1
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Wirzeberger D, Peleg-Evron O, Davidovich-Pinhas M, Bianco-Peled H. Controlled dissolution of physically cross-linked locust bean gum - κ-carrageenan hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133353. [PMID: 38945714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Most hydrogels swell but do not dissolve in water since their chains are tied to each other. Nevertheless, some hydrogels disintegrate under physiological conditions, a property that could be beneficial in emerging applications, including sacrificial materials, 3D bioprinting, and wound dressings. This paper proposes a novel approach to control the dissolution rate of hydrogels based on the integration of kappa carrageenan nanoparticles (KCAR-NPs) into kappa carrageenan (KCAR) and locust bean gum (LBG) hydrogels to obtain a three-component hybrid system. KCAR and LBG are known to have synergistic interactions, where physical interactions and chain entanglements lead to their gelation. We hypothesized that integrating the bulky nanoparticles would disturb the three-dimensional network formed by the polysaccharide chains and enable manipulating the dissolution rate. Compression, water absorption, rheology, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy measurements were performed to characterize the physical properties and structure of the hydrogels. The hybrid hydrogels displayed much faster dissolution rates than a control system without nanoparticles, which did not completely dissolve within 50 days and offered a cutting-edge means to finely adjust hydrogel dissolution through modulation of KCAR and KCAR-NPs concentrations. The new hydrogels also exhibited shear-thinning and self-healing properties resulting from the weak and reversible nature of the physical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wirzeberger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - O Peleg-Evron
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - M Davidovich-Pinhas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - H Bianco-Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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2
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Xin D, Yin H, Ran G. Efficient production of High-Purity manno-oligosaccharides from guar gum by citric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130719. [PMID: 38642662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the production of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) from guar gum faces challenges of low oligosaccharide enzymatic hydrolysis yield and complicated steps in separation and purification. In this work, a potential strategy to address these issues was explored. By combining citric acid pretreatment (300 mM, 130 °C, 1 h) with β-mannanase hydrolysis, an impressive MOS yield of 61.8 % from guar gum (10 %, w/v) was achieved. The key success lay in the optimizing conditions that completely degraded other galactomannans into monosaccharides, which could be easily removable through Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation (without additional nutrients). Following ion exchange chromatography for desalination, and concluding with spray drying, 4.57 g of solid MOS with a purity of 90 % was obtained from 10 g of guar gum. This method offers a streamlined and effective pathway for obtaining high-yield and high-purity MOS from guar gum by combining citric acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Xin
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ganqiao Ran
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710043, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Devesa S, Graça MPF, Pereira WO, Santos GL, da Silva Neto JF, Amaral FMB, Hammami I, Mendes F, Macêdo AAM. Dielectric Characterization of Solutions of Galactomannan Extracted from Adenanthera pavonina L.: Effects of Purification and Ethanol Concentration. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1476. [PMID: 38891423 PMCID: PMC11174883 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Galactomannans are polysaccharides obtained from legume seed extraction. They present a chemical structure consisting of D-mannose chains linked by glycosidic bonds and galactose branches. The main focus lies in their use as thickeners in the food industry, aimed at improving the dielectric properties of food during heating processes within the radiofrequency and microwave ranges. In this work, the prepared galactomannan samples were electrically analyzed through impedance spectroscopy, which is a powerful physical technique. From the experimental measurements, the dielectric permittivity and loss tangent of the galactomannan solutions were analyzed and the electrical modulus formalism was used to study the dielectric relaxations. Crude galactomannans exhibited higher values of permittivity, conductivity, and losses compared to purified galactomannans. Increasing ethanol concentration in galactomannan purification causes an increase in the permittivity and conductivity of galactomannan solutions. In a 1% solution, at 1 kHz, the permittivity increased from 378.56 to 538.09, while in the 2% solution, this increase was from 656.22 to 1103.24. Regarding the conductivity, at the same frequency, the increase was from 1.6 × 10-3 to 3.3 × 10-3 Ω-1m-1 and from 2.9 × 10-3 to 5.5 × 10-3 Ω-1m-1, respectively. The rise of the ethanol concentration in galactomannan purification led to a decrease in the relaxation time, from 448.56 to 159.15 μs and from 224.81 to 89.50 μs in the solution with 1 and 2%, respectively. The results suggest that galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L. has potential for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Devesa
- CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel P. F. Graça
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.M.B.A.); (I.H.)
| | - Walajhone O. Pereira
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA)—Campus Imperatriz, Imperatriz 65906-335, MA, Brazil; (W.O.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.F.d.S.N.); (A.A.M.M.)
