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Shortall SM, Marangoni DG, Wettig SD. Mixing behaviour of Pluronics with gemini surfactant/plasmid DNA condensates: effect of Pluronic composition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26121-26135. [PMID: 32909022 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles prepared from plasmid DNA (pDNA) and N,N-bis(dimethylhexadecyl)-1,3-propanediammonium bromide (16-3-16) have been mixed with various Pluronic block copolymers and investigated as binary surfactant systems in water using the previously demonstrated critical aggregation concentration of the surfactant-DNA complex. Surface tensiometry was used to determine critical micelle concentrations of mixed micelles formed within these Pluronic/16-3-16/pDNA mixtures. Use of mixed micelle theories reveals that mixed micelle composition and the interaction parameter, β, are influenced by the structure, in particular hydrophobicity, of the Pluronic component. Ethidium bromide fluorescence studies demonstrate the ability of the Pluronics to de-condense the plasmid DNA from the cationic 16-3-16 gemini surfactant complex, and show some relationship to the interaction parameter and Pluronic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shortall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Zhang S, Xiang S, Yang J, Shi J, Guan X, Jiang J, Wei Y, Luo C, Shi D, Lu F. Optimization of parthenogenetic activation of rabbit oocytes and development of rabbit embryo by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:258-269. [PMID: 30220080 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored a suitable parthenogenetic activation (PA) procedure for rabbit oocytes and investigated the developmental potential of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using rabbit foetal fibroblasts (RFFs). The electrical activation had the optimal rate of blastocyst (14.06%) when oocytes were activated by three direct current (DC) pulses (40 V/mm, 20 μs each) followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and cycloheximide (CHX) treatment; the blastocyst rate of ionomycin (ION) + 6-DMAP + CHX (12.07%) activation was higher than that of ION + 6-DMAP (8.6%) activation or ION + CHX (1.24%) activation; there was no significant difference in blastocyst rate between ION + 6-DMAP + CHX and DC + 6-DMAP + CHX groups. The blastocyst rate of ION + 6-DMAP + CHX-activated oocytes in the basic rabbit culture medium (M-199) + 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; 14.28%) was higher than that in buffalo conditioned medium (5.75%) or G1/G2 medium (0), and the blastocyst rate was increased when M-199 + 10% FBS was supplemented with amino acids. Refreshing culture medium every day or every other day significantly increased the blastocyst rate. Treatment of donor cells with 0.5% FBS for 3-5 days increased blastocyst rate of SCNT embryos (33.33%) than no serum starvation (22.47%) or 0.5% FBS treatment for 6-9 days (23.61%); the blastocyst rate of SCNT embryos derived from nontransgenic RFFs was higher than that derived from transgenic RFFs by electroporation. The blastocyst development ability of SCNT embryos derived from RFFs by electroporation (32.22%) was higher than that of liposome (19.11%) or calcium phosphate (20.00%) transfection, and only the embryos from electroporation group have the EGFP expression (24.44%). In conclusion, this study for the first time systematically optimized the conditions for yield of rabbit embryo by SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shu Xiang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Department of Reproductive Medical Center, Kunming Calmette International Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jinji Yang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyue Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomei Guan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chan Luo
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Polyethylenimine-based polyplex nanoparticles and features of their behavior in cells and tissues. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stilhano RS, Martins L, Ingham SJM, Pesquero JB, Huard J. Gene and cell therapy for muscle regeneration. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2015; 8:182-187. [PMID: 25899573 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-015-9268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injury and healing are multifactorial processes, involving three steps of healing: (1) degeneration and inflammation, (2) regeneration, and (3) fibrosis. Fibrous tissue hinders the muscle's complete recovery and current therapies fail in achieving total muscle recovery. Gene and cell therapy (or both) are potential future treatments for severe muscular injuries. Stem cells' properties associated with growth factors or/and cytokines can improve muscle healing and permit long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sessa Stilhano
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Martins
