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Chavdoula E, Anastas V, Ferlita AL, Aldana J, Carota G, Spampinato M, Soysal B, Cosentini I, Parashar S, Sircar A, Nigita G, Sehgal L, Freitas MA, Tsichlis PN. Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism by KDM2B, in the context of ncPRC1.1 and in concert with MYC and ATF4. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.548031. [PMID: 37461630 PMCID: PMC10350079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction KDM2B encodes a JmjC domain-containing histone lysine demethylase, which functions as an oncogene in several types of tumors, including TNBC. This study was initiated to address the cancer relevance of the results of our earlier work, which had shown that overexpression of KDM2B renders mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) resistant to oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant mechanisms. Methods We mainly employed a multi-omics strategy consisting of RNA-Seq, quantitative TMT proteomics, Mass-spectrometry-based global metabolomics, ATAC-Seq and ChIP-seq, to explore the role of KDM2B in the resistance to oxidative stress and intermediary metabolism. These data and data from existing patient datasets were analyzed using bioinformatic tools, including exon-intron-split analysis (EISA), FLUFF and clustering analyses. The main genetic strategy we employed was gene silencing with shRNAs. ROS were measured by flow cytometry, following staining with CellROX and various metabolites were measured with biochemical assays, using commercially available kits. Gene expression was monitored with qRT-PCR and immunoblotting, as indicated. Results The knockdown of KDM2B in basal-like breast cancer cell lines lowers the levels of GSH and sensitizes the cells to ROS inducers, GSH targeting molecules, and DUB inhibitors. To address the mechanism of GSH regulation, we knocked down KDM2B in MDA-MB-231 cells and we examined the effects of the knockdown, using a multi-omics strategy. The results showed that KDM2B, functioning in the context of ncPRC1.1, regulates a network of epigenetic and transcription factors, which control a host of metabolic enzymes, including those involved in the SGOC, glutamate, and GSH metabolism. They also showed that KDM2B enhances the chromatin accessibility and expression of MYC and ATF4, and that it binds in concert with MYC and ATF4, the promoters of a large number of transcriptionally active genes, including many, encoding metabolic enzymes. Additionally, MYC and ATF4 binding sites were enriched in genes whose accessibility depends on KDM2B, and analysis of a cohort of TNBCs expressing high or low levels of KDM2B, but similar levels of MYC and ATF4 identified a subset of MYC targets, whose expression correlates with the expression of KDM2B. Further analyses of basal-like TNBCs in the same cohort, revealed that tumors expressing high levels of all three regulators exhibit a distinct metabolic signature that carries a poor prognosis. Conclusions The present study links KDM2B, ATF4, and MYC in a transcriptional network that regulates the expression of multiple metabolic enzymes, including those that control the interconnected SGOC, glutamate, and GSH metabolic pathways. The co-occupancy of the promoters of many transcriptionally active genes, by all three factors, the enrichment of MYC binding sites in genes whose chromatin accessibility depends on KDM2B, and the correlation of the levels of KDM2B with the expression of a subset of MYC target genes in tumors that express similar levels of MYC, suggest that KDM2B regulates both the expression and the transcriptional activity of MYC. Importantly, the concerted expression of all three factors also defines a distinct metabolic subset of TNBCs with poor prognosis. Overall, this study identifies novel mechanisms of SGOC regulation, suggests novel KDM2B-dependent metabolic vulnerabilities in TNBC, and provides new insights into the role of KDM2B in the epigenetic regulation of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Chavdoula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vollter Anastas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessandro La Ferlita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julian Aldana
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariarita Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Burak Soysal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ilaria Cosentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Bioinformatics Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sameer Parashar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anuvrat Sircar
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Freitas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Philip N. Tsichlis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Srivastava R, Singh R, Jauhari S, Lodhi N, Srivastava R. Histone Demethylase Modulation: Epigenetic Strategy to Combat Cancer Progression. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:epigenomes7020010. [PMID: 37218871 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable, reversible changes in histones or the DNA that control gene functions, being exogenous to the genomic sequence itself. Human diseases, particularly cancer, are frequently connected to epigenetic dysregulations. One of them is histone methylation, which is a dynamically reversible and synchronously regulated process that orchestrates the three-dimensional epigenome, nuclear processes of transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle, and epigenetic functions, by adding or removing methylation groups to histones. Over the past few years, reversible histone methylation has become recognized as a crucial regulatory mechanism for the epigenome. With the development of numerous medications that target epigenetic regulators, epigenome-targeted therapy has been used in the treatment of malignancies and has shown meaningful therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical trials. The present review focuses on the recent advances in our knowledge on the role of histone demethylases in tumor development and modulation, in emphasizing molecular mechanisms that control cancer cell progression. Finally, we emphasize current developments in the advent of new molecular inhibitors that target histone demethylases to regulate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rubi Singh
- Department of Hematology, Bioreference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ 07407, USA
| | - Shaurya Jauhari
- Division of Education, Training, and Assessment, Global Education Center, Infosys Limited, Mysuru 570027, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Clinical Research (Research and Development Division) Mirna Analytics LLC, Harlem Bio-Space, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, GenTox Research and Development, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Islam MS, Markoulides M, Chowdhury R, Schofield CJ. Structural analysis of the 2-oxoglutarate binding site of the circadian rhythm linked oxygenase JMJD5. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20680. [PMID: 36450832 PMCID: PMC9712658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
JmjC (Jumonji-C) domain-containing 5 (JMJD5) plays important roles in circadian regulation in plants and humans and is involved in embryonic development and cell proliferation. JMJD5 is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II) dependent oxygenase of the JmjC subfamily, which includes histone Nε-methyl lysine-demethylases (KDMs) and hydroxylases catalysing formation of stable alcohol products. JMJD5 is reported to have KDM activity, but has been shown to catalyse C-3 hydroxylation of arginine residues in sequences from human regulator of chromosome condensation domain-containing protein 1 (RCCD1) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in vitro. We report crystallographic analyses of human JMJD5 complexed with 2OG analogues, including the widely used hypoxia mimic pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate, both D- and L-enantiomers of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, and a cyclic N-hydroxyimide. The results support the assignment of JMJD5 as a protein hydroxylase and reveal JMJD5 has an unusually compact 2OG binding pocket suitable for exploitation in development of selective inhibitors. They will be useful in the development of chemical probes to investigate the physiologically relevant roles of JMJD5 in circadian rhythm and development and explore its potential as a medicinal chemistry target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marios Markoulides
