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Xu L, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang A, Chen H, Xue G. Discovering dominant ammonia assimilation: Implication for high-strength nitrogen removal in full scale biological treatment of landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137256. [PMID: 36395888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate containing high-strength nitrogen is generated in domestic waste landfilling. The integration of anoxic and aerobic process (AO) based on nitrification and denitrification, has been a mainstream process of biological nitrogen removal (BNR). But the high-strength organics as well as aerobic effluent reflux might change the biochemical environment designed and operated as AO. In view of the nitrogen balance in a full scale landfill leachate treatment plant with two-stage AO, we found that approximately 90% removal of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia (NH4+-N) focused on primary anoxic and aerobic stage. Meanwhile, the less nitrate and nitrite in the aerobic effluent were incapable of sustaining denitrification or anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). The high reflux flow from aerobic to anoxic process enabled the similar microbial community and functional genes in anoxic and aerobic process units. However, the functional genes involving ammonia assimilation in all process units showcased the highest abundance compared to those correlated with other BNR pathways, including nitrification and denitrification, assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrogen fixation and anammox. The ammonia assimilation dominated the removals of TN and NH4+-N, rather than other BNR mechanism. The insight of dominant ammonia assimilation is favorable for illustrating the authentic BNR mechanism of landfill leachate in AO, thereby guiding the optimization of engineering design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yueling He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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2
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Wu X, Wang C, Wang D, Huang YX, Yuan S, Meng F. Simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification coupled with nitrifying biofilm for high-strength wastewater treatment: Performance and microbial mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119163. [PMID: 36206686 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A combined system consisting of an upflow blanket filter (UBF) and a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was developed for the simultaneous removal of organic matters and ammonia from high-strength wastewater. With a constant COD of approximately 2000 mg/L and ammonium nitrogen in a series of concentrations (e.g., 50, 200 and 400 mg/L in stages I to III) of the influent wastewater, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 96.10%-98.19%, 100%, and 79.12%-82.15%, respectively. With the increase of influent ammonia nitrogen concentration, the specific methanogenic activity of the UBF granules decreased significantly, while the specific denitrification rates of the UBF granules and specific nitrification rates of the MBBR biofilms increased significantly. Microbial community analysis showed that Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta were the dominant methanogens in the UBF granules, while Candidatus Competibacter, Thauera and Acinetobacter were identified as dominant denitrifiers. In addition, nitrifiers were enriched in MBBR biofilms at 11.33% and 13.87% of the average abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira, respectively, at stage III (influent ammonium at 400 mg/L, COD/NH4+-N = 5). The ecological network analysis, including full-networks and sub-networks, indicated that the interactions between methanogens and denitrifiers in the UBF granules were strong when the influent ammonium concentration reached 400 mg/L. No intensive interactions were observed among the functional bacteria in the MBBR biofilms over the entire operation. Overall, this study provides a new strategy for the application and construction of efficient biological processes to achieve simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen for high-strength wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshen Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Depeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Yu-Xi Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China.
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Evaluation of operating parameters affecting the two-stage nitritatin/anammox process in mainstream flows: From lab-scale to pilot-scale. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Choudhury MR, Rajagopal R, Meertens W, Rahaman MS. Nitrogen and organic load removal from anaerobically digested leachate using a hybrid electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114761. [PMID: 35276557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of an integrated electrochemical process, which simultaneously utilizes electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-coagulation (EC) methods while removing organic and nitrogen loads from high-strength leachate obtained from anaerobic digesters. A bipolar arrangement of the aluminum electrode, sandwiched between a monopolar boron-doped diamond anode and stainless-steel cathode, integrates EC and EO into a single reactor. This arrangement demonstrated an enhancement of 33%, 27%, and 24% in removal capacity for ammonia nitrogen (AN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen, respectively, when compared to just EO at 0.8 A current intensity after 24 h. Increasing the current intensity from 0.4 A to 1.0 A enhanced the organic nitrogen and AN removal. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) exhibited initial faster removal kinetics with higher current intensities and eventually reached 95%-98% removal for intensities of 0.6 A or higher. Additional removal for AN, TKN were also observed with increasing current intensity. Lowering the pH further expedited the COD removal kinetics. Reducing and maintaining the pH at 4, 6, and 8 by dosing of hydrochloric acid (HCl) resulted in the 100% removal of AN and TKN from the integrated system in 6, 8, and 20 h, respectively. Accelerated removal of COD and the enhanced removal of AN and TKN through pH control could be linked to the formation of active chlorine species in bulk solution. The integrated system offered lower energy consumption than EO due to oxidation on the additional anodic surface of the bipolar electrode, as well as the adsorption-precipitation of contaminants in aluminum flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbuboor Rahman Choudhury
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Ave, The Bronx, NY, 10463, United States
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Wesley Meertens
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahaman
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, H3C 3A7, QC, Canada.
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Wijekoon P, Koliyabandara PA, Cooray AT, Lam SS, Athapattu BCL, Vithanage M. Progress and prospects in mitigation of landfill leachate pollution: Risk, pollution potential, treatment and challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126627. [PMID: 34343881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The escalating loads of municipal solid waste (MSW) end up in open dumps and landfills, producing continuous flows of landfill leachate. The risk of incorporating highly toxic landfill leachate into environment is important to be evaluated and measured in order to facilitate decision making for landfill leachate management and treatment. Leachate pollution index (LPI) provides quantitative measures of the potential environmental pollution by landfill leachate and information about the environmental quality adjacent to a particular landfill. According to LPI values, most developing countries show high pollution potentials from leachate, mainly due to high organic waste composition and low level of waste management techniques. A special focus on leachate characterization studies with LPI and its integration to treatment, which has not been focused in previous reviews on landfill leachate, is given here. Further, the current review provides a summary related to leachate generation, composition, characterization, risk assessment and treatment together with challenges and perspectives in the sector with its focus to developing nations. Potential commercial and industrial applications of landfill leachate is discussed in the study to provide insights into its sustainable management which is original for the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddhi Wijekoon
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Asitha T Cooray
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Bandunee C L Athapattu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
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Arbabi M, Tousizadeh S, Tondro E, Sedehi M, Arbabi A. Evaluation of chemical oxygen demand and color removal from leachate using coagulation/flocculation combined with advanced oxidation process. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 35720214 PMCID: PMC9201231 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the basic practices in the field of waste management is the collection and treatment of leachate. Leachate from municipal waste due to high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dark color is a potential pollutant of the environment, which causes a lot of problems in the absence of treatment and direct discharge to the environment. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of ultrasonic process in combination with coagulation and flocculation process using sodium ferrate in COD and color reduction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, all experiments were performed in batch conditions and with changing process variables such as pH and sonication time, and the effect of three parameters, including ultrasonic reaction time (15, 30, and 45 min), pH (2, 4, 5/5, and 7), and coagulant dosage (from 1 to 150 g/l) on the COD reduction and color removal, was evaluated. Coagulant concentration and then the removal efficiency of COD and color were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 18. Results: The COD reduction and color removal were 87.05% and 88.6% in optimal condition (using 120 g/L of sodium ferrate at pH 5.5), with coagulation/flocculation, after ultrasound (15 min). Ultrasound (15 min) + sodium ferrate (without coagulation/flocculation) achieved 46.25% of COD reduction and 90.35% of color elimination, whereas the ultrasonic process alone allowed removing the COD and color in the leachate by less than 50%. Conclusion: The results indicate that C–F followed by ultrasonic can be used to efficiently reduce the organic matter and color from municipal waste leachate, and it would be an ideal option for leachate treatment.
