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Biological Health Markers Associated with Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows during Lactation Period. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030405. [PMID: 36984846 PMCID: PMC10051964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize and present different biological health markers in dairy cows during the lactation period. Biochemical health markers provide an indicator of how foreign chemical substances, whether external or internal, affect the animal’s health. To understand the relationship between dairy cow health issues and oxidative stress, various biomarkers of oxidative stress must be investigated. Biochemical and hematological factors play a significant role in determining the biological health markers of animals. A variety of biochemical parameters are dependent on various factors, including the animal’s breed, its age, its development, its pregnancy status, and its production status. When assessing the health of cattle, a blood test is conducted to determine the blood chemistry. To diagnose diseases in dairy animals, the blood biochemistry is necessary to determine the cause of many physiological, metabolic, and pathological problems. Observing blood alterations during pregnancy and at peak lactation may determine what factors lift oxidative stress in cows due to disturbances in feed intake and metabolic processes.
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Empowering Melatonin Therapeutics with Drosophila Models. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040067. [PMID: 34698120 PMCID: PMC8544433 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a central regulator of cell and organismal function as well as a neurohormone involved in several processes, e.g., the regulation of the circadian rhythm, sleep, aging, oxidative response, and more. As such, it holds immense pharmacological potential. Receptor-mediated melatonin function mainly occurs through MT1 and MT2, conserved amongst mammals. Other melatonin-binding proteins exist. Non-receptor-mediated activities involve regulating the mitochondrial function and antioxidant cascade, which are frequently affected by normal aging as well as disease. Several pathologies display diseased or dysfunctional mitochondria, suggesting melatonin may be used therapeutically. Drosophila models have extensively been employed to study disease pathogenesis and discover new drugs. Here, we review the multiple functions of melatonin through the lens of functional conservation and model organism research to empower potential melatonin therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative and renal diseases.
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Millet-Boureima C, He S, Le TBU, Gamberi C. Modeling Neoplastic Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3918. [PMID: 33920158 PMCID: PMC8070407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) share several characteristics, including neoplastic cell growth, kidney cysts, and limited therapeutics. As well, both exhibit impaired vasculature and compensatory VEGF activation of angiogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways play important roles in regulating cystic and tumor cell proliferation and growth. Both RCC and ADPKD result in hypoxia, where HIF-α signaling is activated in response to oxygen deprivation. Primary cilia and altered cell metabolism may play a role in disease progression. Non-coding RNAs may regulate RCC carcinogenesis and ADPKD through their varied effects. Drosophila exhibits remarkable conservation of the pathways involved in RCC and ADPKD. Here, we review the progress towards understanding disease mechanisms, partially overlapping cellular and molecular dysfunctions in RCC and ADPKD and reflect on the potential for the agile Drosophila genetic model to accelerate discovery science, address unresolved mechanistic aspects of these diseases, and perform rapid pharmacological screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Millet-Boureima
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Stephanie He
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
- Haematology-Oncology Research Group, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA
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Cyst Reduction by Melatonin in a Novel Drosophila Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225477. [PMID: 33238462 PMCID: PMC7700119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes progressive cystic degeneration of the renal tubules, the nephrons, eventually severely compromising kidney function. ADPKD is incurable, with half of the patients eventually needing renal replacement. Treatments for ADPKD patients are limited and new effective therapeutics are needed. Melatonin, a central metabolic regulator conserved across all life kingdoms, exhibits oncostatic and oncoprotective activity and no detected toxicity. Here, we used the Bicaudal C (BicC) Drosophila model of polycystic kidney disease to test the cyst-reducing potential of melatonin. Significant cyst reduction was found in the renal (Malpighian) tubules upon melatonin administration and suggest mechanistic sophistication. Similar to vertebrate PKD, the BicC fly PKD model responds to the antiproliferative drugs rapamycin and mimics of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). Melatonin appears to be a new cyst-reducing molecule with attractive properties as a potential candidate for PKD treatment.