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Mirassol, 207 - Vila Clementino, 04044-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Combining polyethylenimine and Fe(III) for mediating pDNA transfection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1325-35. [PMID: 25701646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential use of Fe(III) ions in biomedical applications may predict the interest of its combination with pDNA-PEI polyplexes. The present work aims at assessing the impact of this metal on pDNA complex properties. METHODS Variations in the formation of complexes were imposed by using two types of biological buffers at different salt conditions. The incorporation of pDNA in complexes was characterised by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering. Transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were evaluated in HeLa and HUH-7 cell lines, supported by flow cytometry assays. RESULTS Fe(III) enhances pDNA incorporation in the complex, irrespective of the buffer used. Transfection studies reveal that the addition of Fe(III) to complexes at low ionic strength reduces gene transfection, while those prepared under high salt content do not affect or, in a specific case, increase gene transfection up to 5 times. This increase may be a consequence of a favoured interaction of polyplexes with cell membrane and uptake. At low salt conditions, results attained with chloroquine indicate that the metal may inhibit polyplex endosomal escape. A reduction on the amount of PEI (N/P 5) formed at intermediary ionic strength, complemented by Fe(III), reduces the size of complexes while maintaining a transfection efficiency similar to that obtained to N/P 6. CONCLUSIONS Fe(III) emerges as a good supporting condensing agent to modulate pDNA-PEI properties, including condensation, size and cytotoxicity, without a large penalty on gene transfection. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights important aspects that govern pDNA transfection and elucidates the benefits of incorporating the versatile Fe(III) in a gene delivery system.
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Abstract
For the last five decades cationic polymers have been used for nucleic acids transfection. Our understanding of polymer-nucleic acid interactions and their rational use in delivery has continuously increased. The great improvements in macromolecular chemistry and the recognition of distinct biological extra- and intracellular delivery hurdles triggered several breakthrough developments, including the discovery of natural and synthetic polycations for compaction of nucleic acids into stable nanoparticles termed polyplexes; the incorporation of targeting ligands and surface-shielding of polyplexes to enable receptor-mediated gene delivery into defined target tissues; and strongly improved intracellular transfer efficacy by better endosomal escape of vesicle-trapped polyplexes into the cytosol. These experiences triggered the development of second-generation polymers with more dynamic properties, such as endosomal pH-responsive release mechanisms, or biodegradable units for improved biocompatibility and intracellular release of the nucleic acid pay load. Despite a better biological understanding, significant challenges such as efficient nuclear delivery and persistence of gene expression persist. The therapeutic perspectives widened from pDNA-based gene therapy to application of novel therapeutic nucleic acids including mRNA, siRNA, and microRNA. The finding that different therapeutic pay loads require different tailor-made carriers complicates preclinical developments. Convincing evidence of medical efficacy still remains to be demonstrated. Bioinspired multifunctional polyplexes resembling "synthetic viruses" appear as attractive opportunity, but provide additional challenges: how to identify optimum combinations of functional delivery units, and how to prepare such polyplexes reproducibly in precise form? Design of sequence-defined polymers, screening of combinatorial polymer and polyplex libraries are tools for further chemical evolution of polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich, Germany
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Lai TC, Kataoka K, Kwon GS. Bioreducible polyether-based pDNA ternary polyplexes: balancing particle stability and transfection efficiency. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 99:27-37. [PMID: 22000077 PMCID: PMC5006184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyplex particles formed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and Pluronic P85-block-poly{N-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} (P85-b-P[Asp(DET)]) demonstrated highly effective transfection ability compared to PEG-based block cationomer, PEG-b-P[Asp(DET)]. Ternary polyplexes comprising PEG-b-P[Asp(DET)], poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-P[Asp(DET)] (P(EPE)-b-P[Asp(DET)]) used as an analog of P85-b-P[Asp(DET)], and pDNA were prepared in this work aiming at maintaining adequate transfection efficiency while solving the stability issues of the P85-b-P[Asp(DET)] polyplexes. Furthermore, a bioreducible P(EPE)-SS-P[Asp(DET)] possessing a redox potential-sensitive disulfide linkage between the P(EPE) polymer and the cationic block was used as a substitute for P(EPE)-b-P[Asp(DET)] during ternary complex formation to investigate whether the transfection ability of the ternary polyplex system could be enhanced by triggered release of P(EPE) polymers from the polyplexes. The ternary complexes showed significant improvement in terms of stability against salt-induced aggregation compared to binary complexes, although the gene delivery ability dropped with the amount of PEG-b-P[Asp(DET)] used for complexation. By manipulating the difference in redox potential between the extracellular and intracellular environments, the reducible ternary complexes achieved higher transfection compared to the non-reducible polyplexes; moreover, the reducible polyplexes exhibited comparable stability to the non-reducible ones. These results suggest that reducible ternary complexes could provide satisfactory transfection efficiency without comprising the colloidal stability of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chung Lai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Glen S. Kwon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