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Aylon Y, Furth N, Mallel G, Friedlander G, Nataraj NB, Dong M, Hassin O, Zoabi R, Cohen B, Drendel V, Salame TM, Mukherjee S, Harpaz N, Johnson R, Aulitzky WE, Yarden Y, Shema E, Oren M. Breast cancer plasticity is restricted by a LATS1-NCOR1 repressive axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7199. [PMID: 36443319 PMCID: PMC9705295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is generally classified into several distinct histological and molecular subtypes. However, single-cell technologies have revealed remarkable cellular and functional heterogeneity across subtypes and even within individual breast tumors. Much of this heterogeneity is attributable to dynamic alterations in the epigenetic landscape of the cancer cells, which promote phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity, including transition from luminal to basal-like cell identity, can promote disease aggressiveness. We now report that the tumor suppressor LATS1, whose expression is often downregulated in human breast cancer, helps maintain luminal breast cancer cell identity by reducing the chromatin accessibility of genes that are characteristic of a "basal-like" state, preventing their spurious activation. This is achieved via interaction of LATS1 with the NCOR1 nuclear corepressor and recruitment of HDAC1, driving histone H3K27 deacetylation near NCOR1-repressed "basal-like" genes. Consequently, decreased expression of LATS1 elevates the expression of such genes and facilitates slippage towards a more basal-like phenotypic identity. We propose that by enforcing rigorous silencing of repressed genes, the LATS1-NCOR1 axis maintains luminal cell identity and restricts breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Mallel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Belugali Nataraj
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meng Dong
- grid.502798.10000 0004 0561 903XDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ori Hassin
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rawan Zoabi
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vanessa Drendel
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saptaparna Mukherjee
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Harpaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Randy Johnson
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Walter E. Aulitzky
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yosef Yarden
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Shema
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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KDM2B mediates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through transcriptional activation of PKMYT1 via microRNA-let-7b-5p/EZH2 to affect the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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IOX1 impedes host inflammation in imiquimod-triggered psoriasis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08433. [PMID: 34877426 PMCID: PMC8632842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology and highly limited treatment strategies. The drugs currently used in the treatment of psoriasis are rarely recommended for long-term use owing to the serious side effects. Although different targets have been identified for controlling psoriasis, the role of epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets is yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carboxylic acid (IOX1), a novel drug with a genetic target, in psoriasis. The daily topical administration of IOX1 in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic inflammation reduced inflammatory reactions in the skin and lowered the PASI score. Furthermore, intraperitoneally injected IOX1 repressed the inflammatory status induced by IMQ in psoriatic mice by reducing the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, restoring splenocyte populations, and regulating macrophage polarization. Our findings indicate the remedial effects of IOX1 on dermatitis psoriasis and the potential of IOX1 as a therapeutic compound in psoriasis.
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Identification of Structural Elements of the Lysine Specific Demethylase 2B CxxC Domain Associated with Replicative Senescence Bypass in Primary Mouse Cells. Protein J 2020; 39:232-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zacharopoulou N, Kallergi G, Alkahtani S, Tsapara A, Alarifi S, Schmid E, Sukkar B, Kampranis S, Lang F, Stournaras C. The histone demethylase KDM2B activates FAK and PI3K that control tumor cell motility. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:533-540. [PMID: 32175798 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the histone demethylase KDM2B regulates the epithelial markers E-Cadherin and ZO-1, the RhoA/B/C-small-GTPases and actin cytoskeleton organization, in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells. Here we addressed the role of KDM2B in the activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-signaling and its involvement in regulating tumor cell motility. We used RT-PCR for gene transcriptional analysis, Western blotting for the assessment of protein expression and activity and wound-healing assay for the study of cell migration. KDM2B overexpression or silencing controls the activity of FAK in DU-145 prostate- and HCT-116 colon-tumor cells without affecting gene transcription and protein expression of this kinase. Upon KDM2B overexpression in DU-145 cells, significantly enhanced migration was observed, which was abolished in cells pretreated by the specific phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3 K) inhibitor LY294002, implying involvement of FAK/PI3 K signaling in the migration process. In line with this, the p85-PI3 K-subunit was downregulated upon knockdown of KDM2B in DU-145 cells, while the opposite effect became evident in KDM2B-overexpressing cells. These results revealed a novel functional role of KDM2B in regulating the activation of the FAK/PI3 K signaling in prostate cancer cells that participates in the control of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Galatea Kallergi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sotirios Kampranis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Greece
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Lysine demethylase 2 (KDM2B) regulates hippo pathway via MOB1 to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:13. [PMID: 31941533 PMCID: PMC6961382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Mps1 binding protein (MOB1) is one of the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and plays important roles in cancer development. However, its expression, function and regulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been revealed yet. Methods The expression of MOB1 and lysine demethylase 2B (KDM2B) in PDAC and adjacent normal pancreas tissues were measured. Also, the underlying mechanisms of altered MOB1 expression and its impact on PDAC biology were investigated. Results We revealed for the first time that MOB1 was decreased expression in PDAC and was a statistically significant independent predictor of poor survival, and restored expression of MOB1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells. Further studies demonstrated that KDM2B directly bound to the promoter region of MOB1, and suppressed the promoter activity of MOB1 and transcriptionally inhibited the MOB1 expression. Furthermore, KDM2B regulated Hippo pathway and promoted PDAC proliferation, migration and invasion via MOB1. Conclusion This study demonstrated the mechanism and roles of a novel KDM2B/MOB1/Hippo signaling in PDAC progression.
