1
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Mansell JI, Yu S, Li M, Pye E, Yin C, Beltran F, Rossi-Ashton JA, Romano C, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Alkyl Cyclopropyl Ketones in Catalytic Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions: The Role of SmI 2 Catalyst Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12799-12807. [PMID: 38662638 PMCID: PMC11082888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl cyclopropyl ketones are introduced as versatile substrates for catalytic formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes and previously unexplored enyne partners, efficiently delivering complex, sp3-rich products. The key to effectively engaging this relatively unreactive new substrate class is the use of SmI2 as a catalyst in combination with substoichiometric amounts of Sm0; the latter likely acting to prevent catalyst deactivation by returning SmIII to the catalytic cycle. In the absence of Sm0, background degradation of the SmI2 catalyst can outrun product formation. For the most recalcitrant alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, catalysis is "switched-on" using these new robust conditions, and otherwise unattainable products are delivered. Combined experimental and computational studies have been used to identify and probe reactivity trends among alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, including more complex bicyclic alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, which react quickly with various partners to give complex products. In addition to establishing alkyl cyclopropyl ketones as a new substrate class in a burgeoning field of catalysis, our study provides vital mechanistic insight and robust, practical approaches for the nascent field of catalysis with SmI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack I. Mansell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Song Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muze Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Chaofan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - James A. Rossi-Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ciro Romano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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Zhang G, Chen L, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Bi J, Li M, Zhang X. Organocatalytic Cloke-Wilson Rearrangement: Carbocation-Initiated Tandem Ring Opening/Cyclization of Cyclopropanes under Neutral Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1003-1017. [PMID: 36626186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a metal-, acid-, and base-free 2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene (2-BMN)-promoted organocatalytic Cloke-Wilson rearrangement of chain doubly activated cyclopropanes for the construction of 2,3-dihydrofurans via a carbocation-initiated tandem intramolecular ring-opening/recyclization process. The strategy is especially suitable for the construction of furan units in complex molecules, providing a solution to the problem of heavy-metal residues in dihydrofuran-containing drugs synthesized by traditional metal-based protocols. Thus, it is of potential interest in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhaokang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jingjing Bi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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3
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Etling C, Tedesco G, Kalesse M. A Nazarov-Ene Tandem Reaction for the Stereoselective Construction of Spiro Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:9257-9262. [PMID: 33899295 PMCID: PMC8361765 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The different reactivity of trienones under Lewis and Brønsted acids catalysis was investigated, resulting in distinct cyclization products and carbon backbones that originated either from a conjugate Prins cyclization or an interrupted Nazarov cyclization. In particular, an unprecedented Nazarov cyclization tandem reaction is presented, terminating the oxyallyl cation by an ene‐type reaction, and leading stereoselectively to bicyclic spiro compounds. The terminal olefin of this motif represents a useful handle for further functionalization, making it a strategic intermediate in total syntheses. The tandem Nazarov/ene cyclization was shown to be preferred over a Nazarov/[3+2] tandem reaction for all our substrates, independent of chain length. Deuteration studies further support the mechanistic hypothesis of the terminating ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Etling
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Giada Tedesco
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Carrër A, Turban S, Provost N, Caliez A, Lamarche G, Zanirato G, Beucher M, Pean C, Mirguet O, Perron-Sierra F, Michelet V. Juniperanol: First total synthesis and evaluation in Type 2 Diabetes disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103243. [PMID: 31518756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of juniperanol, the tricyclic sesquiterpenoid enantiomer of α-cedrol is described. The synthesis relies on stereoselective gold-catalyzed Ohloff-type propargylic ester rearrangement performed on a 10 g scale, and a carbocationic cascade in the presence of acetyl methanesulfonate. The ability of juniperanol to interfere in glucose processes in different cell types is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrër
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Turban
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - N Provost
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - A Caliez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - G Lamarche
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - G Zanirato
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - M Beucher
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - C Pean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - O Mirguet
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - F Perron-Sierra
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - V Michelet
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France; University Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Parc Valrose, Faculté des Sciences, 06100 Nice, France
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5
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Mouriès-Mansuy V, Fensterbank L. Gold-Catalyzed Migration of Propargyl Acetate as an Entry into the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mouriès-Mansuy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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6
