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Guidara M, Yaich H, Amor IB, Fakhfakh J, Gargouri J, Lassoued S, Blecker C, Richel A, Attia H, Garna H. Effect of extraction procedures on the chemical structure, antitumor and anticoagulant properties of ulvan from Ulva lactuca of Tunisia coast. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117283. [PMID: 33278949 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of extraction procedures on chemical composition, structural, antitumor and anticoagulant properties of the sulphated polysaccharide 'ulvan' from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca were investigated. The structural features of ulvans were carried out by FTIR and by one- and two- dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic. The ulvans were mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose, and uronic acid. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that ulvans were constituted of (1→4)-β-glucuronic acid, (1→3,4)-α-L-rhamnose-3-sulphate and (1→4)-α-xylose. The extraction procedures effect were observed in chemical structure, Mw and biological activities. Cytotoxic activity of enzymatic-chemical extract on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) (IC50 = 1000 μg/mL) was higher than on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes cells (PBL). Acid extracts promoted to reduce HeLa cells and to grow PBL cells. At high concentrations, acid extracts showed the highest APTT and TT clotting time. Antitumoral and anticoagulant activities of ulvans from Ulva lactuca promote their use as effective therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Guidara
- Laboratoire de Valorisation, Analyses et Sécurité des Aliments, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hela Yaich
- Laboratoire de Valorisation, Analyses et Sécurité des Aliments, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ben Amor
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Sfax, Route El-Ain Km 0.5, CP 3003 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances section), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5; P.O. Box 1171; 3000; Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Gargouri
- Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine de Sfax, Route El-Ain Km 0.5, CP 3003 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Lassoued
- Unité de Biotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route de Soukra, BP 1175, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Unité de Science des Aliments et Formulation, Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro - Bio Tech, passage des Déportés, 2 - 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Unité de Chimie Biologique Industrielle, Université de Liège - Gembloux Agro - Bio Tech, passage des Déportés, 2 - 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratoire de Valorisation, Analyses et Sécurité des Aliments, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haikel Garna
- Laboratoire de Valorisation, Analyses et Sécurité des Aliments, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Route de Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Valorisation des Bio-Géo-Ressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, BP-66, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
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Modification of ulvans via periodate-chlorite oxidation: Chemical characterization and anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:631-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nogueira AV, Drehmer DL, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR. Biological and structural analyses of bovine heparin fractions of intermediate and high molecular weight. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:72-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Anticoagulant therapy: basic principles, classic approaches and recent developments. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013; 23:482-93. [PMID: 22732252 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e328355c9cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The standard multipotent anticoagulants (unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins, antagonists of vitamin K) are commonly used for treatment and/or prophylaxis of different thrombotic complications, such as deep vein thrombosis, thrombophilia, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and so on. Advantages and shortcomings of these anticoagulants are considered. The modern tendencies to use small selective direct inhibitors of thrombin or factor Xa are surveyed. The search of the new targets in the coagulation cascade for development of new promising anticoagulants and improvement in antithrombotic therapy is discussed.
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Gunnarsson GT, Desai UR. Exploring new non-sugar sulfated molecules as activators of antithrombin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:679-83. [PMID: 12639557 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New non-sugar, small, sulfated molecules, based on our de novo rationally designed activator (-)-epicatechin sulfate (ECS), were investigated to bind and activate antithrombin, an inhibitor of plasma coagulation enzyme factor Xa. For the activators studied, the equilibrium dissociation constant (K(D)) of the interaction with plasma antithrombin varies nearly 53-fold, with the highest affinity of 1.8 microM observed for morin sulfate, while the acceleration in factor Xa inhibition varies 2.6-fold. The results demonstrate that antithrombin binding and activation is a common property of these small sulfated molecules and suggests plausible directions for designing more potent activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar T Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, PO Box 980540, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
Clinically used anticoagulants are inhibitors of enzymes involved in the coagulation pathway, primarily thrombin and factor Xa. These agents can be either direct or indirect inhibitors of clotting enzymes. Heparin-based anticoagulants are indirect inhibitors that enhance the proteinase inhibitory activity of a natural anticoagulant, antithrombin. Despite its phenomenal success, current anticoagulation therapy suffers from the risk of serious bleeding. The need for safer and more effective antithrombotic agents clearly exists. The past decade has seen enormous effort directed toward discovering and/or designing new molecules with anticoagulant activity. These new molecules can be classified into (a). antithrombin and its mutants, (b). natural polysaccharides, (c). synthetic modified heparins and heparin-mimics, (d). synthetic oligosaccharides, and (e). synthetic non-sugar antithrombin activators. This review focuses on these efforts in designing or discovering new molecules that act through the antithrombin pathway of anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, USA.
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Gunnarsson GT, Desai UR. Designing small, nonsugar activators of antithrombin using hydropathic interaction analyses. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1233-43. [PMID: 11881992 DOI: 10.1021/jm020012q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformational activation of antithrombin is a critical mechanism for the inhibition of factor Xa, a proteinase of the blood coagulation cascade, and is typically achieved with heparin, a polyanionic polysaccharide clinically used for anticoagulation. Although numerous efforts have been directed toward the design of better activators, a fundamental tenet of these studies has been the assumed requirement of an oligo- or a polysaccharide backbone. We demonstrate here a concept that small nonsaccharidic nonpolymeric molecules may be rationally designed to interact with and activate antithrombin for enhanced inhibition of factor Xa. The rational design strategy is based on a study of complexes of natural and mutant antithrombins with heparin-based oligosaccharides using hydropathic interaction (HINT) technique, a quantitative computerized tool for analysis of molecular interactions. A linear correlation was observed between the free energy of binding for antithrombinminus signoligosaccharide complexes and the HINT score over a wide range of approximately 13 kcal/mol, indicating strong predictive capability of the HINT technique. Using this approach, a small, nonsugar, aromatic molecule, (minus sign)-epicatechin sulfate (ECS), was designed to mimic the nonreducing end trisaccharide unit DEF of the sequence specific heparin pentasaccharide DEFGH. HINT suggested a comparable antithrombin-binding geometry and interaction profile for ECS and trisaccharide DEF. Biochemical studies indicated that ECS binds antithrombin with equilibrium dissociation constants of 10.5 and 66 microM at pH 6.0, I 0.025, and pH 7.4, I 0.035, respectively, that compare favorably with 2 and 80 microM observed for the natural activator DEF. ECS accelerates the antithrombin inhibition of factor Xa nearly 8-fold demonstrating for the first time that conformational activation of antithrombin is feasible with appropriately designed small nonsugar organic molecules. The results present unique opportunities for de novo activator design based on this first-generation lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar T Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, P.O. Box 980540, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Thromb Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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