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Talukdar R. Tracking down the brominated single electron oxidants in recent organic red-ox transformations: photolysis and photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8294-8345. [PMID: 33020775 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of organic and inorganic brominated compounds including molecular bromine have been extensively used as oxidants in many organic photo-redox transformations in recent years, an area of ever growing interest because of greener and milder approaches. The oxidation power of these compounds is utilized through both mechanistic pathways (by hydrogen atom transfer or HAT in the absence of a photocatalyst and a combination of single electron transfer or SET and/or HAT in the presence of a photocatalyst). Not only as terminal oxidants for regeneration of photocatalysts, but brominated reactants have also contributed to the oxidation of the reaction intermediate(s) to carry on the radical chain process in several reactions. Here in this review mainly the non-brominative oxidative product formations are discussed, carried out since the last two decades, skipping the instances where they acted as terminal oxidants only to regenerate photocatalysts. The reactions are used to generate natural products, pharmaceuticals and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India.
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2
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Tomakinian T, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-b]indoline amines via deamination-interrupted Fischer indolization and their unexpected reactivity towards nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5443-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the access to the benzofuro[3,2-b]indoline framework via an interrupted Fischer indolization and its unexpected reactivity towards allyl nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Tomakinian
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)
- Equipe Méthodologie
- Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (MS&MT)
- Univ Paris Sud
- CNRS
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)
- Equipe Méthodologie
- Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (MS&MT)
- Univ Paris Sud
- CNRS
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)
- Equipe Méthodologie
- Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (MS&MT)
- Univ Paris Sud
- CNRS
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO)
- Equipe Méthodologie
- Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (MS&MT)
- Univ Paris Sud
- CNRS
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Rull SG, Blandez JF, Fructos MR, Belderrain TR, Nicasio MC. CN Coupling of Indoles and Carbazoles with Aromatic Chlorides Catalyzed by a Single-Component NHC-Nickel(0) Precursor. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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He L, Pian JX, Shi JF, Du GF, Dai B. Transition-metal-free synthesis of multisubstituted N-arylindoles via reaction of arynes and α-amino ketones. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Miyoshi T, Aoki Y, Uno Y, Araki M, Kamatani T, Fujii D, Fujita Y, Takeda N, Ueda M, Kitagawa H, Emoto N, Mukai T, Tanaka M, Miyata O. Michael Addition–Aromatization Reaction of Dienylimines Bearing a Leaving Group and Its Application to the Preparation of Thiol-Selective Labeling Reagents Capable of Forming Strong Carbon–Sulfur Bonds. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11433-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyoshi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yumina Uno
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Mina Araki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamatani
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Daichi Fujii
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujita
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tanaka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Okiko Miyata
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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6
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Zhang J, Yin Z, Leonard P, Wu J, Sioson K, Liu C, Lapo R, Zheng S. A Variation of the Fischer Indolization Involving Condensation of Quinone Monoketals and Aliphatic Hydrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1753-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Murakami Y. Peculiarity of methoxy group-substituted phenylhydrazones in Fischer indole synthesis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:1-17. [PMID: 22241067 PMCID: PMC3278968 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We found that the Fischer indole synthesis of ethyl pyruvate 2-methoxyphenylhydrazone (5) with HCl/EtOH gave an abnormal product, ethyl 6-chloroindole-2-carboxylate (7), as the main product, with a smaller amount of ethyl 7-methoxyindole-2-carboxylate (6) as the normal product. This abnormal reaction was the result of a cyclization on the side with the substituent (methoxy group) of a benzene ring on phenylhydrazone, which was not previously observed. In this initial investigation, we focused on 1) the application of the above-mentioned abnormal Fischer indole synthesis, 2) the details of this reaction of phenylhydrazone with other kinds of substituents, 3) the mechanism of the first step of the Fischer indole synthesis, 4) the abnormal reaction in methoxydiphenylhydrazones, and 5) a synthetic device to avoid an abnormal reaction. The results of these studies are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuoki Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Shiomi-cho 15-8, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan.