| | - Guilherme L. Santos
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA)—Campus Imperatriz, Imperatriz 65906-335, MA, Brazil; (W.O.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.F.d.S.N.); (A.A.M.M.)
| | - João F. da Silva Neto
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA)—Campus Imperatriz, Imperatriz 65906-335, MA, Brazil; (W.O.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.F.d.S.N.); (A.A.M.M.)
| | - Filipe M. B. Amaral
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.M.B.A.); (I.H.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (F.M.B.A.); (I.H.)
| | - Fernando Mendes
- Polytechnic University of Coimbra, ESTESC, UCPCBL, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- H&TRC—Health and Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Polytechnic University of Coimbra, ESTESC, UCPNS, SM Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
- European Association for Professions in Biomedical Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana A. M. Macêdo
- Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA)—Campus Imperatriz, Imperatriz 65906-335, MA, Brazil; (W.O.P.); (G.L.S.); (J.F.d.S.N.); (A.A.M.M.)
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4
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Mandal S, Chi H, Moss RE, Dhital P, Babatunde EO, Gurav R, Hwang S. Seed gum-based polysaccharides hydrogels for sustainable agriculture: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130339. [PMID: 38387640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Globally, water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions has become one of the critical issues that hinder sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, being a major water consumer, presents several challenges that affect water availability. Hydrogels derived from polysaccharides seed gums are hydrophilic polymers capable of retaining substantial moisture in their three-dimensional network and releasing it back into the soil during drought conditions. Implementation of hydrogels in the agricultural sectors enhances soil health, plant growth, and crop yield. Furthermore, the soil permeability, density, structure, texture, and rate of evaporation and percolation of water are modified by hydrogel. In this review, hydrogels based on natural plant seed gum like guar, fenugreek, Tara and locust beans have been discussed in terms of their occurrence, properties, chemical structure, method of synthesis, and swelling behavior. The focus extends to recent applications of modified seed gum-based natural hydrogels in agriculture, serving as soil conditioners and facilitating nutrient delivery to growing plants. The swelling behavior and inherent structure of these hydrogels can help researchers unravel their maximum possibilities to promote sustainable agriculture and attenuate the obstacles propounded by our dynamic nature. The current review also examines market growth, prospects, and challenges of eco-friendly hydrogels in recent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mandal
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Hyemein Chi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rhiannon E Moss
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Prabin Dhital
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Eunice O Babatunde
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Sangchul Hwang
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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5
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Oliveira S, Sousa I, Raymundo A, Bengoechea C. Three-Dimensional Printing of Red Algae Biopolymers: Effect of Locust Bean Gum on Rheology and Processability. Gels 2024; 10:166. [PMID: 38534584 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, rich in high-value polysaccharides with thickening/gelling properties (e.g., agar, carrageenan, and alginate), are extensively used in the food industry for texture customization and enhancement. However, conventional extraction methods for these hydrocolloids often involve potentially hazardous chemicals and long extraction times. In this study, three red seaweed species (Chondrus crispus, Gelidium Corneum, and Gracilaria gracilis) commercialized as food ingredients by local companies were chosen for their native gelling biopolymers, which were extracted using water-based methodologies (i.e., (1) hydration at room temperature; (2) stirring at 90 °C; and (3) centrifugation at 40 °C) for production of sustainable food gels. The potential use of these extracts as bioinks was assessed employing an extrusion-based 3D printer. The present work aimed to study the gelation process, taken place during printing, and assess the effectiveness of the selected green extraction method in producing gels. To improve the definition of the printed gel, two critical printing parameters were investigated: the addition of locust bean gum (LBG) at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) and printing temperature (30, 40, 60, and 80 °C). Rheological results from a controlled-stress rheometer indicated that gels derived from G. corneum and G. gracilis exhibited a lower gel strength (lower G' and G″) and excessive material spreading during deposition (lower viscosity) than C. crispus. Thus, G' was around 5 and 70 times higher for C. crispus gels than for G. corneum and G. gracilis, respectively. When increasing LBG concentration (0.5 to 2.5% w/w) and lowering the printing temperature (80 to 30 °C), an enhanced gel matrix definition for G. corneum and G. gracilis gels was found. In contrast, gels from C. crispus demonstrated greater stability and were less influenced by these parameters, showcasing the potential of the seaweed to develop sustainable clean label food gels. Eventually, these results highlight the feasibility of using algal-based extracts obtained through a green procedure as bioinks where LBG was employed as a synergic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Oliveira
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Bengoechea
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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6
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Enzymatically mediated Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan based hydrogel inspired by wound healing process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123152. [PMID: 36610566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-healing property based on metal-ligand physical coordination is particularly interesting in bio-hydrogel science due to its allowance for multiple local healing events to process. As the most abundant renewable green resource in nature, Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan has great potential as a starting material for functional materials. In this study, the biocompatible Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan and cellulose were firstly chemically modified and then taken as the main constituent for constructing the metal-ligand coordination through an enzyme-regulated strategy. The hydrogel could quickly gelatinize in the surrounding environment, corresponding to the violent exothermic phenomenon, and exhibit extraordinary self-healing behavior. The molecular dynamics simulation of the hydrogel confirmed the more stable coordinated configuration from Fe(III)-chelates than Fe(II)-chelates. The morphology, mechanical property, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity of the prepared hydrogel were also studied. Our results indicated that galactomannan hydrogel based on the metal-ligand networks could balance the kinetic stability and intrinsic healability through the enzyme-induced route, which provide a new perspective in the field of biomaterial applications.
