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Hashemi MM, Khalili B, Eftekhari-sis B. Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalysed by Manganeses Chloride Supported on Montmorillonite K10. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/030823405774663354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganeses(II) chloride supported on montmorillonite K10 was found to be an efficient catalysts for the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Eftekhari-sis
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran
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Gao M, Ye R, Shen W, Xu B. Copper nitrate: a privileged reagent for organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:2602-2618. [PMID: 29565088 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper has been explored as an ideal candidate for replacing noble metals in organic synthesis, especially for practical large scale preparation. Recent decades have witnessed the renaissance and improvement of copper-catalyzed and copper-mediated organic reactions. Copper nitrate is a common inorganic copper salt which has been proved to be a ubiquitous reactant in organic synthesis due to its commercial availability, stability, inexpensiveness and environmentally benign nature. Copper nitrate could be used as a nitration reagent, oxidant, catalyst or promoter, and Lewis acid as well. Remarkably, great attention has been devoted to the efficient transformation of copper nitrate into functionalized or complicated compounds through various reaction types including cyclization, C-H activation, difunctionalization, nitration, rearrangement and asymmetric synthesis with chiral ligands. Further modification of copper nitrate, such as solid-supported copper nitrate or copper nitrate complexes, extends its applications in organic synthesis. The present review highlights recent advances of copper nitrate in organic synthesis, along with the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Rongxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Weijia Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qianweichang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Sterckx H, De Houwer J, Mensch C, Caretti I, Tehrani KA, Herrebout WA, Van Doorslaer S, Maes BUW. Mechanism of the Cu II-catalyzed benzylic oxygenation of (aryl)(heteroaryl)methanes with oxygen. Chem Sci 2016; 7:346-357. [PMID: 29861987 PMCID: PMC5952523 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the copper-catalyzed oxidation of the methylene group of aryl(di)azinylmethanes was performed. Initial reaction rates were measured making use of in situ IR reaction monitoring and a kinetic analysis of the reaction was executed. The reaction proved to be first order in oxygen concentration. For substrate and acid concentration, saturation kinetics due to O2 mass transfer limitation were observed. The occurrence of mass transfer limitation was further confirmed by examining the effect of the stirring rate on the initial reaction rate. Interestingly, the effect of the concentration of the catalyst on the rate shows that higher loadings result in a maximal initial rate, followed initially by a steady decrease and subsequently a rate plateau when the concentration is increased further. Mass transfer limitation and increased concentration of dinuclear catalytically active species rationalizes this hitherto unprecedented rate behavior. Continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance methods were used to characterize the catalytic species present in the solution during the reaction and confirmed the presence of both mono- and dinuclear copper species. Analysis of a diverse substrate scope points towards imine-enamine tautomerization as a crucial process in the oxidation reaction. DFT calculations of these equilibrium constants (pKeq) provided us with a qualitative tool to predict whether or not a substrate is viable for oxidation under the reaction conditions developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Sterckx
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Johan De Houwer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Carl Mensch
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Ignacio Caretti
- Department of Physics , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | | | - Wouter A Herrebout
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
| | - Sabine Van Doorslaer
- Department of Physics , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , B-2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium .
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Suzuki K, Watanabe T, Murahashi SI. Oxidation of primary amines to oximes with molecular oxygen using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and WO3/Al2O3 as catalysts. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2301-10. [PMID: 23437775 DOI: 10.1021/jo302262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative transformation of primary amines to their corresponding oximes proceeds with high efficiency under molecular oxygen diluted with molecular nitrogen (O2/N2 = 7/93 v/v, 5 MPa) in the presence of the catalysts 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and tungusten oxide/alumina (WO3/Al2O3). The method is environmentally benign, because the reaction requires only molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and gives water as a side product. Various alicyclic amines and aliphatic amines can be converted to their corresponding oximes in excellent yields. It is noteworthy that the oxidative transformation of primary amines proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of other functional groups. The key step of the present oxidation is a fast electron transfer from the primary amine to DPPH followed by proton transfer to give the α-aminoalkyl radical intermediate, which undergoes reaction with molecular oxygen and hydrogen abstraction to give α-aminoalkyl hydroperoxide. Subsequent reaction of the peroxide with WO3/Al2O3 gives oximes. The aerobic oxidation of secondary amines gives the corresponding nitrones. Aerobic oxidative transformation of cyclohexylamines to cyclohexanone oximes is important as a method for industrial production of ε-caprolactam, a raw material for Nylon 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Suzuki
- R&D Planning and Business Development, Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, 1-105 Kanda Jinbocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0051, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T. Schümperli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str.
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ceri Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str.
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str.