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Durymanov MO, Beletkaia EA, Ulasov AV, Khramtsov YV, Trusov GA, Rodichenko NS, Slastnikova TA, Vinogradova TV, Uspenskaya NY, Kopantsev EP, Rosenkranz AA, Sverdlov ED, Sobolev AS. Subcellular trafficking and transfection efficacy of polyethylenimine-polyethylene glycol polyplex nanoparticles with a ligand to melanocortin receptor-1. J Control Release 2012; 163:211-9. [PMID: 22964392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and investigated properties of new PEI-PEG-based polyplexes containing MC1SP-peptide, a ligand specific for melanocortin receptor-1 (targeted polyplexes), and control polyplexes without this ligand peptide (non-targeted polyplexes). The targeted polyplexes demonstrated receptor-mediated transfection of Cloudman S91 (clone M-3) murine melanoma cells that was more efficient than with the non-targeted ones. Transfection with the targeted polyplexes was inhibited by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, and, to a lesser extent, by filipin III or nystatin, inhibitors of the lipid-raft endocytosis pathway, whereas transfection with the non-targeted polyplexes was inhibited mainly by nystatin or filipin III. The targeted polyplexes caused significantly higher in vivo transfection of melanoma tumor cells after intratumoral administration compared to the non-targeted control. The targeted polyplexes carrying the HSVtk gene, after ganciclovir administration, more efficiently inhibited melanoma tumor growth and prolonged the lifespan of DBA/2 tumor-bearing mice compared to the non-targeted ones. Packed targeted polyplexes appeared and accumulated in the melanoma cells 6h earlier than the non-targeted ones. The targeted polyplexes enter into the nuclei of the melanoma cells more rapidly than the non-targeted control, and this difference may also be attributed to processes of receptor-mediated endocytosis. We believe that these data may be useful for the optimization of polyplex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Durymanov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5, Vavilov St., 119334, Moscow, Russia.
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Irmak MK, Oztas Y, Oztas E. Integration of maternal genome into the neonate genome through breast milk mRNA transcripts and reverse transcriptase. Theor Biol Med Model 2012; 9:20. [PMID: 22676860 PMCID: PMC3413567 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk samples contain microvesicles similar to the retroviruses. These microvesicles contain mRNA transcripts and possess reverse transcriptase activity. They contain about 14,000 transcripts representing the milk transcriptome. Microvesicles are also enriched with proteins related to "caveolar-mediated endocytosis signaling" pathway. It has recently been reported that microvesicles could be transferred to other cells by endocytosis and their RNA content can be translated and be functional in their new location. A significant percentage of the mammalian genome appears to be the product of reverse transcription, containing sequences whose characteristics point to RNA as a template precursor. These are mobile elements that move by way of transposition and are called retrotransposons. We thought that retrotransposons may stem from about 14,000 transcriptome of breast milk microvesicles, and reviewed the literature.The enhanced acceptance of maternal allografts in children who were breast-fed and tolerance to the maternal MHC antigens after breastfeeding may stem from RNAs of the breast milk microvesicles that can be taken up by the breastfed infant and receiving maternal genomic information. We conclude that milk microvesicles may transfer genetic signals from mother to neonate during breastfeeding. Moreover, transfer of wild type RNA from a healthy wet-nurse to the suckling neonate through the milk microvesicles and its subsequent reverse transcription and integration into the neonate genome could result in permanent correction of the clinical manifestations in genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kemal Irmak
- High Council of Science, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Scholz C, Wagner E. Therapeutic plasmid DNA versus siRNA delivery: common and different tasks for synthetic carriers. J Control Release 2011; 161:554-65. [PMID: 22123560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy offers great opportunities for the treatment of severe diseases including cancer. In recent years the design of synthetic carriers for nucleic acid delivery has become a research field of increasing interest. Studies on the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) have brought up a variety of gene delivery vehicles. The more recently emerged gene silencing strategy by the intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) takes benefit from existing expertise in pDNA transfer. Despite common properties however, delivery of siRNA also faces distinct challenges due to apparent differences in size, stability of the formed nucleic acid complexes, the location and mechanism of action. This review emphasizes the common aspects and main differences between pDNA and siRNA delivery, taking into consideration a wide spectrum of polymer-based, lipidic and peptide carriers. Challenges and opportunities which result from these differences as well as the recent progress made in the optimization of carrier design are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scholz
