1
|
Dinius A, Müller H, Kellhammer D, Deffur C, Schmideder S, Hammel JU, Krull R, Briesen H. 3D imaging and analysis to unveil the impact of microparticles on the pellet morphology of filamentous fungi. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:3128-3143. [PMID: 38943490 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of filamentous fungi is crucial to improve the performance of fungal bioprocesses. Microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) increases productivity, most likely by changing the fungal morphology. However, due to a lack of appropriate methods, the exact impact of the added microparticles on the structural development of fungal pellets is mostly unexplored. In this study synchrotron radiation-based microcomputed tomography and three-dimensional (3D) image analysis were applied to unveil the detailed 3D incorporation of glass microparticles in nondestructed pellets of Aspergillus niger from MPEC. The developed method enabled the 3D analysis based on 375 pellets from various MPEC experiments. The total and locally resolved volume fractions of glass microparticles and hyphae were quantified for the first time. At increasing microparticle concentrations in the culture medium, pellets with lower hyphal fraction were obtained. However, the total volume of incorporated glass microparticles within the pellets did not necessarily increase. Furthermore, larger microparticles were less effective than smaller ones in reducing pellet density. However, the total volume of incorporated glass was larger for large microparticles. In addition, analysis of MPEC pellets from different times of cultivation indicated that spore agglomeration is decisive for the development of MPEC pellets. The developed 3D morphometric analysis method and the presented results will promote the general understanding and further development of MPEC for industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henri Müller
- School of Life Sciences, Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Diana Kellhammer
- School of Life Sciences, Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Charlotte Deffur
- School of Life Sciences, Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life Sciences, Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences, Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fomina M, Gromozova O, Gadd GM. Morphological responses of filamentous fungi to stressful environmental conditions. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 129:115-169. [PMID: 39389704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The filamentous growth mode of fungi, with its modular design, facilitates fungal adaptation to stresses they encounter in diverse terrestrial and anthropogenic environments. Surface growth conditions elicit diverse morphological responses in filamentous fungi, particularly demonstrating the remarkable adaptability of mycelial systems to metal- and mineral-rich environments. These responses are coupled with fungal biogeochemical activity and can ameliorate hostile conditions. A tessellated agar tile system, mimicking natural environmental heterogeneity, revealed negative chemotropism to toxic metals, distinct extreme growth strategies, such as phalanx and guerrilla movements and transitions between them, and the formation of aggregated re-allocation structures (strands, cords, synnemata). Other systems showed intrahyphal growth, intense biomineralization, and extracellular hair-like structures. Studies on submerged mycelial growth, using the thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris as an example, provided mechanistic insights into the morphogenesis of two extreme forms of fungal submerged culture-pelleted and dispersed growth. It was found that the development of fungal pellets was related to fungal adaptation to unfavorable stressful conditions. The two key elements affecting morphogenesis leading to the formation of either pelleted or dispersed growth were found to be (1) a lag phase (or conidia swelling stage) as a specific period of fungal morphogenesis when a certain growth form is programmed in response to morphogenic stressors, and (2) cAMP as a secondary messenger of cell signaling, defining the implementation of the particular growth strategy. These findings can contribute to knowledge of fungal-based biotechnologies, providing a means for controllable industrial processes at both morphological and physiological levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fomina
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Gromozova
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dinter C, Gumprecht A, Menze MA, Azizan A, Niehoff PJ, Hansen S, Büchs J. Validation of computational fluid dynamics of shake flask experiments at moderate viscosity by liquid distributions and volumetric power inputs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3658. [PMID: 38351095 PMCID: PMC10864319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has recently become a pivotal tool in the design and scale-up of bioprocesses. While CFD has been extensively utilized for stirred tank reactors (STRs), there exists a relatively limited body of literature focusing on CFD applications for shake flasks, almost exclusively concentrated on fluids at waterlike viscosity. The importance of CFD model validation cannot be overstated. While techniques to elucidate the internal flow field are necessary for model validation in STRs, the liquid distribution, caused by the orbital shaking motion of shake flasks, can be exploited for model validation. An OpenFOAM CFD model for shake flasks has been established. Calculated liquid distributions were compared to suitable, previously published experimental data. Across a broad range of shaking conditions, at waterlike and moderate viscosity (16.7 mPa∙s), the CFD model's liquid distributions align excellently with the experimental data, in terms of overall shape and position of the liquid relative to the direction of the centrifugal force. Additionally, the CFD model was used to calculate the volumetric power input, based on the energy dissipation. Depending on the shaking conditions, the computed volumetric power inputs range from 0.1 to 7 kW/m3 and differed on average by 0.01 kW/m3 from measured literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Dinter
- RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gumprecht
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Amizon Azizan
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sven Hansen
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Straße 1, 45772, Marl, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Müller H, Deffur C, Schmideder S, Barthel L, Friedrich T, Mirlach L, Hammel JU, Meyer V, Briesen H. Synchrotron radiation-based microcomputed tomography for three-dimensional growth analysis of Aspergillus niger pellets. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3244-3260. [PMID: 37475650 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a wide range of relevant biotechnological compounds. The close relationship between fungal morphology and productivity has led to a variety of analytical methods to quantify their macromorphology. Nevertheless, only a µ-computed tomography (µ-CT) based method allows a detailed analysis of the 3D micromorphology of fungal pellets. However, the low sample throughput of a laboratory µ-CT limits the tracking of the micromorphological evolution of a statistically representative number of submerged cultivated fungal pellets over time. To meet this challenge, we applied synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microtomography at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [German Electron Synchrotron Research Center], resulting in 19,940 3D analyzed individual fungal pellets that were obtained from 26 sampling points during a 48 h Aspergillus niger submerged batch cultivation. For each of the pellets, we were able to determine micromorphological properties such as number and density of spores, tips, branching points, and hyphae. The computed data allowed us to monitor the growth of submerged cultivated fungal pellets in highly resolved 3D for the first time. The generated morphological database from synchrotron measurements can be used to understand, describe, and model the growth of filamentous fungal cultivations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Müller
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Charlotte Deffur
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Barthel
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiaan Friedrich
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lukas Mirlach