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7
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Özen İ, Bahtiyari Mİ, Haji A, Islam SU, Wang X. Properties of galactomannans and their textile-related applications-A concise review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1001-1014. [PMID: 36464192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannans are reserve carbohydrates in legume plants and are primarily extracted from their seeds. They contain galactose side chains throughout the mannose backbone and have unique features such as emulsifying, thickening, and gelling together with biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, which make them an appealing material. Guar gum and locust bean gum mainly are used in all galactomannan needed applications. Nonetheless, tara gum and fenugreek gum have also attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Despite the increased usage of galactomannans in the textile-related fields in recent years, there is no review article published yet. To fill this gap and to demonstrate the striking and increasing importance of galactomannans, a concise summary of the properties of common galactomannans and their comparisons is given first, followed by an account of recent developments and applications of galactomannans in the textile-related fields. The associated potential opportunities are also provided at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Özen
- Department of Textile Engineering, Erciyes University, Melikgazi Kayseri, Türkiye; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | | | - Aminoddin Haji
- Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Xungai Wang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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8
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Locust Bean Gum, a Vegetable Hydrocolloid with Industrial and Biopharmaceutical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238265. [PMID: 36500357 PMCID: PMC9736161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Locust bean gum (LBG), a vegetable galactomannan extracted from carob tree seeds, is extensively used in the food industry as a thickening agent (E410). Its molecular conformation in aqueous solutions determines its solubility and rheological performance. LBG is an interesting polysaccharide also because of its synergistic behavior with other biopolymers (xanthan gum, carrageenan, etc.). In addition, this hydrocolloid is easily modified by derivatization or crosslinking. These LBG-related products, besides their applications in the food industry, can be used as encapsulation and drug delivery devices, packaging materials, batteries, and catalyst supports, among other biopharmaceutical and industrial uses. As the new derivatized or crosslinked polymers based on LBG are mainly biodegradable and non-toxic, the use of this polysaccharide (by itself or combined with other biopolymers) will contribute to generating greener products, considering the origin of raw materials used, the modification procedures selected and the final destination of the products.
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9
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In Situ Synthesis of AZO-Np in Guar Gum/PVOH Composite Fiber Mats for Potential Bactericidal Release. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224983. [PMID: 36433110 PMCID: PMC9698413 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is growing and cases are getting worse every year, the search for new alternative bactericidal wound dressing treatments is becoming crucial. Within this context, the use of polysaccharides from plants and seeds in innovative biopolymer technologies is of key importance. In this work, bio-nano-composite guar gum/polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) membranes loaded with aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced via electrospinning. Citric acid was added to the mixture to increase spinnability. However, depending on the pH, zinc oxide nanoparticles are partially dissociated, decreasing their bactericidal efficiency. Thus, a second successful alkaline thermo-chemical regrowth step was added to the process to treat the obtained fibers. This alkaline thermo-chemical treatment reconstituted both the nanoparticles and their bactericidal properties. The Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial assay results show that the membranes obtained after the alkaline thermo-chemical treatment presented a 57% increase in growth inhibition.