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Boukhaled GM, Corrado M, Guak H, Krawczyk CM. Chromatin Architecture as an Essential Determinant of Dendritic Cell Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1119. [PMID: 31214161 PMCID: PMC6557980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has widespread implications in a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell identity and specification, to cellular adaptation to environmental stimuli. While typically associated with heritable changes in gene expression, epigenetic mechanisms are now appreciated to regulate dynamic changes in gene expression—even in post-mitotic cells. Cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells (DC), rapidly integrate signals from their microenvironment and respond accordingly, undergoing massive changes in transcriptional programming. This dynamic transcriptional reprogramming relies on epigenetic changes mediated by numerous enzymes and their substrates. This review highlights our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of DC function. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of the steady state and are important for precise responses to proinflammatory stimuli. Interdependence between epigenetic modifications and the delicate balance of metabolites present another layer of complexity. In addition, dynamic regulation of the expression of proteins that modify chromatin architecture in DCs significantly impacts DC function. Environmental factors, including inflammation, aging, chemicals, nutrients, and lipid mediators, are increasingly appreciated to affect the epigenome in DCs, and, in doing so, regulate host immunity. Our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms regulate DC function is in its infancy, and it must be expanded in order to discern the mechanisms underlying the balance between health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Boukhaled
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Corrado
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Guak
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology, Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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Kumar A, Kumari N, Nallabelli N, Prasad R. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Role of H3K4 Family of Methylases and Demethylases in Cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:123-132. [PMID: 31092985 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications occupy an essential position in the epigenetic landscape of the cell, and their alterations have been linked to cancers. Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation has emerged as a critical epigenetic cue for the regulation of gene transcription through dynamic modulation by several H3K4 methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers). Any disturbance in the delicate balance of writers and erasers can result in the mis-regulation of H3K4 methylation, which has been demonstrated in several human cancers. Therefore, H3K4 methylation has been recognized as a putative therapeutic or prognostic tool and drug trials of different inhibitors of this process have demonstrated promising results. Henceforth, more detailed knowledge of H3K4 methylation is utmost important for elucidating the complex cellular processes, which might help in improving the disease outcome. The primary focus of this review will be directed on deciphering the role of H3K4 methylation along with its writers/erasers in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niti Kumari
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- 2Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
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Illiano M, Conte M, Sapio L, Nebbioso A, Spina A, Altucci L, Naviglio S. Forskolin Sensitizes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to H3K27me2/3 Demethylases GSKJ4 Inhibitor via Protein Kinase A. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:792. [PMID: 30079022 PMCID: PMC6063003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy occurring very often in older adults, with poor prognosis depending on both rapid disease progression and drug resistance occurrence. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are demanded. Epigenetic marks play a relevant role in AML. GSKJ4 is a novel inhibitor of the histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX. To note GSKJ4 has been recently shown to act as a potent small molecule inhibitor of the proliferation in many cancer cell types. On the other hand, forskolin, a natural cAMP raising compound, used for a long time in traditional medicine and considered safe also in recent studies, is emerging as a very interesting molecule for possible use in cancer therapy. Here, we investigate the effects of forskolin on the sensitivity of human leukemia U937 cells to GSKJ4 through flow cytometry-based assays (cell-cycle progression and cell death), cell number counting, and immunoblotting experiments. We provide evidence that forskolin markedly potentiates GSKJ4-induced antiproliferative effects by apoptotic cell death induction, accompanied by a dramatic BCL2 protein down-regulation as well as caspase 3 activation and PARP protein cleavage. Comparable effects are observed with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX and 8-Br-cAMP analogous, but not by using 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP Epac activator. Moreover, the forskolin-induced enhancement of sensitivity to GSKJ4 is counteracted by pre-treatment with Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that forskolin sensitizes U937 cells to GSKJ4 inhibitor via a cAMP/PKA-mediated mechanism. Our findings provide initial evidence of anticancer activity induced by forskolin/GSKJ4 combination in leukemia cells and underline the potential for use of forskolin and GSKJ4 in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Illiano
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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13
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Modes of Interaction of KMT2 Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase/COMPASS Complexes with Chromatin. Cells 2018; 7:cells7030017. [PMID: 29498679 PMCID: PMC5870349 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is achieved by sequence-specific transcriptional regulators, which convey the information that is contained in the sequence of DNA into RNA polymerase activity. This is achieved by the recruitment of transcriptional co-factors. One of the consequences of co-factor recruitment is the control of specific properties of nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin, and their protein components, the core histones. The main principles are to regulate the position and the characteristics of nucleosomes. The latter includes modulating the composition of core histones and their variants that are integrated into nucleosomes, and the post-translational modification of these histones referred to as histone marks. One of these marks is the methylation of lysine 4 of the core histone H3 (H3K4). While mono-methylation of H3K4 (H3K4me1) is located preferentially at active enhancers, tri-methylation (H3K4me3) is a mark found at open and potentially active promoters. Thus, H3K4 methylation is typically associated with gene transcription. The class 2 lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) are the main enzymes that methylate H3K4. KMT2 enzymes function in complexes that contain a necessary core complex composed of WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30, the so-called WRAD complex. Here we discuss recent findings that try to elucidate the important question of how KMT2 complexes are recruited to specific sites on chromatin. This is embedded into short overviews of the biological functions of KMT2 complexes and the consequences of H3K4 methylation.
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14
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Peña-Llopis S, Wan Y, Martinez ED. Unique epigenetic gene profiles define human breast cancers with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85819-85831. [PMID: 27863398 PMCID: PMC5349877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic enzymes are at the nexus of cellular regulatory cascades and can drive cancer-specific deregulation at all stages of the oncogenic process, yet little is known about their prognostic value in human patients. Here, we used qRT-PCR to profile at high resolution the expression of fifty-five epigenetic genes in over one hundred human breast cancer samples and patient-matched benign tissues. We correlated expression patterns with clinical and histological parameters and validated our findings in two independent large patient cohorts (TCGA and METABRIC). We found that human breast malignancies have unique epigenetic profiles and cluster into epigenetic subgroups. A subset of epigenetic genes defined an Epigenetic Signature as an independent predictor of patient survival that outperforms triple negative status and other clinical variables. Our results also suggest that breast cancer grade, but not stage, is driven by transcriptional alterations of epigenetic modifiers. Overall, this study uncovers the presence of epigenetic subtypes within human mammary malignancies and identifies tumor subgroups with specific pharmacologically targetable epigenetic susceptibilities not yet therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Staberg M, Rasmussen RD, Michaelsen SR, Pedersen H, Jensen KE, Villingshøj M, Skjoth-Rasmussen J, Brennum J, Vitting-Seerup K, Poulsen HS, Hamerlik P. Targeting glioma stem-like cell survival and chemoresistance through inhibition of lysine-specific histone demethylase KDM2B. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:406-420. [PMID: 29360266 PMCID: PMC5830623 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal cancers, with current therapies offering only palliation. Inter‐ and intrapatient heterogeneity is a hallmark of GBM, with epigenetically distinct cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) at the apex. Targeting GSCs remains a challenging task because of their unique biology, resemblance to normal neural stem/progenitor cells, and resistance to standard cytotoxic therapy. Here, we find that the chromatin regulator, JmjC domain histone H3K36me2/me1 demethylase KDM2B, is highly expressed in glioblastoma surgical specimens compared to normal brain. Targeting KDM2B function genetically or pharmacologically impaired the survival of patient‐derived primary glioblastoma cells through the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis, sensitizing them to chemotherapy. KDM2B loss decreased the GSC pool, which was potentiated by coadministration of chemotherapy. Collectively, our results demonstrate KDM2B is crucial for glioblastoma maintenance, with inhibition causing loss of GSC survival, genomic stability, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Staberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Signe Regner Michaelsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pedersen
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Villingshøj
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Jannick Brennum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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The epigenetic factor KDM2B regulates cell adhesion, small rho GTPases, actin cytoskeleton and migration in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:587-597. [PMID: 29408056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM2B is an epigenetic factor with oncogenic properties that is regulated by the basic fibroblasts growth factor (FGF-2). It has recently been shown that KDM2B co-operates with Polycomb Group proteins to promote cell migration and angiogenesis in tumors. In the present study we addressed the role of KDM2B in regulating actin cytoskeleton signaling, cell-cell adhesion and migration of prostate tumor cells. We report here that KDM2B is functionally expressed in DU-145 prostate cancer cells, activated by FGF-2 and regulates EZH2. KDM2B knockdown induced potent up-regulation of gene transcription and protein expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1, while KDM2B overexpression down-regulated the levels of both markers, suggesting control of cell adhesion by KDM2B. RhoA and RhoB protein expression and activity were diminished upon KDM2B-knockdown and upregulated in KDM2B-overexpressing cell clones. In accordance, actin reorganization with formation of stress fibers became evident in KDM2B-overexpressing cells and abolished in the presence of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase. DU-145 cell migration was significantly enhanced in KDM2B overexpressing cells and abolished in C3-pretreated cells. Conversely, the retardation of cell migration observed in KDM2B knockdown cells was enhanced in C3-pretreated cells. These results establish a clear functional link between the epigenetic factor KDM2B and the regulation of cell adhesion and Rho-GTPases signaling that controls actin reorganization and cell migration.