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Díaz-Moscoso A, Guilloteau N, Bienvenu C, Méndez-Ardoy A, Jiménez Blanco JL, Benito JM, Le Gourriérec L, Di Giorgio C, Vierling P, Defaye J, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Mannosyl-coated nanocomplexes from amphiphilic cyclodextrins and pDNA for site-specific gene delivery. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu H, Nie Y, Dohmen C, Li Y, Wagner E. Epidermal Growth Factor–PEG Functionalized PAMAM-Pentaethylenehexamine Dendron for Targeted Gene Delivery Produced by Click Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2039-47. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101464n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yu
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Nie
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Dohmen
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yunqiu Li
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center of Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Functional Polymer Conjugates for Medicinal Nucleic Acid Delivery. POLYMERS IN NANOMEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Izsvák Z, Hackett PB, Cooper LJN, Ivics Z. Translating Sleeping Beauty transposition into cellular therapies: victories and challenges. Bioessays 2010; 32:756-67. [PMID: 20652893 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent results confirm that long-term expression of therapeutic transgenes can be achieved by using a transposon-based system in primary stem cells and in vivo. Transposable elements are natural DNA transfer vehicles that are capable of efficient genomic insertion. The latest generation, Sleeping Beauty transposon-based hyperactive vector (SB100X), is able to address the basic problem of non-viral approaches - that is, low efficiency of stable gene transfer. The combination of transposon-based non-viral gene transfer with the latest improvements of non-viral delivery techniques could provide a long-term therapeutic effect without compromising biosafety. The new challenges of pre-clinical research will focus on further refinement of the technology in large animal models and improving the safety profile of SB vectors by target-selected transgene integration into genomic "safe harbors." The first clinical application of the SB system will help to validate the safety of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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Edinger D, Wagner E. Bioresponsive polymers for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:33-46. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Edinger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
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Rao NM. Cationic lipid-mediated nucleic acid delivery: beyond being cationic. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maurisse R, De Semir D, Emamekhoo H, Bedayat B, Abdolmohammadi A, Parsi H, Gruenert DC. Comparative transfection of DNA into primary and transformed mammalian cells from different lineages. BMC Biotechnol 2010; 10:9. [PMID: 20144189 PMCID: PMC2830169 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-10-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The delivery of DNA into human cells has been the basis of advances in the understanding of gene function and the development of genetic therapies. Numerous chemical and physical approaches have been used to deliver the DNA, but their efficacy has been variable and is highly dependent on the cell type to be transfected. Results Studies were undertaken to evaluate and compare the transfection efficacy of several chemical reagents to that of the electroporation/nucleofection system using both adherent cells (primary and transformed airway epithelial cells and primary fibroblasts as well as embryonic stem cells) and cells in suspension (primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and lymphoblasts). With the exception of HEK 293 cell transfection, nucleofection proved to be less toxic and more efficient at effectively delivering DNA into the cells as determined by cell proliferation and GFP expression, respectively. Lipofectamine and nucleofection of HEK 293 were essentially equivalent in terms of toxicity and efficiency. Transient transfection efficiency in all the cell systems ranged from 40%-90%, with minimal toxicity and no apparent species specificity. Differences in efficiency and toxicity were cell type/system specific. Conclusions In general, the Amaxa electroporation/nucleofection system appears superior to other chemical systems. However, there are cell-type and species specific differences that need to be evaluated empirically to optimize the conditions for transfection efficiency and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Maurisse
