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Scheunemann T, Manica-Berto R, Nörnberg SD, da Silva Gonçalves R, Bernardi D, Nava DE. Mating behavior and oviposition of Palpita forficifera (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:738-745. [PMID: 38955945 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the main pest of the olive tree (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) in Brazil and Uruguay. The aim of this work was to study the mating and oviposition behavior of P. forficifera in the field and laboratory. In the field, the sex emitting the mating pheromone was determined and in the laboratory, the rate of emergence of males and females; the age, time and duration of mating; number of copulations and oviposition time of P. forficifera were recorded. The field results showed that it was possible to capture up to five males per trap in just one night in traps with the presence of female P. forficifera. Copulation occurs between the seventh and twenty-third day of life and is most frequent during the third and sixth hours of scotophase. The average duration of the first copulation was 174 min, with 35% of couples recopulating, and there were cases of up to five copulations. Oviposition times were concentrated between 20:00 and 02:00. The results obtained provide insight into the reproductive behavior of P. forficifera and are useful for future studies aimed at identifying the sex pheromone to improve monitoring of the pest in olive orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Scheunemann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900, RS, Brasil.
- Depto de Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Dori Edson Nava
- Lab de Entomologia, Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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2
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Dallai R, Mercati D, Lupetti P. The ultrastructure of the spermatheca of Mordellistena brevicauda (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea) and the associated bacterial cells. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 80:101357. [PMID: 38669939 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The ultrastructural study on the female reproductive system of the beetle M. brevicauda (Mordellidae) confirmed the positive correlation between the length of the sperm and the size of the female seminal receptacle (Spermatheca). The spermatheca of the species is characterized by an apical bulb-like structure where the spermathecal duct forms numerous folds filled with sperm. At this level many bacterial cells are present intermingled with the duct folds. Some are organized in large structures, such as bacteriomes, while other are single bacteriocytes. The latter are often found near the basal lamina of duct epithelium. In addition, some bacteria are visible in the cytoplasm of the duct epithelial cells. Interestingly, bacterial cells have never been observed in the duct lumen. The possible function of the bacterial cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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3
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Mahdjoub H, Khelifa R, Roy J, Sbilordo SH, Zeender V, Perdigón Ferreira J, Gourgoulianni N, Lüpold S. Interplay between male quality and male-female compatibility across episodes of sexual selection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5559. [PMID: 37774022 PMCID: PMC10541500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The processes underlying mate choice profoundly influence the dynamics of sexual selection and the evolution of male sexual traits. Consistent preference for certain phenotypes may erode genetic variation in populations through directional selection, whereas divergent preferences (e.g., genetically compatible mates) provide one mechanism to maintain such variation. However, the relative contributions of these processes across episodes of selection remain unknown. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we followed the fate of male genotypes, previously scored for their overall reproductive value and their compatibility with different female genotypes, across pre- and postmating episodes of selection. When pairs of competitor males differed in their intrinsic quality and their compatibility with the female, both factors influenced outcomes from mating success to paternity but to a varying degree between stages. These results add further dimensions to our understanding of how the interactions between genotypes and forms of selection shape reproductive outcomes and ultimately reproductive trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mahdjoub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Rassim Khelifa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jeannine Roy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja H. Sbilordo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérian Zeender
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jhoniel Perdigón Ferreira
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Gourgoulianni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Kustra MC, Alonzo SH. The coevolutionary dynamics of cryptic female choice. Evol Lett 2023; 7:191-202. [PMID: 37475752 PMCID: PMC10355280 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to sexual selection on traits that affect interactions between the sexes before mating, little theoretical research has focused on the coevolution of postmating traits via cryptic female choice (when females bias fertilization toward specific males). We used simulation models to ask (a) whether and, if so, how nondirectional cryptic female choice (female-by-male interactions in fertilization success) causes deviations from models that focus exclusively on male-mediated postmating processes, and (b) how the risk of sperm competition, the strength of cryptic female choice, and tradeoffs between sperm number and sperm traits interact to influence the coevolutionary dynamics between cryptic female choice and sperm traits. We found that incorporating cryptic female choice can result in males investing much less in their ejaculates than predicted by models with sperm competition only. We also found that cryptic female choice resulted in the evolution of genetic correlations between cryptic female choice and sperm traits, even when the strength of cryptic female choice was weak, and the risk of sperm competition was low. This suggests that cryptic female choice may be important even in systems with low multiple mating. These genetic correlations increased with the risk of sperm competition and as the strength of cryptic female choice increased. When the strength of cryptic female choice and risk of sperm competition was high, extreme codivergence of sperm traits and cryptic female choice preference occurred even when the sperm trait traded off with sperm number. We also found that male traits lagged behind the evolution of female traits; this lag decreased with increasing strength of cryptic female choice and risk of sperm competition. Overall, our results suggest that cryptic female choice deserves more attention theoretically and may be driving trait evolution in ways just beginning to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Kustra
- Corresponding author: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States.