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17
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El-Aarag SA, Mahmoud A, Hashem MH, Abd Elkader H, Hemeida AE, ElHefnawi M. In silico identification of potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28592245 PMCID: PMC5463402 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Like other cancers, it is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease involving multiple signaling pathways. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is critical for the development of effective treatment strategies. Methods We used a systems biology approach to identify potential key regulatory factors in smoking-induced lung cancer. We first identified genes that were differentially expressed between smokers with normal lungs and those with cancerous lungs, then integrated these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with data from a protein-protein interaction database to build a network model with functional modules for pathway analysis. We also carried out a gene set enrichment analysis of DEG lists using the Kinase Enrichment Analysis (KEA), Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) hubs, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. Results Twelve transcription factors were identified as having potential significance in lung cancer (CREB1, NUCKS1, HOXB4, MYCN, MYC, PHF8, TRIM28, WT1, CUX1, CRX, GABP, and TCF3); three of these (CRX, GABP, and TCF) have not been previously implicated in lung carcinogenesis. In addition, 11 kinases were found to be potentially related to lung cancer (MAPK1, IGF1R, RPS6KA1, ATR, MAPK14, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK8, PRKCZ, and INSR, and PRKAA1). However, PRKAA1 is reported here for the first time. MEPCE, CDK1, PRKCA, COPS5, GSK3B, BRCA1, EP300, and PIN1 were identified as potential hubs in lung cancer-associated signaling. In addition, we found 18 pathways that were potentially related to lung carcinogenesis, of which 12 (mitogen-activated protein kinase, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Toll-like receptor, ErbB, and insulin signaling; purine and ether lipid metabolism; adherens junctions; regulation of autophagy; snare interactions in vesicular transport; and cell cycle) have been previously identified. Conclusion Our systems-based approach identified potential key molecules in lung carcinogenesis and provides a basis for investigations of tumor development as well as novel drug targets for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem A El-Aarag
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Medhat H Hashem
- Animal biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hatem Abd Elkader
- Information Systems Department, Faculty of Computer and Information, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hemeida
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. .,Center of Informatics, Nile university, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt.
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18
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Carnesecchi J, Forcet C, Zhang L, Tribollet V, Barenton B, Boudra R, Cerutti C, Billas IML, Sérandour AA, Carroll JS, Beaudoin C, Vanacker JM. ERRα induces H3K9 demethylation by LSD1 to promote cell invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3909-3914. [PMID: 28348226 PMCID: PMC5393192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614664114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) removes mono- and dimethyl groups from lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) or H3K9, resulting in repressive or activating (respectively) transcriptional histone marks. The mechanisms that control the balance between these two antagonist activities are not understood. We here show that LSD1 and the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) display commonly activated genes. Transcriptional activation by LSD1 and ERRα involves H3K9 demethylation at the transcriptional start site (TSS). Strikingly, ERRα is sufficient to induce LSD1 to demethylate H3K9 in vitro. The relevance of this mechanism is highlighted by functional data. LSD1 and ERRα coregulate several target genes involved in cell migration, including the MMP1 matrix metallo-protease, also activated through H3K9 demethylation at the TSS. Depletion of LSD1 or ERRα reduces the cellular capacity to invade the extracellular matrix, a phenomenon that is rescued by MMP1 reexpression. Altogether our results identify a regulatory network involving a direct switch in the biochemical activities of a histone demethylase, leading to increased cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Violaine Tribollet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Barenton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Rafik Boudra
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Université Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, F-63171 Aubière, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle M L Billas
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aurélien A Sérandour
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Université Blaise Pascal Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, F-63171 Aubière, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France;
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19
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Zhou D, Kannappan V, Chen X, Li J, Leng X, Zhang J, Xuan S. RBP2 induces stem-like cancer cells by promoting EMT and is a prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e238. [PMID: 27282106 PMCID: PMC4929691 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the most common kidney cancers, has a poor prognosis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a hallmark of carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Several studies have examined the molecular regulation of EMT, but the relationship between histone demethylases and EMT is little understood. In this study, we investigated the role of retinoblastoma-binding protein-2 (RBP2), a histone demethylase that is highly expressed in RCC and is positively correlated with poor RCC prognosis in the regulation of EMT. We found that ectopic overexpression of RBP2 can induce cancer stem cell-like (CSC) phenotypes through EMT in RCC cells by converting them to a more mesenchymal phenotype. This results in increased resistance to apoptosis, which leads to enhanced tumor growth in xenograft models. Together, our data show that RBP2 is an epigenetic regulator that has an important role in the initiation of CSC phenotypes through EMT, leading to tumor progression. RBP2 is also a novel biomolecule for RCC diagnosis, and prognosis and may be a therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/analysis
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Zhou
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Vinodh Kannappan
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Jingqin Li
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Leng
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Urology, 401 Hospital of PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiying Xuan
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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20
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure is a fundamental process for eukaryotes. Regulators include DNA methylation, microRNAs and chromatin modifications. Within the chromatin modifiers, one class of enzymes that can functionally bind and modify chromatin, through the removal of methyl marks, is the histone lysine demethylases. Here, we summarize the current findings of the 13 known histone lysine demethylases in Drosophila melanogaster, and discuss the critical role of these histone-modifying enzymes in the maintenance of genomic functions. Additionally, as histone demethylase dysregulation has been identified in cancer, we discuss the advantages for using Drosophila as a model system to study tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana Holowatyj
- a Department of Oncology ; Wayne State University School of Medicine ; Detroit , MI USA
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21
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Andricovich J, Kai Y, Tzatsos A. Lysine-specific histone demethylases in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:778-782. [PMID: 27208808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic control of gene expression is central to the development of the hematopoietic system and the execution of lineage-specific transcriptional programs. During the last 10 years, mounting evidence has implicated the family of lysine-specific histone demethylases as critical regulators of normal hematopoiesis, whereas their deregulation is found in a broad spectrum of hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we review recent findings on the role of these enzymes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and highlight how aberrant epigenetic regulation facilitates hematopoietic cell transformation through subversion of cell fate and lineage commitment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Andricovich