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hart SL. Multifunctional nanocomplexes for gene transfer and gene therapy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2010; 26:69-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Antoniou X, Borsello T. Cell Permeable Peptides: A Promising Tool to Deliver Neuroprotective Agents in the Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:379-392. [PMID: 27713257 PMCID: PMC4033915 DOI: 10.3390/ph3020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of most drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and/or plasma membrane limits their use for biomedical applications in the brain. Cell Permeable Peptides (CPPs) overcome this problem and are effective in vivo, crossing the plasma membrane and the blood-brain barrier. CPPs deliver a wide variety of compounds intracellularly in an active form. In fact, many bioactive cargoes have neuroprotective properties, and due to their ability to block protein-protein interactions, offer exciting perspectives in the clinical setting. In this review we give an overview of the Cell Permeable Peptides strategy to deliver neuroprotectants against neurodegeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Antoniou
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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Cationic lipids: molecular structure/ transfection activity relationships and interactions with biomembranes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:51-93. [PMID: 21504100 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Synthetic cationic lipids, which form complexes (lipoplexes) with polyanionic DNA, are presently the most widely used constituents of nonviral gene carriers. A large number of cationic amphiphiles have been synthesized and tested in transfection studies. However, due to the complexity of the transfection pathway, no general schemes have emerged for correlating the cationic lipid chemistry with their transfection efficacy and the approaches for optimizing their molecular structures are still largely empirical. Here we summarize data on the relationships between transfection activity and cationic lipid molecular structure and demonstrate that the transfection activity depends in a systematic way on the lipid hydrocarbon chain structure. A number of examples, including a large series of cationic phosphatidylcholine derivatives, show that optimum transfection is displayed by lipids with chain length of approximately 14 carbon atoms and that the transfection efficiency strongly increases with increase of chain unsaturation, specifically upon replacement of saturated with monounsaturated chains.
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Abstract
Plasmid DNA and siRNA have a large potential for use as therapeutic nucleic acids in medicine. The way to the target cell and its proper compartment is full of obstacles. Polymeric carriers help to overcome the encountered barriers. Cationic polymers can interact with the nucleic acid in a nondamaging way but still require optimization with regard to transfer efficiency and biocompatibility. Aiming at virus-like features, as viruses are the most efficient natural gene carriers, the design of bioresponsive polymers shows promising results regarding DNA and siRNA delivery. By specific chemical modifications dynamic structures are created, programmed to respond towards changing demands on the delivery pathway by cleavage of labile bonds or conformational changes, thus enhancing biocompatible gene delivery.
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D'Souza GGM, Weissig V. Subcellular targeting: a new frontier for drug-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers and the concept of the magic bullet. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1135-48. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903236101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hervé F, Ghinea N, Scherrmann JM. CNS delivery via adsorptive transcytosis. AAPS J 2008; 10:455-72. [PMID: 18726697 PMCID: PMC2761699 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorptive-mediated transcytosis (AMT) provides a means for brain delivery of medicines across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is readily equipped for the AMT process: it provides both the potential for binding and uptake of cationic molecules to the luminal surface of endothelial cells, and then for exocytosis at the abluminal surface. The transcytotic pathways present at the BBB and its morphological and enzymatic properties provide the means for movement of the molecules through the endothelial cytoplasm. AMT-based drug delivery to the brain was performed using cationic proteins and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Protein cationization using either synthetic or natural polyamines is discussed and some examples of diamine/polyamine modified proteins that cross BBB are described. Two main families of CPPs belonging to the Tat-derived peptides and Syn-B vectors have been extensively used in CPP vector-mediated strategies allowing delivery of a large variety of small molecules as well as proteins across cell membranes in vitro and the BBB in vivo. CPP strategy suffers from several limitations such as toxicity and immunogenicity--like the cationization strategy--as well as the instability of peptide vectors in biological media. The review concludes by stressing the need to improve the understanding of AMT mechanisms at BBB and the effectiveness of cationized proteins and CPP-vectorized proteins as neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Hervé
- UFR Biomédicale, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UPR2228, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, France.