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Overbeck A, Michel S, Kampen I, Kwade A. Temperature influence on the compression and breakage behaviour of yeast cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad089. [PMID: 37528062 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology uses microbial cells to produce a wide range of products. While the genetic and molecular properties of these organisms are well understood, less is known about their mechanical properties. Previous work has established a test procedure for single yeast cells using a nanoindentation instrument equipped with a flat-punch probe, which allows single cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to be compressed between two parallel surfaces. The resulting force-displacement curves clearly showed the bursting of the cells and were used to determine characteristics such as burst force and burst energy. Other studies have investigated the influence of growth conditions and measurement conditions on the mechanical characteristics. The recent study examined the mechanical characteristics according to the temperature during compression. Temperature from 0°C to 25°C has no significant effect on the micromechanical properties. Increasing the temperature up to 35°C causes a reduction in the strength of the cells. At even higher temperatures, up to 50°C, the burst force and burst energy increase significantly. A deformation geometry model was used to calculate the cell wall tensile strength as a function of temperature. The results of these studies may facilitate the identification of efficient conditions for cell disruption and product recovery in downstream biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Overbeck
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Michel
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Kampen
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Straße 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kheirkhah T, Neubauer P, Junne S. Controlling Aspergillus niger morphology in a low shear-force environment in a rocking-motion bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
7
|
Dinius A, Kozanecka ZJ, Hoffmann KP, Krull R. Intensification of bioprocesses with filamentous microorganisms. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many industrial biotechnological processes use filamentous microorganisms to produce platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Product formation is directly linked to their cellular morphology ranging from dispersed mycelia over loose clumps to compact pellets. Therefore, the adjustment and control of the filamentous cellular morphology pose major challenges for bioprocess engineering. Depending on the filamentous strain and desired product, optimal morphological shapes for achieving high product concentrations vary. However, there are currently no overarching strain- or product-related correlations to improve process understanding of filamentous production systems. The present book chapter summarizes the extensive work conducted in recent years in the field of improving product formation and thus intensifying biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. The goal is to provide prospective scientists with an extensive overview of this scientifically diverse, highly interesting field of study. In the course of this, multiple examples and ideas shall facilitate the combination of their acquired expertise with promising areas of future research. Therefore, this overview describes the interdependence between filamentous cellular morphology and product formation. Moreover, the currently most frequently used experimental techniques for morphological structure elucidation will be discussed in detail. Developed strategies of morphology engineering to increase product formation by tailoring and controlling cellular morphology and thus to intensify processes with filamentous microorganisms will be comprehensively presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Zuzanna J. Kozanecka
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Kevin P. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Recent Advances in Chitin Biosynthesis Associated with the Morphology and Secondary Metabolite Synthesis of Filamentous Fungi in Submerged Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020205. [PMID: 36836319 PMCID: PMC9967639 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by filamentous fungi are used extensively in the food and drug industries. With the development of the morphological engineering of filamentous fungi, numerous biotechnologies have been applied to alter the morphology of fungal mycelia and enhance the yields and productivity of target metabolites during submerged fermentation. Disruption of chitin biosynthesis can modify the cell growth and mycelial morphology of filamentous fungi and regulate the biosynthesis of metabolites during submerged fermentation. In this review, we present a comprehensive coverage of the categories and structures of the enzyme chitin synthase, chitin biosynthetic pathways, and the association between chitin biosynthesis and cell growth and metabolism in filamentous fungi. Through this review, we hope to increase awareness of the metabolic engineering of filamentous fungal morphology, provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of morphological control via chitin biosynthesis, and describe strategies for the application of morphological engineering to enhance the production of target metabolites in filamentous fungi during submerged fermentation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Timoumi A, Nguyen TC, Le T, Kraiem H, Cescut J, Anne-Archard D, Gorret N, Molina-Jouve C, To KA, Fillaudeau L. Comparison of methods to explore the morphology and granulometry of biological particles with complex shapes: Interpretation and limitations. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Boruta T, Antecka A. Co-cultivation of filamentous microorganisms in the presence of aluminum oxide microparticles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5459-5477. [PMID: 35906994 PMCID: PMC9418094 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the approaches of submerged co-cultivation and microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) were combined and evaluated over the course of three case studies. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus was co-cultivated with Penicillium rubens, Streptomyces rimosus, or Cerrena unicolor in shake flasks with or without the addition of aluminum oxide microparticles. The influence of microparticles on the production of lovastatin, penicillin G, oxytetracycline, and laccase in co-cultures was compared with the effects recorded for the corresponding monocultures. In addition, the quantitative analyses of morphological parameters, sugars consumption, and by-products formation were performed. The study demonstrated that the influence of microparticles on the production of a given molecule in mono- and co-culture may differ considerably, e.g., the biosynthesis of oxytetracycline was shown to be inhibited due to the presence of aluminum oxide in "A. terreus vs. S. rimosus" co-cultivation variants but not in S. rimosus monocultures. The differences were also observed regarding the morphological characteristics, e.g., the microparticles-induced changes of projected area in the co-cultures and the corresponding monocultures were not always comparable. In addition, the study showed the importance of medium composition on the outcomes of MPEC, as exemplified by lovastatin production in A. terreus monocultures. Finally, the co-cultures of A. terreus with a white-rot fungus C. unicolor were described here for the first time. KEY POINTS: • Aluminum oxide affects secondary metabolites production in submerged co-cultures. • Mono- and co-cultures are differently impacted by the addition of aluminum oxide. • Effect of aluminum oxide on metabolites production depends on medium composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boruta
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 93-005, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Antecka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 93-005, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaverra-Muñoz L, Hüttel S. Optimization of the production process for the anticancer lead compound illudin M: process development in stirred tank bioreactors. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:145. [PMID: 35843931 PMCID: PMC9290264 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal natural products illudin S and M have been investigated as precursors for the development of semisynthetic anticancer agents such as Irofulven (illudin S derivative) which is currently in phase II clinical trials. Recently, illudin M derivatives have shown improved in vitro selectivity towards cancer cells encouraging further investigation. This requires a stable supply of the precursor which is produced by Basidiomycota of the genus Omphalotus. We have recently reported a robust shake flask process for the production of gram quantities of illudin M from Omphalotus nidiformis aiming to transfer that process into stirred tank bioreactors, which can be used in a commercial production set-up. However, process transfer across different systems is not straightforward and particularly challenging when the producer is morphologically complex. There are only a few reports that address the development of bioprocesses for the production of compounds from Basidiomycota as these organisms have not been extensively studied because of their complex life cycles and often are difficult to cultivate under laboratory conditions. RESULTS The recently developed shake flask process delivering stable titers of ~ 940 mg L-1 of illudin M was investigated using off-gas analysis to identify critical parameters which facilitated the transfer from shaken into stirred tank bioreactors. Comparable titers to the shake flask process were achieved in 2 L stirred tank bioreactors (1.5 L working volume) by controlling growth of biomass with a carefully timed pH-shift combined with an improved precursor-feeding strategy. A scale-up experiment in a 15 L bioreactor (10 L working volume), resembling the process at 1.5 L resulted in 523 mg L-1 and is the starting point for optimization of the identified parameters at that scale. CONCLUSION By identifying and controlling key process parameters, the production process for illudin M was transferred from shake flasks into 2 L stirred tank bioreactors reaching a comparable titer (> 900 mg L-1), which is significantly higher than any previously reported. The insights obtained from 10 L scale pave the way towards further scale-up studies that will enable a sustainable supply of illudin M to support preclinical and clinical development programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillibeth Chaverra-Muñoz