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Yan Kai
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alexandros Tzatsos
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
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22
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Narayanan SP, Singh S, Gupta A, Yadav S, Singh SR, Shukla S. Integrated genomic analyses identify KDM1A's role in cell proliferation via modulating E2F signaling activity and associate with poor clinical outcome in oral cancer. Cancer Lett 2015. [PMID: 26225839 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM1A specifically demethylates lysine residues and its deregulation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. However, KDM1A's molecular role and its pathological consequences, and prognostic significance in oral cancer remain less understood. In the present study, we sought to investigate the expression of KDM1A and its downstream role in oral cancer pathogenesis. By comparing mRNA expression profiles, we identified an elevated KDM1A expression in oral tumors when compared to normal oral tissues. In silico pathway prediction identified the association between KDM1A and E2F1 signaling in oral cancer. Pathway scanning, functional annotation analysis and In vitro assays showed the KDM1A's involvement in oral cancer cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Moreover, real time PCR and luciferase assays confirmed KDM1A's role in regulation of E2F1 signaling activity in oral cancer. Elevated KDM1A expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in oral cancer. Our data indicate that deregulated KDM1A expression is positively associated with proliferative phenotype of oral cancer and confers poor clinical outcome. These cumulative data suggest that KDM1A might be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya Pandi Narayanan
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Laboratory (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Singh
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Laboratory (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Laboratory (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Laboratory (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Epigenetics and RNA Processing Laboratory (ERPL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISERB), Madhya Pradesh, India.
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23
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Schiza S, Mermigkis C, Margaritopoulos GA, Daniil Z, Harari S, Poletti V, Renzoni EA, Torre O, Visca D, Bouloukaki I, Sourvinos G, Antoniou KM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sleep disorders: no longer strangers in the night. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 24:327-39. [PMID: 26028644 PMCID: PMC9487812 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00009114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is continuously increasing in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and, for the first time, the recent IPF guidelines recognise OSA as an important associated comorbidity that can affect patient's survival. Thus, it becomes conceivable that clinicians should refer patients with newly diagnosed IPF to sleep centres for the diagnosis and treatment of OSA as well as for addressing issues regarding the reduced compliance of patients with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. The discovery of biomarkers common to both disorders may help early diagnosis, institution of the most appropriate treatment and follow-up of patients. Better understanding of epigenetic changes may provide useful information about pathogenesis and, possibly, development of new drugs for a dismal disease like IPF. It is now believed that IPF and sleep disorders can coexist in the same patienthttp://ow.ly/LXPSL
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24
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Fa P, Gui Y, Gao G, Cai Z. The regulatory role of nickel on H3K27 demethylase JMJD3 in kidney cancer cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1286-92. [PMID: 25427687 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714552687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants and carcinogens. Chronic exposure to nickel compounds has been connected with increased risks of numerous cancers, including lung and kidney cancers. But the precise mechanism by which nickel compounds exert their carcinogenic properties is not completely understood. In this study, kidney cancer cells namely human embryonic kidney 293-containing SV40 large T-antigen (HEK293T) and 786-0 were incubated with various concentrations of nickel chloride for 24 h before analysing the expression of three histone H3K27 methylation-modifying enzymes and H3K27me3 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Our results showed that incubation of nickel chloride upregulated the expression of H3K27me3 demethylase jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) in kidney cancer cells, which was accompanied by the reduction in the protein level of H3K27me3. Enhanced demethylation of H3K27me3 may represent a novel mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of nickel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingping Fa
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Yu L, Chen J, Hou J, Cui L, Ma D, Lu W. Histone demethylase KDM2A promotes tumor cell growth and migration in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:271-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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26
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Chu CH, Wang LY, Hsu KC, Chen CC, Cheng HH, Wang SM, Wu CM, Chen TJ, Li LT, Liu R, Hung CL, Yang JM, Kung HJ, Wang WC. KDM4B as a target for prostate cancer: structural analysis and selective inhibition by a novel inhibitor. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5975-85. [PMID: 24971742 PMCID: PMC4216216 DOI: 10.1021/jm500249n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The KDM4/JMJD2 Jumonji C-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM4A-KDM4D), which selectively remove the methyl group(s) from tri/dimethylated lysine 9/36 of H3, modulate transcriptional activation and genome stability. The overexpression of KDM4A/KDM4B in prostate cancer and their association with androgen receptor suggest that KDM4A/KDM4B are potential progression factors for prostate cancer. Here, we report the crystal structure of the KDM4B·pyridine 2,4-dicarboxylic acid·H3K9me3 ternary complex, revealing the core active-site region and a selective K9/K36 site. A selective KDM4A/KDM4B inhibitor, 4, that occupies three subsites in the binding pocket is identified by virtual screening. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of KDM4A/KDM4B significantly blocks the viability of cultured prostate cancer cells, which is accompanied by increased H3K9me3 staining and transcriptional silencing of growth-related genes. Significantly, a substantial portion of differentially expressed genes are AR-responsive, consistent with the roles of KDM4s as critical AR activators. Our results point to KDM4 as a useful therapeutic target and identify a new inhibitor scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Han Chu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of
California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chin Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Jan Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ting Li
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of
California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of
California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Jing-Moon Yang
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National
Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of
California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- National
Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
and Department of Life
Sciences and Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Sourvinos G, Morou A, Sanidas I, Codruta I, Ezell SA, Doxaki C, Kampranis SC, Kottakis F, Tsichlis PN. The downregulation of GFI1 by the EZH2-NDY1/KDM2B-JARID2 axis and by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) associated factors allows the activation of the HCMV major IE promoter and the transition to productive infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004136. [PMID: 24830456 PMCID: PMC4022736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies had suggested that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Here we show that productive HCMV infection is indeed under the control of histone H3K27 trimethylation. The histone H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2, and its regulators JARID2 and NDY1/KDM2B repress GFI1, a transcriptional repressor of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) of HCMV. Knocking down EZH2, NDY1/KDM2B or JARID2 relieves the repression and results in the upregulation of GFI1. During infection, the incoming HCMV rapidly downregulates the GFI1 mRNA and protein in both wild-type cells and in cells in which EZH2, NDY1/KDM2B or JARID2 were knocked down. However, since the pre-infection levels of GFI1 in the latter cells are significantly higher, the virus fails to downregulate it to levels permissive for MIEP activation and viral infection. Following the EZH2-NDY1/KDM2B-JARID2-independent downregulation of GFI1 in the early stages of infection, the virus also initiates an EZH2-NDY1/ΚDM2Β-JARID2-dependent program that represses GFI1 throughout the infection cycle. The EZH2 knockdown also delays histone H3K27 trimethylation in the immediate early region of HCMV, which is accompanied by a drop in H3K4 trimethylation that may contribute to the shEZH2-mediated repression of the major immediate early HCMV promoter. These data show that HCMV uses multiple mechanisms to allow the activation of the HCMV MIEP and to prevent cellular mechanisms from blocking the HCMV replication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sourvinos
