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Nguyen KC, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of a BC-Dihydrodipyrrin Building Block of Bacteriochlorophyll a. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11205-11216. [PMID: 37471708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a relies on joining AD and BC halves that contain the requisite stereochemical configurations of the target macrocycle. The BC half (1) is a dihydrodipyrrin bearing a dimethoxymethyl group at the 1-position, a β-ketoester at the 8-position, and (R)-2-methyl and (R)-3-ethyl substituents in the pyrroline ring. An established route to AD-dihydrodipyrrins (Pd-mediated coupling of a 2-halopyrrole with a chiral 4-pentynoic acid followed by Petasis methenylation, acidic hydrolysis, Paal-Knorr ring closure, and Riley oxidation) proved to be unviable for BC-dihydrodipyrrins given the presence of the β-ketoester unit. A route presented here entails Pd-mediated coupling of a 2-halopyrrole (2) with (3R,4R)-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethoxy-3-methylhex-5-yn-2-one (3), anti-Markovnikov hydration of the alkyne to give the 1,4-diketone, and Paal-Knorr ring closure. Compound 3 was prepared by Schreiber-modified Nicholas reaction beginning with (S)-4-isopropyl-3-propionyloxazolidin-2-one and the hexacarbonyldicobalt complex of (±) 3-methoxy-1-(trimethylsilyl)pentyne followed by transformation of the aldehyde derived therefrom to the 1,1-dimethoxymethylcarbonyl motif. The absolute stereochemical configuration of the Schreiber-Nicholas alkylation product was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, whereas the BC half (1) by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed a J value of 2.9 Hz consistent with the trans-configuration. Taken together, the route provides a key chiral building block for the synthesis of photosynthetic tetrapyrroles and analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Chau Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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2
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont MA, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In-Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24043-24047. [PMID: 34487611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inactivation of antitumor drugs toward healthy cells is a critical factor in prodrug development. Typically, pharmaceutical chemists graft temporary moieties to existing antitumor drugs to reduce their pharmacological activity. Here, we report a platform able to generate the cytotoxic agent by intramolecular cyclization. Using phenanthridines as cytotoxic model compounds, we designed ring-opened biaryl precursors that generated the phenanthridines through bioorthogonal irreversible imination. This reaction was triggered by reactive oxygen species, commonly overproduced in cancer cells, able to convert a vinyl boronate ester function into a ketone that subsequently reacted with a pendant aniline. An inactive precursor was shown to engender a cytotoxic phenanthridine against KB cancer cells. Moreover, the kinetic of cyclization of this prodrug was extremely rapid inside living cells of KB cancer spheroids so as to circumvent drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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3
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont M, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In‐Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Marie‐Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
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Saied KF, Abdelwahab SS, Hashem HE, Kandeel KA. Advancements in synthesis of pharmacologically active imidazolidin‐4‐ones and stereochemistry of their Reactions with some Reagents. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F. Saied
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental MedicineNahda University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Salwa S. Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical industriesFuture University Cairo Egypt
| | - Heba E. Hashem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of WomenAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Kamal A. Kandeel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SinceAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Prates ET, Crowley MF, Skaf MS, Beckham GT. Catalytic Mechanism of Aryl-Ether Bond Cleavage in Lignin by LigF and LigG. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10142-10151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Teixeira Prates
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80403, United States
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-862, Brazil
| | - Michael F. Crowley
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80403, United States
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-862, Brazil
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80403, United States
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Li W, Yuan YF, Li XL, Su XL, Sun WH. Observation and analysis of abnormal absorption signals in laser flash photolysis measurement. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 105:569-576. [PMID: 23376219 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate a noise-like signal appearing in dynamic mode measurement during laser flash photolysis experiments, five compounds were chosen which show this abnormal phenomenon. The reproducibility of this phenomenon was done repeatedly, indicating that it originates from each molecular structural property. Also their two regulation pattern or features were found by our analysis. One is a U-shaped curve of main frequency intensity with time and it seems to be directly related to the concentration of the T(1) excited state. The other is a high damping oscillation curve of the frequency shift with time and this curve seems to be indicating an energy transportation process from light into chemical energy. Finally, a possible origin of hydrogen nuclear optical resonance was proposed for the abnormal signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Rebarz M, Kukovec BM, Maltsev OV, Ruckebusch C, Hintermann L, Naumov P, Sliwa M. Deciphering the protonation and tautomeric equilibria of firefly oxyluciferin by molecular engineering and multivariate curve resolution. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50715g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pelliccioli AP, Šebej P, Wirz J. Ketonization of enols in aqueous solution: is carbon protonation always rate-determining? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:967-71. [PMID: 22277957 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pH-rate profiles for the ketonization of the (E)- and (Z)-photoenols of o-methylacetophenone (MA) in aqueous solution were determined by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Carbon protonation of the enol anions of MA by solvent water is exceptionally fast, k(0)'(K)≈ 2.0 × 10(7) s(-1), too fast to permit establishment of the acid-base equilibrium on the enol oxygen prior to ketonization. Analysis of the pH-rate profile of the (E)-enol using the common assumption of rate-determining carbon protonation would lead to an erroneous value for the acidity constant of that enol, pK(a,c)(E) = 11.3, which is too high by about two pK units.
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Sundaresan AK, Jockusch S, Turro NJ. Photochemistry of 2-diphenylmethoxyacetophenone. Direct detection of a long-lived enol from a Norrish Type II photoreaction. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1450-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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