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Gallegos C, Hodgins KA, Monro K. Temperature and sex shape reproductive barriers in a climate change hotspot. Evolution 2024; 78:906-918. [PMID: 38332537 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is altering species ranges and reproductive interactions in existing ranges, offering species new scope to mate and hybridize. The outcomes will depend on how environmental factors shape reproductive barriers across life stages, yet this is rarely assessed across the environments that species encounter in nature. We assess prezygotic and postzygotic barriers, and their dependence on temperature and parental sex, in species of a reef-building tubeworm (Galeolaria) from a fast-warming biodiversity hotspot in southern Australia. By replicating pure and reciprocal hybrid crosses across 5 temperatures spanning species' thermal ranges, we estimate thermal tolerance curves (defining niches) for crosses and reproductive isolation at each temperature. By also replicating crosses at 3 life stages, we partition the contributions of prezygotic barriers at fertilization, postzygotic barriers at embryogenesis, and postzygotic barriers at larval development to reproductive isolation. We show that barriers are weaker at fertilization and embryogenesis, but stronger and more temperature sensitive at larval development, as species diverge in thermal niche. Asymmetry of barriers between parental sexes, moreover, suggests a complex interplay between niche differentiation and maternal inheritance. Our findings point to a key role for temperature in reproductive isolation, but also challenges for predicting the fate of isolation in future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Gallegos
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Boyd BM, House N, Carduck CW, Reed DL. Genomic Diversity in the Endosymbiotic Bacteria of Human Head Lice. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae064. [PMID: 38513084 PMCID: PMC10986857 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects have repeatedly forged symbioses with heritable microbes, gaining novel traits. For the microbe, the transition to symbioses can lead to the degeneration of the symbiont's genome through transmission bottlenecks, isolation, and the loss of DNA repair enzymes. However, some insect-microbial symbioses have persisted for millions of years, suggesting that natural selection slows genetic drift and maintains functional consistency between symbiont populations. By sampling in multiple countries, we examine genomic diversity within a symbiont species, a heritable symbiotic bacterium found only in human head lice. We find that human head louse symbionts contain genetic diversity that appears to have arisen contemporaneously with the appearance of anatomically modern humans within Africa and/or during the colonization of Eurasia by humans. We predict that the observed genetic diversity underlies functional differences in extant symbiont lineages, through the inactivation of genes involved in symbiont membrane construction. Furthermore, we find evidence of additional gene losses prior to the appearance of modern humans, also impacting the symbiont membrane. From this, we conclude that symbiont genome degeneration is proceeding, via gene inactivation and subsequent loss, in human head louse symbionts, while genomic diversity is maintained. Collectively, our results provide a look into the genomic diversity within a single symbiont species and highlight the shared evolutionary history of humans, lice, and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Boyd
- Center for Biological Data Science, Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Niyomi House
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Carduck
- Center for Biological Data Science, Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David L Reed
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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3
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Momoh R, Kollamparambil S. A Case Report of a Clinically Suspected Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome With Cardiac Impairment. Cureus 2024; 16:e56980. [PMID: 38665734 PMCID: PMC11045175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report presents a description of a hypertrophic left ventricle with reduced ejection fraction in a man in his mid-twenties with clinical, radiologic, and biochemical features of a rare syndrome called mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). A literature review of this uncommon syndrome and MELAS cardiomyopathy has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiu Momoh
- Critical Care, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, GBR
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4
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Chou PC, Huang YC, Yu S. Mechanisms of Epigenetic Inheritance in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:98. [PMID: 38255713 PMCID: PMC10817356 DOI: 10.3390/life14010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that causes debilitating functional impairment in patients. Observations from survivors of traumatic historical events solidify that this disease is not only associated with personal experiences but can also be inherited from familial traumas. Over the past decades, researchers have focused on epigenetic inheritance to understand how responses to adverse experiences can be passed down to future generations. This review aims to present recent findings on epigenetic markers related to PTSD and research in the intergenerational inheritance of trauma. By understanding the information, we hope that epigenetic markers can act as biochemical measurements for future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Chou