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E-mail: (GS); (PNT)
| | - Antigoni Morou
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ignea Codruta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Scott A. Ezell
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Doxaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotirios C. Kampranis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Filippos Kottakis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip N. Tsichlis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GS); (PNT)
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Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are associated with all aspects of cancer, from tumor initiation to cancer progression and metastasis. It is now well understood that both losses and gains of DNA methylation as well as altered chromatin organization contribute significantly to cancer-associated phenotypes. More recently, new sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of driver mutations in epigenetic regulators, providing a mechanistic link between the cancer epigenome and genetic alterations. Oncogenic activating mutations are now known to occur in a number of epigenetic modifiers (i.e. IDH1/2, EZH2, DNMT3A), pinpointing epigenetic pathways that are involved in tumorigenesis. Similarly, investigations into the role of inactivating mutations in chromatin modifiers (i.e. KDM6A, CREBBP/EP300, SMARCB1) implicate many of these genes as tumor suppressors. Intriguingly, a number of neoplasms are defined by a plethora of mutations in epigenetic regulators, including renal, bladder, and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Particularly striking is the discovery of frequent histone H3.3 mutations in pediatric glioma, a particularly aggressive neoplasm that has long remained poorly understood. Cancer epigenetics is a relatively new, promising frontier with much potential for improving cancer outcomes. Already, therapies such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine have proven that targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer can lead to tangible benefits. Understanding how genetic alterations give rise to the cancer epigenome will offer new possibilities for developing better prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Wang L, Chang J, Varghese D, Dellinger M, Kumar S, Best AM, Ruiz J, Bruick R, Peña-Llopis S, Xu J, Babinski DJ, Frantz DE, Brekken RA, Quinn AM, Simeonov A, Easmon J, Martinez ED. A small molecule modulates Jumonji histone demethylase activity and selectively inhibits cancer growth. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2035. [PMID: 23792809 PMCID: PMC3724450 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of general transcriptional regulators has the potential to block growth through targeting multiple tumorigenic signaling pathways simultaneously. Here, using an innovative cell-based screen, we identify a structurally unique small molecule (named JIB-04) which specifically inhibits the activity of the Jumonji family of histone demethylases in vitro, in cancer cells, and in tumors in vivo. Unlike known inhibitors, JIB-04 is not a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate. In cancer but not in patient-matched normal cells, JIB-04 alters a subset of transcriptional pathways and blocks viability. In mice, JIB-04 reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival. Importantly, we find that patients with breast tumors that overexpress Jumonji demethylases have significantly lower survival. Thus JIB-04, a novel inhibitor of Jumonji demethylases in vitro and in vivo, constitutes a unique potential therapeutic and research tool against cancer, and validates the use of unbiased cellular screens to discover chemical modulators with disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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30
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Hopkinson RJ, Tumber A, Yapp C, Chowdhury R, Aik W, Che KH, Li XS, Kristensen JBL, King ONF, Chan MC, Yeoh KK, Choi H, Walport LJ, Thinnes CC, Bush JT, Lejeune C, Rydzik AM, Rose NR, Bagg EA, McDonough MA, Krojer T, Yue WW, Ng SS, Olsen L, Brennan PE, Oppermann U, Muller-Knapp S, Klose RJ, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ, Kawamura A. 5-Carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline is a Broad Spectrum 2-Oxoglutarate Oxygenase Inhibitor which Causes Iron Translocation. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3110-3117. [PMID: 26682036 PMCID: PMC4678600 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51122g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate and iron dependent oxygenases are therapeutic targets for human diseases. Using a representative 2OG oxygenase panel, we compare the inhibitory activities of 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX1) and 4-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (4C8HQ) with that of two other commonly used 2OG oxygenase inhibitors, N-oxalylglycine (NOG) and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDCA). The results reveal that IOX1 has a broad spectrum of activity, as demonstrated by the inhibition of transcription factor hydroxylases, representatives of all 2OG dependent histone demethylase subfamilies, nucleic acid demethylases and γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. Cellular assays show that, unlike NOG and 2,4-PDCA, IOX1 is active against both cytosolic and nuclear 2OG oxygenases without ester derivatisation. Unexpectedly, crystallographic studies on these oxygenases demonstrate that IOX1, but not 4C8HQ, can cause translocation of the active site metal, revealing a rare example of protein ligand-induced metal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Hopkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - WeiShen Aik
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ka Hing Che
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Botnar Research Centre, Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Xuan Shirley Li
- Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin Function Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jan B. L. Kristensen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver N. F. King
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mun Chiang Chan
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Kar Kheng Yeoh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Hwanho Choi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Louise J. Walport
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Cyrille C. Thinnes
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jacob T. Bush
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Clarisse Lejeune
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Anna M. Rydzik
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nathan R. Rose
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
- Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin Function Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Eleanor A. Bagg
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael A. McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tobias Krojer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Wyatt W. Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Stanley S. Ng
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Botnar Research Centre, Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | | | - Robert J. Klose
- Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin Function Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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31