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10
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Santos MB, Isabel ICA, Garcia-Rojas EE. Ultrasonic depolymerization of aqueous tara gum solutions: kinetic, thermodynamic and physicochemical properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4640-4646. [PMID: 35174497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tara gum (TG) is characterized by its high viscosity and medium solubility, which is a result of its high molecular mass. However, for many applications, these characteristics are undesirable, making the use of TG infeasible. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound on the depolymerization of aqueous solutions of TG. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated by viscometry analysis as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solubility. RESULTS The intrinsic viscosity (η) and the molecular weight (Mw ) of TG decreased after ultrasound, achieving a molecular weight reduction of 13.50 × 105 g mol-1 after 60 min of sonication at 25 °C compared to 22.04 × 105 g mol-1 before treatment. Degradation kinetics were applied to estimate the rate constant of degradation (k). It was found that the k value of TG increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 55 °C. Partially hydrolyzed TG showed greater solubility at the two temperatures investigated (25 and 80 °C). Ultrasonic treatment did not change the chemical structure of the TG molecules according to the structural analysis by FTIR, confirming its action only as breaking the structure of the polymer. CONCLUSION Ultrasound is a simple method for effectively reducing the molecular weight and viscosity and increasing the solubility of TG without using chemical reagents. The synthesis of partially hydrolyzed TG expands its potential for use in food products, including as a soluble dietary fiber. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Barreto Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Ianne Caroline Alves Isabel
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Volta Redonda, Brazil
| | - Edwin Elard Garcia-Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Volta Redonda, Brazil
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11
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Shen F, Chen C, Chen W, Liu Q, Chen C, Xiao G, Liu Y, Zhou J. Ultra-Light GO@KGM Aerogels for Oil-Water Separation Based on CVD Modification. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13354-13361. [PMID: 35474793 PMCID: PMC9026091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, oil pollution of water caused by illegal discharges or accidental events occurs frequently, and the waste of resources and environmental pollution cannot be ignored, so effective oil-water separation methods are needed to cope with such incidents. To solve these problems, this paper investigated an aerogel made from a plant polysaccharide, konjac glucomannan (KGM), supplemented with graphene oxide (GO), to improve the mechanical properties. Finally, a hydrophobic layer was attached to the surface and interior of the aerogel via chemical vapor deposition to improve its selectivity toward oil. Through a series of characterization methods such as infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, it was demonstrated that KGM and GO were successfully cross-linked, resulting in excellent mechanical properties and directional absorption properties on oil. This composite polysaccharide aerogel could absorb oil 48 times its own weight. In addition, due to its strong mechanical properties, the gel can be reused many times, and the maximum recovery rate can be maintained at 96% after 10 cycles. Furthermore, the absorption of oil from water was conducted in a continuous mode, demonstrating the diversity of application scenarios. Generally, the results observed in this work have shown that the KGM aerogels have great potential for applications in oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Shen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
- Oil
& Gas Fire Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan CN611731, China
- Southwest
Petr University, State Key Lab Oil &
Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu, Sichuan CN610500, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest
Petroleum University, Xindu Avenue 8th, Chengdu, Sichuan CN 610500, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key
Laboratory for Harmful Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette of
Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan CN610000, China
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12
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Tao Y, Ma J, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Rheological properties of Sesbania cannabina galactomannan as a new source of thickening agent. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1527-1539. [PMID: 35275400 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the rheological properties of galactomannan from Sesbania cannabina. The intrinsic viscosity of galactomannan was determined to be 8.63 ± 0.06 dl/g. Moreover, the onset of galactomannan coil overlap occurred at 5.12 ± 0.13 g/L. With increasing concentration, galactomannan showed a more distinct shear-thinning behavior, which was well characterized by the Cross model. Notably, the viscosity of polysaccharide showed a negative relationship with the temperature, while the activation energy decreased with increasing polysaccharide concentration. Furthermore, at high concentrations, the galactomannan solution showed stability after heating or freezing, as well as over the wide pH range of 5.0-9.0. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements reveal a gradual transition from viscous to elastic behavior of galactomannans with an increasing frequency. It is anticipated that S. cannabina galactomannan will find interesting applications as a natural thickener due to the comprehensive description of its rheological properties presented herein. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The investigated S. cannabina galactomannan has shown a higher viscosity and heat stability at high concentration, as well as a good stability at the pH range of 5-9. The S. cannabina galactomannan may be employed as stabilizers in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Tao Y, Ma J, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. The immunomodulatory activity of degradation products of Sesbania cannabina galactomannan with different molecular weights. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:530-538. [PMID: 35217078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannan (GM) is widely recognized as an immune enhancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Herein, four products with molecular weights in descending order, namely GM40, GM50, GM65, and GMOS, were separated from incomplete degradation products of Sesbania cannabina GM by ethanol precipitation, followed by their immunomodulatory activity. Through FTIR and XPS spectra, the amount of free hydroxyl groups was shown to decrease in the following order: GM > GM50 > GMOS > GM40 > GM65. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activity of different products decreased in abovementioned order. The TNF-α, IL-6 and TLR4 content in RAW 264.7 cells treated with different GM products in the presence or absence of TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) suggested that the immunomodulatory activity of GM and its degradation products is TLR4-dependent. Overall, the preliminary relationship indicated here between the hydroxyl groups or the possible deeper structural changes of GM and the immunomodulatory activity need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Crosstalk during the Carbon-Nitrogen Cycle That Interlinks the Biosynthesis, Mobilization and Accumulation of Seed Storage Reserves. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112032. [PMID: 34769462 PMCID: PMC8585027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the major storage reserves in seeds, and they are produced and accumulated in specific tissues during the growth and development of a plant. The storage products are hydrolyzed into a mobile form, and they are then translocated to the developing tissue following seed germination, thereby ensuring new plant formation and seedling vigor. The utilization of seed reserves is an important characteristic of seed quality. This review focuses on the seed storage reserve composition, source–sink relations and partitioning of the major transported carbohydrate form, i.e., sucrose, into different reserves through sucrolytic processes, biosynthetic pathways, interchanging levels during mobilization and crosstalk based on vital biochemical pathways that interlink the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Seed storage reserves are important due to their nutritional value; therefore, novel approaches to augmenting the targeted storage reserve are also discussed.