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Müller H, Barthel L, Schmideder S, Schütze T, Meyer V, Briesen H. From spores to fungal pellets: a new high throughput image analysis highlights the structural development of Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2182-2195. [PMID: 35477834 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Many filamentous fungi are exploited as cell factories in biotechnology. Cultivated under industrially relevant submerged conditions, filamentous fungi can adopt different macromorphologies ranging from dispersed mycelia over loose clumps to pellets. Central to the development of a pellet morphology is the agglomeration of spores after inoculation followed by spore germination and outgrowth into a pellet population which is usually very heterogeneous. As the dynamics underlying population heterogeneity are not yet fully understood, we present here a new high-throughput image analysis pipeline based on stereomicroscopy to comprehensively assess the developmental program starting from germination up to pellet formation. To demonstrate the potential of this pipeline, we used data from 44 sampling times harvested during a 48 h submerged batch cultivation of the fungal cell factory Aspergillus niger. The analysis of up to 1700 spore agglomerates and 1500 pellets per sampling time allowed the precise tracking of the morphological development of the overall culture. The data gained were used to calculate size distributions and area fractions of spores, spore agglomerates, spore agglomerates within pellets, pellets, and dispersed mycelia. This approach eventually enables the quantification of culture heterogeneities and pellet breakage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Müller
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Barthel
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Freising, Germany
| | - Tabea Schütze
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adsul MG, Dixit P, Saini JK, Gupta RP, Ramakumar SSV, Mathur AS. Morphologically favorable mutant of Trichoderma reesei for low viscosity cellulase production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2167-2181. [PMID: 35470437 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite production by filamentous fungi hampered because of high viscosity generated during growth. Low viscosity fermentation by mold is one of the preferred ways of large scale enzymes production. Cellulolytic enzymes play a key role during the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. In this study a mutant RC-23-1 was isolated through mutagenesis (diethyl sulfate followed by UV) of T. reesei RUT-C30. RC-23-1 not only gave higher cellulase production but also generated lower viscosity during enzyme production. Viscosity of mutant growth was more than three times lower than parent strain. RC-23-1 shows unique, yeast like colony morphology on solid media and small pellet like growth in liquid media. This mutant did not spread like mold on solid media. This mutant produces cellulases constitutively when grown in sugars. Using only glucose, the cellulase production was 4.1 FPU/ml. Among polysaccharides (avicel, xylan and pectin), avicel gave maximum of 6.2 FPU/ml and pretreated biomass (rice straw, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse) produced 5.1-5.8 FPU/ml. At 7L scale reactor, fed-batch process was designed for cellulase production using different carbon and nitrogen sources. Maximum yield of cellulases was 182 FPU/g of lactose consumed was observed in fed-batch process. The produced enzyme used for hydrolysis of acid pretreated rice straw (20% solid loading) and maximum of 60 % glucan conversion was observed. RC-23-1 mutant is good candidate for large scale cellulase production and could be a model strain to study mold to yeast-like transformation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukund G Adsul
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Pooja Dixit
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Jitendra K Saini
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fungal morphology: a challenge in bioprocess engineering industries for product development. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Increasing-Aeration Strategy: a Practical Approach to Enhance the Schizophyllan Production and Improve the Operational Conditions of Schizophyllum commune Cultivation in the Stirred Tank and Bubble Column Bioreactors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2284-2300. [PMID: 35099723 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of employing the increasing- aeration strategy (IAS) in the oxygen-limited situation and proportionate to increasing oxygen demand of the fungus Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) has been investigated in both stirred tank (STB) and bubble column (BCB) bioreactors. The purpose was to enhance schizophyllan (SPG) production by preventing oxygen starvation, improve mixing conditions of pseudoplastic culture, and intensify shear stress on fungus pellets to release SPG. At first, a constant-aeration rate of 0.08 vvm was implemented in both bioreactors to evaluate the new strategy compared to the previously studied methods. In the second set of experiments with IAS, along with the increasing oxygen demand of culture, the inlet airflow was increased gradually, while the dissolved oxygen (DO) was maintained higher than zero and below 1%. Using IAS in STB significantly raised productivity by about 100% in 96 h from 0.035 to 0.073 g/L.h. Also, employing this strategy in BCB led to a 30% increase in the maximum SPG production from 3.2 to 4.2 g/L. IAS can effectively help handle the operation of S. commune cultivation on a large scale by improving mixing conditions, mass transfer, and shear stress in both bioreactor types. This method had a significant impact on STB cultivation and its productivity so that it can be a practical approach to SPG's industrial production.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tong LL, Wang Y, Du YH, Yuan L, Liu MZ, Mu XY, Chen ZL, Zhang YD, He SJ, Li XJ, Guo DS. Transcriptomic Analysis of Morphology Regulatory Mechanisms of Microparticles to Paraisaria dubia in Submerged Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4333-4347. [PMID: 35083705 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid submerged fermentation is an effective strategy to achieve large-scale production of active ingredients by macrofungi, and controlling mycelium morphology is a key factor restricting the development of this technology. Mining for superior morphological regulatory factors and elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms are vital for the further development of macrofungal fermentation technology. In this study, microparticles were used to control the morphology of Paraisaria dubia (P. dubia) in submerged fermentation, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms were revealed by transcriptomic. The relative frequency of S-type pellet diameter increased significantly from 7.14 to 88.31%, and biomass increased 1.54 times when 15 g/L talc was added. Transcriptome analysis showed that the morphological regulation of filamentous fungi was a complex biological process, which involved signal transduction, mycelium polar growth, cell wall synthesis and cell division, etc. It also showed a positive impact on the basic and secondary metabolism of P. dubia. We provided a theoretical basis for controlling the mycelium morphology of P. dubia in submerged fermentation, which will promote the development of macrofungal fermentation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Zhen Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ya Mu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Lei Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie He
