala mutant is a better "substrate-trapping" reagent than C215S. The increased binding affinity for D181A as compared with the wild-type PTP1B results primarily from an increase in the DeltaH of binding in the mutant, which may be related to decreased electrostatic repulsion between the phosphate moiety and PTP1B. These results have important implications for the design of high affinity PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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29
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Walker CV, Caravatti G, Denholm AA, Egerton J, Faessler A, Furet P, García-Echeverría C, Gay B, Irving E, Jones K, Lambert A, Press NJ, Woods J. Structure-based design and synthesis of phosphinate isosteres of phosphotyrosine for incorporation in Grb2-SH2 domain inhibitors. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2343-6. [PMID: 11055352 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel phosphinates, derived from 4-phosphonomethylphenylalanine, are described as isosteres of phosphotyrosine. Benzyl (or alkyl) phosphinomethylphenylalanine derivatives were prepared by alkylation of an amino acid P-H phosphinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Walker
- Novartis Horsham Research Centre, West Sussex, UK.
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30
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Synthesis of non-peptidyl alpha,alpha-difluoromethylenephosphonic acids on a soluble polymer support. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2000; 2:234-42. [PMID: 10827929 DOI: 10.1021/cc9900596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The polymer-supported syntheses of a series of biaryl derivatives bearing the alpha,alpha-difluoromethylenephosphonic acid group is reported. Non-cross-linked polystyrene (NCPS) was used as the support which enabled the reactions to be carried out under homogeneous conditions and reactions to be followed using conventional (19)F NMR. Synthesis of the biaryl phosphonic acids was initiated by attaching mono-ethyl esters of alpha, alpha-difluorophosphonic acids 11 and 12 to 3% alkylhydroxy-modified NCPS via a phosphate ester linkage. Suzuki reaction conditions were developed which allowed for the formation of a series of polymer-bound biaryl phosphonates at ambient temperature. Removal of phosphonic acids from the support and cleavage of the ethyl protecting group was achieved in a single step using TMSI or TMSBr. Yields of the phosphonic acids ranged from 43 to 89% and, in most cases, were obtained in a purity (96-99%), after cleavage from the support, that was sufficient for biological screening.
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31
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Surface-mediated solid-phase reactions: the preparation of acyl phosphonates by oxidation of 1-hydroxyphosphonates on the solid surface. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Shakespeare WC, Bohacek RS, Narula SS, Azimioara MD, Yuan RW, Dalgarno DC, Madden L, Botfield MC, Holt DA. An efficient synthesis of a 4'-phosphonodifluoromethyl-3'-formyl-phenylalanine containing SRC SH2 ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:3109-12. [PMID: 10560734 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A CuBr-mediated, regioselective cross-coupling between methyl 2,5-diiodobenzoate (4) and [(diethoxyphosphinyl)difluoromethyl]zinc bromide is reported. Palladium-catalyzed incorporation of an amino acid side chain, followed by subsequent modifications resulted in the rapid construction of 2. Compound 2 was designed to engage Cys188 of the Src SH2 domain, however, this was not observed spectroscopically.