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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5
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Gu H, Wen J, Zhao X, Zhang X, Ren X, Cheng H, Qu L. Evolution, Inheritance, and Strata Formation of the W Chromosome in Duck (Anas platyrhynchos). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad183. [PMID: 37931036 PMCID: PMC10630070 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonrecombining female-limited W chromosome is predicted to experience unique evolutionary processes. Difficulties in assembling W chromosome sequences have hindered the identification of duck W-linked sequences and their evolutionary footprint. To address this, we conducted three initial contig-level genome assemblies and developed a rigorous pipeline by which to successfully expand the W-linked data set, including 11 known genes and 24 newly identified genes. Our results indicate that the W chromosome expression may not be subject to female-specific selection; a significant convergent pattern of upregulation associated with increased female-specific selection was not detected. The genetic stability of the W chromosome is also reflected in the strong evolutionary correlation between it and the mitochondria; the complete consistency of the cladogram topology constructed from their gene sequences proves the shared maternal coevolution. By detecting the evolutionary trajectories of W-linked sequences, we have found that recombination suppression started in four distinct strata, of which three were conserved across Neognathae. Taken together, our results have revealed a unique evolutionary pattern and an independent stratum evolutionary pattern for sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Gu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Wen
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xufang Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abruzzese GA, Ferreira SR, Ferrer MJ, Silva AF, Motta AB. Prenatal Androgen Excess Induces Multigenerational Effects on Female and Male Descendants. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231196461. [PMID: 37705939 PMCID: PMC10496475 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231196461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is still unelucidated how hormonal alterations affect developing organisms and their descendants. Particularly, the effects of androgen levels are of clinical relevance as they are usually high in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Moreover, it is still unknown how androgens may affect males' health and their descendants. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the multigenerational effect of prenatal androgen excess until a second generation at early developmental stages considering both maternal and paternal effects. Design And Methods This is an animal model study. Female rats (F0) were exposed to androgens during pregnancy by injections of 1 mg of testosterone to obtain prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) animals (F1), leading to a well-known animal model that resembles PCOS features. A control (C) group was obtained by vehicle injections. The PH-F1 animals were crossed with C males (m) or females (f) and C animals were also mated, thus obtaining 3 different mating groups: Cf × Cm, PHf × Cm, Cf × PHm and their offspring (F2). Results F1-PHf presented altered glucose metabolism and lipid profile compared to F1-C females. In addition, F1-PHf showed an increased time to mating with control males compared to the C group. At gestational day 14, we found alterations in glucose and total cholesterol serum levels and in the placental size of the pregnant F1-PHf and Cf mated to F1-PHm. The F2 offspring resulting from F1-PH mothers or fathers showed alterations in their growth, size, and glucose metabolism up to early post-natal development in a sex-dependent manner, being the females born to F1-PHf the most affected ones. Conclusion androgen exposure during intrauterine life leads to programing effects in females and males that affect offspring health in a sex-dependent manner, at least up-to a second generation. In addition, this study suggests paternally mediated effects on the F2 offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Rocio Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimé Florencia Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tembrock LR, Wilson CR, Zink FA, Timm AE, Gilligan TM, Konstantinov AS, Tishechkin AK. CO1 barcodes resolve an asymmetric biphyletic clade for Diabrotica undecimpunctata subspecies and provide nucleotide variants for differentiation from related lineages using real-time PCR. Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1168586. [PMID: 38469542 PMCID: PMC10926502 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1168586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Diabrotica undecimpunctata is a multivoltine polyphagous beetle species that has long been documented as a significant agricultural pest throughout its native range in North America. This beetle can vector bacterial and viral plant pathogens that result in major losses to crops such as cucumber and soybean. Many countries outside the Americas treat D. undecimpunctata as a species of quarantine importance, while in the USA only the subspecies D. u. duodecimnotata is subject to quarantine, to prevent introduction from Mexico. Identification of D. undecimpunctata on the basis of morphology alone can be complicated given the use of conflicting characters in the description of some subspecific taxa. To better understand relationships among D. undecimpunctata subspecies and other related species, we sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA from individuals in different subspecific taxa and across different parts of the species range using museum samples and interceptions. When our data were combined with publicly available Diabrotica data, no pattern of divergence consistent with the currently recognized subspecific designations was found. In addition, we compared phylogenetic patterns in CO1 data from the congener D. virgifera to demonstrate the utility of mitochondrial data in resolving subspecies. From the CO1 data, a diagnostic real-time PCR assay was developed that could successfully identify all haplotypes within the large D. undecimpunctata clade for use in surveys and identification at ports of entry. These findings underscore the need to resolve molecular and morphological datasets into cogent, lineage-based groupings. Such efforts will provide an evolutionary context for the study of agriculturally important attributes of Diabrotica such as host preferences, xenobiotic metabolism, and natural and anthropogenic patterns of dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Christina R. Wilson
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Frida A. Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alicia E. Timm
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Todd M. Gilligan
- Pest Identification Technology Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science and Technology, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Alexey K. Tishechkin
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Mourre F, Giorgi R, Gallo A, Boccara F, Bruckert E, Carrié A, Hankard R, Inamo J, Laboureau S, Moulin P, Valéro R, Béliard S, Cariou B, Carreau V, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di Filippo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Kalmykova O, Krempf M, Lemale J, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Schiele F, Sultan A, Tounian P, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O. Maternal Inheritance of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Gene Mutation Predisposes to Coronary Atherosclerosis as Assessed by Calcium Score in Adulthood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e94-e103. [PMID: 36579650 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have demonstrated that fetal exposure to high maternal cholesterol levels during pregnancy predisposes to aortic atheroma in the offspring. In humans, little is known about the consequences of this exposure on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. We wanted to assess whether maternal/paternal inheritance of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) gene mutation could be associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS We retrospectively included 1350 patients, followed in the French registry of FH, with a documented genetic diagnosis. We selected 556 age- and sex-matched pair of patients based on the sex of the parents who transmitted the FH gene mutation, free of coronary cardiovascular event, and with a subclinical coronary atherosclerosis evaluation assessed using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the individual effect of parental inheritance of the FH gene mutation on the CAC score. RESULTS In the whole population, patients with maternal inheritance of FH gene mutation (n=639) less frequently had a family history of premature cardiovascular events (27.7% versus 45%, P<0.0001) and were 2 years older (46.9±16.8 versus 44.7±15.9 years old, P=0.02) than those with paternal inheritance (n=711). There was no difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular events between the two groups. In the matched subgroup, maternal inheritance was significantly associated with an increase in CAC score value by 86% (95% CI, 23%-170%; P=0.003), a 1.81-fold risk of having a CAC score ≥100 Agatston units (95% CI, 1.06-3.11; P=0.03), and a 2.72-fold risk of having a CAC score ≥400 Agatston units (95% CI, 1.39-5.51; P=0.004) when compared with paternal inheritance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Maternal inheritance of FH gene mutation was associated with more severe subclinical coronary atherosclerosis assessed by CAC score and may be considered as a potential cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mourre
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
| | - Roch Giorgi
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Hop Timone, ISSPAM, BioSTIC, Biostatistique et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, Marseille, France (R.G.)
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Sorbonne University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP.SU, Paris, France (A.G.).,INSERM, UMR-1166, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (A.G.)
| | - Franck Boccara
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°22, C²MV-Complications Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques Chez les Patients Vivant Avec le Virus de l'immunodéficience Humaine, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France (F.B.)