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Bagastyo AY, Hidayati AS, Herumurti W, Nurhayati E. Application of boron-doped diamond, Ti/IrO 2, and Ti/Pt anodes for the electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate biologically pretreated by moving bed biofilm reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1357-1368. [PMID: 33767042 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional biological treatments used in most Indonesian landfill sites are mostly ineffective in treating stabilized landfill leachates to meet the standard regulation. Thus, a combination of biological and electrochemical process is offered to successfully treat leachates containing a high concentration of organic and nitrogenous compounds. In this study, a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was applied prior to electrochemical oxidation by using boron-doped diamond (BDD), Ti/IrO2, and Ti/Pt anodes with applied current of 350, 400 and 450 mA. The objectives were to investigate the effect of anode type and the applied current on the removal of organics as well as total nitrogen from the MBBR-treated leachate with electrochemical oxidation. The optimum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) observed on the Ti/Pt anode was 78% by applying 400 mA, with an estimated energy of 56.7 Wh g L-1. In the case of Ti/IrO2 and BDD anodes, the optimum removal of COD was 76 and 85% with an energy consumption of 58.9 and 36.9 Wh g L-1, respectively, both achieved at 350 mA. Although all anodes showed less-satisfactory performances for total nitrogen reduction, around 46-95% removal of nitrogenous compounds was achieved by MBBR, with their partial conversion to nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseto Yekti Bagastyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111 E-mail:
| | - Arum Sofiana Hidayati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111 E-mail:
| | - Welly Herumurti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111 E-mail:
| | - Ervin Nurhayati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia 60111 E-mail:
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Danley-Thomson A, Worley-Morse T, Contreras SUJ, Herman S, Brawley A, Karcher K. Determining the effects of Class I landfill leachate on biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111198. [PMID: 32836168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of landfill leachate is a chronic problem facing the municipal solid waste industry. The composition of landfill leachate is highly variable and often dependent on site-specific conditions. Due to the potentially disruptive impact on wastewater treatment processes, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are reluctant to accept landfill leachate for co-treatment. To improve the ability of WWTPs to screen the impact of landfill leachate and reduce landfill owners' cost of disposal, two bench scale methods were evaluated. First, six landfill leachates were screened with the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) test, and second, the effect of leachate on the efficacy of activated sludge processes using lab scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was determined with volumetric loading rates ranging from 5% to 20%. Results suggested that these tools can be used to estimate the impacts of leachate loading on biological processes. Both tools were able to identify loadings where biological activity was increased and inhibition of biological processes was minimized. The loading that maximized microbial activity was leachate specific and typically ranged from 5% to 10%. Taken together, these results suggest that improved landfill leachate screening and testing may improve outcomes at WWTPs by identifying a "Goldilocks" loading rate that increases biological activity. Nevertheless, our results also demonstrated that the effluent quality was degraded even at loading rates that increased biological activity. It is uncertain at this time if biological acclimation can remedy increased effluent nutrient mass loadings, suggesting further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Danley-Thomson
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 10501, FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Sandra Un Jan Contreras
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 10501, FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Shane Herman
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 10501, FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander Brawley
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 10501, FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Kendall Karcher
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 10501, FGCU Blvd S, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
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Loofah Sponges as Bio-Carriers in a Pilot-Scale Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fixed-film biofilm reactors are considered one of the most effective wastewater treatment processes, however, the cost of their plastic bio-carriers makes them less attractive for application in developing countries. This study evaluated loofah sponges, an eco-friendly renewable agricultural product, as bio-carriers in a pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Tests showed that pristine loofah sponges disintegrated within two weeks resulting in a decrease in the treatment efficiencies. Accordingly, loofah sponges were modified by coating them with CaCO3 and polymer. IFAS pilot tests using the modified loofah sponges achieved 83% organic removal and 71% total nitrogen removal and met Vietnam’s wastewater effluent discharge standards. The system achieved considerably high levels of nitrification and it was not limited by the loading rate or dissolved oxygen levels. Cell concentrations in the carriers were twenty to forty times higher than those within the aeration tank. Through 16S-rRNA sequencing, the major micro-organism types identified were Kluyvera cryocrescens, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus tropicus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas turukhanskensis. This study demonstrated that although modified loofah sponges are effective renewable bio-carriers for municipal wastewater treatment, longer-term testing is recommended.