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, No. 80, Changjiang Road, Nanyang, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prospects of using bioactive compounds in nanomaterials surface decoration and their biomedical purposes. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-021-00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Ichikawa H, Miyazawa K, Komeiji K, Susukida S, Zhang S, Muto K, Orita R, Takeuchi A, Kamachi Y, Hitosugi M, Yoshimi A, Shintani T, Kato Y, Abe K. Improved recombinant protein production in Aspergillus oryzae lacking both α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan in batch culture with a lab-scale bioreactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:39-45. [PMID: 34627690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used as production hosts for various commercially valuable enzymes and chemicals including organic acids and secondary metabolites. We previously revealed that α-1,3-glucan and galactosaminogalactan (GAG) contribute to hyphal aggregation in the industrial fungus Aspergillus oryzae, and that production of recombinant protein in shake-flask culture is higher in a mutant lacking both α-1,3-glucan and GAG (AGΔ-GAGΔ) than in the parental strain. Here, we compared the productivity of the wild type, AGΔ-GAGΔ, and mutants lacking α-1,3-glucan (AGΔ) or GAG (GAGΔ) in batch culture with intermittent addition of glucose in a 5-L lab-scale bioreactor. The hyphae of the wild type and all mutants were dispersed by agitation, although the wild type and AGΔ formed small amounts of aggregates. Although mycelial weight was similar among the strains, the concentration of a secreted recombinant protein (CutL1) was the highest in AGΔ-GAGΔ. Evaluation of fluid properties revealed that the apparent viscosities of mycelial cultures of the wild type and AGΔ-GAGΔ decreased as the agitation speed was increased. The apparent viscosity of the AGΔ-GAGΔ culture tended to be lower than that of the wild-type strain at each agitation speed, and was significantly lower at 600 rpm. Overall, the lack of α-1,3-glucan and GAG in the hyphae improved culture rheology, resulting in an increase in recombinant protein production in AGΔ-GAGΔ. This is the first report of flow behavior improvement by a cell-surface component defect in a filamentous fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keisuke Komeiji
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shunya Susukida
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Silai Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioindustrial Genomics, Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Muto
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Orita
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ayumu Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamachi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hitosugi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Laboratory of Environmental Interface Technology of Filamentous Fungi, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; ABE-Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shintani
- Laboratory of Bioindustrial Genomics, Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Chemical Equipment Mfg., Ltd., 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
| | - Keietsu Abe
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan; ABE-Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Microbial Resources, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meyer V, Cairns T, Barthel L, King R, Kunz P, Schmideder S, Müller H, Briesen H, Dinius A, Krull R. Understanding and controlling filamentous growth of fungal cell factories: novel tools and opportunities for targeted morphology engineering. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2021; 8:8. [PMID: 34425914 PMCID: PMC8383395 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-021-00115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungal cell factories are efficient producers of platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Stirred-tank bioreactors up to a scale of several hundred m³ are commonly used for their cultivation. Fungal hyphae self-assemble into various cellular macromorphologies ranging from dispersed mycelia, loose clumps, to compact pellets. Development of these macromorphologies is so far unpredictable but strongly impacts productivities of fungal bioprocesses. Depending on the strain and the desired product, the morphological forms vary, but no strain- or product-related correlations currently exist to improve
process understanding of fungal production systems. However, novel genomic, genetic, metabolic, imaging and modelling tools have recently been established that will provide fundamental new insights into filamentous fungal growth and how it is balanced with product formation. In this primer, these tools will be highlighted and their revolutionary impact on rational morphology engineering and bioprocess control will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Timothy Cairns
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Barthel
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudibert King
- Chair of Measurement and Control, Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Kunz
- Chair of Measurement and Control, Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- Chair of Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor- Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Henri Müller
- Chair of Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor- Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Chair of Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor- Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schrinner K, Schrader M, Niebusch J, Althof K, Schwarzer FA, Nowka PF, Dinius A, Kwade A, Krull R. Macroparticle-enhanced cultivation of Lentzea aerocolonigenes: Variation of mechanical stress and combination with lecithin supplementation for a significantly increased rebeccamycin production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3984-3995. [PMID: 34196390 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes produces the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin. In previous studies the rebeccamycin production was significantly increased by the addition of glass beads during cultivation in different diameters between 0.5 and 2 mm and the induced mechanical stress by the glass beads was proposed to be responsible for the increased production. Thus, this study was conducted to be a systematic investigation of different parameters for macroparticle addition, such as bead diameter, concentration, and density (glass and ceramic) as well as shaking frequency, for a better understanding of the particle-induced stress on L. aerocolonigenes. The induced stress for optimal rebeccamycin production can be estimated by a combination of stress energy and stress frequency. In addition, the macroparticle-enhanced cultivation of L. aerocolonigenes was combined with soy lecithin addition to further increase the rebeccamycin concentration. With 100 g L-1 glass beads in a diameter of 969 µm and 5 g L-1 soy lecithin a concentration of 388 mg L-1 rebeccamycin was reached after 10 days of cultivation, which corresponds to the highest rebeccamycin concentrations achieved in shake flask cultivations of L. aerocolonigenes stated in literature so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schrinner
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcel Schrader
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Niebusch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Althof
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Friederike A Schwarzer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul-Frederik Nowka
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han S, Pan L, Zeng W, Yang L, Yang D, Chen G, Liang Z. Improved production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using a mutant strain of Aspergillus oryzae S719 overexpressing β-fructofuranosidase (FTase) genes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Leng L, Li W, Chen J, Leng S, Chen J, Wei L, Peng H, Li J, Zhou W, Huang H. Co-culture of fungi-microalgae consortium for wastewater treatment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:125008. [PMID: 33773267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of wastewater by microalgae has been studied and proved to be effective through previous studies. Due to the small size of microalgae, how to efficiently harvest microalgae from wastewater is a crucial factor restricting the development of algal technologies. Fungi-assisted microalgae bio-flocculation for microalgae harvesting and wastewater treatment simultaneously, which was overlooked previously, has attracted increasing attention in the recent decade due to its low cost and high efficiency. This review found that fungal hyphae and microalgae can stick together due to electrostatic neutralization, surface protein interaction, and exopolysaccharide adhesion in the co-culture process, realizing co-pelletization of microalgae and fungi, which is conducive to microalgae harvesting. Besides, the combination of fungi and microalgae has a complementary effect on pollutant removal from wastewaters. The co-culture of fungi-microalgae has excellent development prospects with both environmental and economic benefits, and it is expected to be applied on an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Haoyi Peng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Böl M, Schrinner K, Tesche S, Krull R. Challenges of influencing cellular morphology by morphology engineering techniques and mechanical induced stress on filamentous pellet systems-A critical review. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:51-67. [PMID: 33716605 PMCID: PMC7923580 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms are main producers of organic acids, enzymes, and pharmaceutical agents such as antibiotics and other active pharmaceutical ingredients. With their complex cell morphology, ranging from dispersed mycelia to dense pellets, the cultivation is challenging. In recent years, various techniques for tailor-made cell morphologies of filamentous microorganisms have been developed to increase product formation and have been summarised under the term morphology engineering. These techniques, namely microparticle-enhanced cultivation, macroparticle-enhanced cultivation, and alteration of the osmolality of the culture medium by addition of inorganic salts, the salt-enhanced cultivation, are presented and discussed in this review. These techniques have already proven to be useful and now await further proof-of-concept. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of individual pellets is of special interest for a general understanding of pellet mechanics and the productivity of biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. Correlating them with substrate uptake and finally with productivity would be a breakthrough not to be underestimated for the comprehensive characterisation of filamentous systems. So far, this research field is under-represented. First results on filamentous pellet mechanics are discussed and important future aspects, which the filamentous expert community should deal with, will be presented and critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and AdaptronicsTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Kathrin Schrinner
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Sebastian Tesche
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tesche S, Krull R. An image analysis method to quantify heterogeneous filamentous biomass based on pixel intensity values – Interrelation of macro- and micro-morphology in Actinomadura namibiensis. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Ayadi H, Frikha-Dammak D, Fakhfakh J, Chamkha M, Hassairi I, Allouche N, Sayadi S, Maalej S. The saltern-derived Paludifilum halophilum DSM 102817 T is a new high-yield ectoines producer in minimal medium and under salt stress conditions. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:533. [PMID: 33214980 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the growth conditions and accumulation of ectoines (ectoine and hydroxyectoine) by Paludifilum halophilum DSM 102817T under salt stress conditions have been investigated. The productivity assay of this strain for ectoines revealed that the highest cellular content was reached in the minimal glucose sea water medium (SW-15) within 15% salinity. The addition of 0.1% (w/v) aspartic acid to the medium allowed an average of four times higher biomass production, and a dry mycelial biomass of 1.76 g L-1 was obtained after 6 days of growth in shake flasks at 40 °C and 200 rpm. Among the inorganic cations supplemented to the glucose SW-15 medium, the addition of 1 mM Fe2+ yielded the highest amount of mycelial biomass (3.45 g L-1) and total ectoines content (119 mg g-1), resulting in about 410 mg L-1 of products at the end of exponential growth phase. After 1 h of incubation in an osmotic downshock solution containing 2% NaCl, 70% of this content was released by the mycelium, and recovering cells maintained a high survival, with a maximal growth rate (µ max) of about 93% of the control population exposed to 15% NaCl. During growth at optimal salinity and temperature (15% NaCl and 40 °C), P. halophilum developed a compact and circular pellets that were easy to separate by simple decantation from both fermentation media and after hypoosmotic shock. Overall, the ectoines excreting P. halophilum could be a promising resource for ectoines production in a commercially valuable culture medium and at a large-scale fermentation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ayadi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine et Environment (LR18ES/30), Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Donyez Frikha-Dammak
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine et Environment (LR18ES/30), Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Laboratore de Chimie Organique (LR17ES/08), Unité des Substances Naturelles, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratore des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ilem Hassairi
- Unité de Valorisation des résultats de la Recherche, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratore de Chimie Organique (LR17ES/08), Unité des Substances Naturelles, Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Maalej
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité Marine et Environment (LR18ES/30), Université de Sfax, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bliatsiou C, Schrinner K, Waldherr P, Tesche S, Böhm L, Kraume M, Krull R. Rheological characteristics of filamentous cultivation broths and suitable model fluids. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Schrinner K, Veiter L, Schmideder S, Doppler P, Schrader M, Münch N, Althof K, Kwade A, Briesen H, Herwig C, Krull R. Morphological and physiological characterization of filamentous Lentzea aerocolonigenes: Comparison of biopellets by microscopy and flow cytometry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234125. [PMID: 32492063 PMCID: PMC7269266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell morphology of filamentous microorganisms is highly interesting during cultivations as it is often linked to productivity and can be influenced by process conditions. Hence, the characterization of cell morphology is of major importance to improve the understanding of industrial processes with filamentous microorganisms. For this purpose, reliable and robust methods are necessary. In this study, pellet morphology and physiology of the rebeccamycin producing filamentous actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes were investigated by microscopy and flow cytometry. Both methods were compared regarding their applicability. To achieve different morphologies, a cultivation with glass bead addition (Ø = 969 μm, 100 g L-1) was compared to an unsupplemented cultivation. This led to two different macro-morphologies. Furthermore, glass bead addition increased rebeccamycin titers after 10 days of cultivation (95 mg L-1 with glass beads, 38 mg L-1 without glass beads). Macro-morphology and viability were investigated through microscopy and flow cytometry. For viability assessment fluorescent staining was used additionally. Smaller, more regular pellets were found for glass bead addition. Pellet diameters resulting from microscopy followed by image analysis were 172 μm without and 106 μm with glass beads, diameters from flow cytometry were 170 and 100 μm, respectively. These results show excellent agreement of both methods, each considering several thousand pellets. Furthermore, the pellet viability obtained from both methods suggested an enhanced metabolic activity in glass bead treated pellets during the exponential production phase. However, total viability values differ for flow cytometry (0.32 without and 0.41 with glass beads) and confocal laser scanning microscopy of single stained pellet slices (life ratio in production phase of 0.10 without and 0.22 with glass beads), which is probably caused by the different numbers of investigated pellets. In confocal laser scanning microscopy only one pellet per sample could be investigated while flow cytometry considered at least 50 pellets per sample, resulting in an increased statistical reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schrinner
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Veiter
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp Doppler
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcel Schrader
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nadine Münch
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristin Althof