10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Characterization of Cu(II)-ACC complexes and conversion of the bound ACC into ethylene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. detection of a brown intermediate at low temperature. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2011:43424. [PMID: 18274607 PMCID: PMC2216062 DOI: 10.1155/2007/43424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two copper(II)-ACC complexes were prepared and characterized: [Cu(bpy)(ACC)(H2O)]⋅CO4 (1) and [Cu(ACC)2]3⋅4H2O (2). Their crystallographic structures are described and analyzed. Spectroscopic characterizations (UV-visible and EPR) confirm that the structure is maintained in solution. These complexes are able to produce ethylene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
in an “ACC Oxidase-like” reaction in water and in methanol. The conversion of ACC into ethylene depends on the amount of base, and, in methanol, 3 equivalents of NaOH are needed for optimum activity. The base is proposed to play a role in H2O2 deprotonation. The presence of an exogenic ligand (bpy) is important for the reactivity and may stabilize a reaction intermediate. Indeed, a brown intermediate with an absorption band centered at 433 nm can be detected at low temperature when 1 is treated with 10 equivalents
of H2O2.
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Kunishita A, Scanlon JD, Ishimaru H, Honda K, Ogura T, Suzuki M, Cramer CJ, Itoh S. Reactions of copper(II)-H2O2 adducts supported by tridentate bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligands: sensitivity to solvent and variations in ligand substitution. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8222-32. [PMID: 18698765 DOI: 10.1021/ic800845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The copper(II) complexes 1(H) and 1(Ar(X)), supported by the N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)benzylamine tridentate ligand (L(H)) or its derivatives having m-substituted phenyl group at the 6-position of pyridine donor groups (L(Ar(X))), have been prepared, and their reactivity toward H2O2 has been examined in detail at low temperature. Both copper(II) complexes exhibited a novel reactivity in acetone, giving 2-hydroxy-2-hydroperoxypropane (HHPP) adducts 2(H) and 2(Ar(X)), respectively. From 2(Ar(X)), an efficient aromatic ligand hydroxylation took place to give phenolate-copper(II) complexes 4(Ar(X)). Detailed spectroscopic and kinetic analyses have revealed that the reaction proceeds via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism involving copper(II)-carbocation intermediates 3(Ar(X)). Theoretical studies at the density functional theory (DFT) level have strongly implicated conjugate acid/base catalysis in the O-O bond cleavage and C-O bond formation steps that take the peroxo intermediate 2(Ar(X)) to the carbocation intermediate 3(Ar(X)). In contrast to the 2(Ar(X)) cases, the HHPP-adduct 2(H) reacted to give a copper(II)-acetate complex [Cu(II)(L(H))(OAc)](ClO4) (6(H)), in which one of the oxygen atoms of the acetate co-ligand originated from H2O2. In this case, a mechanism involving a Baeyer-Villiger type 1,2-methyl shift from the HHPP-adduct and subsequent ester hydrolysis has been proposed on the basis of DFT calculations; conjugate acid/base catalysis is implicated in the 1,2-methyl shift process as well. In propionitrile, both 1(H) and 1(Ar(X)) afforded simple copper(II)-hydroperoxo complexes LCu(II)-OOH in the reaction with H2O2, demonstrating the significant solvent effect on the reaction between copper(II) complexes and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kunishita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Ghattas W, Gaudin C, Giorgi M, Rockenbauer A, Simaan AJ, Réglier M. ACC-Oxidase like activity of a copper (ii)–ACC complex in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Detection of a reaction intermediate at low temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1027-9. [PMID: 16491198 DOI: 10.1039/b515374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(II)-ACC complex [(Bpy)Cu(ACC)(H2O)]ClO4 (1) was prepared and its treatment with hydrogen peroxide gave rise to ethylene production in an ACC-Oxidase like activity. A brown species that could be a key intermediate in the reaction was detected at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadih Ghattas
- Laboratoire de Bioinorganique Structurale, UMR CNRS 6517, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III, Service 432 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
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Cepanec I, Mikuldaš H, Vinković V. AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF JACOBSEN'S CATALYST. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Varma RS, Dahiya R. Copper(II) nitrate on clay (claycop)-hydrogen peroxide: Selective and solvent-free oxidations using microwaves. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prati L, Rossi M. Stepwise oxidation of 1,2-diols resulting from molecular oxygen activation by copper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1381-1169(96)00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Murahashi SI. Synthetische Aspekte metallkatalysierter Oxidationen von Aminen und verwandte Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951072205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barton DH, Bévière SD, Chavasiri W, Csuhai É, Doller D. The functionalisation of saturated hydrocarbons. Part XXI. The Fe(III)-catalyzed and the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons by hydrogen peroxide: a comparative study. Tetrahedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Capdevielle P, Maumy M. Copper-mediated α-hydroxylation of N-salicyloyl-glycine. a model for peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Interaction of Hydrogen Peroxide and Copper (II): A Peroxidic Oxidizing Reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(08)62870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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