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Qiu J, Lü F, Zhang H, Huang Y, Shao L, He P. Persistence of native and bio-derived molecules of dissolved organic matters during simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis for fresh waste leachate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115705. [PMID: 32200334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of wastewater always leaves plenty of refractory dissolved organic matters (DOM) in effluents, specifically for fresh waste leachate. Aiming at comprehending the production and removal of these compounds, this study investigated DOM transformation in a simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis with activated sludge (SDM-AS) system with NO3-/NO2- backflow for raw fresh leachate. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced to 854 ± 120 mg/L from 63000 ± 470 mg/L, and total nitrogen (TN) decreased from 2500 ± 647 mg/L to 404 ± 75 mg/L, during an operation of 440 days. The SDM reactor was fed at organic loading rate of 6.70 kgCOD/(m3·d) to generate 2.52 L CH4/(L·d). Molecular information of leachate DOM was acquired by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. A DOM classification based on Venn diagram was proposed to divide leachate DOM into seven categories. It revealed that 76-84% of final effluent DOM stemmed from biological derivation. Posteriori non-target screening showed anthropogenic micropollutants, e.g. phosphate flame retardants and industrial agents, probably contributed to the remnant native inert DOM in the effluent at the levels of 5-200 μg/L. DOM Classification also showed a portion of bio-derived DOM can be completely removed by SDM-AS processes, while the rest bio-derived DOM can be partially removed depending on DOM nature and the recirculation ratio. The removal and production rate of a specific bio-derived molecule in respective SDM and AS units theoretically satisfied a hyperbolical and dual relationship in terms of mass balance. The persistence of each DOM category was sorted. These results showed anaerobic degradation could be a promising approach to reduce aerobic bio-derived DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yulong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Ma K, Zhang X, Shang Y, Zhu Z, Li X, Li X, Li X. Improved purified terephthalic acid wastewater treatment using combined UAFB-SBR system: At mesophilic and ambient temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125752. [PMID: 31978668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined UAFB-SBR process was introduced to improve the treatment efficiency of PTA wastewater. The techno-economic feasibility of the process was evaluated in terms of organic removal efficiencies under mesophilic (37 °C) and ambient temperature (15-25 °C) during the long-term run. The lab-scale study revealed that all organic compounds present in the PTA wastewater could be efficiently removed under both mesophilic and ambient temperature, and p-toluic acid is probably the critical pollutant regulating the overall process performance in anaerobic stage, which should be seriously considered. The Miseq Sequencing results suggested that, along with the system temperature variation from mesophilic to ambient temperature, greater effects on bacterial community than archaeal community were detected in the UAFB reactor, while only slight variations were observed in the SBR reactor. Further taxonomy analysis demonstrated that within the UAFB reactor, the syntrophic partnership of Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus and Desulfovibrio with hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the main impetus for aromatic organics reduction. In the meanwhile, the intensively identified Thauera and Azoarcus groups were speculated of important roles in the aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yong Shang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhenkui Zhu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xilin Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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12
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Sackey LNA, Kočí V, van Gestel CAM. Ecotoxicological effects on Lemna minor and Daphnia magna of leachates from differently aged landfills of Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134295. [PMID: 31505355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Management of leachates generated by solid waste disposal is a very challenging aspect of landfill management in most parts of the world. In most developing countries, the leachates generated are discharged into the environment without treatment, leading to contamination of ground and surface waters and causing human health problems. Even though its potential risk has been established through chemical analyses, less work has been conducted on its effect on ecosystems. This study assessed the toxicity of leachates from three landfill sites of different ages from Ghana, namely Tema, Mallam and Oblogo, to aquatic organisms. Duckweed (Lemna minor) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna) toxicity tests were performed using exposures to concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mL/L of the landfill leachates in control growth media. Physico-chemical properties of the leachates were also determined. The leachates from all the sites were toxic with IC 50 values ranging from 2.8 to 29.5%. The Oblogo landfill leachate (the oldest site) being most toxic to duckweed and Tema landfill leachate (the youngest site) most toxic to D. magna. Leachates characterized had varying concentrations of heavy metals (0.2-42.3 mg/L) with Cu and Cd below detectable limit. The organic component COD was below the permissible level (110-541 mg/L) and the TOC exceeded the permissible level (350-6920 mg/L). These results indicate that the age and other characteristics of the landfill sites contribute to the difference in the toxicity of the Ghana landfill leachates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon N A Sackey
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology,Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kočí
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology,Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Tajarudin HAB, Othman MFB, Serri NAB, Tamat MRB. Biological Treatment Technology for Landfill Leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT 2020:775-806. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological process for environmental preservation and treatment is not a new technology. It was used a decade ago until now. The most important tools in biological processes are the microorganism and upstream instruments (bioreactor, pond and others) to run the process. Furthermore, the efficiency of the process depends on many factors such as temperature, pH, type of microorganism, conditions, and other nutrients. To understand the factors that will affect the process, mechanisms of microorganisms to treat or protect the environment must be considered. For leachate treatment, biological process is one of the most widely used techniques for low cost and environmentally friendly.
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14
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Deng Y, Chen N, Feng C, Wang H, Zheng Y, Chen F, Lu W, Kuang P, Feng H, Gao Y, Hu W. Degradation of nitrogen-containing refractory organic wastewater using a novel alternating-anode electrochemical system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134161. [PMID: 32380621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presented a novel alternating-anode electrochemical system (AAES) based on single electrolytic cell for the treatment of nitrogen-containing refractory organic wastewater (NOW). The core of AAES lies in the alternating working of iron anode and DSA anode to integrate different electrochemical processes. The biologically treated landfill leachate (BTLL) was selected as a practical NOW for assessing the performance of AAES. The results indicated that after 140 min of electrolytic reaction, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen (TN) using AAES was found to be 76.9 and 98.9%, respectively. The main component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in BTLL included humic-like substances, which could be degraded into small-molecule DOM, such as fulvic-like substances and protein-like substances, by available chlorine and hydroxyl radicals present in AAES. Cathode reduction (NOx--N → NH4+-N and N2) under iron anode and indirect oxidation (NH4+-N → N2) under DSA anode were the main pathways to remove TN from NOW. Owing to the redox conditions created by the alternating anodes, the main stable crystalline forms of precipitates obtained from AAES were Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3, which could be separated by using the external magnetic field. The findings of this study may provide a feasible solution for the advanced electrochemical treatment of NOW in a single electrolytic cell as well as rapid separation of precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Haishuang Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fangxin Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wang Lu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Peijing Kuang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hanguang Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Journal Center, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Gu N, Liu J, Ye J, Chang N, Li YY. Bioenergy, ammonia and humic substances recovery from municipal solid waste leachate: A review and process integration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122159. [PMID: 31558341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High strength of organic matters and nitrogen are the most concerns in treatment of municipal solid waste leachate, but can be removed and recovered as bioenergy and fertilizer. A few review papers on leachate treatment technologies and single resource recovery have been published. However, none practical leachate treatment process towards multiple resources recovery has been worked out. In this paper, technologies of bioenergy, ammonia and humic substances recovery from municipal solid waste leachate are summarized. A two-stage anaerobic digestion comprising an expanded granular sludge bed reactor and an anaerobic membrane bioreactor is suggested to maximize methane production as bioenergy. Ammonia recovery by biogas recirculation with simultaneous calcium removal is proposed for the first time. Humic substances are suggested to be recovered as fertilizer from nanofiltration concentrate by membrane technology. A novel integrated leachate treatment process is proposed for resources recovery from leachate, with more environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiongjiong Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 GuoDing Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Han Z, Zeng D, Mou Z, Shi G, Zhang Y, Lou Z. A novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor for domestic solid waste treatment in rural areas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 86:97-105. [PMID: 30902244 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirements of domestic solid waste treatment and technological upgrading of bioreactors, a spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (STASAB) was designed. The STASAB took full advantages of anaerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactors by the sequential alternation of anaerobic and semi-aerobic operation and by recirculation of mixed leachate from different-stage bioreactors. Results indicated that after the start-up stage, the pH of leachate in the STASAB always remained higher than 6.88, even in the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. The maximum total nitrogen concentration in the STASAB was 1461 mg·L-1, which was merely half that of the sequentially anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (SASAB) and had no adverse effects on the anaerobic process. Nitrogen removal in the STASAB reached 92.3%-95.5% when operated in the semi-aerobic phase and even reached 49.4% when operated in the anaerobic phase. The peak concentration of chemical oxygen demand was much lower and the anaerobic digestion lag time was much shorter in the STASAB than in the SASAB. The period of rapid biogas production in the STASAB was double that of the SASAB, which resulted in a 70% increase in biogas generation. Moreover, leachate could be exhausted by evaporation in just 3-5 months during the semi-aerobic phase. Therefore, the STASAB can eliminate acidogenic and ammonia inhibition during solid waste treatment, enhance the rate and extent of organic waste decomposition, rapidly initiate methanogenesis, enhance methane generation, and achieve zero leachate discharge (excluding rainfall infiltration). The STASAB is an efficient and feasible technique for treating domestic solid waste in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- Science School of Tibet University, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Zishen Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guozhong Shi
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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17
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Wu D, Yi X, Tang R, Feng C, Wei C. Single microbial fuel cell reactor for coking wastewater treatment: Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal with zero alkaline consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:497-506. [PMID: 29195198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of several individual reactors for sequential removal of organic compounds and nitrogen, in addition to the required alkaline addition in aerobic reactors, remain outstanding technical challenges to the traditional biological treatment of coking wastewater. Here, we report the utilization of a single microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor that performs simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal with zero alkaline consumption, as evidenced by the results of the batch-fed and continuous-flow experiments. The MFC exhibited faster reaction kinetics for COD and total nitrogen (TN) removal than the same configured reactor analogous to the traditional aerobic biological reactor (ABR). At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 125 h, the efficiencies of COD and TN removal in the MFC reached 83.8±3.6% and 97.9±2.1%, respectively, much higher than the values of 73.8±2.9% and 50.2±5.0% obtained in the ABR. Furthermore, the degradation in the MFC of the main organic components, including phenolic compounds (such as phenol, 2-methylphenol, 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, and 2,4-dimethlyphenol) and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (such as quinolone, pyridine, indole, and isoquinolone) was greater than that in the ABR. The enhancing effect was attributed to the ability of the MFC to self-adjust the pH. It was also manifested by the increased abundances of heterotrophs, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers in the MFC. The correlations between the current density and the rates of COD and TN removal suggest that the extent of the current from the anode to the cathode is a critical parameter for the overall performance of MFCs in the treatment of coking wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Yi
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rong Tang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chaohai Wei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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18
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Wen Z, Bai W, Zhang W, Chen C, Fei F, Chen B, Huang Y. Environmental impact analysis of nitrogen cross-media metabolism: A case study of municipal solid waste treatment system in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:810-818. [PMID: 29079091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste Treatment System (MSWTS) contributes a lot to urban metabolism optimization and pollution control of nitrogen. An analysis framework for cross-media metabolism of nitrogen was developed for MSWTS to study the systematic effects of nitrogen metabolism in MSWTS on ecosystem quality. Then cross-media distribution of pollutants was calculated in landfill, composting, incineration and anaerobic digestion, respectively. Sixty three percent to 82% of the original inputs ended up in the natural environment using the former three technologies (landfill, composting and incineration), which was attributed to cross-media migration. Anaerobic digestion should be highlighted due to its overall desirable removal efficiency. Critical processes related to nitrogen cross-media migration were identified to analyze the overall environmental impacts sensitivities. Positive effects emerged in liquid-solid interface migration of nitrogen through sewage collection and treatment technology processes, while the incineration flue gas treatment witnessed negative effects in gas-liquid interface migration. Overall, the environmental impact sensitivity levels of nitrogen cross-media migration under critical processes were as follows: incineration>landfill>composting>anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the environment is most sensitively affected by incineration and its processes. The present study is of great significance to optimize environmental management by shifting the management mode from single environmental medium quality control to systematic ecosystem quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongguo Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Weinan Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Fei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Mandal P, Dubey BK, Gupta AK. Review on landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation: Drawbacks, challenges and future scope. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:250-273. [PMID: 28865908 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various studies on landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation have indicated that this process can effectively reduce two major pollutants present in landfill leachate; organic matter and ammonium nitrogen. In addition, the process is able to enhance the biodegradability index (BOD/COD) of landfill leachate, which make mature or stabilized landfill leachate suitable for biological treatment. The elevated concentration of ammonium nitrogen especially observed in bioreactor landfill leachate can also be reduced by electrochemical oxidation. The pollutant removal efficiency of the system depends upon the mechanism of oxidation (direct or indirect oxidation) which depends upon the property of anode material. Applied current density, pH, type and concentration of electrolyte, inter-electrode gap, mass transfer mode, total anode area to volume of effluent to be treated ratio, temperature, flow rate or flow velocity, reactor geometry, cathode material and lamp power during photoelectrochemical oxidation may also influence the system performance. In this review paper, past and present scenarios of landfill leachate treatment efficiencies and costs of various lab scale, pilot scale electrochemical oxidation studies asa standalone system or integrated with biological and physicochemical processes have been reviewed with the conclusion that electrochemical oxidation can be employed asa complementary treatment system with biological process for conventional landfill leachate treatment as well asa standalone system for ammonium nitrogen removal from bioreactor landfill leachate. Furthermore, present drawbacks of electrochemical oxidation process asa landfill leachate treatment system and relevance of incorporating life cycle assessment into the decision-making process besides process efficiency and cost, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pubali Mandal
- Environmental Engineering and Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Brajesh K Dubey
- Environmental Engineering and Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Ashok K Gupta
- Environmental Engineering and Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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20
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Hanira NML, Hasfalina CM, Rashid M, Luqman CA, Abdullah AM. Effect of dilution and operating parameters on ammonia removal from scheduled waste landfill leachate in a lab-scale ammonia stripping reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/206/1/012076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Alabiad I, Ali UFM, Zakarya IA, Ibrahim N, Radzi RW, Zulkurnai NZ, Azmi NH. Ammonia removal via microbial fuel cell (MFC) dynamic reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/206/1/012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Yin Z, Xie L, Cui X, Zhou Q. Effective carbon and nitrogen removal with reduced sulfur oxidation in an anaerobic baffled reactor for fresh leachate treatment. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Liu G, You S, Ma M, Huang H, Ren N. Removal of Nitrate by Photocatalytic Denitrification Using Nonlinear Optical Material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11218-11225. [PMID: 27618259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nitrate from water has been receiving growing attention in water treatment. In this study, we report the photocatalytic denitrification (PCDN) by nonlinear optical (NLO) material, i.e. lithium niobate (LiNbO3). The hydrothermally synthesized LiNbO3 powder could achieve efficient denitrification in water, evidenced by 98.4% nitrate removal and 95.8% nitrogen selectivity at reaction time of 120 min and pH-neutral condition. Based on the first-order kinetics of PCDN, the kinetic constant for LiNbO3 is almost three times as that of conventional TiO2 (P25) under the same conditions. As suggested by the hole scavenger experiments, the LiNbO3 should proceed with photocatalytic reduction of nitrate through direct heterogeneous interaction with electrons at the conduction band of LiNbO3. This may represent a different mechanism from P25, where nitrate is mainly reduced by CO2•- radicals generated by the holes at the valence band. The unique second harmonic generation (SHG) effects of NLO materials enable them to produce more electrons and minimize the electron-hole recombination, which improves the efficiency and stability of the PCDN process. The current study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of NLO photocatalytic material for more effective nitrate removal in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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24