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li L, Liang T, Liu W, Liu Y, Ma F. A Comprehensive Review of the Mycelial Pellet: Research Status, Applications, and Future Prospects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Taojie Liang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Wanmeng Liu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150020, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fitz E, Gamauf C, Seiboth B, Wanka F. Deletion of the small GTPase rac1 in Trichoderma reesei provokes hyperbranching and impacts growth and cellulase production. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:16. [PMID: 31641527 PMCID: PMC6798449 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is widely known for its enormous protein secretion capacity and as an industrially relevant producer of cellulases and hemicellulases. Over the last decades, rational strain engineering was applied to further enhance homologous and heterologous enzyme yields. The introduction of hyperbranching is believed to increase protein secretion, since most exocytosis is located at the hyphal apical tip. There are several genetic modifications which can cause hyperbranching, for example the deletion of the small Rho GTPase rac. Rac plays a crucial role in actin dynamics and is involved in polarisation of the cell during germination and apical extension of the hyphae. Results We deleted rac1 in a T. reesei strain with an ectopically overexpressed endoglucanase, CEL12A, under Pcdna1 control. This deletion provoked a hyperbranching phenotype and strong apolar growth during germination and in mature hyphae. The strains displayed dichotomous branching and shorter total mycelium length with a larger hyphal diameter. Δrac1 strains exhibited a decreased radial growth on solid media. Biomass formation in liquid cultures was carbon source dependent; similar to the reference strain during growth on lactose, increased on d-glucose and slightly enhanced on cellulose. While extracellular cellulase activities remained at parental strain levels on d-glucose and cellulose, the specific activity on lactose cultures was increased up to three times at 72 h accompanied by an upregulation of transcription of the main cellulases. Although the morphology of the Δrac1 strains was considerably altered, the viscosity of the culture broth in fed-batch cultivations were not significantly different in comparison to the parental strain. Conclusions Deletion of the small Rho GTPase rac1 changes the morphology of the hyphae and provokes hyperbranching without affecting viscosity, independent of the carbon source. In contrast, biomass formation and cellulase production are altered in a carbon source dependent manner in the Δrac1 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fitz
- 1Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gamauf
- 3Group Biotechnology, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- 1Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Wanka
- 2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tesche S, Rösemeier-Scheumann R, Lohr J, Hanke R, Büchs J, Krull R. Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for filamentous actinomycetes: Increased production of labyrinthopeptin A1 in Actinomadura namibiensis. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:781-794. [PMID: 32624971 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete Actinomadura namibiensis was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non-supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L-1 labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium- and sulfate-containing salts (e.g., NH4Cl, K2SO4) was much lower than the performance of (NH4)2SO4. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth-associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of A. namibiensis in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, was quantified by image analysis. A. namibiensis always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non-supplemented control, the morphology of (NH4)2SO4-supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tesche
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Rösemeier-Scheumann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jonas Lohr
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Hanke
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Papapostolou A, Karasavvas E, Chatzidoukas C. Oxygen mass transfer limitations set the performance boundaries of microbial PHA production processes – A model-based problem investigation supporting scale-up studies. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
32
|
The influence of salt-enhanced cultivation on the micromechanical behaviour of filamentous pellets. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Pommerehne K, Walisko J, Ebersbach A, Krull R. The antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin-challenges and advanced approaches in production processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3627-3636. [PMID: 30888461 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rebeccamycin is an antibiotic and antitumor substance isolated from the filamentous bacterium Lentzea aerocolonigenes. After its discovery, investigations of rebeccamycin focused on elucidating its structure, biological activity, and biosynthetic pathway. For potential medical application, a sufficient drug supply has to be ensured, meaning that the production process of rebeccamycin plays a major role. In addition to the natural production of rebeccamycin in L. aerocolonigenes, where the complex cell morphology is an important factor for a sufficient production, rebeccamycin can also be heterologously produced or chemically synthesized. Each of these production processes has its own challenges, and first approaches to production often lead to low final product concentrations, which is why process optimizations are performed. This review provides an overview of the production of rebeccamycin and the different approaches used for rebeccamycin formation including process optimizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pommerehne
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Walisko
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Ebersbach
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biological and chemical diversity go hand in hand: Basidiomycota as source of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107344. [PMID: 30738916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Basidiomycota constitutes the second largest higher taxonomic group of the Fungi after the Ascomycota and comprises over 30.000 species. Mycelial cultures of Basidiomycota have already been studied since the 1950s for production of antibiotics and other beneficial secondary metabolites. Despite the fact that unique and selective compounds like pleuromutilin were obtained early on, it took several decades more until they were subjected to a systematic screening for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. These efforts led to the discovery of the strobilurins and several hundreds of further compounds that mainly constitute terpenoids. In parallel the traditional medicinal mushrooms of Asia were also studied intensively for metabolite production, aimed at finding new therapeutic agents for treatment of various diseases including metabolic disorders and the central nervous system. While the evaluation of this organism group has in general been more tedious as compared to the Ascomycota, the chances to discover new metabolites and to develop them further to candidates for drugs, agrochemicals and other products for the Life Science industry have substantially increased over the past decade. This is owing to the revolutionary developments in -OMICS techniques, bioinformatics, analytical chemistry and biotechnological process technology, which are steadily being developed further. On the other hand, the new developments in polythetic fungal taxonomy now also allow a more concise selection of previously untapped organisms. The current review is dedicated to summarize the state of the art and to give an outlook to further developments.
Collapse
|
35
|
Application of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in Aspergillus terreus Cultivations: Evaluating the Effects on Lovastatin Production and Fungal Morphology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5832496. [PMID: 30733961 PMCID: PMC6348806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5832496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles were supplemented to Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 precultures and the outcomes of the process were evaluated relative to the results of microparticle-enhanced and standard cultivations. The selected morphological parameters of fungal pellets (projected area, elongation, convexity, and shape factor) were monitored throughout the experiment, together with biomass, lactose, and lovastatin concentration. The qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis was performed with the use of liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. The results of the study indicated that the application of nanoparticles was indeed associated with morphological consequences, most notably the decreased pellet size. However, it turned out that the term “nanoparticle-enhanced cultivation” could not be used in the context of lovastatin production, as no marked increase of product titer was observed in nanoparticle-influenced variants relative to standard and microparticle-enhanced cultivation. In addition, the concentration of biomass in the nanoparticle-influenced runs was relatively low. Comparative analysis of total ion chromatograms revealed the presence of a molecule of unknown structure that could be detected solely in broths from standard and microparticle-containing cultures. This study represents the first evaluation of nanoparticles as the tools of morphological engineering aimed at enhanced lovastatin biosynthesis in A. terreus cultures.