| | - Suzanne H Alonzo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
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5
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Wu T, Cao DH, Liu Y, Yu H, Fu DY, Ye H, Xu J. Mating-Induced Common and Sex-Specific Behavioral, Transcriptional Changes in the Moth Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) in Laboratory. INSECTS 2023; 14:209. [PMID: 36835778 PMCID: PMC9964209 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate process between mating and postmating behavioral changes in insects is still poorly known. Here, we studied mating-induced common and sex-specific behavioral and transcriptional changes in both sexes of Spodoptera frugiperda and tested whether the transcriptional changes are linked to postmating behavioral changes in each sex. A behavioral study showed that mating caused a temporary suppression of female calling and male courting behavior, and females did not lay eggs until the next day after the first mating. The significant differences on daily fecundity under the presence of males or not, and the same or novel males, suggest that females may intentionally retain eggs to be fertilized by novel males or to be fertilized competitively by different males. RNA sequencing in females revealed that there are more reproduction related GO (gene ontology) terms and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways (mainly related to egg and zygote development) enriched to upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) than to downregulated DEGs at 0 and 24 h postmating. In males, however, mating induced DEGs did not enrich any reproduction related terms/pathways, which may be because male reproductive bioinformatics is relatively limited in moths. Mating also induced upregulation on soma maintenance (such as immune activity and stress reaction) related processes in females at 0, 6 and 24 h postmating. In males, mating also induced upregulation on soma maintenance related processes at 0 h postmating, but induced downregulation on these processes at 6 and 24 h postmating. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that mating induced sex-specific postmating behavioral and transcriptional changes in both sexes of S. frugiperda and suggested that the transcriptional changes are correlated with postmating physiological and behavioral changes in each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Da-Hu Cao
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- School of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation, Restoration and Ecological Services, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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6
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McDonough-Goldstein CE, Pitnick S, Dorus S. Drosophila female reproductive glands contribute to mating plug composition and the timing of sperm ejection. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212213. [PMID: 35105240 PMCID: PMC8808094 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits that influence female remating and competitive fertilization rapidly evolve in response to sexual selection and sexual conflict. One such trait, observed across diverse animal taxa, is the formation of a structural plug inside the female reproductive tract (FRT), either during or shortly after mating. In Drosophila melanogaster, male seminal fluid forms a mating plug inside the female bursa, which has been demonstrated to influence sperm entry into storage and latency of female remating. Processing of the plug, including its eventual ejection from the female's reproductive tract, influences the competitive fertilization success of her mates and is mediated by female × male genotypic interactions. However, female contributions to plug formation and processing have received limited attention. Using developmental mutants that lack glandular FRT tissues, we reveal that these tissues are essential for mating plug ejection. We further use proteomics to demonstrate that female glandular proteins, and especially proteolytic enzymes, contribute to mating plug composition and have a widespread impact on plug formation and composition. Together, these phenotypic and molecular data identify female contributions to intersexual interactions that are a potential mechanism of post-copulatory sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Pitnick
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Steve Dorus
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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7
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How can mating systems inform future biobanking strategies? An illustration using two Indonesian bovids, banteng (Bos javanicus) and lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Syed ZA, Dallai R, Nasirzadeh N, Brill JA, O’Grady PM, Cong S, Leef EM, Rice S, Asif A, Nguyen S, Hansen MM, Dorus S, Pitnick S. Sperm Cyst "Looping": A Developmental Novelty Enabling Extreme Male Ornament Evolution. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102762. [PMID: 34685746 PMCID: PMC8534658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Postcopulatory sexual selection is credited as a principal force behind the rapid evolution of reproductive characters, often generating a pattern of correlated evolution between interacting, sex-specific traits. Because the female reproductive tract is the selective environment for sperm, one taxonomically widespread example of this pattern is the co-diversification of sperm length and female sperm-storage organ dimension. In Drosophila, having testes that are longer than the sperm they manufacture was believed to be a universal physiological constraint. Further, the energetic and time costs of developing long testes have been credited with underlying the steep evolutionary allometry of sperm length and constraining sperm length evolution in Drosophila. Here, we report on the discovery of a novel spermatogenic mechanism—sperm cyst looping—that enables males to produce relatively long sperm in short testis. This phenomenon (restricted to members of the saltans and willistoni species groups) begins early during spermatogenesis and is potentially attributable to heterochronic evolution, resulting in growth asynchrony between spermatid tails and the surrounding spermatid and somatic cyst cell membranes. By removing the allometric constraint on sperm length, this evolutionary innovation appears to have enabled males to evolve extremely long sperm for their body mass while evading delays in reproductive maturation time. On the other hand, sperm cyst looping was found to exact a cost by requiring greater total energetic investment in testes and a pronounced reduction in male lifespan. We speculate on the ecological selection pressures underlying the evolutionary origin and maintenance of this unique adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan A. Syed
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Negar Nasirzadeh
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (N.N.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie A. Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (N.N.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Siyuan Cong
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Ethan M. Leef
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Rice
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Amaar Asif
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Matthew M. Hansen
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Steve Dorus
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
| | - Scott Pitnick
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.C.); (E.M.L.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (M.M.H.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.A.S.); (S.P.)
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9
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McDonough-Goldstein CE, Whittington E, McCullough EL, Buel SM, Erdman S, Pitnick S, Dorus S. Pronounced Postmating Response in the Drosophila Female Reproductive Tract Fluid Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100156. [PMID: 34597791 PMCID: PMC9357439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility depends on the progression of complex and coordinated postmating processes within the extracellular environment of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Molecular interactions between ejaculate and FRT proteins regulate many of these processes, including sperm motility, migration, storage, and modification, along with concurrent changes in the female. Although extensive progress has been made in the proteomic characterization of the male-derived components of sperm and seminal fluid, investigations into the FRT have remained more limited. To achieve a comparable level of knowledge regarding female-derived proteins that comprise the reproductive environment, we utilized semiquantitative MS-based proteomics to study the composition of the FRT tissue and, separately, the luminal fluid, before and after mating in Drosophila melanogaster. Our approach leveraged whole-fly isotopic labeling to delineate female proteins from transferred male ejaculate proteins. Our results revealed several characteristics that distinguish the FRT fluid proteome from the FRT tissue proteome: (1) the fluid proteome is encoded by genes with higher overall levels of FRT gene expression and tissue specificity, including many genes with enriched expression in the fat body, (2) fluid-biased proteins are enriched for metabolic functions, and (3) the fluid exhibits pronounced postmating compositional changes. The dynamic mating-induced proteomic changes in the FRT fluid inform our understanding of secretory mechanisms of the FRT, serve as a foundation for establishing female contributions to the ejaculate-female interactions that regulate fertility, and highlight the importance of applying proteomic approaches to characterize the composition and dynamics of the FRT environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Whittington
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Erin L McCullough
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sharleen M Buel
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Scott Erdman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Scott Pitnick
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Steve Dorus
- Center for Reproductive Evolution, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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10
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Measuring Pre- and Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection and Their Interaction in Socially Monogamous Species with Extra-Pair Paternity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030620. [PMID: 33799610 PMCID: PMC7999480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When females copulate with multiple males, pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection may interact synergistically or in opposition. Studying this interaction in wild populations is complex and potentially biased, because copulation and fertilization success are often inferred from offspring parentage rather than being directly measured. Here, I simulated 15 species of socially monogamous birds with varying levels of extra-pair paternity, where I could independently cause a male secondary sexual trait to improve copulation success, and a sperm trait to improve fertilization success. By varying the degree of correlation between the male and sperm traits, I show that several common statistical approaches, including univariate selection gradients and paired t-tests comparing extra-pair males to the within-pair males they cuckolded, can give highly biased results for sperm traits. These tests should therefore be avoided for sperm traits in socially monogamous species with extra-pair paternity, unless the sperm trait is known to be uncorrelated with male trait(s) impacting copulation success. In contrast, multivariate selection analysis and a regression of the proportion of extra-pair brood(s) sired on the sperm trait of the extra-pair male (including only broods where the male sired ≥1 extra-pair offspring) were unbiased, and appear likely to be unbiased under a broad range of conditions for this mating system. In addition, I investigated whether the occurrence of pre-copulatory selection impacted the strength of post-copulatory selection, and vice versa. I found no evidence of an interaction under the conditions simulated, where the male trait impacted only copulation success and the sperm trait impacted only fertilization success. Instead, direct selection on each trait was independent of whether the other trait was under selection. Although pre- and post-copulatory selection strength was independent, selection on the two traits was positively correlated across species because selection on both traits increased with the frequency of extra-pair copulations in these socially monogamous species.