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Zhu H, Du P, Li J, Liao Z, Liu G, Li H, Wang W. Synergistic chiral iminium and palladium catalysis: Highly regio- and enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation reaction of 2-vinylcyclopropanes with enals. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1340-7. [PMID: 27559383 PMCID: PMC4979765 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A cooperative catalytic strategy of chiral iminium catalysis by regioselective activation of the C=C bond in enals and a transition metal promoting to open the 2-vinylcyclopropanes for highly regio- and enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 2-vinylcyclopropanes with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Peile Du
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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7
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Stathakis CI, Gkizis PL, Zografos AL. Metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization as a powerful tool in the synthesis of complex sesquiterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1093-117. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions can be regarded as “artificial sesquiterpenoid cyclase” tools in modern organic synthesis, and their progress is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandros L. Zografos
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Thessaloniki
- Greece
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8
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Abstract
Donor–acceptor cyclopropane annulations – not just for heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huck K. Grover
- The University of Western Ontario
- Department of Chemistry
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Michael R. Emmett
- The University of Western Ontario
- Department of Chemistry
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Michael A. Kerr
- The University of Western Ontario
- Department of Chemistry
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
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9
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Schneider TF, Kaschel J, Werz DB. A New Golden Age for Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5504-23. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Ein neues goldenes Zeitalter in der Chemie Donor-Akzeptor-substituierter Cyclopropane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Cavitt MA, Phun LH, France S. Intramolecular donor–acceptor cyclopropane ring-opening cyclizations. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:804-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Zhu W, Fang J, Liu Y, Ren J, Wang Z. Lewis acid catalyzed formal intramolecular [3+2] cross-cycloaddition of cyclopropane 1,1-diesters with alkenes: general and efficient strategy for construction of bridged [n.2.1] carbocyclic skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2032-7. [PMID: 23307402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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13
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Zhu W, Fang J, Liu Y, Ren J, Wang Z. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal Intramolecular [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition of Cyclopropane 1,1-Diesters with Alkenes: General and Efficient Strategy for Construction of Bridged [n
.2.1] Carbocyclic Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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De Simone F, Saget T, Benfatti F, Almeida S, Waser J. Formal Homo-Nazarov and Other Cyclization Reactions of Activated Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2011; 17:14527-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Catalytic [3+2] Annulation of Aminocyclopropanes for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of Cyclopentylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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de Nanteuil F, Waser J. Catalytic [3+2] Annulation of Aminocyclopropanes for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of Cyclopentylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12075-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Fürstner A, Schlecker A. A Gold-Catalyzed Entry into the Sesquisabinene and Sesquithujene Families of Terpenoids and Formal Total Syntheses of Cedrene and Cedrol. Chemistry 2008; 14:9181-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Zhou YF, Huang NZ. An Alternative Method for the Preparation of 3-Alkylated-2-Cycloalken-1-Ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918208061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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20
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Özdemirhan FD, Çelik M, Atlı S, Tanyeli C. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2-oxobicyclo[m.1.0]alkan-3-yl acetate derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Venkatesh C, Ila H, Junjappa H, Mathur S, Huch V. Domino carbocationic rearrangement of aryl-2-(1-N-methyl/benzyl-3-indolyl)cyclopropyl ketones: a serendipitous route to 1H-cyclopenta[c]carbazole framework. J Org Chem 2002; 67:9477-80. [PMID: 12492360 DOI: 10.1021/jo025827l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-2-(N-methyl/benzyl-3-indolyl)cyclopropyl ketones 2a-m are shown to undergo a novel unexpected domino carbocationic rearrangement in the presence of SnCl(4)/CH(3)NO(2) yielding 2-aroyl-3-aryl-1H-cyclopenta[c]carbazoles 3a-m in good yields. The possible mechanistic pathway for this interesting transformation involves a series of cascade events, (a) electrophilic ring opening of cyclopropyl ketone, (b) intermolecular enol capture of the resulting zwitterionic intermediate, (c) electrophilic dimerization of indole moieties to give tetrahydrocarbazole intermediate and its subsequent aromatization by elimination of an indole moiety and dehydrogenation, and (d) intramolecular aldol condensation of the side chain to give a cyclopentene ring. The overall transformation involves formation of three carbon-carbon bonds along with a fused benzene and a substituted cyclopentene ring in one-pot operation from simple indole precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
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22