Collapse
|
36
|
Karahalil E, Coban HB, Turhan I. A current approach to the control of filamentous fungal growth in media: microparticle enhanced cultivation technique. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:192-201. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1531821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Karahalil
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bugra Coban
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rocking Aspergillus: morphology-controlled cultivation of Aspergillus niger in a wave-mixed bioreactor for the production of secondary metabolites. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:128. [PMID: 30129427 PMCID: PMC6102829 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Filamentous fungi including Aspergillus niger are cell factories for the production of organic acids, proteins and bioactive compounds. Traditionally, stirred-tank reactors (STRs) are used to cultivate them under highly reproducible conditions ensuring optimum oxygen uptake and high growth rates. However, agitation via mechanical stirring causes high shear forces, thus affecting fungal physiology and macromorphologies. Two-dimensional rocking-motion wave-mixed bioreactor cultivations could offer a viable alternative to fungal cultivations in STRs, as comparable gas mass transfer is generally achievable while deploying lower friction and shear forces. The aim of this study was thus to investigate for the first time the consequences of wave-mixed cultivations on the growth, macromorphology and product formation of A. niger. Results We investigated the impact of hydrodynamic conditions on A. niger cultivated at a 5 L scale in a disposable two-dimensional rocking motion bioreactor (CELL-tainer®) and a BioFlo STR (New Brunswick®), respectively. Two different A. niger strains were analysed, which produce heterologously the commercial drug enniatin B. Both strains expressed the esyn1 gene that encodes a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase ESYN under control of the inducible Tet-on system, but differed in their dependence on feeding with the precursors d-2-hydroxyvaleric acid and l-valine. Cultivations of A. niger in the CELL-tainer resulted in the formation of large pellets, which were heterogeneous in size (diameter 300–800 μm) and not observed during STR cultivations. When talcum microparticles were added, it was possible to obtain a reduced pellet size and to control pellet heterogeneity (diameter 50–150 μm). No foam formation was observed under wave-mixed cultivation conditions, which made the addition of antifoam agents needless. Overall, enniatin B titres of about 1.5–2.3 g L−1 were achieved in the CELL-tainer® system, which is about 30–50% of the titres achieved under STR conditions. Conclusions This is the first report studying the potential use of single-use wave-mixed reactor systems for the cultivation of A. niger. Although final enniatin yields are not competitive yet with titres achieved under STR conditions, wave-mixed cultivations open up new avenues for the cultivation of shear-sensitive mutant strains as well as high cell-density cultivations.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghobadi N, Ogino C, Ogawa T, Ohmura N. Mixing Characteristics of Submerged Fungal Fluid in a Flexible Stirred Mixer System. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.17we010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghobadi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Division of Process Equipment, Kobelco Eco-Solutions, Co., Ltd
| | - Naoto Ohmura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wieland K, Kuligowski J, Ehgartner D, Ramer G, Koch C, Ofner J, Herwig C, Lendl B. Toward a Noninvasive, Label-Free Screening Method for Determining Spore Inoculum Quality of Penicillium chrysogenum Using Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2661-2669. [PMID: 28776414 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817727728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a label-free, noninvasive method for determination of spore inoculum quality of Penicillium chrysogenum prior to cultivation/germination. Raman microspectroscopy providing direct, molecule-specific information was used to extract information on the viability state of spores sampled directly from the spore inoculum. Based on the recorded Raman spectra, a supervised classification method was established for classification between living and dead spores and thus determining spore inoculum quality for optimized process control. A fast and simple sample preparation method consisting of one single dilution step was employed to eliminate interfering signals from the matrix and to achieve isolation of single spores on the sample carrier (CaF2). Aiming to avoid any influence of the killing procedure in the Raman spectrum of the spore, spores were considered naturally dead after more than one year of storage time. Fluorescence staining was used as reference method. A partial least squares discriminant analysis classifier was trained with Raman spectra of 258 living and dead spores (178 spectra for calibration, 80 spectra for validation). The classifier showed good performance when being applied to a 1 µL droplet taken from a 1:1 mixture of living and dead spores. Of 135 recorded spectra, 51% were assigned to living spores while 49% were identified as dead spores by the classifier. The results obtained in this work are a fundamental step towards developing an automated, label-free, and noninvasive screening method for assessing spore inoculum quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wieland
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
- 2 Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniela Ehgartner
- 3 Christian Doppler Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Ramer
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cosima Koch
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Ofner
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- 3 Christian Doppler Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- 1 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hardy N, Augier F, Nienow AW, Béal C, Ben Chaabane F. Scale-up agitation criteria for Trichoderma reesei fermentation. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Morphology-driven downscaling of Streptomyces lividans to micro-cultivation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:457-469. [PMID: 29094245 PMCID: PMC5816114 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are prolific producers of secondary metabolites and industrially relevant enzymes. Growth of these mycelial micro-organisms in small culture volumes is challenging due to their complex morphology. Since morphology and production are typically linked, scaling down culture volumes requires better control over morphogenesis. In larger scale platforms, ranging from shake flasks to bioreactors, the hydrodynamics play an important role in shaping the morphology and determining product formation. Here, we report on the effects of agitation on the mycelial morphology of Streptomyces lividans grown in microtitre plates. Our work shows that at the appropriate agitation rates cultures can be scaled down to volumes as small as 100 µl while maintaining the same morphology as seen in larger scale platforms. Using image analysis and principal component analysis we compared the morphologies of the cultures; when agitated at 1400–1600 rpm the mycelial morphology in micro-cultures was similar to that obtained in shake flasks, while product formation was also maintained. Our study shows that the morphology of actinobacteria in micro-cultures can be controlled in a similar manner as in larger scale cultures by carefully controlling the mixing rate. This could facilitate high-throughput screening and upscaling.