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11
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Dallai R, Fanciulli PP, Lupetti P, Mercati D. The ultrastructure of sperm and female sperm storage organs in the water strider Gerris lacustris L. (Heteroptera) and a possible example of genital coevolution. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 61:101043. [PMID: 33689939 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fine structural organization of the male and the female inner reproductive apparatuses of the water-strider Gerris lacustris was studied. The sperm of the species shows a long helicoidal acrosome provided with longitudinal tubules, and a short nucleus. The flagellum is characterized by crescent mitochondrial derivatives and a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme, as occurs in all Heteroptera. The female reproductive apparatus is characterized by an extremely long spermathecal duct, filled with sperm, which plays the role of the main sperm storage organ. The duct has a thin epithelium surrounded by a complex of secretory and duct-forming cells. The spermathecal duct flows into the gynatrial sac. This region, together with the fertilization chamber, exhibits a simple epithelium with deep apical plasma membrane invaginations, and it does not show conspicuous secretions. The basal cell region shows plasma membrane infoldings forming thin cytoplasmic bands hosting mitochondria and large intercellular spaces. This organization is typical of epithelia active in fluid reabsorption. Two lateral large gynatrial glands open into the gynatrial sac. Such glands also exhibit secretory and duct forming cells. The same structure of these glands is also present along the proximal region of the fecundation canal. The duct forming cells of these regions have very wide ducts with peculiar cuticular finger-like structures at their opening into the gland duct lumen. The results of the present study suggest the occurrence of a coevolution between the sperm and the spermathecal duct lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Italy.
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12
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Dallai R, Fanciulli PP, Mercati D, Lupetti P. Coevolution between female seminal receptacle and sperm morphology in the semiaquatic measurer bug Hydrometra stagnorum L. (Heteroptera, Hydrometridae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 60:101001. [PMID: 33120187 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The coevolution between sperm length and size of the female sperm-storage organs is described for the first time within Heteroptera. The long sperm of the measurer bug Hydrometra stagnorum is characterized by the unusually long acrosome with its anterior region helically arranged, and by a very short nucleus. The sperm flagellum has a 9 + 9+2 conventional axoneme and crystallized mitochondrial derivatives. The female spermatheca consists of an extraordinarily long spermathecal duct ending with an apical spermathecal bulb into which flows also the secretions of a relatively short spermathecal gland. Both spermathecal duct and gland have a thin epithelium lined by a cuticle, beneath which a complex of secretory and duct forming cells are present. The secretions of these two structures flow into the apical spermathecal bulb. A thick layer of muscle fibers surrounds the epithelium. These results confirm the opinion that the dimensions of the female reproductive sperm-storage organs are able to drive the sperm morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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13
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Firman RC. Of mice and women: advances in mammalian sperm competition with a focus on the female perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200082. [PMID: 33070720 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although initially lagging behind discoveries being made in other taxa, mammalian sperm competition is now a productive and advancing field of research. Sperm competition in mammals is not merely a 'sprint-race' between the gametes of rival males, but rather a race over hurdles; those hurdles being the anatomical and physiological barriers provided by the female reproductive tract, as well as the egg and its vestments. With this in mind, in this review, I discuss progress in the field while focusing on the female perspective. I highlight ways by which sperm competition can have positive effects on female reproductive success and discuss how competitive outcomes are not only owing to dynamics between the ejaculates of rival males, but also attributable to mechanisms by which female mammals bias paternity toward favourable sires. Drawing on examples across different species-from mice to humans-I provide an overview of the accumulated evidence which firmly establishes that sperm competition is a key selective force in the evolution of male traits and detail how females can respond to increased sperm competitiveness with increased egg resistance to fertilization. I also discuss evidence for facultative responses to the sperm competition environment observed within mammal species. Overall, this review identifies shortcomings in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which female mammals 'select' sperm. More generally, this review demonstrates how, moving forward, mammals will continue to be effective animal models for studying both evolutionary and facultative responses to sperm competition. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C Firman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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14
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Dekker ML, Hagmayer A, Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Furness AI, Pollux BJA. High Degree of Multiple Paternity and Reproductive Skew in the Highly Fecund Live-Bearing Fish Poecilia gillii (Family Poeciliidae). Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.579105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Cargnelutti F, Calbacho-Rosa L, Uñates D, Costa-Schmidt LE, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Peretti AV. Copulatory behaviour increases sperm viability in female spiders. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One remarkable reproductive feature in animals with internal fertilization is a reduction in sperm viability over time in females. Whether this reduction is driven by male–male competition and/or cryptic female choice is unclear. From the perspective of cryptic female choice, we postulated that sperm viability is affected by a particular male copulatory behaviour. In this study, we investigated the following aspects: (1) sperm viability in mated females vs. males; (2) whether sperm viability varies temporally after mating; and (3) whether male copulatory behaviour covaries positively with sperm viability within females. We used the spider Holocnemus pluchei, whose males use several copulatory behaviours to court females. We found that females that stored sperm for 4 or 15 days showed no difference in sperm viability but had lower sperm viability compared with males, and males that performed a longer post-insemination behaviour had higher sperm viability inside the female. It is unclear how sperm viability is reduced and how male post-insemination behaviour affects this. It is possible that extending copulation allows males to induce females to keep sperm alive for longer. This result is predicted by theory whereby males induce females to facilitate sperm to reach and fertilize eggs based on male postcopulatory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cargnelutti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucia Calbacho-Rosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diego Uñates