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Service Endocrinologie Métabolisme et Prévention Cardiovasculaire, Institut E3M et IHU Cardiométabolique, Sorbonne Université et Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Alain Carrié
- Department of Biochemistry, Obesity and Dyslipidemia Genetics Unit, Sorbonne University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France (A.C.)
| | - Regis Hankard
- UMR INSERM U 1069 - Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer (N2C) - UFR de Médecine, Tours, France (R.H.)
| | - Jocelyn Inamo
- EA 7525, University Hospital of Martinique, France (J.I.)
| | | | - Philippe Moulin
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France (P.M.).,Fédération d'endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France (P.M.)
| | - René Valéro
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.).,Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France (F.M., R.V., S.B.)
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9
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Spottiswoode CN, Tong W, Jamie GA, Stryjewski KF, DaCosta JM, Kuras ER, Green A, Hamama S, Taylor IG, Moya C, Sorenson MD. Genetic architecture facilitates then constrains adaptation in a host-parasite coevolutionary arms race. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121752119. [PMID: 35412865 PMCID: PMC9170059 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121752119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In coevolutionary arms races, interacting species impose selection on each other, generating reciprocal adaptations and counter adaptations. This process is typically enhanced by genetic recombination and heterozygosity, but these sources of evolutionary novelty may be secondarily lost when uniparental inheritance evolves to ensure the integrity of sex-linked adaptations. We demonstrate that host-specific egg mimicry in the African cuckoo finch Anomalospiza imberbis is maternally inherited, confirming the validity of an almost century-old hypothesis. We further show that maternal inheritance not only underpins the mimicry of different host species but also additional mimetic diversification that approximates the range of polymorphic egg “signatures” that have evolved within host species as an escalated defense against parasitism. Thus, maternal inheritance has enabled the evolution and maintenance of nested levels of mimetic specialization in a single parasitic species. However, maternal inheritance and the lack of sexual recombination likely disadvantage cuckoo finches by stifling further adaptation in the ongoing arms races with their individual hosts, which we show have retained biparental inheritance of egg phenotypes. The inability to generate novel genetic combinations likely prevents cuckoo finches from mimicking certain host phenotypes that are currently favored by selection (e.g., the olive-green colored eggs laid by some tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava, females). This illustrates an important cost of coding coevolved adaptations on the nonrecombining sex chromosome, which may impede further coevolutionary change by effectively reversing the advantages of sexual reproduction in antagonistic coevolution proposed by the Red Queen hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N. Spottiswoode
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Science and Technology–National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Wenfei Tong
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel A. Jamie
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Science and Technology–National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Jeffrey M. DaCosta
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Evan R. Kuras
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ailsa Green
- Chenga Farm, Choma, Southern Province, Zambia
| | - Silky Hamama
- Musumanene Farm, Choma, Southern Province, Zambia
| | | | - Collins Moya
- Musumanene Farm, Choma, Southern Province, Zambia
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10
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Mandel JR, Ramsey AJ, Holley JM, Scott VA, Mody D, Abbot P. Disentangling Complex Inheritance Patterns of Plant Organellar Genomes: An Example From Carrot. J Hered 2021; 111:531-538. [PMID: 32886780 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant mitochondria and plastids display an array of inheritance patterns and varying levels of heteroplasmy, where individuals harbor more than 1 version of a mitochondrial or plastid genome. Organelle inheritance in plants has the potential to be quite complex and can vary with plant growth, development, and reproduction. Few studies have sought to investigate these complicated patterns of within-individual variation and inheritance using experimental crosses in plants. We carried out crosses in carrot, Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae), which has previously been shown to exhibit organellar heteroplasmy. We used mitochondrial and plastid markers to begin to disentangle the patterns of organellar inheritance and the fate of heteroplasmic variation, with special focus on cases where the mother displayed heteroplasmy. We also investigated heteroplasmy across the plant, assaying leaf samples at different development stages and ages. Mitochondrial and plastid paternal leakage was rare and offspring received remarkably similar heteroplasmic mixtures to their heteroplasmic mothers, indicating that heteroplasmy is maintained over the course of maternal inheritance. When offspring did differ from their mother, they were likely to exhibit a loss of the genetic variation that was present in their mother. Finally, we found that mitochondrial variation did not vary significantly over plant development, indicating that substantial vegetative sorting did not occur. Our study is one of the first to quantitatively investigate inheritance patterns and heteroplasmy in plants using controlled crosses, and we look forward to future studies making use of whole genome information to study the complex evolutionary dynamics of plant organellar genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Mandel