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Chattopadhyay D, Thirumurugan K. Longevity promoting efficacies of different plant extracts in lower model organisms. Mech Ageing Dev 2018. [PMID: 29526449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Past investigations have shown that various plant extracts are capable of promoting longevity in lower model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bombyx mori etc. Longevity studies on such organisms provide a foundation to explore anti-aging efficacies of such plant extracts in higher organisms. Plant extracts of acai palm, apple, asparagus, blueberry, cinnamon, cocoa, Damnacanthus, maize, milk thistle, mistletoe, peach, pomegranate, Rhodiola, rose, Sasa, turmeric, and Withania have extended lifespan in lower model organisms via diverse mechanisms like insulin like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Knowledge of pathways altered by the extracts can be investigated as potential drug-targets for natural anti-aging interventions. Thus, the aim of the review is to scrutinize longevity promoting efficacies of various plant extracts in lower model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chattopadhyay
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Subala SP, Zubero EE, Alatorre-Jimenez MA, Shivakumar MS. Pre-treatment with melatonin decreases abamectin induced toxicity in a nocturnal insect Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:76-85. [PMID: 28886429 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress is an important component of the mechanism of pesticide toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time-dependent melatonin effects against abamectin-induced oxidative stress in a S.litura model. Larvae were divided into 5 different groups; (1) control group,(2) Melatonin group (4.3×10-5M/100ml diet), (3) Abamectin group 1.5ml/L, (4) Pre-melatonin treated group (PM) (4.3×10-5M/100ml diet) before abamectin exposure 1.5ml/L, (5) Post-melatonin treated group (TM) after abamectin exposure. Melatonin was supplemented via artificial diet in PM and TM animals during 24h. MAIN METHODS Midgut, fatbody, and hemolymph, were collected for the analysis of oxidative stress markers (Total ROS, GSH, nitrite, TBARS, LPO), antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, GST, CAT, POX, APOX) in fifth instar larvae. Midgut damage was examined by using morphological analysis. KEY FINDINGS Our results observed that ABA group showed significant changes (p<0.001) in the ROS and carbonyl content in midgut. The increase of antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT, POX, and APOX) in midgut was led by the continuous free radical scavenger cascade of melatonin. Significant (p<0.01) increases in CAT and APOX levels were seen in the fatbody of PM and TM treated insects. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that abamectin toxicity generates oxidative stress in the insect, while pre-melatonin treatment reduces this damage due to its antioxidant properties, especially POX levels in midgut, fatbody, and hemolymph. Therefore, indoleamine can play a vital role curtailing the abamectin toxicity in time dependent manner in S.litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian P Subala
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 36011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eduardo E Zubero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Moises A Alatorre-Jimenez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA
| | - Muthugounder S Shivakumar
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 36011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Güney Ş, Cumaoğlu A, Öztürk G, Akbulut KG, Karasu Ç. Comparison of Melatonin Effect on Oxidant Status and Antioxidant Capacity in Liver and Heart of Young and Aged Rats. INT J GERONTOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Pan WG, Jiang SP, Luo P, Gao P, Chen B, Bu HT. Extracts from the roots of Incarvillea younghusbandii on antioxidant effects and life span prolonging in Drosophila melanogaster. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 10:48-52. [PMID: 23302531 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate antioxidant activities and life span prolonging effects of the extracts from the roots of Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague, and to study the correlations between these activities and the polar intensity of the extracts. METHOD Five extracts (IYS1, IYS2, IYS3, IYS4 and YS5) with different polar intensity were prepared. Antioxidant activities in vitro were determined by LPO inhibitory and free radicals scavenging experiments. Life span prolonging effects in vivo were evaluated by feeding Drosophila melanogaster. RESULT Total phenolic content in extracts were solvent-dependent and decreased in the order of IYS4 > IYS1 >> IYS3 > IYS5 > IYS2. Organic extracts (IYS1 and IYS4) showed excellent LPO inhibitory activity, O(2)(· -) and ·OH scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid (or benzoic acid, or BHT), while aqueous extracts (IYS2, IYS3 and IYS5) did not. The antioxidant activities (in vitro) were solvent dependent and decreased in the order of IYS4 > IYS1 > IYS3 > IYS5 ≥ IYS2. Drosophila melanogaster was fed with organic extracts (IYS1 or IYS4) at 5.0 mg mL(-1). The mean life span were increased by 24.4% (IYS1) or 23.0% (IYS4) in female and 15.3% (IYS1) or 16.9% (IYS4) in male; the maximum life span were increased by 8.4% (IYS1) or 11.2% (IYS4) in female and 9.7% (IYS1) or 15.8% (IYS4) in male, and the survival curves were significantly shifted to the right after fifteen days in both sexes survival period. Feeding aqueous extracts (IYS2, IYS3 or IYS5) at 5.0 mg·mL(-1), the significant life span prolonging effects were not achieved. The life span prolonging effects of the extracts were solvent-dependent and decreased in the order of IYS4 ≥ IYS1 >> IYS3 > IYS2 > IYS5. CONCLUSION Extracts from the roots of Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague showed excellent antioxidant activities and significant life span prolonging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Positive correlations existed between the antioxidant activities and total phenolic content. Life span prolonging effect was positively correlated with the total phenolic content or antioxidant activities. The extracts possess better life span prolonging effect in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Gao Pan
- Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530001, China
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Khavinson VK, Solov’ev AY, Zhilinskii DV, Shataeva LK, Vanyushin BF. Epigenetic aspects of peptide-mediated regulation of aging. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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PAN WG, JIANG SP, LUO P, GAO P, CHEN B, BU HT. Extracts from the roots of Incarvillea younghusbandii on antioxidant effects and life span prolonging in. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2012.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Weisman NY, Men’shchikova EB, Zenkov NK, Kandalintseva NV, Golubovsky MD. Effect of phenol inducing antioxidant responsive element on D. melanogaster lifespan. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Spindler SR. Caloric restriction: from soup to nuts. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:324-53. [PMID: 19853062 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), reduced protein, methionine, or tryptophan diets; and reduced insulin and/or IGFI intracellular signaling can extend mean and/or maximum lifespan and delay deleterious age-related physiological changes in animals. Mice and flies can shift readily between the control and CR physiological states, even at older ages. Many health benefits are induced by even brief periods of CR in flies, rodents, monkeys, and humans. In humans and nonhuman primates, CR produces most of the physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical changes it produces in other animals. In primates, CR provides protection from type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, immunological decline, malignancy, hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis and failure, sarcopenia, inflammation, and DNA damage. It also enhances muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, affords neuroprotection; and extends mean and maximum lifespan. CR rapidly induces antineoplastic effects in mice. Most claims of lifespan extension in rodents by drugs or nutrients are confounded by CR effects. Transcription factors and co-activators involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism, including SirT1, PGC-1alpha, AMPK and TOR may be involved in the lifespan effects of CR. Paradoxically, low body weight in middle aged and elderly humans is associated with increased mortality. Thus, enhancement of human longevity may require pharmaceutical interventions.
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Weisman NY, Golubovsky MD, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Pashin VN. Variability of the antioxidant effect on survival: Modeling in drosophila lines with different lifespan and lgl-tumor suppressor dosage. BIOL BULL+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359010030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Paredes SD, Korkmaz A, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Fuentes-Broto L, Reiter RJ. The changing biological roles of melatonin during evolution: from an antioxidant to signals of darkness, sexual selection and fitness. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2009; 85:607-23. [PMID: 20039865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a molecule present in a multitude of taxa and may be ubiquitous in organisms. It has been found in bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, macroalgae, fungi, plants and animals. A primary biological function of melatonin in primitive unicellular organisms is in antioxidant defence to protect against toxic free radical damage. During evolution, melatonin has been adopted by multicellular organisms to perform many other biological functions. These functions likely include the chemical expression of darkness in vertebrates, environmental tolerance in fungi and plants, sexual signaling in birds and fish, seasonal reproductive regulation in photoperiodic mammals, and immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity in all vertebrates tested. Moreover, its waning production during aging may indicate senescence in terms of a bio-clock in many organisms. Conversely, high melatonin levels can serve as a signal of vitality and health. The multiple biological functions of melatonin can partially be attributed to its unconventional metabolism which is comprised of multi-enzymatic, pseudo-enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. As a result, several bioactive metabolites of melatonin are formed during its metabolism and some of the presumed biological functions of melatonin reported to date may, in fact, be mediated by these metabolites. The changing biological roles of melatonin seem to have evolved from its primary function as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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The extended life span of Drosophila melanogaster eye-color (white and vermilion) mutants with impaired formation of kynurenine. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 117:23-6. [PMID: 19941150 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies suggest that aging is associated with increased formation of kynurenine (KYN) from tryptophan (TRY). The rate-limiting factors of TRY-KYN metabolism are transmembrane transport of TRY, and activity of enzyme, TRY 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Eye-color mutants, white (w1118) (impaired TRY transport) and vermilion (v48a and v2) (deficient TDO activity), were compared with wild-type Oregon-R (Ore-R) strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Female 1-day-old adult flies maintained on a standard medium, and acclimatized to 12-h light:12-h dark cycle were collected, and then regularly transferred to fresh medium every 3-4 days. The number of dead flies was recorded at the time of transfer. Forty flies were studied in each experimental group. The life span of w1118 (mean = 45.5 days), and v48a (mean = 47.6 days) and v2 (mean = 43.8 days), were significantly longer than of wild-type Ore-R flies (27.1 days) (p < 0.001, Logrank test). There were no differences in life span between w1118 and v48a and v2 mutants. Present results suggest that prolongation of life span may be associated with slow rate of KYN formation from TRY.