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luiz Ernesto Costa-Schmidt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Vicente Peretti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Pitnick S, Wolfner MF, Dorus S. Post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:365-392. [PMID: 31737992 PMCID: PMC7643048 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must spend a minimum period of time within a female reproductive tract to achieve the capacity to fertilize oocytes. This phenomenon, termed sperm 'capacitation', was discovered nearly seven decades ago and opened a window into the complexities of sperm-female interaction. Capacitation is most commonly used to refer to a specific combination of processes that are believed to be widespread in mammals and includes modifications to the sperm plasma membrane, elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, hyperactivation of motility, and, eventually, the acrosome reaction. Capacitation is only one example of post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS) that are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Although PEMS are less well studied in non-mammalian taxa, they likely represent the rule rather than the exception in species with internal fertilization. These PEMS are diverse in form and collectively represent the outcome of selection fashioning complex maturational trajectories of sperm that include multiple, sequential phenotypes that are specialized for stage-specific functionality within the female. In many cases, PEMS are critical for sperm to migrate successfully through the female reproductive tract, survive a protracted period of storage, reach the site of fertilization and/or achieve the capacity to fertilize eggs. We predict that PEMS will exhibit widespread phenotypic plasticity mediated by sperm-female interactions. The successful execution of PEMS thus has important implications for variation in fitness and the operation of post-copulatory sexual selection. Furthermore, it may provide a widespread mechanism of reproductive isolation and the maintenance of species boundaries. Despite their possible ubiquity and importance, the investigation of PEMS has been largely descriptive, lacking any phylogenetic consideration with regard to divergence, and there have been no theoretical or empirical investigations of their evolutionary significance. Here, we (i) clarify PEMS-related nomenclature; (ii) address the evolutionary origin, maintenance and divergence in PEMS in the context of the protracted life history of sperm and the complex, selective environment of the female reproductive tract; (iii) describe taxonomically widespread types of PEMS: sperm activation, chemotaxis and the dissociation of sperm conjugates; (iv) review the occurence of PEMS throughout the animal kingdom; (v) consider alternative hypotheses for the adaptive value of PEMS; (vi) speculate on the evolutionary implications of PEMS for genomic architecture, sexual selection, and reproductive isolation; and (vii) suggest fruitful directions for future functional and evolutionary analyses of PEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mariana F. Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steve Dorus
- Department of Biology, Center for Reproductive Evolution, Syacuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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17
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Zhao L, Qiu Y, Shi X, Wang W, Liu S. Female Mating Frequency and Reproductive Fitness in the Willow Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:14. [PMID: 31782963 PMCID: PMC6884329 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mating in females is common in nature but may involve fitness costs. Adult females and males of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting can mate multiple times. We studied the effect of mating frequency and mating pattern (time interval between matings) on female reproductive fitness by measuring fecundity, hatching probability, and female longevity. Fecundity and longevity were similar in single- and double-mated (two matings separated by a 7 d interval) females. However, two and three successive matings and three matings separated by two 7 d interval had a significant negative effect on the lifetime fecundity and longevity of females. Multiple mating had a positive effect on egg hatching, and two matings sufficed to fertilize the full egg load. These results indicate that the two matings separated by a 7 d interval are optimum for reproductive fitness in female P. versicolora. Suboptimal mating frequency (successive mating or an excessive number of matings) exacts a physiological cost that shortens the female life span and reduces fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvquan Zhao
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shouzhu Liu
- School of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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18
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Zajitschek S, Zajitschek F, Josway S, Al Shabeeb R, Weiner H, Manier MK. Costs and benefits of giant sperm and sperm storage organs in
Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1300-1309. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Zajitschek
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Felix Zajitschek
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Sarah Josway
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Reem Al Shabeeb
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Halli Weiner
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Mollie K. Manier
- Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC USA
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19
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Reiner Brodetzki T, Brodetzki G, Feinerman O, Hefetz A. Worker demography and behavior in a supercolonial ant colony: The case of the desert ant
Cataglyphis niger. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Reiner Brodetzki
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Guy Brodetzki
- Physics Department Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ofer Feinerman
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Abraham Hefetz
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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20
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Zajdel J, Lance SL, Rainwater TR, Wilkinson PM, Hale MD, Parrott BB. Mating dynamics and multiple paternity in a long-lived vertebrate. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10109-10121. [PMID: 31632641 PMCID: PMC6787947 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple paternity is relatively common across diverse taxa; however, the drivers and implications related to paternal and maternal fitness are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the occurrence and frequency of multiple paternity. One set of hypotheses seeks to explain multiple paternity through direct and indirect benefits including increased genetic diversity or enhanced offspring fitness, whereas another set of hypotheses explains multiple paternity as a by-product of sexual conflict and population-specific parameters such as density. Here, we investigate mating system dynamics in a historically studied population of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in coastal South Carolina. We examine parentage in 151 nests across 6 years and find that 43% of nests were sired by multiple males and that male reproductive success is strongly influenced by male size. Whereas clutch size and hatchling size did not differ between singly sired and multiply sired nests, fertility rates were observed to be lower in multiply sired clutches. Our findings suggest that multiple paternity may exert cost in regard to female fitness, and raise the possibility that sexual conflict might influence the frequency of multiple paternity in wild alligator populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zajdel
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSCUSA
| | | | - Thomas R. Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest ScienceClemson UniversityGeorgetownSCUSA
| | | | - Matthew D. Hale
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSCUSA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSCUSA
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21
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Female remating rate and pattern of sperm use suggest intense sperm competition in Drosophila antonietae (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-10003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Tropea C, Sganga DE, López Greco LS. Egg production in relation to paternal weight in a freshwater caridean shrimp (Decapoda). J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tropea
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos CONICET Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. E. Sganga
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos CONICET Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - L. S. López Greco
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos CONICET Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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23
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McNamara KB, Dougherty LR, Wedell N, Simmons LW. Experimental evolution reveals divergence in female genital teeth morphology in response to sexual conflict intensity in a moth. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:519-524. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B. McNamara
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) the University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