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Xu J, Adair CW, Deshusses MA. Performance evaluation of a full-scale innovative swine waste-to-energy system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:494-502. [PMID: 27268434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive monitoring was carried out to evaluate the performance of a full-scale innovative swine waste-to-energy system at a commercial swine farm with 8640 heads of swine. Detailed mass balances over each unit of the system showed that the system, which includes a 7600m(3) anaerobic digester, a 65-kW microturbine, and a 4200m(3) aeration basin, was able to remove up to 92% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99% of the biological oxygen demand (BOD), 77% of the total nitrogen (TN), and 82% of the total phosphorous (TP) discharged into the system as fresh pig waste. The overall biogas yield based on the COD input was 64% of the maximum theoretical, a value that indicates that even greater environmental benefits could be obtained with process optimization. Overall, the characterization of the materials fluxes in the system provides a greater understanding of the fate of organics and nutrients in large scale animal waste management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiele Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Charles W Adair
- Duke Carbon Offsets Initiative, Office of the Executive Vice President, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Marc A Deshusses
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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25
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Akizuki S, Matsuyama T, Toda T. An anaerobic-aerobic sequential batch system using simultaneous organic and nitrogen removal to treat intermittently discharged organic solid wastes. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Sun F, Su X, Kang T, Wu S, Yuan M, Zhu J, Zhang X, Xu F, Wu W. Integrating landfill bioreactors, partial nitritation and anammox process for methane recovery and nitrogen removal from leachate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27744. [PMID: 27279481 PMCID: PMC4899737 DOI: 10.1038/srep27744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new process consisting of a landfill bioreactor, partial-nitritation (PN) and the anammox process has been developed for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, the landfill bioreactor exhibited excellent performance in methane-rich biogas recovery, with a specific biogas yield of 0.47 L gas g−1 COD and methane percentages of 53–76%. PN was achieved in the aerobic reactor by high free ammonia (101 ± 83 mg NH3 L−1) inhibition for nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the desired PN effluent composition (effluent nitrite: ammonium ratio of 1.1 ± 0.3) was controlled by adjusting the alkalinity concentration per unit of ammonium oxidized to approximately 14.3 mg CaCO3 mg−1 N in the influent. The startup of anammox process was successfully achieved with a membrane bioreactor in 160 d, and a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 216 mg N L−1 d−1 was attained for real landfill leachate treatment. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that the cell-specific anammox activity was approximately 68–95 fmol N cell−1 d−1, which finally led to the stable operation of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqian Sun
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Kang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songwei Wu
- Quzhou Environmental Sanitation Department, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Mengdong Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiayun Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kaur K, Mor S, Ravindra K. Removal of chemical oxygen demand from landfill leachate using cow-dung ash as a low-cost adsorbent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 469:338-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iskander SM, Brazil B, Novak JT, He Z. Resource recovery from landfill leachate using bioelectrochemical systems: Opportunities, challenges, and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:347-54. [PMID: 26681364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate has recently been investigated as a substrate for bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for electricity generation. While BES treatment of leachate is effective, the unique feature of bioelectricity generation in BES creates opportunities for resource recovery from leachate. The organic compounds in leachate can be directly converted to electrical energy through microbial interaction with solid electron acceptors/donors. Nutrient such as ammonia can be recovered via ammonium migration driven by electricity generation and ammonium conversion to ammonia in a high-pH condition that is a result of cathode reduction reaction. Metals in leachate may also be recovered, but the recovery is affected by their concentrations and values. Through integrating membrane process, especially forward osmosis, BES can recover high-quality water from leachate for applications in landscaping, agricultural irrigation or direct discharge. This review paper discusses the opportunities, challenges, and perspectives of resource recovery from landfill leachate by using BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeed Md Iskander
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Shi X, Sun H, Pan H, Chen Y, Jiang Z, Liu J, Wang S. Growth and efficiency of nutrient removal by Salix jiangsuensis J172 for phytoremediation of urban wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2715-2723. [PMID: 26438370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Willows are a group of versatile tree species that may have multiple environmental applications. In the present study, Salix jiangsuensis J172 plants were grown in the fixed mats as an economic plant-based treatment system to evaluate its potential for removing nutrients in wastewater. Plants grew normally in wastewater compared with those in Hoagland solution. However, wastewater containing a high concentration of chlorine ions was toxic to S. jiangsuensis J172 plants. The plants accumulated large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in aboveground tissues under conditions of abundant supply. The removal efficiency for raw wastewater was 82.18-87.78 % for nitrogen, 57.35-65.58 % for phosphorus, and 58.24-59.90 % for chemical oxygen demand. Nutrient removal efficiency was positively correlated with the initial nutrient supply. The results show that S. jiangsuensis J172 grown in the fixed mat economic plant-based treatment system with nutrient-rich, eutrophic water may be an effective, low-cost phytoremediation technology to treat water containing undesirable levels of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shi
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Haijing Sun
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yitai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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Huang G, Fan G, Liu G. Enhanced treatment of tannery wastewater in an integrated multistage bioreactor (IMBR) by the predominant bacterial strains enriched from marine sediments. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:807-817. [PMID: 26901723 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An innovative integrated multistage bioreactor (IMBR) system, which was augmented with three predominant bacterial strains (Lactobacillus paracasei CL1107, Pichia jadinii CL1705, and Serratia marcescens CL1502) isolated from marine sediments, was developed to treat real tannery wastewater without performing physicochemical pretreatment, with the potential to reduce the generation of waste sludge and odors. The performance of the IMBR treatment system, with and without the inclusion of the predominant bacterial strains, was compared. The results indicated that the performance of the IMBR system without bioaugmentation by the predominant bacterial strains was poor. However, when in the presence of the predominant bacterial strains, the IMBR system exhibited high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (97%), NH4(+)-N (97.7%), and total nitrogen (TN) (90%). In addition, the system had the capacity for the simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen, heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification being carried out concurrently, thereby avoiding the strong inhibition of high concentrations of COD on nitrification. The system possessed excellent adaptability and ability to resist influent loading fluctuations, and had a good alkalinity balance such that it could achieve a high NH4(+)-N, and TN removal efficiency without a supplement of external alkalinity. In addition, an empirical performance modeling of the IMBR system was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdao Huang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China E-mail: ; Environmental Protection & Design institute, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Guofeng Fan
- Environmental Protection & Design institute, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China E-mail:
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Tajarudin HAB, Othman MFB, Serri NAB, Tamat MRB. Biological Treatment Technology for Landfill Leachate. CONTROL AND TREATMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATE FOR SANITARY WASTE DISPOSAL 2015:219-249. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9610-5.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological process for environmental preservation and treatment is not a new technology. It was used a decade ago until now. The most important tools in biological processes are the microorganism and upstream instruments (bioreactor, pond and others) to run the process. Furthermore, the efficiency of the process depends on many factors such as temperature, pH, type of microorganism, conditions, and other nutrients. To understand the factors that will affect the process, mechanisms of microorganisms to treat or protect the environment must be considered. For leachate treatment, biological process is one of the most widely used techniques for low cost and environmentally friendly.