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Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology 2009; 11:139-49. [PMID: 19830585 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The review comprises the results of author's long-term investigation in the mechanisms of aging and a role of peptide bioregulators in prevention of age-related pathology. A number of small peptides have been isolated from different organs and tissues and their analogues (di-, tri-, tetrapeptides) were synthesized from the amino acids. It was shown that long-term treatment with some peptide preparations increased mean life span by 20-40%, slow down the age-related changes in the biomarkers of aging and suppressed development of spontaneous and induced by chemical or radiation carcinogens tumorigenesis in rodents. Possible mechanisms of the biological effects of small peptides are discussed in the paper. The results of clinical applications of peptide preparation during the period of 6-12 years are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Leningradskaya Str. 68, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Oztürk G, Akbulut KG, Afrasyap L. Age-related changes in tissue and plasma zinc levels: modulation by exogenously administered melatonin. Exp Aging Res 2008; 34:453-62. [PMID: 18726755 DOI: 10.1080/03610730802271922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is synthesized mainly in the pineal gland and derived from 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements in the body. Zn and MEL levels are changed with aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes of tissue and plasma Zn levels and effect of MEL administration on these parameters. Male wistar rats received for 3 weeks subcutaneous injection of MEL (10 mg/kg). Kidney and pancreas Zn levels in old rats were significantly lower than middle-aged group. Spleen, small intestine, and plasma Zn levels were not different in middle-aged and old rats. On the other hand, MEL treatment increased Zn levels of small intestine and plasma in middle-aged rats. However, kidney, spleen, and pancreas Zn levels were unaffected by MEL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güler Oztürk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Suzuki T, Takashima T, Izawa N, Watanabe M, Takeda M. UV radiation elevates arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 54:1168-1174. [PMID: 18634790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammals, where melatonin plays the role of a ROS scavenger. The melatonin synthetic enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is a significant element in a possible ROS removal system. Changes in NAT activity and melatonin content were determined in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae by irradiating it with monochromatic light using the Okazaki Large Spectrograph at the National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan. The NAT activity and melatonin content were suppressed by blue light (450nm). No effects of red light (650nm) on the NAT activity and melatonin content were observed. UV radiation had intensity-dependent dual effects on the NAT activity and melatonin content. In the UV-B (300nm) treatment, the NAT activity and melatonin content were suppressed at the intensity below 1micromolm(-2)s(-1) but elevated when the intensity was as high as 10micromolm(-2)s(-1). In the UV-A (350nm) treatment, the melatonin content was elevated when the intensity was as high as 10micromolm(-2)s(-1), though the NAT activity and melatonin content were suppressed at the intensity below 10 and 1micromolm(-2)s(-1), respectively. Elevation of the NAT activity and melatonin content by high intensity UV irradiation may indicate that the UV signals initiate melatonin synthesis for ROS removal in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokko-dai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Pan W, Jiang S, Luo P, Wu J, Gao P. Isolation, purification and structure identification of antioxidant compound from the roots ofIncarvillea younghusbandiiSprague and its life span prolonging effect inDrosophila melanogaster. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:719-25. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nogués MR, Giralt M, Romeu M, Mulero M, Sánchez-Martos V, Rodríguez E, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Mallol J. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes and plasma of senescence-accelerated mice. J Pineal Res 2006; 41:142-9. [PMID: 16879320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that oxidative stress is a feature of aging. The goal of the present study was to assess the oxidant effects related to aging and the protective role of exogenous melatonin in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Two groups of SAMP8 mice (males and females) were compared with their respective control groups of SAMR1 mice (senescence-resistant inbred strain) to determine their oxidative status without melatonin treatment. Four other groups of the same characteristics were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water. The melatonin concentration in the feeding bottles was titrated according to water consumption and body weight (i.e. 0.06 mg/mL for 30 g of body weight and 5 mL/day of water consumption). The treatment began when animals were 1-month old and continued for 9 months. When mice were 10-month old, they were anesthetized and blood was obtained. Plasma and erythrocytes were processed to examine oxidative stress markers: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and hemolysis. The results showed greater oxidative stress in SAMP8 than in SAMR1, largely because of a decrease in GSH levels and to an increase in GSSG and TBARS with the subsequent induction of the antioxidant enzymes GPX and GR. Melatonin, as an antioxidant molecule, improved the glutathione-related parameters, prevented the induction of GPX in senescent groups, and promoted a decrease in SOD and TBARS in almost all the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosa Nogués