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33
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34
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Yao ZJ, King CR, Cao T, Kelley J, Milne GW, Voigt JH, Burke TR. Potent inhibition of Grb2 SH2 domain binding by non-phosphate-containing ligands. J Med Chem 1999; 42:25-35. [PMID: 9888830 DOI: 10.1021/jm980388x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of Grb2 Src homology 2 (SH2) domain binding inhibitors has important implications for treatment of a variety of diseases, including several cancers. In cellular studies, inhibitors of Grb2 SH2 domain binding have to date been large, highly charged peptides which relied on special transport devices for cell membrane penetration. Work presented in the current study examines a variety of pTyr mimetics in the context of a high-affinity Grb2 binding platform. Among the analogues studied are new non-phosphorus-containing pTyr mimetics 23a and 23b which, when incorporated into tripeptide structures 18f and 20f, are able to inhibit Grb2 SH2 domain binding with affinities among the best yet reported for non-phosphorus-containing SH2 domain inhibitors (IC50 values of 6.7 and 1.3 microM, respectively). The present study has also demonstrated the usefulness of the Nalpha-oxalyl group as an auxiliary which enhances the binding potency of both phosphorus- and non-phosphorus-containing pTyr mimetics. When combined with the (phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine (Pmp) residue to give analogues such as L-20d, potent inhibition of Grb2 SH2 domain binding can be achieved both in extracellular assays using isolated Grb2 SH2 domain protein and in intracellular systems measuring the association of endogenous Grb2 with its cognate p185erbB-2 ligand. These latter effects can be achieved at micromolar to submicromolar concentrations without prodrug derivatization. The oxalyl-containing pTyr mimetics presented in this study should be of general usefulness for the development of other Grb2 SH2 domain antagonists, independent of the beta-bend-mimicking platform utilized for their display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Yao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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35
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Chen H, Cong LN, Li Y, Yao ZJ, Wu L, Zhang ZY, Burke TR, Quon MJ. A phosphotyrosyl mimetic peptide reverses impairment of insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 caused by overexpression of PTP1B in rat adipose cells. Biochemistry 1999; 38:384-9. [PMID: 9890920 DOI: 10.1021/bi9816103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological actions of insulin are initiated by activation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) PTP1B and PTPalpha are known to dephosphorylate the insulin receptor and may contribute to insulin resistance in diseases such as diabetes. We previously reported that overexpression of PTP1B in rat adipose cells significantly impairs insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 [Chen, H., et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8026]. In the present study, we treated adipose cells with a PTPase inhibitor containing the phosphotyrosyl mimetic difluorophosphonomethyl phenylalanine (F2Pmp) to determine whether we could improve the insulin resistance caused by overexpression of PTP1B or PTPalpha. Rat adipose cells transfected by electroporation with either PTP1B or PTPalpha were treated without or with the inhibitor, and effects on insulin-stimulated translocation of a cotransfected epitope-tagged GLUT4 were studied. The IC50 of the F2Pmp-containing inhibitor is 180 nM for PTP1B and 10 mM for PTPalpha in vitro. As expected, in the absence of the inhibitor, overexpression of either PTP1B or PTPalpha caused a significant decrease in the amount of GLUT4 at the cell surface both in the absence and in the presence of insulin when compared with control cells transfected with epitope-tagged GLUT4 alone. Interestingly, the insulin resistance caused by overexpression of PTP1B (but not PTPalpha) was reversed by treating the transfected cells with the F2Pmp-containing inhibitor. Furthermore, the inhibitor blocked the insulin-stimulated association of PTP1B with the insulin receptor. We conclude that the F2Pmp-containing compound is a potent and specific inhibitor of overexpressed PTP1B that may be useful for designing rational therapies for treating insulin resistant diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Hypertension-Endocrine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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36