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Liu M, Yang Q, Peng Y, Liu T, Xiao H, Wang S. Treatment performance and N2O emission in the UASB-A/O shortcut biological nitrogen removal system for landfill leachate at different salinity. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silveira JE, Zazo JA, Pliego G, Bidóia ED, Moraes PB. Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate in a flow reactor: optimization using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5831-5841. [PMID: 25339535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken (BBD) design was successfully applied to the optimization in the operating conditions of the electrochemical oxidation of sanitary landfill leachate aimed for making this method feasible for scale up. Landfill leachate was treated in continuous batch-recirculation system, where a dimensional stable anode (DSA(©)) coated with Ti/TiO2 and RuO2 film oxide were used. The effects of three variables, current density (milliampere per square centimeter), time of treatment (minutes), and supporting electrolyte dosage (moles per liter) upon the total organic carbon removal were evaluated. Optimized conditions were obtained for the highest desirability at 244.11 mA/cm(2), 41.78 min, and 0.07 mol/L of NaCl and 242.84 mA/cm(2), 37.07 min, and 0.07 mol/L of Na2SO4. Under the optimal conditions, 54.99% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 71.07 ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) removal was achieved with NaCl and 45.50 of COD and 62.13 NH3-N with Na2SO4. A new kinetic model predicted obtained from the relation between BBD and the kinetic model was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson E Silveira
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil,
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Sun H, Peng Y, Shi X. Advanced treatment of landfill leachate using anaerobic-aerobic process: organic removal by simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis and nitrogen removal via nitrite. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:337-345. [PMID: 25496956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel biological system coupling an UASB and a SBR was established to treat landfill leachate. In order to enhance organics and nitrogen removal, simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis (SDM) was performed in the UASB. Free ammonia (FA) inhibition on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and process control was used to achieve nitrite pathway in the SBR. Results over 623 days showed that the maximum organic removal rate in the UASB and the maximum ammonium oxidization rate in the SBR was 12.7 kgCOD/m(3) d and 0.96 kgN/m(3) d, respectively. The system achieved COD, TN, and NH4(+)-N removal efficiencies of 93.5%, 99.5%, and 99.1%, respectively. By using FA inhibition coupled with process control, the nitrite pathway was started-up in the SBR at low temperatures (14.0-18.2°C) and was maintained for 142 days at temperatures below 15°C (the lowest level was 9.0°C). The predominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) explains essentially stable nitritation obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xiaoning Shi
- China International Engineering Institute for Light Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing 100026, PR China
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35
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Sun X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang YN. Leachate recirculation between alternating aged refuse bioreactors and its effect on refuse decomposition. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:799-807. [PMID: 24645462 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.852625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a sequencing batch bioreactor landfill system which combined a fresh and an aged refuse bioreactor, blockage occurred frequently in the aged refuse bioreactor during the treatment of leachate from the fresh refuse bioreactor. To overcome this problem, another aged refuse bioreactor was added, when blockage occurred, the two aged refuse bioreactor operated alternatively. A fresh refuse bioreactor F combined with two alternating aged refuse bioreactors A1 and A2 was called alternate recirculation process (ARP) in this study. The bioreactor system was operated in three stages, and the three bioreactors were exposed to air to facilitate surface re-aeration. The effect of the ARP on the accelerated degradation of fresh refuse was compared before and after blockage occurs in A1. The results indicated that ARP can improve the leachate production rate. The average daily net production rates of leachate in Stages 2 and 3 were approximately 2.1 and 1.6 mL (kgrefuse d)(-1), respectively, which exceeded that of Stage 1 (1.3 mL (kg refuse d)(-1)). The chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N concentrations of the leachate from Stage 1 are 1000 and 25mgL(-1) after 2.1 and 2.7 y, respectively. For Stages 2 and 3, these concentrations reach approximately after 0.877 and 1.3 y. Faster refuse settlement was observed in Stages 2 and 3, with an average daily settlement of approximately 0.11%, as compared with Stage 1 (approximately 0.099%). ARP can accelerate the biodegradation of the fresh refuse and overcome the problem of the blockage in the aged refuse reactor.