- Unit of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
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Anisimov VN, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Anisimov SV, Vesnushkin GM, Vinogradova IA. Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:573-89. [PMID: 16678784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the pineal indole hormone melatonin on the life span of mice, rats and fruit flies has been studied using various approaches. It has been observed that in female CBA, SHR, SAM and transgenic HER-2/neu mice long-term administration of melatonin was followed by an increase in the mean life span. In rats, melatonin treatment increased survival of male and female rats. In D. melanogaster, supplementation of melatonin to nutrient medium during developmental stages produced contradictory results, but and increase in the longevity of fruit flies has been observed when melatonin was added to food throughout the life span. In mice and rats, melatonin is a potent antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin alone turned out neither toxic nor mutagenic in the Ames test and revealed clastogenic activity at high concentration in the COMET assay. Melatonin has inhibited mutagenesis and clastogenic effect of a number of indirect chemical mutagens. Melatonin inhibits the development of spontaneous and 7-12-dimethlbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- or N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rodents; colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats, N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix and vagina in mice; benzo(a)pyrene-induced soft tissue carcinogenesis and lung carcinogenesis induced by urethan in mice. To identify molecular events regulated by melatonin, gene expression profiles were studied in the heart and brain of melatonin-treated CBA mice using cDNA gene expression arrays (15,247 and 16,897 cDNA clone sets, respectively). It was shown that genes controlling the cell cycle, cell/organism defense, protein expression and transport are the primary effectors for melatonin. Melatonin also increased the expression of some mitochondrial genes (16S, cytochrome c oxidases 1 and 3 (COX1 and COX3), and NADH dehydrogenases 1 and 4 (ND1 and ND4)), which agrees with its ability to inhibit free radical processes. Of great interest is the effect of melatonin upon the expression of a large number of genes related to calcium exchange, such as Cul5, Dcamkl1 and Kcnn4; a significant effect of melatonin on the expression of some oncogenesis-related genes was also detected. Thus, we believe that melatonin may be used for the prevention of premature aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia.
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Mylnikov SV, Kokko HI, Kärenlampi SO, Oparina TI, Davies HV, Stewart D. Rubus fruit juices affect lipid peroxidation in a Drosophila melanogaster model in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:7728-33. [PMID: 16190624 DOI: 10.1021/jf051303l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of red cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) juice correlates well with its phenolic content. The red berries have a markedly higher content of anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives, than that found in the more common yellow fruit. Conversely, the yellow juice has higher ellagitannin content. A feeding study was conducted to show the in vivo effects of the juices on lipid peroxidation in a sensitive Drosophila melanogaster stock. In young female flies there were significant (P < 0.01) effects of cloudberry juice on lipid peroxidation. In young male flies significant (P < 0.05) effects were found on primary products (hydroxyperoxides) with yellow juice and on secondary products (ketodienes) with red juice. With the red juice, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in ketodienes was found in both young and old males. This study demonstrates that the effects of berry antioxidants on lipid peroxidation are easily and rapidly tested in vivo with the sensitive Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Mylnikov
- Department of Genetics, St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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Lithgow GJ, Gill MS, Olsen A, Sampayo JN. Pharmacological intervention in invertebrate aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 27:213-23. [PMID: 23598654 PMCID: PMC3458493 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-005-3625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew S. Gill
- The Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Anders Olsen
- The Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945 USA
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Cui X, Wang L, Zuo P, Han Z, Fang Z, Li W, Liu J. D-galactose-caused life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica is associated with oxidative stress. Biogerontology 2005; 5:317-25. [PMID: 15547319 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-004-2570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose causes aging acceleration in different animal models but the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of D-galactose on lifespan and oxidative stress biomarkers in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and housefly (Musca domestica). D-galactose was added to drinking water (20 mg/ml) for housefly and to culture medium (6.5%) for fruit fly from 24 h after emergence. Oxidative stress was estimated by measuring the activity of Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the levels of lipid peroxidation products, namely malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin in housefly brain (male) and in fruit fly (male and female). D-galactose caused a significant decrease in mean lifespan (by 12.6% of male and 15.9% of female) and maximum lifespan (by 12.9% of male and 17.1% of female) in fruit fly, and also a significant decrease in mean lifespan (by 27.1% of male, 19.8% of female) and maximum lifespan (by 27.1% of male, 21.9% of female) in housefly. MDA and lipofuscin increased with age in fruit fly and in housefly brains while change of the SOD activity showed a biphasic shape with age. D-galactose caused a significant increase in MDA and lipofuscin and decrease in SOD activity in the age-matched fruit flies and houseflies. These data indicate that D-galactose shortens the lifespan of the two different fly species and that the life shortening effect is associated with an increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cui