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Membrane-active peptides for non-viral gene therapy: making the safest easier. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:267-75. [PMID: 18358551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene therapy uses engineered nanoparticles in the virus size range for the cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. A diverse range of macromolecules are suitable for constructing such 'artificial viruses'. However, proteins, either man-made or from natural sources, are especially convenient for mimicking the viral functions critical for gene transfer. Cell penetration is a critical step for the delivery of nucleic acids in sufficient amounts and hence for reaching satisfactory transgene expression levels. Membrane-active peptides have shown great promise because of their positive role in cross-membrane transport and intracellular trafficking, and they have been incorporated into different artificial viruses. In this review, we will discuss the biological properties of these peptides together with the newest rational approaches designed to optimize their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Driessen WHP, Fujii N, Tamamura H, Sullivan SM. Development of peptide-targeted lipoplexes to CXCR4-expressing rat glioma cells and rat proliferating endothelial cells. Mol Ther 2008; 16:516-24. [PMID: 18195720 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide analog, 4-fluorobenzoyl-RR-(L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine)-CYEK-(L-citrulline)-PYR-(L-citrulline)-CR, covalently linked to a phospholipid, was used for targeting a lipid-based gene delivery vehicle to CXCR4(+)-cells. Characterization of transfection activity was done in vitro using a transformed rat glioma cell line (RG2) that expresses CXCR4. The substitution of the targeting lipid at increasing mole percentages in the place of helper lipids yielded a progressive increase in reporter gene expression, reaching a maximum of 2.5 times the control value at 20 mol% of ligand. The substitution of helper lipids with cysteine-derivatized phospholipid analog or phosphatidylethanolamine resulted in a progressive decrease in transfection activity, with complete inactivation of the complex occurring at 20 mol%. A DNA dose-response with 10 mol% of lipopeptide reduced the effective DNA dose at least fivefold with regard to the number of transfected cells and >20-fold with regard to the amount of gene expression. Gene transfer to rat endothelial cells was studied in the context of an arterial organ culture. Mesenteric arteries were cannulated and maintained in culture for up to 4 days. CXCR4 cell-surface expression on endothelial cells was induced after overnight incubation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Gene transfer studies showed that only the peptide-targeted lipoplexes transfected the endothelium, and only after CXCR4 had been induced with VEGF. These results demonstrate that non-viral transfection complexes can be targeted to cells expressing CXCR4, and that gene transfer is dependent upon cell surface receptor expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H P Driessen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier, protects and regulates the homeostasis of the brain. However, these barriers also limit the transport of small-molecule and, particularly, biopharmaceutical drugs such as proteins, genes and interference RNA to the brain, thereby limiting the treatment of many brain diseases. As a result, various drug delivery and targeting strategies are currently being developed to enhance the transport and distribution of drugs into the brain. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology and physiology of the BBB as the most important barrier for drug transport to the brain and, in more detail, the possibilities for delivering large-molecule drugs, particularly genes, by receptor-mediated nonviral drug delivery to the (human) brain. In addition, the systemic and intracellular pharmacokinetics of nonviral gene delivery, together with targeted brain imaging, are reviewed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus G de Boer
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Research Group, Division of Pharmacology, Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative and infectious disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke are rapidly increasing as population's age. Alzheimer's disease alone currently affects 4.5 million Americans, and more than $100 billion is spent per year on medical and institutional care for affected people. Such numbers will double in the ensuing decades. Currently disease diagnosis for all disorders is made, in large measure, on clinical grounds as laboratory and neuroimaging tests confirm what is seen by more routine examination. Achieving early diagnosis would enable improved disease outcomes. Drugs, vaccines or regenerative proteins present "real" possibilities for positively affecting disease outcomes, but are limited in that their entry into the brain is commonly restricted across the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights how these obstacles can be overcome by polymer science and nanotechnology. Such approaches may improve diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes. New developments in polymer science coupled with cell-based delivery strategies support the notion that diseases that now have limited therapeutic options can show improved outcomes by advances in nanomedicine.