| | - Liam R. Dougherty
- Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Nina Wedell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences (M092) the University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
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24
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Alavioon G, Cabrera Garcia A, LeChatelier M, Maklakov AA, Immler S. Selection for longer lived sperm within ejaculate reduces reproductive ageing in offspring. Evol Lett 2019; 3:198-206. [PMID: 31289692 PMCID: PMC6591544 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Males produce numerous sperm in a single ejaculate that greatly outnumber their potential egg targets. Recent studies found that phenotypic and genotypic variation among sperm in a single ejaculate of a male affects the fitness and performance of the resulting offspring. Specifically, within-ejaculate sperm selection for sperm longevity increased the performance of the resulting offspring in several key life-history traits in early life. Because increased early-life reproductive performance often correlates with rapid ageing, it is possible that within-ejaculate sperm selection increases early-life fitness at the cost of accelerated senescence. Alternatively, within-ejaculate sperm selection could improve offspring quality throughout the life cycle, including reduced age-specific deterioration. We tested the two alternative hypotheses in an experimental setup using zebrafish Danio rerio. We found that within-ejaculate sperm selection for sperm longevity reduced age-specific deterioration of fecundity and offspring survival but had no effect on fertilization success in males. Remarkably, we found an opposing effect of within-ejaculate sperm selection on female fecundity, where selection for sperm longevity resulted in increased early-life performance followed by a slow decline, while females sired by unselected sperm started low but increased their fecundity with age. Intriguingly, within-ejaculate sperm selection also reduced the age-specific decline in fertilization success in females, suggesting that selection for sperm longevity improves at least some aspects of female reproductive ageing. These results demonstrate that within-ejaculate variation in sperm phenotype contributes to individual variation in animal life histories in the two sexes and may have important implications for assisted fertilization programs in livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Alavioon
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 75 236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrea Cabrera Garcia
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 75 236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magali LeChatelier
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 75 236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexei A Maklakov
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 75 236 Uppsala Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
| | - Simone Immler
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyvägen 18D 75 236 Uppsala Sweden.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
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25
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Pizzari T, McDonald GC. Sexual selection in socially-structured, polyandrous populations: Some insights from the fowl. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.asb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Hook KA. No support for the sexy-sperm hypothesis in the seed beetle: Sons of monandrous females fare better in post-copulatory competition. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11742-11753. [PMID: 30598772 PMCID: PMC6303747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexy-sperm hypothesis posits that polyandrous females derive an indirect fitness benefit from multi-male mating because they increase the probability their eggs are fertilized by males whose sperm have high fertilizing efficiency, which is assumed to be heritable and conferred on their sons. However, whether this process occurs is contentious because father-to-son heritability may be constrained by the genetic architecture underlying traits important in sperm competition within certain species. Previous empirical work has revealed such genetic constraints in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, a model system in sperm competition studies in which female multi-male mating is ubiquitous. Using the seed beetle, I tested a critical prediction of the sexy-sperm hypothesis that polyandrous females produce sons that are on average more successful under sperm competition than sons from monandrous females. Contrary to the prediction of the sexy-sperm hypothesis, I found that sons from monandrous females had significantly higher relative paternity in competitive double matings. Moreover, post hoc analyses revealed that these sons produced significantly larger ejaculates when second to mate, despite being smaller. This study is the first to provide empirical evidence for post-copulatory processes favoring monandrous sons and discusses potential explanations for the unexpected bias in paternity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Hook
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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27
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Reid JM, Wolak ME. Is there indirect selection on female extra-pair reproduction through cross-sex genetic correlations with male reproductive fitness? Evol Lett 2018; 2:159-168. [PMID: 30283673 PMCID: PMC6121835 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One key hypothesis explaining the evolution and persistence of polyandry, and resulting female extra‐pair reproduction in socially monogamous systems, is that female propensity for extra‐pair reproduction is positively genetically correlated with male reproductive fitness and consequently experiences positive cross‐sex indirect selection. However, key genetic correlations have rarely been estimated, especially in free‐living populations experiencing natural (co)variation in reproductive strategies and fitness. We used long‐term life‐history and pedigree data from song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to estimate the cross‐sex genetic correlation between female propensity for extra‐pair reproduction and adult male lifetime reproductive success, and thereby test a key hypothesis regarding mating system evolution. There was substantial additive genetic variance in both traits, providing substantial potential for indirect selection on female reproductive strategy. However, the cross‐sex genetic correlation was estimated to be close to zero. Such small correlations might arise because male reproductive success achieved through extra‐pair paternity was strongly positively genetically correlated with success achieved through within‐pair paternity, implying that the same successful males commonly sire offspring produced by polyandrous and monogamous females. Cross‐sex indirect selection may consequently have limited capacity to drive evolution of female extra‐pair reproduction, or hence underlying polyandry, in systems where multiple routes to paternity success exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Wolak
- School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849
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28
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Abstract
As an immediate consequence of sexual reproduction, biphasic life cycles with alternating diploid and haploid phases are a common characteristic of sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Much of our focus in evolutionary biology has been directed toward dynamics in diploid or haploid populations, but we rarely consider selection occurring during both phases when studying evolutionary processes. One of the reasons for this apparent omission is the fact that many flowering plants and metazoans are predominantly diploid with a very short haploid gametic phase. While this gametic phase may be short, it can play a crucial role in fundamental processes including the rate of adaptation, the load of mutation, and the evolution of features such as recombination. In addition, if selection acts in different directions between the two phases, a genetic conflict will occur, impacting the maintenance of genetic variation. Here we provide an overview of theoretical and empirical studies investigating the importance of selection at the haploid gametic phase in predominantly diploid organisms and discuss future directions to improve our understanding of the underlying dynamics and the general implications of haploid selection.