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan Santiao, Beijing 100005, China
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26
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Abstract
Genetic and environmental interventions that extend life span are a current focus in research on the biology of aging. Most of this work has focused on differences among genotypes and species. A recent study on fruit flies shows that life span extension because of dietary restriction can be highly sex-specific. Here we review the literature on sex-specific effects of 56 genetic and 41 environmental interventions that extend life span in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that only one-sixth of the experiments provided statistical tests of differences in response between males and females, suggesting that sex-specific effects have been largely ignored. When measured, the life span extension was female-biased in 8 of 16 cases, male-biased in 5 of 16 cases, and not significantly different in only 3 of 16 cases. We discuss possible explanations for the sex-specific differences and suggest various ways in which we might test these hypotheses. We argue that understanding sex differences in the response to life span-extending manipulations should lead to new insights about the basic mechanisms that underlie the biology of aging in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep M S Burger
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7223, USA. @uga.edu
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27
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Abstract
The results of studies on the effect of pineal indole hormone melatonin on the life span of mice, rats, fruit flies, and worms are critically reviewed. In mice, long-term administration of melatonin was followed by an increase in their life span in 12 experiments and had no effect in 8 of 20 different experiments. In D. melanogaster, the supplementation of melatonin to the nutrient medium during developmental stages gave contradictory results, but when melatonin was added to food throughout the life span, an increase in the longevity of fruit flies has been observed. Melatonin decreased the survival of C. elegans but increased the clonal life span of planaria Paramecium tertaurelia. Available data suggest antioxidant and atherogenic effects of melatonin. Melatonin alone turned out to be neither toxic nor mutagenic in the Ames test and revealed clastogenic activity in high concentration in the COMET assay. Melatonin inhibits mutagenesis induced by irradiation and by indirect chemical mutagens and inhibits the development of spontaneous and chemical-induced tumors in mice and rats. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to verify that melatonin is both safe and has geroprotector efficacy for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, NN Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia.
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28
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether a peptide fraction isolated from calf pineal glands has an effect on proliferation and morphology of HeLa S3 tumor cells. Under the experimental conditions adopted, the results showed that the peptide has a marked inhibitory effect on proliferation of HeLa S3 cells and that permeabilization with calcium phosphate of the plasmatic membrane increases this effect. Moreover, the pineal peptide affects the cytoskeletal morphology of HeLa cells by modifying the distribution of actin. The peptide is probably internalized by the cells and irreversibly modifies the cytoskeletal morphology with consequent inhibition of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrelli Cristina
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Cellulare e Animale, Università di Camerino, Via Camerini n. 5, (MC) 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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Bonilla E, Medina-Leendertz S, Díaz S. Extension of life span and stress resistance of Drosophila melanogaster by long-term supplementation with melatonin. Exp Gerontol 2002; 37:629-38. [PMID: 11909680 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the free radical theory of aging, free radicals are involved in the production of changes in cellular metabolism that lead to a time-dependent functional decline in all living beings. Consequently, antioxidant and/or free radicals scavengers may retard the aging process. We explored the effect of melatonin on the life span of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon wild strain). It was presumed that given the antioxidant and free radicals scavenger properties of melatonin, this hormone would prevent oxidative damage to the fly tissues and slow down the process of aging. Melatonin, added daily to the nutrition medium at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, increased significantly the life span of D. melanogaster. The maximum life span was 61.2 days in controls and 81.5 days in melatonin fed flies. Relative to the controls, the percentage increase in the melatonin fed flies was 33.2% in maximum life span, 19.3% in the