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15
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Tao Y, Ma J, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Effects of the Hofmeister anion series salts on the rheological properties of Sesbania cannabina galactomannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:350-358. [PMID: 34389383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesbania cannabina galactomannan (2%) solutions added with strongly hydrated ions (Na2CO3, NaH2PO4, NaCl) and weakly hydrated ions (NaNO3) at different ionic strengths were rheologically characterized. The four selected salts dramatically decreased the intrinsic viscosity of galactomannan solution in the following order of effectiveness: Na2CO3 < NaH2PO4 < NaCl < NaNO3. This conforms effectively to the Hofmeister anion series. Moreover, salt addition increased the viscosity of galactomannan solution when the ionic strength was 1 mmol/kg, which related to an increased occurrence of intermolecular interactions. As increasing ionic strength, galactomannan chains may tend to contract or expand due to the presence of strongly or weakly hydrated ions, thereby decreasing the viscosity. These phenomena were demonstrated by zeta potential measurement and again observed in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. Overall, this property can be used to manipulate the rheological properties of galactomannan in food gums to obtain gums of high quality for enhancing consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Radziej S, Scherb-Forster J, Schlicht C, Eisenreich W. Fast Identification of Food Thickeners by Nontargeted NMR-Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3761-3775. [PMID: 33724804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food thickeners are carbohydrate additives that can only be determined by long-term, multistep analysis. Fast methods to directly determine thickeners in food matrixes are therefore welcome. In this study, a rapid procedure based on the direct 1H NMR analysis of food samples dissolved in deuterated water was developed. Individual thickeners were assigned due to specific marker signals gleaned from two-dimensional NMR analyses. The combination of one-dimensional 1H NMR and DOSY experiments enabled unequivocal assignments of thickeners even in complex matrixes. Using this approach, gum arabic, carrageenan, agar-agar, galactomannans, and pectin could be identified in pastille, glaze, and fruit spread. Because of low concentrations (<0.5%-1%, w/w), the same thickeners and others such as xanthan gum and alginate could not be determined directly by NMR in curry sauce, rice pudding, choco milk drink, and lemon peel flavor. Moreover, NMR analyses of the hydrolysate did not reveal the specific monomeric units of the thickeners under study, as shown for the hydrolysate of lemon peel flavor. Nevertheless, the NMR approach could provide welcome means in the future to directly determine intact thickeners in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Radziej
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärstraße 2, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Julia Scherb-Forster
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärstraße 2, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Claus Schlicht
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärstraße 2, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center - Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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17
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Tian H, Xiang D, Wang B, Zhang W, Li C. Using hydrogels in dispersed phase of water-in-oil emulsion for encapsulating tea polyphenols to sustain their release. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Vilaró P, Sampl C, Teichert G, Schlemmer W, Hobisch M, Weissl M, Panizzolo L, Ferreira F, Spirk S. Interactions and Dissociation Constants of Galactomannan Rendered Cellulose Films with Concavalin A by SPR Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3040. [PMID: 33353119 PMCID: PMC7766192 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of biomolecules at interfaces are important for a variety of physiological processes. Among these, interactions of lectins with monosaccharides have been investigated extensively in the past, while polysaccharide-lectin interactions have scarcely been investigated. Here, we explore the adsorption of galactomannans (GM) extracted from Prosopis affinis on cellulose thin films determined by a combination of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (MP-SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The galactomannan adsorbs spontaneously on the cellulose surfaces forming monolayer type coverage (0.60 ± 0.20 mg·m-2). The interaction of a lectin, Concavalin A (ConA), with these GM rendered cellulose surfaces using MP-SPR has been investigated and the dissociation constant KD (2.1 ± 0.8 × 10-8 M) was determined in a range from 3.4 to 27.3 nM. The experiments revealed that the galactose side chains as well as the mannose reducing end of the GM are weakly interacting with the active sites of the lectins, whereas these interactions are potentially amplified by hydrophobic effects between the non-ionic GM and the lectins, thereby leading to an irreversible adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vilaró
- Sede Tacuarembó, Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Universidad de la República, CENUR Nores-te. Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay; (P.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Carina Sampl
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Gundula Teichert
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Werner Schlemmer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Weissl
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Luis Panizzolo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Sede Tacuarembó, Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Universidad de la República, CENUR Nores-te. Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay; (P.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
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19