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Nandi S, Kumar UKS, Ila H, Junjappa H. Domino carbocationic cyclization of functionalized cyclopropyl ketones: facile one-pot access to peri- and angularly fused polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic frameworks. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4916-23. [PMID: 12098306 DOI: 10.1021/jo020230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugate adducts obtained by base-induced 1,4-addition-elimination of various aryl/heteroaryl acetonitriles with 1-(2-arylcyclopropyl)-3,3-(bismethylthio)-2-propen-1-ones have been shown to undergo facile acid-induced domino carbocationic rearrangement yielding a variety of substituted tricyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic frameworks in high yields in a one-pot operation. The methodology provides efficient, high-yield routes for synthesis of novel substituted dihydrophenalenes, dihydrobenzo[d,e]anthracene, cyclopenta[a]naphthalene, and fused heteroaromatics such as substituted 4,5-dihydrobenzo[c,d]indole, dihydronaphtho[1,8-b,c]thiophene, dihydroindeno[5,4-b]- and -[4,5-b]-thiophenes, cyclopenta[a]carbazole, and dihydrocyclopenta[e]indazol-3-one derivatives. The probable mechanism of this interesting domino process appears to involve stepwise or concomitant acid-induced ring opening and intramolecular cyclocondensation of cyclopropyl ketones to give benzo-fused arene (or heteroarene) intermediates bearing a reactive benzylic carbocation that is captured intramolecularly either by a preexisting aromatic (or heteroaromatic) ring or by a newly formed benzene ring to give either peri-fused or angularly fused products, respectively. Thus, the overall domino process entails formation of two C-C bonds, a substituted benzene ring along with a peri-fused cyclohexane or angularly fused cyclopentane ring in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208 106, U.P. India
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23
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Filippini MH, Rodriguez J. Synthesis of Functionalized Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and Their Multiple Uses in Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 1999; 99:27-76. [PMID: 11848980 DOI: 10.1021/cr970029u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Filippini
- Laboratoire RéSo, Réactivité en Synthèse Organique Associé au CNRS, UMR 6516, Université d'Aix-Marseille III, Faculté des Sciences de St-Jérôme, D12, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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24
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25
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Lewis acid induced tandem carbocationic ring opening and cyclizations of α-[bis(methylthio)methylene]ethyl-2-styrylcyclopropyl ketones and carbinols: Novel approach to bicyclo[3.3.0]octene and cyclopent[a]indene frameworks. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Complementary regioselective cyclopropyl ring openings of 6-formyl-spirobicyclo[5.2]octane mediated by TMSCl and TBAI. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)01019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Chemical Constituents of the Bryophytes. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6896-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Monti H, Afshari M, Léandri G. Etude de la réactivité de l'allyltriméthylsilane avec les cétones α-cyclopropaniques en présence de tétrachlorure de titane. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)05029-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Patra PK, Patro B, Ila H, Junjappa H. Tandem carbocationic cyclization of bis(methylthio)methylene arylcyclopropyl ketones : A promising sequence for assembling functionalized cyclopent[a]indene framework. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen YJ, Lin WY. A facile synthesis of a Δ2-cedrene skeleton via tandem radical cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)91723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Deb B, Asokan C, Ila H, Junjappa H. Acid catalyzed ring opening of α-bis(methylthio)methylenealkyl cyclopropyl ketones: An intramolecular alkylation approach to substituted cyclopentanones. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)87848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mash EA, Nelson KA. Homochiral ketals in organic synthesis. Diastereoselective cyclopropanation of α,β-unsaturated ketals derived from 1,4-D1-O-benzyl-l-threitol. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The planning of alternative routes for the synthesis of complex organic molecules has been facilitated by the formulation of guiding strategies that can be applied to a broad range of problems. Analysis of organic synthesis can be carried out in the retrosynthetic direction, opposite to the actual process of chemical synthesis, or bidirectionally, that is, as a combined retrosynthetic and synthetic search. An interactive computer program is described which utilizes the general strategies of retrosynthetic analysis and an appropriate database to generate pathways of chemical intermediates for chemical synthesis of a particular target structure. Computer graphics and standard chemical structures are used for man-machine communication.
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A new synthesis of (±)-cedrene using sequential inter- and intra-molecular michael reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)81861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Demuth M, Mikhail G. Electrophile-initiated selective ring transformations of cyclopropyl ketones. Tetrahedron 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yates P, Stevens K. Bicyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes. the synthesis of cedranoid sesquiterpenes via the photo-rearrangement of bicyclo[2.2.2]octenones. Tetrahedron 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(81)80006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Caine D, Graham SL. The acid-catalyzed rearrangement of a cyclopropyl ketone related to 10-epieudesmane. Tetrahedron Lett 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Coates RM. Biogenetic-type rearrangements of terpenes. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1976; 33:73-230. [PMID: 791779 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-3262-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zalkow L, Glower M. The absolute configuration of a vetiver acoradiene. The conversion of carotol to acoradienes. Tetrahedron Lett 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)71781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grieco PA, Finkelhor RS. Studies on the acid-catalyzed opening of non-rigid: acylcyclopropanes: a dramatic solvent effect. A route to the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system. Tetrahedron Lett 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)82262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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