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29
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Lüpold S, Pitnick S. Sperm form and function: what do we know about the role of sexual selection? Reproduction 2018; 155:R229-R243. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sperm morphological variation has attracted considerable interest and generated a wealth of predominantly descriptive studies over the past three centuries. Yet, apart from biophysical studies linking sperm morphology to swimming velocity, surprisingly little is known about the adaptive significance of sperm form and the selective processes underlying its tremendous diversification throughout the animal kingdom. Here, we first discuss the challenges of examining sperm morphology in an evolutionary context and why our understanding of it is far from complete. Then, we review empirical evidence for how sexual selection theory applies to the evolution of sperm form and function, including putative secondary sexual traits borne by sperm.
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30
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Firman RC. Postmating sexual conflict and female control over fertilization during gamete interaction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renée C. Firman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology University of Western Australia Western Australia Australia
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31
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Lyu N, Servedio MR, Sun YH. Nonadaptive female pursuit of extrapair copulations can evolve through hitchhiking. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3685-3692. [PMID: 29686849 PMCID: PMC5901172 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has indicated that engaging in extrapair copulations (EPCs) might be maladaptive or detrimental to females. It is unclear why such nonadaptive female behavior evolves. In this study, we test two hypotheses about the evolution of female EPC behavior using population genetic models. First, we find that both male preference for allocating extra effort to seek EPCs and female pursuit behavior without costs can be maintained and remain polymorphic in a population via frequency‐dependent selection. However, both behaviors cannot evolve when females with pursuit behavior suffer from a decline in male parental care. Second, we present another novel way in which female pursuit behavior can evolve; indirect selection can act on this behavior through a ratchet‐like mechanism involving oscillating linkage disequilibria between the target EPC pursuit locus and two other loci determining male mate choice and a female sexual signal. Although the overall positive force of such indirect selection is relatively weak, our results suggest that it may still play a role in promoting the evolution of female EPC behavior when this behavior is nonadaptive (i.e., it is neutral) or only somewhat maladaptive (e.g., males only occasionally lower parental care when their mates pursue EPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Maria R Servedio
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Yue-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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32
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Comparing functions of copulation calls in wild olive baboons, Papio anubis, using multimodel inference. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Abdelli M, Benbellil-Tafoughalt S, Koene JM. Intra-specific morphological variation of the spermatheca in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Helix aperta. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Dushimirimana S, Damien D, Hance T. Polyandry as a Signal of Phase Shift in Female Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria. FUTURE FOODS 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/67938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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35
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Briskie JV, Montgomerie R, Birkhead TR. THE EVOLUTION OF SPERM SIZE IN BIRDS. Evolution 2017; 51:937-945. [PMID: 28568571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/1996] [Accepted: 01/06/1997] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James V. Briskie
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Robert Montgomerie
- Department of Biology; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Tim R. Birkhead
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2TN U.K
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36
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Tregenza T, Wedell N. BENEFITS OF MULTIPLE MATES IN THE CRICKET GRYLLUS BIMACULATUS. Evolution 2017; 52:1726-1730. [PMID: 28565303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/1997] [Accepted: 04/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of polyandry for sexual selection, the reasons why females frequently mate with several males remain poorly understood. A number of genetic benefits have been proposed, based on the idea that by taking multiple mates, females increase the likelihood that their offspring will be sired by genetically more compatible or superior males. If certain males have intrinsically "good genes," any female mating with them will produce superior offspring. Alternatively, if some males have genetic elements that are incompatible with a particular female, then she may benefit from polyandry if the sperm of such males are less likely to fertilize her eggs. We examined these hypotheses in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). By allocating females identical numbers of matings but different numbers of mates we investigated the influence of number of mates on female fecundity, and both short- and long-term offspring fitness. This revealed no effect of number of mates on number of eggs laid. However, hatching success of eggs increased with number of mates. This effect could not be attributed to nongenetic effects such as the possibility that polyandry reduces variance in the quantity or fertilizing ability of sperm females receive, because a control group receiving half the number of copulations showed no drop in hatching success. Offspring did not differ in survival, adult mass, size, or development time with treatment. When males were mated to several different females there were no repeatable differences between individual males in the hatching success of their mate's eggs. This suggests that improved hatching success of polyandrous females is not due to certain males having genes that improve egg viability regardless of their mate. Instead, our results support the hypothesis that certain males are genetically more compatible with certain females, and that this drives polyandry through differential fertilization success of sperm from more compatible males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Tregenza
- Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Wedell
- Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Pitnick S, Marrow T, Spicer GS. EVOLUTION OF MULTIPLE KINDS OF FEMALE SPERM-STORAGE ORGANS IN DROSOPHILA. Evolution 2017; 53:1804-1822. [PMID: 28565462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1998] [Accepted: 06/02/1999] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Females of all species belonging to the family Drosophilidae have two kinds of sperm-storage organs: paired spherical spermathecae and a single elongate tubular seminal receptacle. We examined 113 species belonging to the genus Drosophila and closely allied genera and describe variation in female sperm-storage organ use and morphology. The macroevolutionary pattern of organ dysfunction and morphological divergence suggests that ancestrally both kinds of organs stored sperm. Loss of use of the spermathecae has evolved at least 13 times; evolutionary regain of spermathecal function has rarely if ever occurred. Loss of use of the seminal receptacle has likely occurred only once; in this case, all descendant species possess unusually elaborate spermathecae. Data further indicate that the seminal receptacle is the primary sperm-storage organ in Drosophila. This organ exhibits a pattern of strong correlated evolution with the length of sperm. The evolution of multiple kinds of female sperm-storage organs and the rapidly divergent and correlated evolution of sperm and female reproductive tract morphology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Pitnick
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 108 College Place, Syracuse, New York, 13244-1270
| | - Therese Marrow
- Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-1501
| | - Greg S Spicer
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 94132-1722
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38
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Olsson M, Shine R. ADVANTAGES OF MULTIPLE MATINGS TO FEMALES: A TEST OF THE INFERTILITY HYPOTHESIS USING LIZARDS. Evolution 2017; 51:1684-1688. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/1996] [Accepted: 05/16/1997] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Olsson
- University of Göteborg; Department of Zoology; Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90 Göteborg Sweden
- University of Sydney; School of Biological Sciences ∗∗∗AO8; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- University of Sydney; School of Biological Sciences ∗∗∗AO8; New South Wales 2006 Australia
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39