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Liao Y, Shabany H, Spilling CD. The preparation of acyl phosphonates by the heterogeneous oxidation of 1-hydroxy phosphonates. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Eaton SR, Cody WL, Doherty AM, Holland DR, Panek RL, Lu GH, Dahring TK, Rose DR. Design of peptidomimetics that inhibit the association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor and possess cellular activity. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4329-42. [PMID: 9784108 DOI: 10.1021/jm9802766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated tyrosine residues of growth factor receptors that associate with intracellular proteins containing src-homology 2 (SH2) domains are integral components in several signal transduction pathways related to proliferative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. In particular, a phosphorylated pentapeptide [pTyr751-Val-Pro-Met754-Leu (pTyr = phosphotyrosine)] derived from the primary sequence of platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGF-beta) receptor blocks the association of the C-terminal SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) to PDGF-beta receptor with an IC50 of 0.445 +/- 0.047 microM. Further evaluation of the structure-activity relationships for pTyr751-Val-Pro-Met-Leu resulted in the design of smaller peptidomimetics with enhanced affinity including Ac-pTyr-Val-Ala-N(C6H13)2 (IC50 = 0.076 +/- 0.010 microM). In addition, the phosphotyrosine residue was replaced with a difluorophosphonate derivative [4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)phenylalanine (CF2Pmp)] which has been shown to be stable to cellular phosphatases. The extracellular administration of either CF2Pmp-Val-Pro-Met-Leu or Ac-CF2Pmp-Val-Pro-Met-NH2 in a whole cell assay resulted in specific inhibition of the PDGF-stimulated association from the C-terminal SH2 domain of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase to the PDGF-beta receptor in a dose-dependent manner. These compounds were also effective in inhibiting GLUT4 translocation, c-fos expression, and cell membrane ruffling in single-cell microinjection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Eaton
- Departments of Chemistry and Vascular and Cardiac Diseases, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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38
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Jackson RFW, Moore RJ, Dexter CS, Elliott J, Mowbray CE. Concise Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Phenylalanine, Homophenylalanine, and Bishomophenylalanine Derivatives Using Organozinc Chemistry: NMR Studies of Amino Acid-Derived Organozinc Reagents. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981133u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Abstract
A novel pyridone-based tyrosine analog, 6, has been designed to mimic the binding interaction of SH2 domains with phosphotyrosine (pTyr) containing peptides. Synthesis of 6 features a key Pd catalyzed coupling of beta-iodoalanine with phosphonomethyl 4-pyridone triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fu
- Cadus Pharmaceutical Corporation, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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40
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Yao ZJ, Ye B, Wu XW, Wang S, Wu L, Zhang ZY, Burke TR. Structure-based design and synthesis of small molecule protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:1799-810. [PMID: 9839010 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors are attractive as potential signal transduction-directed therapeutics which may be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases. We have previously reported the X-ray structure of 1,1-difluoro-1-(2-naphthalenyl)methyl] phosphonic acid (4) complexed with the human the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and its use in the design of an analogue which binds with higher affinity within the catalytic site (Burke, T. R., Jr. et al. Biochemistry 1996, 35, 15989). In the current study, new naphthyldifluoromethyl phosphonic acids were designed bearing acidic functionality intended to interact with the PTP1B Arg47, which is situated just outside the catalytic pocket. This residue has been shown previously to provide key interactions with acidic residues of phosphotyrosyl-containing peptide substrates. Consistent with trends predicted by molecular dynamics calculations, the new analogues bound with 7- to 14-fold higher affinity than the parent 4, in principal validating the design rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Yao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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41
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Yokomatsu T, Minowa T, Murano T, Shibuya S. Enzymatic desymmetrization of prochiral 2-benzyl-1,3-propanediol derivatives: A practical chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel phosphorylated tyrosine analogues. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Perich
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Free radical chain reactions for the preparation of novel anomeric carbohydrate difluoromethylene -phosphonates and -phosphonothioates. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Nair HK, Burton DJ. Facile Synthesis of Fluorinated Phosphonates via Photochemical and Thermal Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971345t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haridasan K. Nair
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Donald J. Burton
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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45
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Qabar MN, Urban J, Kahn M. A facile solution and solid phase synthesis of phosphotyrosine mimetic l-4-[diethylphosphono(difluoromethyl)]-phenylalanine (F2Pmp(EtO)2) derivatives. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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47