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Tzatsos A, Paskaleva P, Ferrari F, Deshpande V, Stoykova S, Contino G, Wong KK, Lan F, Trojer P, Park PJ, Bardeesy N. KDM2B promotes pancreatic cancer via Polycomb-dependent and -independent transcriptional programs. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:727-39. [PMID: 23321669 DOI: 10.1172/jci64535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms mediate heritable control of cell identity in normal cells and cancer. We sought to identify epigenetic regulators driving the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal human cancers. We found that KDM2B (also known as Ndy1, FBXL10, and JHDM1B), an H3K36 histone demethylase implicated in bypass of cellular senescence and somatic cell reprogramming, is markedly overexpressed in human PDAC, with levels increasing with disease grade and stage, and highest expression in metastases. KDM2B silencing abrogated tumorigenicity of PDAC cell lines exhibiting loss of epithelial differentiation, whereas KDM2B overexpression cooperated with KrasG12D to promote PDAC formation in mouse models. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments coupled to genome-wide gene expression and ChIP studies revealed that KDM2B drives tumorigenicity through 2 different transcriptional mechanisms. KDM2B repressed developmental genes through cobinding with Polycomb group (PcG) proteins at transcriptional start sites, whereas it activated a module of metabolic genes, including mediators of protein synthesis and mitochondrial function, cobound by the MYC oncogene and the histone demethylase KDM5A. These results defined epigenetic programs through which KDM2B subverts cellular differentiation and drives the pathogenesis of an aggressive subset of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tzatsos
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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32
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Shen Y, Guo X, Wang Y, Qiu W, Chang Y, Zhang A, Duan X. Expression and significance of histone H3K27 demethylases in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:470. [PMID: 23057811 PMCID: PMC3520868 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The histone H3K27 demethylases UTX and JMJD3 are important regulatory factors that modulate gene expression by altering the physical state of chromatin. Previous studies have indicated an abnormal H3K27 methylation status in carcinogenesis. We therefore investigated the expression patterns of UTX and JMJD3 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their roles in cancer development. Methods The mRNA expression levels of the UTX and JMJD3 genes were determined in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues in 36 patients with primary RCC, using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. The UTX and JMJD3 protein contents were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Results UTX and JMJD3 transcripts were significantly increased in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of the inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 p16INK4a were also increased in cancer tissues (P < 0.001). Western blotting indicated that levels of both demethylases were increased in cancer tissues. The level of tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27me3) was lower in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, but expression of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 was increased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the two H3K27 demethylases may play critical roles in the regulation of H3K27 methylation status in RCC. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that UTX and JMJD3 expression were upregulated in cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Conclusions This study demonstrated that UTX and JMJD3 were upregulated in cancer tissues, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of primary RCC. The potential roles of H3K27 demethylases as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RCC need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Shen
- Laboratory of Iron Metabolism and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China
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Kottakis F, Polytarchou C, Foltopoulou P, Sanidas I, Kampranis SC, Tsichlis PN. FGF-2 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through an NDY1/KDM2B-miR-101-EZH2 pathway. Mol Cell 2012; 43:285-98. [PMID: 21777817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The histone H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 plays an important role in oncogenesis, by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the JmjC domain histone H3 demethylase NDY1 synergizes with EZH2 to silence the EZH2 inhibitor miR-101. NDY1 and EZH2 repress miR-101 by binding its promoter in concert, via a process triggered by upregulation of NDY1. Whereas EZH2 binding depends on NDY1, the latter binds independently of EZH2. However, both are required to repress transcription. NDY1 and EZH2 acting in concert upregulate EZH2 and stabilize the repression of miR-101 and its outcome. NDY1 is induced by FGF-2 via CREB phosphorylation and activation, downstream of DYRK1A, and mediates the FGF-2 and EZH2 effects on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The FGF-2-NDY1/EZH2-miR-101-EZH2 axis described here was found to be active in bladder cancer. These data delineate an oncogenic pathway that functionally links FGF-2 with EZH2 via NDY1 and miR-101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Kottakis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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34
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Benelkebir H, Hodgkinson C, Duriez PJ, Hayden AL, Bulleid RA, Crabb SJ, Packham G, Ganesan A. Enantioselective synthesis of tranylcypromine analogues as lysine demethylase (LSD1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3709-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2011; 4:17. [PMID: 21507255 PMCID: PMC3108377 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Bladder cancer is strongly associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. It is believed that DNA damage generated by environmental carcinogens and their metabolites causes development of bladder cancer. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the major DNA repair pathway for repairing bulk DNA damage generated by most environmental carcinogens, and XPC is a DNA damage recognition protein required for initiation of the NER process. Recent studies demonstrate reduced levels of XPC protein in tumors for a majority of bladder cancer patients. In this work we investigated the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer development. The results of our HDAC inhibition study revealed that the treatment of HTB4 and HTB9 bladder cancer cells with the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) caused an increase in transcription of the XPC gene in these cells. The results of our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicated that the VPA treatment caused increased binding of both CREB1 and Sp1 transcription factors at the promoter region of the XPC gene for both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. The results of our immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining studies further revealed a strong correlation between the over-expression of HDAC4 and increased bladder cancer occurrence (p < 0.001) as well as a marginal significance of increasing incidence of HDAC4 positivity seen with an increase in severity of bladder cancer (p = 0.08). In addition, the results of our caspase 3 activation studies demonstrated that prior treatment with VPA increased the anticancer drug cisplatin-induced activation of caspase 3 in both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. All of these results suggest that the HDACs negatively regulate transcription of the XPC gene in bladder cancer cells and contribute to the severity of bladder tumors.
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36
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Epigenetic regulation of cell life and death decisions and deregulation in cancer. Essays Biochem 2010; 48:121-46. [PMID: 20822491 DOI: 10.1042/bse0480121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For every cell, there is a time to live and a time to die. It is apparent that cell life and death decisions are taken by individual cells based on their interpretation of physiological or non-physiological stimuli, or their own self-assessment of internal damage or changes in their environment. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a key regulator of physiological growth control and regulation of tissue homoeostasis. One of the most important advances in cancer research in recent years is the recognition that cell death, mostly by apoptosis, is crucially involved in the regulation of tumour formation and also critically determines treatment response. The initiation and progression of cancer, traditionally seen as a genetic disease, is now realized to involve epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. The study of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA expression, has revealed a plethora of events that contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through stable changes in the expression of genes critical to cell death pathways. A better understanding of the epigenetic molecular events that regulate apoptosis, together with the reversible nature of epigenetic aberrations, should contribute to the emergence of the promising field of epigenetic therapy.