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36
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Meng X, Vaccari DA, Zhang J, Fiume A, Meng X. Bioregeneration of spent anion exchange resin for treatment of nitrate in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1541-1548. [PMID: 24410613 DOI: 10.1021/es4043534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anion exchange resin treatment is a commonly used technique for removal of nitrate from water. However, spent anion exchange resins are themselves regenerated using brine solution, which produces spent solution containing a high concentration of nitrate and salt. The present study developed a bioregeneration technique for conversion of nitrate on the spent resins to nitrogen gas while eliminating the use of brine solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biomass content, pH, salinity, and molar ratio of exogenous organic carbon to nitrate on the kinetics of bioregeneration. The bioregeneration rate decreased when pH increased from 7 to 10. It increased with increasing microbial concentration from 8.3 to 13.8 g/L as volatile suspended solid (VSS) and with decreasing conductivity of the regeneration suspension from 31 to 9 mS/cm. Spent exchange resins were effectively regenerated within 5 h under the optimal conditions and the regenerated resins could be used repeatedly for filtration removal of nitrate from water. A desorption-denitrification model was developed to describe bioregeneration kinetics. Modeling results indicated that the bioregeneration was through desorption of nitrate from the spent resin and subsequent denitrification of the soluble nitrate. Denitrification was the rate-limiting process. This research demonstrated the feasibility of using a biological process to regenerate nitrate-saturated resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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37
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Giustinianovich EA, Aspé ER, Huiliñir CE, Roeckel MD. Simultaneous C and N removal from saline salmon effluents in filter reactors comprising anoxic-anaerobic-aerobic processes: effect of recycle ratio. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:584-592. [PMID: 24410689 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.859462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmon processing generates saline effluents with high protein load. To treat these effluents, three compact tubular filter reactors were installed and an integrated anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic process was developed with recycling flow from the reactor's exit to the inlet stream in order to save organic matter (OM) for denitrification. The reactors were aerated in the upper section with recycle ratios (RR) of 0, 2, and 10, respectively, at 30°C. A tubular reactor behave as a plug flow reactor when RR = 0, and as a mixed flow reactor when recycle increases, thus, different RR values were used to evaluate how it affects the product distribution and the global performance. Diluted salmon process effluent was prepared as substrate. Using loads of 1.0 kg COD m(-3)d(-1) and 0.15 kg total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) m(-3)d(-1) at HRT of 2 d, 100% removal efficiencies for nitrite and nitrate were achieved in the anoxic-denitrifying section without effect of the dissolved oxygen in the recycled flow on denitrification. Removals >98% for total organic carbon (TOC) was achieved in the three reactors. The RR had no effect on the TOC removal; nevertheless a higher efficiency in total nitrogen removal in the reactor with the highest recycle ratio was observed: 94.3% for RR = 10 and 46.6% for RR = 2. Results showed that the proposed layout with an alternative distribution in a compact reactor can efficiently treat high organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations from a saline fish effluent with OM savings in denitrification.
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38
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Raghab SM, Abd El Meguid AM, Hegazi HA. Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. HBRC JOURNAL 2013; 9:187-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hala A. Hegazi
- Housing and Building National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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39
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César H, Silvio M. Modeling of an anoxic/methanogenic biofilm: effect of pH calculation within the biofilm. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:1675-87. [PMID: 23529407 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The models of anoxic/methanogenic processes in biofilm reactors published until now have supposed that pH does not change between the bulk liquid and biofilm. These assumptions are not necessarily valid for processes in reactors with biofilms. The present work studied an anoxic/methanogenic biofilm reactor incorporating the pH variation in both bulk and biofilm. Two dynamic models, one including the calculation of pH throughout the biofilm, were solved numerically and compared with each other. The results showed that the inclusion of a pH algorithm calculation produces different profiles and efficiencies on an anoxic/methanogenic biofilm system. Values of C/N ratio higher than 20 mg TOC/mg NO3-N and values of HRT lower than 4.5 h produce differences of up to 46 % with a traditional model that does not include pH calculation inside the biofilm. Thus, the assumption of a constant pH within the biofilm when using the traditional model does not accurately describe the performance of the system under these conditions, and pH calculation inside the biofilm should be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliñir César
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile,
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40
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Yabroudi SC, Morita DM, Alem P. Landfill Leachate Treatment Over Nitritation/Denitritation in an Activated Sludge Sequencing Batch Reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Campos JC, Moura D, Costa AP, Yokoyama L, Araujo FVDF, Cammarota MC, Cardillo L. Evaluation of pH, alkalinity and temperature during air stripping process for ammonia removal from landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1105-1113. [PMID: 23573931 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.774658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the air stripping technology for the removal of ammonia from landfill leachates. In this process, pH, temperature, airflow rate and operation time were investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between the leachate alkalinity and the ammonia removal efficiency during the process was studied. The leachate used in the tests was generated in the Gramacho Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). The best results were obtained with a temperature of 60(o)C, and they were independent of the pH value for 7 h of operation (the ammonia nitrogen removal was greater than 95%). A strong influence of the leachate alkalinity on the ammonia nitrogen removal was observed; as the alkalinity decreased, the ammonia concentration also decreased because of prior CO2 removal, which increased the pH and consequently favored the NH3 stripping. The air flow rate, in the values evaluated (73, 96 and 120 L air.h(-1).L(-1) of leachate), did not influence the results.
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42
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Somathilake M, Hettiaratchi J. Struvite Formation in Leachate Recirculation Pipes of Bioreactor Landfills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5276/jswtm.2012.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Huiliñir C, Hernández S, Aspé E, Roeckel M. Simultaneous nitrate and organic matter removal from salmon industry wastewater: the effect of C/N ratio, nitrate concentration and organic load rate on batch and continuous process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 101:82-91. [PMID: 22406848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although simultaneous denitrification-anaerobic digestion has been studied extensively, the use of salmon effluents as organic matter source has received little attention. This study evaluated the effect of C/N ratio, nitrate concentration, and organic load rate (OLR) on simultaneous nitrate and organic matter removal using salmon effluents. The study was carried out in a batch reactor with suspended biomass at 37 °C and pH 7.5, and in continuous biofilm tubular reactors at 37 °C fed with a mixture of a synthetic substrate and a saline protein-rich salmon-plant effluent. The results of the batch and continuous experiments showed that nitrate abatement was greater than 95% at all the studied C/N ratios, without effect of the C/N ratio on NO(3)(-)-N transformation and ammonia production. An increase of nitrate concentration increased organic matter consumption as well as the hydrolytic rate. The organic matter reduction varied between 88% and 40% in the continuous process. For a continuous process, the increase of the OLR decreases the removal of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huiliñir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Mangimbulude JC, van Straalen NM, Röling WFM. Microbial nitrogen transformation potential in surface run-off leachate from a tropical landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:77-87. [PMID: 21880479 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is one of the major toxic compounds and a critical long-term pollutant in landfill leachate. Leachate from the Jatibarang landfill in Semarang, Indonesia, contains ammonium in concentrations ranging from 376 to 929mgNL(-1). The objective of this study was to determine seasonal variation in the potential for organic nitrogen ammonification, aerobic nitrification, anaerobic nitrate reduction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) at this landfilling site. Seasonal samples from leachate collection treatment ponds were used as an inoculum to feed synthetic media to determine potential rates of nitrogen transformations. Aerobic ammonium oxidation potential (<0.06mgNL(-1)h(-1)) was more than a hundred times lower than the anaerobic nitrogen transformation processes and organic nitrogen ammonification, which were of the same order of magnitude. Anaerobic nitrate oxidation did not proceed beyond nitrite; isolates grown with nitrate as electron acceptor did not degrade nitrite further. Effects of season were only observed for aerobic nitrification and anammox, and were relatively minor: rates were up to three times higher in the dry season. To completely remove the excess ammonium from the leachate, we propose a two-stage treatment system to be implemented. Aeration in the first leachate pond would strongly contribute to aerobic ammonium oxidation to nitrate by providing the currently missing oxygen in the anaerobic leachate and allowing for the growth of ammonium oxidisers. In the second pond the remaining ammonium and produced nitrate can be converted by a combination of nitrate reduction to nitrite and anammox. Such optimization of microbial nitrogen transformations can contribute to alleviating the ammonium discharge to surface water draining the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubhar C Mangimbulude
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jl Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
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45
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Ismail T, Tarek D, Mejdi S, Amira BY, Murano F, Neyla S, Naceur J. Cascade bioreactor with submerged biofilm for aerobic treatment of Tunisian landfill leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7700-7706. [PMID: 21703853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A bioreactor cascade with a submerged biofilm is proposed to treat young landfill leachate of jbel chakir landfill site south west from capital Tunis, Tunisia. The prototype was run under different organic loading charges varying from 0.6 to 16.3 kg TOC m(-3)day(-1). Without initial pH adjustment total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate varied between 65% and 97%. The total reduction of COD reached 92% at a hydraulic retention time of 36 h. However, the removal of total kjeldahl nitrogen for loading charges of 0.5 kg Nm(-3)day(-1) reached 75%. The adjustment of pH to 7.5 improved nitrogen removal to a rate of 85% for loading charge of 1 kg Nm(-3)day(-1). The main bacterial groups responsible for a simultaneous removal of organic carbon and nitrogen belonged to Bacillus, Actinomyces, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera. These selected isolates showed a great capacity of degradation at different leachate concentrations of total organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trabelsi Ismail
- Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment, University of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunis, Tunisia.