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Srinivasa A, Mahadevan KM, Varma PP, Sudhakara A. Antimony (III) Sulfate Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstitutedindoles. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500802388250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gataullin RR. Synthesis of compounds containing a cycloalka[b]indole fragment. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Lehmann F, Holm M, Laufer S. Rapid and easy access to indoles via microwave-assisted Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Pei T, Tellers DM, Streckfuss EC, Chen CY, Davies IW. [1,2]-Aryl migration in the synthesis of substituted indoles: scope, mechanism, and high throughput experimentation. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Miyata O, Naito T, Takeda N. Efficient Synthesis of Indoles and Benzo[b]furans via [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of N-Trifluoroacetylenehydrazines and Enehydroxylamines. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-08-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Srinivasa A, Mahadevan KM, Sureshakumara TH, Hulikal V. A direct and simple approach for the synthesis of indole-3-propanol and its acetates from dihydropyran. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Roschangar F, Liu J, Estanove E, Dufour M, Rodríguez S, Farina V, Hickey E, Hossain A, Jones PJ, Lee H, Lu BZ, Varsolona R, Schröder J, Beaulieu P, Gillard J, Senanayake CH. Preparation of 3-substituted-2-pyridin-2-ylindoles: regioselectivity of Larock’s indole annulation with 2-alkynylpyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Takeda N, Miyata O, Naito T. Efficient Synthesis of Benzofurans Utilizing [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Triggered byN-Trifluoroacetylation of Oxime Ethers: Short Synthesis of Natural 2-Arylbenzofurans. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Xu DQ, Yang WL, Luo SP, Wang BT, Wu J, Xu ZY. Fischer Indole Synthesis in Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids: A Green, Mild, and Regiospecific Reaction System. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Bennacef I, Haile CN, Schmidt A, Koren AO, Seibyl JP, Staley JK, Bois F, Baldwin RM, Tamagnan G. Synthesis and receptor binding studies of halogenated N,N-dialkylel-(2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)glyoxylamides to visualize peripheral benzodiazepine receptors with SPECT or PET. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7582-91. [PMID: 16908169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A library of halogenated 2-arylindolyl-3-oxocarboxamides was prepared to develop radioligands to visualize cerebral PBR by SPECT and PET imaging. In vitro evaluation showed that most of the synthesized compounds were selective,high-affinity PBR ligands with adequate lipophilicity (log D7.4 in the range of 1.6-2.4). The iodinated derivative 11 (Ki = 2.6 nM) and the fluorinated analog 26 (Ki = 6.2 nM) displayed higher affinity than reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Bennacef
- Yale School of Medicine, VA Connecticut HCS (116A2), West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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19
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Efficient synthesis of indoles using [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-trifluoroacetyl enehydrazines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Narayana B, Ashalatha BV, Vijaya Raj KK, Fernandes J, Sarojini BK. Synthesis of some new biologically active 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl nitroindoles and a modified Fischer indole synthesis of ethyl nitro indole-2-carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4638-44. [PMID: 15927475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 04/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and modified synthesis of ethyl-4-nitro/5-nitro/6-nitro and 7-nitroindole-2-carboxylates is described. Carbohydrazides of corresponding ethyl nitroindole-2-carboxylates underwent smooth one-step transformation to 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl nitroindoles (4a-l) on reaction with aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. An alternate method to synthesize 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl nitroindoles is also described. Among the newly synthesized 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl nitroindoles, a few compounds are studied for anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narayana
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, India
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Pulici M, Quartieri F, Felder ER. Trifluoroacetic Anhydride-Mediated Solid-Phase Version of the Robinson−Gabriel Synthesis of Oxazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:463-73. [PMID: 15877475 DOI: 10.1021/cc049831h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A traceless solid-phase synthesis of oxazoles 4 via Robinson-Gabriel reaction of solid-supported alpha-acylamino ketones 2 has been achieved. The reaction requires that the cyclization precursor be linked to a benzhydrylic-type linker (compounds 2) and that trifluoroacetic anhydride be used as the cyclodehydrating agent. The solvent has a dramatic effect on the latter reaction, which goes to completion and follows a cyclative-type mechanism only when an ethereal solvent is used. Different synthetic routes have been investigated toward assembling compounds 2. The most straightforward one, which we have validated more extensively, comprises the reaction of Merrifield alpha-methoxyphenyl (MAMP) resin with an alpha-amino ketone to form compounds 1, which are, in turn, acylated. Other methodologies and strategies allowing for the synthesis of compounds 1 that have been investigated include direct alkylation of Rink amide resin; reductive amination of the latter with alpha-keto aldehydes; reaction of MAMP resin with alpha-amino alcohols, followed by oxidation; and protection of Rink amide resin with either 2,4-dinitrosulfonyl or allyl group, followed by alkylation and removal of protecting group. In addition, we disclose a novel variant of the Ugi four-component reaction that allows for the preparation of compounds 2 in a single synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pulici
- Department of Chemistry, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano (MI), Italy.
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Murakami Y. [New reactivities of nitrogen-containing aromatics and their synthetic application]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2002; 122:869-88. [PMID: 12440147 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.122.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes new knowledge on reactivities and syntheses of N-containing aromatics and their application to the synthesis of natural products covering three subjects. 1) The first part describes the Fischer indole synthesis of o-substituted phenylhydrazones, its mechanism, Reissert indole synthesis, a new synthetic approach from pyrrole to indole, some reactions of indoles (i.e., etc.), acylation, bromination, debromination, debenzylation, Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, and synthesis of 4-methoxy-beta-carboline alkaloids. 2) The second part describes a new method of introduction of allyl and vinyl groups on the indole nucleus by means of a Pd catalyst. This method was applied to the synthesis of optically active ergot alkaloids. 3) The third part describes the synthesis of o-substituted diacylanilines and its application to chemoselective acylating reagents. A study on axial chirality based on the Ar-N axis is also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuoki Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Naito T, Miyata O, Takeda N. Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Indoles via Thermal Cyclization of N-Trifluoroacetyl Enehydrazines. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-9476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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