onset of 90% mortality, and 13.5% in median life span. Furthermore, in a test of superoxide mediated toxicity it was shown that melatonin treatment increased the resistance of D. melanogaster to paraquat. Finally, the augmented resistance to an ambient temperature of 36 degrees C was also a demonstration of the antioxidative protection provided by the hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Bonilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Dr Américo Negrette, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Apartado Postal 1151 Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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Anisimov VN, Zavarzina NY, Zabezhinski MA, Popovich IG, Zimina OA, Shtylick AV, Arutjunyan AV, Oparina TI, Prokopenko VM, Mikhalski AI, Yashin AI. Melatonin increases both life span and tumor incidence in female CBA mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56:B311-23. [PMID: 11445596 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/56.7.b311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From the age of 6 months until their natural deaths, female CBA mice were given melatonin with their drinking water (20 mg/l) for 5 consecutive days every month. Intact mice served as controls. The results of this study show that the consumption of melatonin did not significantly influence food consumption, but it did increase the body weight of older mice; it did not influence physical strength or the presence of fatigue; it decreased locomotor activity and body temperature; it inhibited free radical processes in serum, brain, and liver; it slowed down the age-related switching-off of estrous function; and it increased life span. However, we also found that treatment with the used dose of melatonin increased spontaneous tumor incidence in mice. For this reason, we concluded that it would be premature to recommend melatonin as a geroprotector for long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Anisimov
- N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Abstract
A significant increase in the number of old people in the populations of developed countries was followed by an increase in morbidity and mortality resulting from main age-related diseases -- cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative, diabetes mellitus, decrease in resistance to infections. Obviously, the development of the means of prevention of the premature aging of humans is crucial for the realization of this program. However, data available on such kind of means are rather scarce, contradictory and are often not reliable from the points of view of the adequacy of the experiments to current scientific requirements as well as the interpretation of the results and safety. Data available on the increase in life span and the adverse effects of the following geroprotectors were critically analyzed: antioxidants, chelate agents and lathyrogens, succinate, adaptogens and herbs, neurotropic drugs, inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, glucocorticoids, dehydroepiandrosterone, sex and growth hormones, melatonin, pineal peptide preparations, protein inhibitors, antidiabetic biguanides, thymic hormones and peptides, immunomodulators, enteroadsorbents, lypofuscin inhibitors, as well as calorie intake restriction and special diets. Most of the available results were insufficient and could not provide convincing evidence for the life span extension and the safety of the suggested geroprotectors. Drugs and means prolonging the life span could be subdivided into three groups: (a) geroprotectors prolonging the life span equally in all the members of the population: these postponed the beginning of the population's aging; (b) geroprotectors decreasing the mortality rate in a long-lived subpopulation, which raised their maximal life span: these slowed down the population's aging rate; (c) geroprotectors increasing the survival rate in a short-lived subpopulation without changes in the maximal life span: in this case, the aging rate increased. There was a high positive correlation between the type of geroprotector-induced aging delay and the pattern of tumour development in the same population of animals. The first type of geroprotectors did not influence the incidence of tumour but increased tumour latency. The second type of geroprotectors was effective both in the inhibition of spontaneous carcinogenesis and the increase in tumour latency. Certain drugs of the third type raised tumour incidence in the exposed populations. According to the multistage model, geroprotectors either inhibit or accelerate the passage of carcinogen-exposed cells form one stage to another. Thus, the efficacy of geroprotectors as preventive means of cancer development will decrease with respect to the age of exposure onset. Recommendations of the available drugs and means of life span increase should be carefully reconsidered under the international scientific control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Anisimov
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Aging, Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, 68 Leningradskaya Street, 197758 St. Petersburg , Russian Federation.
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Abstract
Free radicals produced during normal metabolism cause damage to macromolecules. The free radical theory of aging proposes that the organism is unable to repair all of them and that, with time, unrepaired damages accumulate and put the organism at risk: in other words, free radicals provoke aging and death. This article reviews both the results of adding antioxidants to food on longevity in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the studies on antioxidant enzymes (inactivation in vivo, null mutants, overexpression). It is concluded that antioxidant enzymes are probably poorly connected to the normal aging process, but they allow the organism to cope with stressful conditions.