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de Seixas-Junior CH, de Carvalho MM, Jacumazo J, Piazza RD, Parchen GP, de Freitas RA. Interaction of guar gum galactomannans with the anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:713-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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A facile quantitative characterization method of incomplete degradation products of galactomannan by ethanol fractional precipitation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Yadav H, Maiti S. Research progress in galactomannan-based nanomaterials: Synthesis and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2113-2126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Kaira GS, Kapoor M. Molecular advancements on over-expression, stability and catalytic aspects of endo-β-mannanases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:1-15. [PMID: 33032458 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1825320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of mannans by endo-β-mannanases continues to gather significance as exemplified by its commercial applications in food, feed, and a rekindled interest in biorefineries. The present review provides a comprehensive account of fundamental research and fascinating insights in the field of endo-β-mannanase engineering in order to improve over-expression and to decipher molecular determinants governing activity-stability during harsh conditions, substrate recognition, polysaccharide specificity, endo/exo mode of action and multi-functional activities in the modular polypeptide. In-depth analysis of the available literature has also been made on rational and directed evolution approaches, which have translated native endo-β-mannanases into superior biocatalysts for satisfying industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh Kaira
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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23
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Ramakrishna G, Srivastava H, Gaikwad K. A comprehensive review on leguminous galactomannans: structural analysis, functional properties, biosynthesis process and industrial applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:443-465. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1819196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Ramakrishna
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kishor Gaikwad
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi, India
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24
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da Silva LM, Araújo LFS, Alvez RC, Ono L, Sá DAT, da Cunha PLR, Monteiro de Paula RC, Maciel JS. Promising alternative gum: Extraction, characterization, and oxidation of the galactomannan of Cassia fistula. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:436-444. [PMID: 32980410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Galactomannan extracted from Cassia fistula seed endosperm present little data related to the its structural characterization. This study reports the chemical characterization of the galactomannan from Cassia fistula (CF) and their oxidized derivatives. The extracted CF presented a yield of 26.5% (w/w) and the intrinsic viscosity [η] was 9.73 dL/g. 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) confirmed that the polysaccharide has a backbone of 4-linked β-D-mannose units, and contains galactose units as pending groups. These galactose units are linked to the central core through a (1→6) linkage and the galactomannan presented Man/Gal ratio of 3.1/1. The galactomannan from Cassia fistula presents low cytotoxicity in Vero cells with a CC50 > 1000 μg/ml. The properties of CF resemble other commercially important galactomannans such as Locust bean gum. Three oxidized derivatives of CF were produced by periodate oxidation, which were carefully characterized by different structural techniques. It was observed that as the degree of oxidation increased, there was an increase in the Man/Gal ratio and a reduction in molar mass and viscosity. The polialdehyde produced may be explored as a versality material to react with amine group of the protein and amined polysaccharide to produce biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonira M da Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CP 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Santos Araújo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CP 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Couto Alvez
- Federal Institute Catarinense, IFC, Campus Luzerna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucy Ono
- Yasuyoshi Hayashi Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pablyana L R da Cunha
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CP 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Regina C Monteiro de Paula
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CP 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jeanny S Maciel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CP 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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25
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Sharma P, Gupta S, Soni PL, Kumar V. Ce(IV)-ion initiated grafting of 1,3 galactomannan biopolymer with acrylonitrile. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1735254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Dehra Dun, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Dehra Dun, India
| | - P. L. Soni
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Dehra Dun, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute (ICFRE), Dehra Dun, India
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26