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Kawazu K, Sugeno W, Mochizuki A, Nakamura S. Polyandry increases reproductive performance but does not decrease survival in female Brontispa longissima. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:165-173. [PMID: 27573004 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The costs and benefits of polyandry are still not well understood. We studied the effects of multiple mating on the reproductive performance of female Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most serious pests of the coconut palm, by using three experimental treatments: (1) singly-mated females (single treatment); (2) females that mated 10 times with the same male (repetition treatment); and (3) females that mated once with each of 10 different males (polyandry treatment). Both multiple mating treatments resulted in significantly greater total egg production and the proportion of eggs that successfully hatched (hatching success) than with the single mating treatment. Furthermore, the polyandry treatment resulted in greater total egg production and hatching success than with the repetition treatment. Thus, mate diversity may affect the direct and indirect benefits of multiple mating. Female longevity, the length of the preoviposition period, the length of the period from emergence to termination of oviposition, and the length of the ovipositing period did not differ among treatments. The pronounced fecundity and fertility benefits that females gain from multiple mating, coupled with a lack of longevity costs, apparently explain the extreme polyandry in B. longissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawazu
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - W Sugeno
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - A Mochizuki
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences,1-1 Owashi,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8686,Japan
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40
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Rojas Mora A, Meniri M, Glauser G, Vallat A, Helfenstein F. Badge Size Reflects Sperm Oxidative Status within Social Groups in the House Sparrow Passer domesticus. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Travers LM, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Simmons LW. Genetic variation but weak genetic covariation between pre- and post-copulatory episodes of sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1535-52. [PMID: 27159063 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When females mate polyandrously, male reproductive success depends both on the male's ability to attain matings and on his ability to outcompete rival males in the fertilization of ova post-copulation. Increased investment in ejaculate components may trade off with investment in precopulatory traits due to resource allocation. Alternatively, pre- and post-copulatory traits could be positively related if individuals can afford to invest heavily in traits advantageous at both episodes of selection. There is empirical evidence for both positive and negative associations between pre- and post-copulatory episodes, but little is known about the genetic basis of these correlations. In this study, we measured morphological, chemical and behavioural precopulatory male traits and investigated their relationship with measures of male fitness (male mating success, remating inhibition and offensive sperm competitiveness) across 40 isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster. We found significant variation among isofemale lines, indicating a genetic basis for most of the traits investigated. However, we found weak evidence for genetic correlations between precopulatory traits and our indices of male fitness. Moreover, pre- and post-copulatory episodes of selection were uncorrelated, suggesting selection may act independently at the different episodes to maximize male reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Travers
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - F Garcia-Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Doñana Biological Station, Spanish Research Council CSIC, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain
| | - L W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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42
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Travers LM, Simmons LW, Garcia‐Gonzalez F. Additive genetic variance in polyandry enables its evolution, but polyandry is unlikely to evolve through sexy or good sperm processes. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:916-28. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Travers
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Animal Biology (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - L. W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Animal Biology (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - F. Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Animal Biology (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- Doñana Biological Station Spanish Research Council CSIC Sevilla Spain
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43
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Bocedi G, Reid JM. Coevolutionary Feedbacks between Female Mating Interval and Male Allocation to Competing Sperm Traits Can Drive Evolution of Costly Polyandry. Am Nat 2016; 187:334-50. [PMID: 26913946 DOI: 10.1086/684746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Complex coevolutionary feedbacks between female mating interval and male sperm traits have been hypothesized to explain the evolution and persistence of costly polyandry. Such feedbacks could potentially arise because polyandry creates sperm competition and consequent selection on male allocation to sperm traits, while the emerging sperm traits could create female sperm limitation and, hence, impose selection for increased polyandry. However, the hypothesis that costly polyandry could coevolve with male sperm dynamics has not been tested. We built a genetically explicit individual-based model to simulate simultaneous evolution of female mating interval and male allocation to sperm number versus longevity, where these two sperm traits trade off. We show that evolution of competing sperm traits under polyandry can indeed cause female sperm limitation and, hence, promote further evolution and persistence of costly polyandry, particularly when sperm are costly relative to the degree of female sperm limitation. These feedbacks were stronger, and greater polyandry evolved, when postcopulatory competition for paternity followed a loaded rather than fair raffle and when sperm traits had realistically low heritability. We therefore demonstrate that the evolution of allocation to sperm traits driven by sperm competition can prevent males from overcoming female sperm limitation, thereby driving ongoing evolution of costly polyandry.
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44
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Egan AL, Hook KA, Reeve HK, Iyengar VK. Polyandrous females provide sons with more competitive sperm: Support for the sexy-sperm hypothesis in the rattlebox moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). Evolution 2015; 70:72-81. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Egan
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; Villanova Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Kristin A. Hook
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Cornell University; Ithaca Pennsylvania 14853
| | - H. Kern Reeve
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Cornell University; Ithaca Pennsylvania 14853
| | - Vikram K. Iyengar
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; Villanova Pennsylvania 19085
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45
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Droge-Young EM, Belote JM, Eeswara A, Pitnick S. Extreme ecology and mating system: discriminating among direct benefits models in red flour beetles. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Leiser JK, Gagliardi-Seeley JL, Wisenden BD, Itzkowitz M. Mating patterns of female Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 87:604-615. [PMID: 26289774 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a field study of Leon Springs pupfish Cyprinodon bovinus, two questions about female promiscuity were investigated. First, were females selective in the males with whom they spawned or were they unselective, spawning randomly among males? Second, how promiscuous were the females, i.e. with how many males did they spawn? If simply spawning with many males maximized a female's reproductive success, then females might be expected to spawn randomly with as many males as possible. Alternatively, if females were selective but engaged in multiple mating, they would limit their spawning to preferred males. In the only wild population of this endangered fish, breeding males defend closely associated territories in the shallow margins of a single desert pool. No territories were observed elsewhere in the pool. Therefore, all territorial males were present simultaneously and females could survey all of them, depositing any number of eggs with one, a few or many males. Rather than spawning randomly, females surveyed many males first, visited relatively few males and ultimately spawned with a small fraction of those available males. With increasing numbers of spawns, however, females increased the number of different mates with whom they spawned. Thus, females showed a bet-hedging tactic of having a narrow mate preference while also laying eggs in the territories of other males, possibly to reduce egg predation and to avoid inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Leiser