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Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Mikhalski AI, Yashin AI. Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2001; 122:41-68. [PMID: 11163623 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fifty female CBA mice were injected s.c. either with 0.1 ml saline, or with synthetic thymic dipeptide Lys-Glu or with synthetic pineal tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly both in a single dose of 0.1 microg/animal monthly for five consecutive days from the age of 6 months until natural death. Lys-Glu did not significantly influence the body weight and food consumption, free radical processes and estrus function in mice and did increase their physical activity with the subsequent decrease in spontaneous lung adenomas incidence. The pineal peptide treatment was failed to modify the food consumption and physical strength of mice, and was followed by the increase in the body weight, mean survival (by 5.3%, P<0.05) and maximum (by 10 months), by slow down of the ageing of estrus function, by the decrease in body temperature, physical activity, free radical processes and spontaneous tumor incidence (mainly, lung adenomas) in mice. These data suggest the geroprotector potential of the pineal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Anisimov
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 3, pr. Dynamo, 197110, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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34
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Khavinson VK, Izmaylov DM, Obukhova LK, Malinin VV. Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 120:141-9. [PMID: 11087911 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The geroprotector activity of epitalon, a synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, was studied on the Drosophila melanogaster wild strain Canton-S. The substance was added to the culture medium only at the developmental stage (from egg to larva). Epitalon significantly increased the lifespan (LS) of imagoes by 11-16% when applied at unprecedented low concentrations-from 0.001 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture medium for males and from 0.01 x 10(-6) to 0.1 x 10(-6) wt.% of culture medium for females. The increase in LS did not depend on the substance dose. Effective concentrations of epitalon were 16,000-80,000,000 times lower than those of melatonin. The possible mechanisms of the antioxidant and regulatory effects of epitalon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Khavinson
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, North-West Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 3 Prospect Dynamo, 197110, St. Petersburg, Russia
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35
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Sohal RS, Mockett RJ, Orr WC. Current issues concerning the role of oxidative stress in aging: a perspective. Results Probl Cell Differ 2000; 29:45-66. [PMID: 10838694 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-48003-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The main tenet of the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging is that accrual of molecular oxidative damage is the principal causal factor in the senescence-related loss of ability to maintain homeostasis. This hypothesis has garnered a considerable amount of supportive correlational evidence, which is now being extended experimentally in transgenic Drosophila over-expressing antioxidative defense enzymes. Some of these studies have reported extensions of life span, while others have not. Interpretation of life spans in poikilotherms is complicated by a number of factors, including the interrelationship between metabolic rate and longevity. The life spans of poikilotherms can be extended multi-fold by reducing the metabolic rate but without affecting the metabolic potential, i.e., the total amount of energy expended during life. A hypometabolic state in poikilotherms also enhances stress resistance and activities of antioxidative enzymes. It is emphasized that extension of life span without simultaneously increasing metabolic potential is of questionable biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Sohal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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36
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Izmailov DM, Obukhova LK. Melatonin as a geroprotector: Experiments withDrosophila melanogaster. Bull Exp Biol Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02433110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Izmaylov DM, Obukhova LK. Geroprotector effectiveness of melatonin: investigation of lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 106:233-40. [PMID: 10100152 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The lifespan (LS) of Drosophila melanogaster was studied under the effect of melatonin at a concentration of 0.08% selected in preliminary experiments. The compound was introduced into a culture medium only at the stage of development. An inverse relationship was observed between the change in LS after the impact of the preparation and the value of LS in the corresponding control group (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient R = -0.83, P < 0.02). For a relatively low LS in a population from which the control and experimental groups were formed, the geroprotector effect of melatonin is the most distinct; for a relatively high LS, the effect of the hormone is either not detected or appears as a toxic reduction in LS (up to 10%) in the experimental group. Such nonuniform effects of melatonin are connected with fluctuating changes in viability in successive generations of D. melanogaster. The antioxidant mechanism of the geroprotector effect is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Izmaylov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
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38
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Anisimov VN, Mylnikov SV, Khavinson VK. Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 103:123-32. [PMID: 9701766 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with pineal peptide preparation epithalamin was followed by the increase of the mean lifespan of female D. melanogaster, SHR mice, C3H/Sn mice and LIO rats by 11-31% (P < 0.05). Ninety percent mortality as well as maximum lifespan were increased in fruit flies, C3H/Sn mice and rats. Mortality rate was decreased by 52% in D. melanogaster, by 52% in rats, by 27% in C3H/Sn mice. It did not change in SHR mice exposed to epithalamin. Treatment with the pineal peptide increased MRDT in flies, C3H/Sn mice and rats. It has been shown that epithalamin increased synthesis and secretion of melatonin in rats and inhibits free radical processes in rats and in D. melanogaster. It is suggested that antioxidative properties of epithalamin lead to increased lifespan of three different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Anisimov
- Laboratory of Experimental Tumors, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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