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El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed HS, Ibrahim OA, Youssef AM. Rational design of chitosan/guar gum/zinc oxide bionanocomposites based on Roselle calyx extract for Ras cheese coating. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Das A, Kundu S, Ghosh SK, Basu A, Gupta M, Mukherjee A. Guar gum cinnamate ouzo nanoparticles for bacterial contact killing in water environment. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Carbamoylethyl locust bean gum: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of its film forming potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:348-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Xu W, Liu Y, Zhang F, Lei F, Wang K, Jiang J. Physicochemical characterization of Gleditsia triacanthos galactomannan during deposition and maturation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:821-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Martin AA, Sassaki GL, Sierakowski MR. Effect of adding galactomannans on some physical and chemical properties of hyaluronic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:527-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Bågenholm V, Wiemann M, Reddy SK, Bhattacharya A, Rosengren A, Logan DT, Stålbrand H. A surface-exposed GH26 β-mannanase from Bacteroides ovatus: Structure, role, and phylogenetic analysis of BoMan26B. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9100-9117. [PMID: 31000630 PMCID: PMC6556568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The galactomannan utilization locus (BoManPUL) of the human gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus encodes BoMan26B, a cell-surface–exposed endomannanase whose functional and structural features have been unclear. Our study now places BoMan26B in context with related enzymes and reveals the structural basis for its specificity. BoMan26B prefers longer substrates and is less restricted by galactose side-groups than the mannanase BoMan26A of the same locus. Using galactomannan, BoMan26B generated a mixture of (galactosyl) manno-oligosaccharides shorter than mannohexaose. Three defined manno-oligosaccharides had affinity for the SusD-like surface–exposed glycan-binding protein, predicted to be implicated in saccharide transport. Co-incubation of BoMan26B and the periplasmic α-galactosidase BoGal36A increased the rate of galactose release by about 10-fold compared with the rate without BoMan26B. The results suggested that BoMan26B performs the initial attack on galactomannan, generating oligosaccharides that after transport to the periplasm are processed by BoGal36A. A crystal structure of BoMan26B with galactosyl-mannotetraose bound in subsites −5 to −2 revealed an open and long active-site cleft with Trp-112 in subsite −5 concluded to be involved in mannosyl interaction. Moreover, Lys-149 in the −4 subsite interacted with the galactosyl side-group of the ligand. A phylogenetic tree consisting of GH26 enzymes revealed four strictly conserved GH26 residues and disclosed that BoMan26A and BoMan26B reside on two distinct phylogenetic branches (A and B). The three other branches contain lichenases, xylanases, or enzymes with unknown activities. Lys-149 is conserved in a narrow part of branch B, and Trp-112 is conserved in a wider group within branch B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Bågenholm
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
| | - Mathias Wiemann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
| | - Sumitha K Reddy
- the Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7015, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abhishek Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
| | - Anna Rosengren
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
| | - Derek T Logan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P. O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden and
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Gadkari PV, Reaney MJ, Ghosh S. Assessment of gelation behaviour of fenugreek gum and other galactomannans by dynamic viscoelasticity, fractal analysis and temperature cycle. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marques MS, Zepon ΚM, Heckler JM, Morisso FDP, da Silva Paula MM, Κanis LA. One-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles embedded in polysaccharide-based hydrogel: Physical-chemical characterization and feasibility for large-scale production. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:838-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Kaira GS, Kapoor M. How substrate subsites in GH26 endo-mannanase contribute towards mannan binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:358-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumar N, Banerjee C, Kumar N, Jagadevan S. A novel non-starch based cationic polymer as flocculant for harvesting microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:383-390. [PMID: 30296745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work intends towards the preparation of different grades of cationic locust bean gum biopolymer (CLBG) through the incorporation of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) on to the pristine locust bean gum (LBG) biopolymer. Among them the best grade was further selected, characterized and their flocculation efficacy was evaluated towards harvesting of three different indigenous isolated green microalgae viz. Chlorella sp. NCQ, Micractinium sp. NCS2 and Scenedesmus sp. CBIIT(ISM). Flocculation efficiency of 96.68%, 96.64%, and 97.42% were obtained for Chlorella sp. NCQ, Micractinium sp. NCS2 and Scenedesmus sp. CBIIT(ISM) at an optimum dosage of 55, 40, and 30 ppm respectively. Thus CLBG was proven to be an efficient flocculant towards harvesting of green microalgae than its natural form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwas Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Hetero Labs Limited, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad 500055, India
| | - Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