Collapse
|
42
|
Huarte-Bonnet C, Paixão FRS, Ponce JC, Santana M, Prieto ED, Pedrini N. Alkane-grown Beauveria bassiana produce mycelial pellets displaying peroxisome proliferation, oxidative stress, and cell surface alterations. Fungal Biol 2017; 122:457-464. [PMID: 29801789 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is able to grow on insect cuticle hydrocarbons, inducing alkane assimilation pathways and concomitantly increasing virulence against insect hosts. In this study, we describe some physiological and molecular processes implicated in growth, nutritional stress response, and cellular alterations found in alkane-grown fungi. The fungal cytology was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy while the surface topography was examined using atomic force microscopy. Additionally, the expression pattern of several genes associated with oxidative stress, peroxisome biogenesis, and hydrophobicity were analysed by qPCR. We found a novel type of growth in alkane-cultured B. bassiana similar to mycelial pellets described in other alkane-free fungi, which were able to produce viable conidia and to be pathogenic against larvae of the beetles Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum. Mycelial pellets were formed by hyphae cumulates with high peroxidase activity, exhibiting peroxisome proliferation and an apparent surface thickening. Alkane-grown conidia appeared to be more hydrophobic and cell surfaces displayed different topography than glucose-grown cells. We also found a significant induction in several genes encoding for peroxins, catalases, superoxide dismutases, and hydrophobins. These results show that both morphological and metabolic changes are triggered in mycelial pellets derived from alkane-grown B. bassiana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Huarte-Bonnet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Flávia R S Paixão
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan C Ponce
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marianela Santana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pedrini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT La Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Influence of oxygen availability on the metabolism and morphology of Yarrowia lipolytica: insights into the impact of glucose levels on dimorphism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7317-7333. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
44
|
Lu T, Zhang Q, Yao S. Efficient decolorization of dye-containing wastewater using mycelial pellets formed of marine-derived Aspergillus niger. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
45
|
HARDY N, MOREAUD M, GUILLAUME D, AUGIER F, NIENOW A, BÉAL C, BEN CHAABANE F. Advanced digital image analysis method dedicated to the characterization of the morphology of filamentous fungus. J Microsc 2017; 266:126-140. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. HARDY
- IFP Energies nouvelles; 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison France
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
- UMR 782 AgroParisTech INRA; Thiverval-Grignon France
| | - M. MOREAUD
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - D. GUILLAUME
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - F. AUGIER
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3 69360 Solaize France
| | - A. NIENOW
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham U.K
| | - C. BÉAL
- UMR 782 AgroParisTech INRA; Thiverval-Grignon France
| | - F. BEN CHAABANE
- IFP Energies nouvelles; 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Production of lovastatin and itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus: a comparative perspective. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:34. [PMID: 28102516 PMCID: PMC5247550 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is a textbook example of an industrially relevant filamentous fungus. It is used for the biotechnological production of two valuable metabolites, namely itaconic acid and lovastatin. Itaconic acid serves as a precursor in polymer industry, whereas lovastatin found its place in the pharmaceutical market as a cholesterol-lowering statin drug and a precursor for semisynthetic statins. Interestingly, their biosynthetic gene clusters were shown to reside in the common genetic neighborhood. Despite the genomic proximity of the underlying biosynthetic genes, the production of lovastatin and itaconic acid was shown to be favored by different factors, especially with respect to pH values of the broth. While there are several reviews on various aspects of lovastatin and itaconic acid production, the survey on growth conditions, biochemistry and morphology related to the formation of these two metabolites has never been presented in the comparative manner. The aim of the current review is to outline the correlations and contrasts with respect to process-related and biochemical discoveries regarding itaconic acid and lovastatin production by A. terreus.
Collapse
|
48
|
He R, Li C, Ma L, Zhang D, Chen S. Effect of highly branched hyphal morphology on the enhanced production of cellulase in Trichoderma reesei DES-15. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:214. [PMID: 28330286 PMCID: PMC5052222 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of Trichoderma reesei is a vitally important factor for cellulase productivity. This study investigated the effect of hyphal morphology on cellulase production in the hyper-cellulolytic mutant, T. reesei DES-15. With a distinct morphology, T. reesei DES-15 was obtained through Diethyl sulfite (DES) mutagenesis. The hyphal morphology of DES-15 batch-cultured in a 5-L fermentor was significantly shorter and more branched than the parental strain RUT C30. The cellulase production of DES-15 during batch fermentation was 66 % greater than that of RUT C30 when cultured the same conditions. DES-15 secreted nearly 50 % more protein than RUT C30. The gene expression level of a set of genes (cla4, spa2, ras2, ras1, rhoA, cdc42, and racA) known to be involved in hyphae growth and hyphal branching was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The transcriptional analysis of these genes demonstrated that a decrease in gene expressions might contribute to the increased hyphal branching seen in DES-15. These results indicated that the highly branching hyphae in DES-15 resulted in increased cellulase production, suggesting that DES-15 may be a good candidate for use in the large-scale production of cellulase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin He
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shulin Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dynamic behavior of Yarrowia lipolytica in response to pH perturbations: dependence of the stress response on the culture mode. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:351-366. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Grünberger A, Schöler K, Probst C, Kornfeld G, Hardiman T, Wiechert W, Kohlheyer D, Noack S. Real-time monitoring of fungal growth and morphogenesis at single-cell resolution. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:86-92. [PMID: 32624732 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development times for efficient large-scale production, utilizing fungal species, are still very long. This is mainly due to the poor knowledge of many important variables related to fungal growth and morphogenesis. We specifically addressed this knowledge gap by combining a microfluidic cultivation device with time-lapse live cell imaging. This combination facilitates (i) studying population heterogeneity at single-cell resolution, (ii) monitoring of fungal morphogenesis in a high spatiotemporal manner under defined environmental conditions, and (iii) parallelization of experiments for statistical data analysis. Our analysis of Penicillium chrysogenum, the workhorse for antibiotic production worldwide, revealed significant heterogeneity in size, vitality and differentiation times between spore, mycelium and pellets when cultivated under industrially relevant conditions. For example, the swelling rate of single spores in complex medium ( μ = 0.077 ± 0.036 h - 1 ) and the formation rate of higher branched mycelia in defined glucose medium ( μ = 0.046 ± 0.031 h - 1 ) were estimated from broad time-dependent cell size distributions, which in turn were derived from computational image analysis of 257 and 49 time-lapse series, respectively. In order to speed up the development of new fungal production processes, a deeper understanding of these heterogeneities is required and the presented microfluidic single-cell approach provides a solid technical foundation for such quantitative studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grünberger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Katja Schöler
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Christopher Probst
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Georg Kornfeld
- SU Development Anti-Infectives Sandoz GmbH Biochemiestrasse 10 Kundl Tyrol Austria
| | - Timo Hardiman
- SU Development Anti-Infectives Sandoz GmbH Biochemiestrasse 10 Kundl Tyrol Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Dietrich Kohlheyer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany
| |
Collapse
|