- Department of Biology, Northampton Community College Monroe Campus, Tannersville, PA, 18372, U.S.A
| | - J L Gagliardi-Seeley
- Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, U.S.A
| | - B D Wisenden
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, MN, 56563, U.S.A
| | - M Itzkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, U.S.A
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47
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Sutter A, Lindholm AK. Detrimental effects of an autosomal selfish genetic element on sperm competitiveness in house mice. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:rspb.2015.0974. [PMID: 26136452 PMCID: PMC4528557 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Female multiple mating (polyandry) is widespread across many animal taxa and indirect genetic benefits are a major evolutionary force favouring polyandry. An incentive for polyandry arises when multiple mating leads to sperm competition that disadvantages sperm from genetically inferior mates. A reduction in genetic quality is associated with costly selfish genetic elements (SGEs), and studies in invertebrates have shown that males bearing sex ratio distorting SGEs are worse sperm competitors than wild-type males.We used a vertebrate model species to test whether females can avoid an autosomal SGE, the t haplotype, through polyandry. The t haplotype inhouse mice exhibits strong drive in t heterozygous males by affecting spermatogenesis and is associated with homozygous in utero lethality. We used controlled matings to test the effect of the t haplotype on sperm competitiveness. Regardless of mating order, t heterozygous males sired only 11% of zygotes when competing against wild-type males, suggesting a very strong effect of the t haplotype on sperm quality. We provide, to our knowledge,the first substantial evidence that polyandry ameliorates the harmful effects of an autosomal SGE arising through genetic incompatibility. We discuss potential mechanisms in our study species and the broader implications for the benefits of polyandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sutter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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48
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Padua MV, Zeh DW, Bonilla MM, Zeh JA. Sisters' curse: sexually antagonistic effects constrain the spread of a mitochondrial haplogroup superior in sperm competition. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1686. [PMID: 25377452 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal inheritance of mitochondria creates a sex-specific selective sieve with implications for male longevity, disease susceptibility and infertility. Because males are an evolutionary dead end for mitochondria, mitochondrial mutations that are harmful or beneficial to males but not females cannot respond directly to selection. Although the importance of this male/female asymmetry in evolutionary response depends on the extent to which mitochondrial mutations exert antagonistic effects on male and female fitness, few studies have documented sex-specific selection acting on mitochondria. Here, we exploited the discovery of two highly divergent mitochondrial haplogroups (A and B2) in central Panamanian populations of the pseudoscorpion Cordylochernes scorpioides. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses suggest that selection on the ND4 and ND4L mitochondrial genes may partially explain sexually antagonistic mitochondrial effects on reproduction. Males carrying the rare B2 mitochondrial haplogroup enjoy a marked advantage in sperm competition, but B2 females are significantly less sexually receptive at second mating than A females. This reduced propensity for polyandry is likely to significantly reduce female lifetime reproductive success, thereby limiting the spread of the male beneficial B2 haplogroup. Our findings suggest that maternal inheritance of mitochondria and sexually antagonistic selection can constrain male adaptation and sexual selection in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Padua
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - David W Zeh
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Melvin M Bonilla
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeanne A Zeh
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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49
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Janssen R, Baur B. Seasonal effects on egg production and level of paternity in a natural population of a simultaneous hermaphrodite snail. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2916-28. [PMID: 26306176 PMCID: PMC4541995 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a seasonal environment, the suitable time window for females to reproduce is restricted by both environmental conditions and the availability of males. In simultaneous hermaphrodites, which are female and male at the same time, selection on a trait that is solely beneficial for one sexual function cannot occur independently. Therefore, it is assumed that the optimal time window for reproduction is a compromise between the two sexual functions in simultaneous hermaphrodites, mediated by environmental conditions. We examined seasonal patterns of reproduction and the resulting paternity in a natural population of the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. Adult and premature individuals (snails in a short protandric phase) were collected on four occasions over the entire active season. The snails were allowed to deposit eggs after which we assessed the level of paternity in their hatched offspring. Individuals mated throughout the reproductive season, whereas egg production - the major task of the female function - was restricted to the first half of the season. Snails collected in autumn were allowed to hibernate under laboratory conditions. As a result, we found that premature individuals began to mate late in the reproductive season, but did not start to produce eggs before emerging from hibernation. Our results demonstrate a temporal shift of reproductive activities; the egg production and oviposition occur mainly in the first half of the season, while sperm production and mating occur over the entire season. In subadult and adult snails, sperm obtained from several partners in the second part of the reproductive season are stored during hibernation for the fertilization of eggs in the successive years. These results extend our understanding of the influence of both natural and sexual selection on reproductive strategies in hermaphrodites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Janssen
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Baur
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Parrott ML, Ward SJ, Temple-Smith PD, Selwood L. Females Choose Mates Based on Genetic Relatedness in a Small Dasyurid Marsupial, the Agile Antechinus (Antechinus agilis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122381. [PMID: 25923325 PMCID: PMC4414469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Females in a variety of taxa mate with more than one male during a single oestrus and exhibit mate preferences for genetically compatible males, but the influence of female mate choice on siring success is not clearly understood. Whether females choose to mate with more than one male or endure forced copulations is also often unknown. Here, we examined the effects of genetic relatedness on female mate choice and siring success in a small semelparous carnivorous marsupial, the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), during two consecutive breeding seasons. Experimental trials were conducted in captivity over periods of 72 hours using interconnected enclosures in which female antechinus could choose to access any of four separated males, but males were only able to access females that entered their quarters. Females had access to two genetically similar and two genetically dissimilar males simultaneously and all behavioural interactions were observed and scored from continuous video recordings. Genetic similarity between mates and paternity of young was determined by microsatellite analyses. Some females chose to enter and mate with more than one male during a single oestrus period. Although females investigated all males, they spent significantly more time visiting, and mated more times with, genetically dissimilar males. Males that were genetically dissimilar to the female sired 88% of subsequent offspring. Whilst males mated readily with most females, they rejected the advances of some receptive females, indicating a previously unexpected level of male mate choice. The results show that genetic relatedness between mates has a significant influence on mate choice, breeding and siring success in the agile antechinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Parrott
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon J. Ward
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Division, NT Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Palmerston, Australia
| | - Peter D. Temple-Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lynne Selwood
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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