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Modelling the effect of guar gum on physical, optical, barrier and mechanical properties of potato starch based composite film. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:498-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Jo W, Bak JH, Yoo B. Rheological characterizations of concentrated binary gum mixtures with xanthan gum and galactomannans. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:263-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Wu Y, Ding W, He Q. The gelation properties of tara gum blended with κ-carrageenan or xanthan. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Isolation and characterization of galactomannans from Prosopis affinis as potential gum substitutes. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Isolation, fine structure and morphology studies of galactomannan from endosperm of Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Loullis A, Pinakoulaki E. Carob as cocoa substitute: a review on composition, health benefits and food applications. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-3018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Agoub AA, Xie X, Morris ER. Enhanced self-association and “weak gel” rheology of microdispersed oxidised cellulose (MDOC) by low concentrations of guar gum. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chouana T, Pierre G, Vial C, Gardarin C, Wadouachi A, Cailleu D, Le Cerf D, Boual Z, Ould El Hadj M, Michaud P, Delattre C. Structural characterization and rheological properties of a galactomannan from Astragalus gombo Bunge seeds harvested in Algerian Sahara. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:387-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Kurek M, Ščetar M, Galić K. Edible coatings minimize fat uptake in deep fat fried products: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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He H, Ye J, Zhang X, Huang Y, Li X, Xiao M. κ-Carrageenan/locust bean gum as hard capsule gelling agents. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:417-424. [PMID: 28917884 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel gelling agent, comprising blended κ-carrageenan (κ-C), a seaweed polysaccharide and locust bean gum (LBG), was used to prepare hard capsules. The distinct synergism between κ-C and LBG were verified by the textural profile analysis (TPA), FTIR and rheological measurement. Afterwards, films and hard capsules were prepared with the optimized LBG/κ-C blend gel. And the mechanical properties and morphology of films and hard capsules were analyzed by tensile testing and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the LBG/κ-C at 1:3 ratio could serve as an excellent gelling agent, which endowed hard capsule with the promoted mechanical properties, homogenous and smooth surface morphology. This work suggests that a novel blended LBG/κ-C gelling agent successfully prepared for hard capsules with improving physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghuang He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Gillet S, Aguedo M, Petrut R, Olive G, Anastas P, Blecker C, Richel A. Structure impact of two galactomannan fractions on their viscosity properties in dilute solution, unperturbed state and gel state. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:550-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Larsbrink J, Tuveng TR, Pope PB, Bulone V, Eijsink VG, Brumer H, McKee LS. Proteomic insights into mannan degradation and protein secretion by the forest floor bacterium Chitinophaga pinensis. J Proteomics 2017; 156:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Szopinski D, Luinstra GA. Viscoelastic properties of aqueous guar gum derivative solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Tewoldebrhan TA, Appuhamy JADRN, Lee JJ, Niu M, Seo S, Jeong S, Kebreab E. Exogenous β-mannanase improves feed conversion efficiency and reduces somatic cell count in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:244-252. [PMID: 28341045 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes have been shown to be a promising way to improve feed conversion efficiency (FCE). β-Mannanase is an important enzyme digesting the polysaccharide β-mannan in hemicellulose. Supplementation of diets with β-mannanase to improve FCE has been more extensively studied in nonruminants than in ruminants. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of β-mannanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, FCE, and nitrogen utilization in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Twelve post-peak-lactation multiparous Holstein cows producing 45.5±6.6kg/d of milk at 116±19.0d in milk were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatments in a 3×3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 18d (15d for adaptation plus 3d for sample collection). All cows were fed the same basal diet and the 3 treatments differed only by the β-mannanase dose: 0% dry matter (DM; control), 0.1% of DM (low supplement, LS), and 0.2% of DM (high supplement, HS) supplemented to the basal diet. Supplementation of β-mannanase enzyme at the LS dose reduced dry matter intake (DMI) but did not affect milk yield or milk composition. Cows receiving LS produced 90g more milk per kg of DMI compared with control cows. Somatic cell count (SCC) in milk was lower for cows fed the LS diet compared with cows fed control diets. Cows fed LS diet had lower DM, organic matter and crude protein digestibility compared with cows fed control diets. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility were not affected by LS. Milk yield, DMI, SCC, and nutrient digestibility did not change for HS. Despite the reduced crude protein digestibility, reduced N intake led to similar fecal N excretions in LS cows and control cows (234 vs. 235g/cow per day). Urinary N excretions remained similar between enzyme-fed and control cows (~190g/cow per day), although the percentage of N intake partitioned to urinary N tended to be greater in LS than in control cows (31 vs. 27%). Cows fed LS significantly improved the percentage of apparently absorbed N partitioned to milk protein N (42 vs. 38%). When supplemented at 0.1% of dietary DM, β-mannanase can improve FCE and lower the SCC of dairy cows without affecting milk yield, milk composition, or total manure N excretions of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Tewoldebrhan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | | | - J-J Lee
- CTCBio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea 05842
| | - M Niu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S Seo
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jeong
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616.
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