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Facile synthesis of aryl(difluoromethyl)phosphonates through CuBr-mediated cross coupling reactions of [(diethoxyphosphinyl)difluoromethyl]zinc bromide with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Peptidomimetic ligands for src Homology-2 Domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5113(97)80007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Akamatsu M, Roller PP, Chen L, Zhang ZY, Ye B, Burke TR. Potent inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase by phosphotyrosine-mimic containing cyclic peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:157-63. [PMID: 9043667 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to derive potent and bioavailable protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, we have previously reported hexameric peptides based on the epidermal growth factor receptor sequence EGFR988-993 (Asp-Ala-Asp-Glu-Xxx-Leu, where Xxx = Tyr), in which the tyrosyl residue has been replaced by the non-hydrolyzable phosphotyrosyl mimics phosphonomethylphenylalanine (Pmp), difluorophosphonomethylphenylalanine (F2Pmp) and O-malonyltyrosine (OMT). Inhibitory potencies (IC50 values) of these peptides against the tyrosine phosphatase PTP IB were 200, 0.2 and 10 microM, respectively. Since cellular penetration of peptides containing highly charged phosphonate residues is compromised, and good bioreversible protection strategies for the F2Pmp residue have not yet been reported, the OMT residue is of particular interest in that it affords potential new prodrug approaches. In the current study we have prepared cyclized versions of the OMT-containing EGFR988-993 peptide in order to increase its proteolytic stability and restrain conformational flexibility. Three different cyclic analogues were synthesized. Two of these were cyclized through the peptide backbone ('head to tail') using in one case a single glycine spacer (heptamer peptide) and in the second instance, two glycines (octamer peptide). In a PTPI-based assay the cyclic heptamer experienced a two-fold loss of potency (Ki = 25.2 +/- 3.9 microM) relative to the linear hexamer parent (Ki = 13 +/- 0.9 microM), while the cyclic octamer demonstrated a live-fold increase in potency (Ki = 2.60 +/- 0.11 microM). The third peptide was cyclized by means of a sulfide bridge between the side chain of a C-terminally added cysteine residue and the beta-carbon of a N-terminal acetyl residue. Although the overall size of this ring was identical to that exhibited by the preceding backbone-cyclized octamer, it displayed a three-fold enhancement in potency (Ki = 0.73 +/- 0.03 microM). The structural basis for the observed results are discussed. Conformation restrictions induced by cyclization could aid in defining geometries for peptidomimetic design. Finally, it can be speculated that cyclization of other liner PTP-inhibitory peptides, such as the F2Pmp-containing hexamer, may also increase their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akamatsu
- Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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50
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Burke TR, Ye B, Yan X, Wang S, Jia Z, Chen L, Zhang ZY, Barford D. Small molecule interactions with protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and their use in inhibitor design. Biochemistry 1996; 35:15989-96. [PMID: 8973169 DOI: 10.1021/bi961256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a small peptide bearing the hydrolytically stable phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) mimetic, (difluorophosphonomethyl) phenylalanine (F2Pmp), is an extremely potent inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 value of 100 nM [Burke, T. R., Kole, H. K., & Roller, P. P. (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 204, 129-134]. We further demonstrated that removal of the peptide portion and incorporation of the difluorophosphonomethyl moiety onto a naphthalene ring system, but not a phenyl ring system, resulted in good inhibitory potency [Kole, H. K., Smyth, M. S., Russ, P. L., & Burke, T. R., Jr. (1995) Biochem, J. 311, 1025-1031]. In order to understand the structural basis for this inhibition, and to aid in the design of further analogs, we solved the X-ray structure of [1, 1-difluoro-1-(2-naphthalenyl)-methyl]phosphonic acid (6) complexed within the catalytic site of PTP1B, solved to 2.3 A resolution. In addition to showing the manner in which the phosphonate group is held within the catalytic site, the X-ray structure also revealed extensive hydrophobic interactions with the naphthalene ring system, beyond that possible with an analog bearing a single phenyl ring. It is further evident that, of the two fluorine atoms, the pro-R alpha-fluorine interacts with the enzyme to a significantly greater degree than the pro-S alpha-fluorine, forming a hydrogen bond to Phe 182. On the basis of a computer-assisted molecular modeling analysis, it was determined that addition of a hydroxyl to the naphthyl 4-position, giving [1, 1-difluoro-1-[2-(4-hydroxynaphthalenyl)] methyl]phosphonic acid (8), could potentially replace a water molecule situated in the PTP1B-6 complex, thereby allowing new hydrogen-bonding interactions with Lys 120 and Tyr 46. Compound 8 was therefore prepared and found to exhibit a doubling of affinity (Ki = 94 microM) relative to parent unsubstituted 6 (Ki = 179 microM), supporting, in principle, the development of high-affinity ligands based on molecular modeling analysis of the enzyme-bound parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Burke
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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