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Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a sanctuary site and is protected by various barriers. These regulate brain homeostasis and the transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds by controlling their selective and specific uptake, efflux, and metabolism in the brain. Unfortunately, potential drugs for the treatment of most brain diseases are therefore often not able to cross these barriers. As a result, various drug delivery and targeting strategies are currently being developed to enhance the transport and distribution of drugs into the brain. Here we discuss briefly the biology and physiology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebro-spinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB), and, in more detail, the possibilities for delivering large-molecular-weight drugs by local and global delivery and by viral and receptor-mediated nonviral drug delivery to the (human) brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G de Boer
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Division of Pharmacology, Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kumar LD, Clarke AR. Gene manipulation through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA): from in vitro to in vivo applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:87-100. [PMID: 17434644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conventional approach to investigate genotype-phenotype relationships has been the generation of gene targeted murine strains. However, the emergence of RNAi technologies has opened the possibility of much more rapid (and indeed more cost effective) genetic manipulation in vivo at the level of the transcriptome. Successful application of RNAi in vivo depends on intracellular targeted delivery of siRNA/shRNA molecules for efficient knockdown of the desired gene. In this review, we discuss the rationale and different strategies of using siRNA/shRNA for accomplishing the silencing of targeted genes in a spatial and /or temporally regulated manner. We also summarise the steps involved in extending these approaches to in vivo applications, with a specific focus upon the development of silencing in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Boeckle S, Wagner E. Optimizing targeted gene delivery: chemical modification of viral vectors and synthesis of artificial virus vector systems. AAPS JOURNAL 2007; 8:E731-42. [PMID: 17285739 PMCID: PMC2751370 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to classical medicines, gene therapy has the potential to mediate the highest possible level of therapeutic specificity. Every normal or diseased cell can switch on or off a gene expression cassette in a tissue-, disease-, and time-dependent fashion, by use of specific transcription factors that are active only in a given unique situation. In practice, we face the problem in realizing the concept: the delivery of nucleic acids into target cells is very ineffective and presents a formidable challenge. Key issues for future developments include improved targeting, enhanced intracellular uptake, and reduced toxicity of gene vectors. The currently used classes of vectors have complementary characteristics, such as high intracellular efficiency of viral vectors on the one hand and low immunogenicity and greater flexibility of nonviral vectors on the other hand. The merge of viral and nonviral vector technologies is highlighted as an encouraging strategy for the future; concepts include chemically modified viral vectors ("chemo-viruses") and synthesis of virus-like systems ("synthetic viruses"). Examples for the development of vectors toward artificial synthetic viruses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Boeckle
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Faneca H, Cabrita AS, Simões S, Pedroso de Lima MC. Evaluation of the antitumoral effect mediated by IL-12 and HSV-tk genes when delivered by a novel lipid-based system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:1093-102. [PMID: 17296164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we used a novel albumin-associated lipoplex formulation, containing the cationic lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EPOPC) and cholesterol (Chol), to evaluate the antitumoral efficacy of two gene therapy strategies: immuno-gene therapy, mediated by IL-12 gene expression, and "suicide" gene therapy, mediated by HSV-tk gene expression followed by ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. Our data show that, in an animal model bearing a subcutaneous TSA (mouse mammary adenocarcinoma) tumor, intratumoral administration of the albumin-associated complexes containing the plasmid encoding IL-12 results in a strong antitumoral effect, as demonstrated by the smaller tumor size, the higher T-lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the more extensive tumor necrotic and hemorrhagic areas, as compared to that observed in animals treated with control complexes. On the other hand, the application of the "suicide" gene therapy strategy results in a significant antitumoral activity, which is similar to that achieved with the immuno-gene therapy strategy, although involving different antineoplastic mechanisms. For the tested model, albumin-associated complexes were shown to efficiently mediate intratumoral delivery of therapeutic genes, thus leading to a significant antitumoral effect. This finding is particularly relevant since TSA tumors are characterized for being poorly immunogenic, aggressive and exhibiting high proliferation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Faneca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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32
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Järver P, Langel U. Cell-penetrating peptides—A brief introduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:260-3. [PMID: 16574060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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