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37
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Denis GV. Bromodomain coactivators in cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2010; 10:489-499. [PMID: 21189220 PMCID: PMC3025494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Double bromodomain proteins bind to acetylated lysines in histones, bringing associated histone modification and nucleosome remodeling activity to chromatin. The ability of bromodomain regulators to alter chromatin status and control gene expression has long been appreciated to be important in the development of certain human cancers. However, bromodomain proteins have now been found also to be critical, non-redundant players in diverse, non-malignant phenotypes, directing transcriptional programs that control adipogenesis, energy metabolism and inflammation. The fact that such different processes are functionally linked by the same molecular machinery suggests a common epigenetic basis to understand and interpret the origins of several important co-morbidities, such as asthma or cancer that occurs in obesity, and complex inflammatory diseases like cardiovascular disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and insulin resistance that may be built on a common pro-inflammatory foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald V Denis
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, K520, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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38
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Hsia EY, Goodson ML, Zou JX, Privalsky ML, Chen HW. Nuclear receptor coregulators as a new paradigm for therapeutic targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1227-37. [PMID: 20933027 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex function and regulation of nuclear receptors cannot be fully understood without a thorough knowledge of the receptor-associated coregulators that either enhance (coactivators) or inhibit (corepressors) transcription. While nuclear receptors themselves have garnered much attention as therapeutic targets, the clinical and etiological relevance of the coregulators to human diseases is increasingly recognized. Aberrant expression or function of coactivators and corepressors has been associated with malignant and metabolic disease development. Many of them are key epigenetic regulators and utilize enzymatic activities to modify chromatin through histone acetylation/deacetylation, histone methylation/demethylation or chromatin remodeling. In this review, we showcase and evaluate coregulators--such as SRCs and ANCCA--with the most promising therapeutic potential based on their physiological roles and involvement in various diseases that are revealed thus far. We also describe the structural features of the coactivator and corepressor functional domains and highlight areas that can be further explored for molecular targeting.
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39
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Mackeen MM, Kramer HB, Chang KH, Coleman ML, Hopkinson RJ, Schofield CJ, Kessler BM. Small-molecule-based inhibition of histone demethylation in cells assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4082-4092. [PMID: 20583823 PMCID: PMC4681095 DOI: 10.1021/pr100269b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on histones are an important mechanism for the regulation of gene expression and are involved in all aspects of cell growth and differentiation, as well as pathological processes including neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, and cancer. A major challenge within the chromatin field is to develop methods for the quantitative analysis of histone modifications. Here we report a mass spectrometry (MS) approach based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography high/low collision switching (UPLC-MS(E)) to monitor histone modifications in cells. This approach is exemplified by the analysis of trimethylated lysine-9 levels in histone H3, following a simple chemical derivatization procedure with d(6)-acetic anhydride. This method was used to study the inhibition of histone demethylases with pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) derivatives in cells. Our results show that the PDCA-dimethyl ester inhibits JMJD2A catalyzed demethylation of lysine-9 on histone H3 in human HEK 293T cells. Demethylase inhibition, as observed by MS analyses, was supported by immunoblotting with modification-specific antibodies. The results demonstrate that PDCA derived small molecules are cell permeable demethylase inhibitors and reveal that quantitative MS is a useful tool for measuring post-translational histone modifications in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukram M. Mackeen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, U.K
| | - Holger B. Kramer
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Kai-Hsuan Chang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, U.K
| | - Matthew L. Coleman
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Richard J. Hopkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, U.K
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
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40
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Mantri M, Krojer T, Bagg EA, Webby CA, Butler DS, Kochan G, Kavanagh KL, Oppermann U, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Crystal Structure of the 2-Oxoglutarate- and Fe(II)-Dependent Lysyl Hydroxylase JMJD6. J Mol Biol 2010; 401:S0022-2836(10)00558-9. [PMID: 20685276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl and prolyl hydroxylations are well-known post-translational modifications to animal and plant proteins with extracellular roles. More recent work has indicated that the hydroxylation of intracellular animal proteins may be common. JMJD6 catalyses the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent hydroxylation of lysyl residues in arginine-serine-rich domains of RNA-splicing-related proteins. We report crystallographic studies on the catalytic domain of JMJD6 in complex with Ni(II) substituting for Fe(II). Together with mutational studies, the structural data suggest how JMJD6 binds its lysyl residues such that it can catalyse C-5 hydroxylation rather than N(varepsilon)-demethylation, as for analogous enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mantri
- Department of Chemistry and Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Gao L, Alumkal J. Epigenetic regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Epigenetics 2010; 5:100-4. [PMID: 20160483 DOI: 10.4161/epi.5.2.10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. The Androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear hormone and transcription factor, is the most therapeutically relevant target in this disease. While most efforts in the clinic are still directed at lowering levels of androgens that activate AR, resistance to androgen deprivation eventually develops, and most prostate cancer deaths are attributable to this castration-resistant form of this disease. Recent work has shed light on the importance of epigenetic events including facilitation of AR signaling by histone-modifying enzymes and also on the role that enzymes such as HDAC6 play in stabilizing AR in prostate cancer cells. Herein, we summarize recent findings on the role of epigenetic enzymes in AR signaling and highlight examples on how interdiction of critical epigenetic enzymes may attenuate AR action in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Both at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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42
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Bell DW. Our changing view of the genomic landscape of cancer. J Pathol 2010; 220:231-43. [PMID: 19918804 PMCID: PMC3195356 DOI: 10.1002/path.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic tumours, which account for the majority of all human cancers, arise from the acquisition of somatic, genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to changes in gene sequence, structure, copy number and expression. Within the last decade, the availability of a complete sequence-based map of the human genome, coupled with significant technological advances, has revolutionized the search for somatic alterations in tumour genomes. Recent landmark studies, which resequenced all coding exons within breast, colorectal, brain and pancreatic cancers, have shed new light on the genomic landscape of cancer. Within a given tumour type there are many infrequently mutated genes and a few frequently mutated genes, resulting in incredible genetic heterogeneity. However, when the altered genes are placed into biological processes and biochemical pathways, this complexity is significantly reduced and shared pathways that are affected in significant numbers of tumours can be discerned. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has opened up the potential to resequence entire tumour genomes to interrogate protein-encoding genes, non-coding RNA genes, non-genic regions and the mitochondrial genome. During the next decade it is anticipated that the most common forms of human cancer will be systematically surveyed to identify the underlying somatic changes in gene copy number, sequence and expression. The resulting catalogues of somatic alterations will point to candidate cancer genes requiring further validation to determine whether they have a causal role in tumourigenesis. The hope is that this knowledge will fuel improvements in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, based on the specific molecular alterations that drive individual tumours. In this review, I will provide a historical perspective on the identification of somatic alterations in the pre- and post-genomic eras, with a particular emphasis on recent pioneering studies that have provided unprecedented insights into the genomic landscape of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne W Bell
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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