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46
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Wang Y, Pelkonen M, Kaila J. Cost-saving biological nitrogen removal from strong ammonia landfill leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2011; 29:797-806. [PMID: 21382875 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x10394911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an improved management mode in Ämmässuo landfill (Finland) for leachate ammonium-nitrogen removal, to minimize the leachate management costs and secure compliance with the uptrend requirements of regulations for on-site leachate management. With a single sequential batch simulation reactor, the minimum C/N ratio was detected as 1.7 (adjusted by external carbon addition), to achieve the acceptable removal efficiency of 99, 62 and 74% in NH( 4)-N, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. Both total nitrogen removal and efficiency of carbon use were correlated with an increasing NO(-) (2) /NO(-) (x) ratio indicating higher performance with denitrification via nitrite. It was estimated that the leachate management cost could be reduced by 28 to 38%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Lahti Center, School of Science and Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Huiliñir C, Aspé E, Roeckel M. Modeling of the denitrification/anaerobic digestion process of salmon fishery wastewater in a biofilm tubular reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:1591-1608. [PMID: 21320744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The literature has paid scarce attention to the modeling of the denitrification-anaerobic digestion process in packed bed biofilm tubular reactors used to treat wastewater. The present study obtained a steady-state model for industrial salmon fishery wastewater treatment in a biofilm tubular reactor, including pH as a variable and the effect of biomass on hydrolysis. The axial profile of the reactor components and process efficiency were predicted with deviations below 6%. The optimal operating zone for the process was found at hydraulic retention time (HRT)>1.5d and inlet protein concentration (S(prot,0))<3000 mgTOCL(-1). Based on our results, we concluded that the removal of organic matter and nitrogen compounds depended mainly on HRT. The effluent pH was mainly affected by the C/N ratio, where a decrease increases pH. Organic matter removal was related with the anaerobic digestion process, while denitrification influenced mostly nitrate and nitrite removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Huiliñir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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48
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Ağdağ ON. Characterization and treatment of Denizli landfill leachate using anaerobic hybrid/aerobic CSTR systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:699-711. [PMID: 21879545 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.510538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Leachate generated in municipal solid waste landfill contains large amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the scope of the study, characterization and anaerobic/aerobic treatability of leachate from Denizli (Turkey) Sanitary Landfill were investigated. Time-based fluctuations in characteristics of leachate were monitored during a one-year period. In characterization study; chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids, total nitrogen, NH4-N, BOD5/COD ratio, suspended solid, inert COD, anaerobic toxicity assay and heavy metals concentrations in leachate were monitored. Average COD, BOD and NH4-N concentration in leachate were measured as 18034 mg/l, 11504 mg/l and 454 mg/l, respectively. Generally, pollution parameters in leachate were higher in summer and relatively lower in winter due to dilution by precipitation. For treatment of leachate, two different reactors, namely anaerobic hybrid and aerobic completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) having effective volumes of 17.7 and 10.5 litres, respectively, were used. After 41 days of start-up period, leachate was loaded to hybrid reactor at 10 different organic loading rates (OLRs). OLR was increased by increasing COD concentrations. COD removal efficiency of hybrid reactor was carried out at a maximum of 91%. A percentage of 96% of residual COD was removed in the aerobic reactor. NH4-N removal rate in CSTR was quite high. In addition, high methane content was obtained as 64% in the hybrid reactor. At the end of the study, after 170 operation days, it can be said that the hybrid reactor and CSTR were very effective for leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Nuri Ağdağ
- Pamukkale University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Eng. Department, Kinikli Campus, 20020 Denizli, Turkey.
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Lai TM, Dang HV, Nguyen DD, Yim S, Hur J. Wastewater treatment using a modified A2O process based on fiber polypropylene media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:1068-1074. [PMID: 21762009 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.590382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The removal rates of organics and nutrients in municipal wastewater were examined using a laboratory-scale Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic (A2O) process modified with fiber polypropylene media at different operational conditions. The system demonstrated excellent performance with the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) ranging from 91% to 98%, from 48% to 63%, and from 56% to 71%, respectively. Our system was superior to those previously reported based on more complex biofilm reactors, particularly from an economic point of view. For our system, a considerable reduction of COD (55%-68%) occurred even in the anaerobic reactor. The removal rates of COD and nutrients exhibited a slight decreasing trend with a higher organic loading rate (OLR) (0.5 to 2.2 kg COD m(-3) day(-1)) or with a shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results may be attributed to the competition between nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria and/or the insufficient time for biological uptake. It is expected that applying fiber polypropylene media to a conventional A2O process may significantly enhance the treatment efficacy of organics and nutrients as a cost-effective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien M Lai
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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Effects of temperature on purification of eutrophic water by floating eco-island system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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