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.,Center for Biodiversity Research, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adam J Ramsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jacob M Holley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria A Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dviti Mody
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ramirez-Arenalde MA, Bruckman-Blanco WJ, Frontanes-Heredia A, Santiago-Castro SL, De Jesús-Rojas W. An Extremely Rare Case of Birk-Barel Syndrome With Severe Central Apneas. Cureus 2021; 13:e15862. [PMID: 34327088 PMCID: PMC8301725 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Birk-Barel syndrome, alternatively known as KCNK9 imprinting syndrome, is caused by a missense mutation in the potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 9 (KCNK9) gene on chromosome 8q24.3. This syndrome demonstrates dominant inheritance and is imprinted with paternal silencing, where the paternally inherited allele is silenced, and the maternally inherited allele is active. Congenital hypotonia, palatal abnormalities, intellectual disability, severe feeding difficulties, and dysmorphic facial features characterize this sporadic genetic syndrome. To date, there are approximately 21 molecularly diagnosed individuals worldwide described in the literature. We describe the first known case of Puerto Rican ethnicity, a 16-month-old female born prematurely at 36-weeks with Birk-Barel syndrome, confirmed with whole-exome sequencing, and her response to non-invasive ventilation as a treatment for her sleep breathing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abymael Frontanes-Heredia
- Pediatrics, Centro Médico Menonita de Cayey, Cayey, PRI.,Pediatrics, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamón, PRI
| | | | - Wilfredo De Jesús-Rojas
- Pediatrics, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PRI.,Pediatrics, Centro Médico Menonita de Cayey, Cayey, PRI.,Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PRI.,Pediatrics, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PRI
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12
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Blyth U, Craciunas L, Hudson G, Choudhary M. Maternal germline factors associated with aneuploid pregnancy loss: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:866-884. [PMID: 33969392 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriage describes the spontaneous loss of pregnancy before the threshold of viability; the vast majority occur before 12 weeks of gestation. Miscarriage affects one in four couples and is the most common complication of pregnancy. Chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo are identified in ∼50% of first trimester miscarriages; aneuploidy accounts for 86% of these cases. The majority of trisomic miscarriages are of maternal origin with errors occurring during meiotic division of the oocytes. Chromosome segregation errors in oocytes may be sporadic events secondary to advancing maternal age; however, there is increasing evidence to suggest possible maternal germline contributions to this. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review was to appraise critically the existing evidence relating to maternal germline factors associated with pregnancy loss secondary to embryo aneuploidy, identify limitations in the current evidence base and establish areas requiring further research. SEARCH METHODS The initial literature search was performed in September 2019 and updated in January 2021 using the electronic databases OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. No time or language restrictions were applied to the searches and only primary research was included. Participants were women who had suffered pregnancy loss secondary to numerical chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. Study identification and subsequent data extraction were performed by two authors independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to judge the quality of the included studies. The results were synthesized narratively. OUTCOMES The literature search identified 2198 titles once duplicates were removed, of which 21 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. They reported on maternal germline factors having variable degrees of association with pregnancy loss of aneuploid origin. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) gene ontology database was used as a reference to establish the functional role currently attributed to the genes reported. The majority of the cases reported and included were secondary to the inheritance of maternal structural factors such as Robertsonian translocations, deletions and insertions. Germline factors with a plausible role in aneuploid pregnancy loss of maternal origin included skewed X-inactivation and CGG repeats in the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene. Studies that reported the association of single gene mutations with aneuploid pregnancy loss were conflicting. Single gene mutations with an uncertain or no role in aneuploid pregnancy loss included mutations in synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), mitotic polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and meiotic stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) spindle integrity variants and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Identifying maternal genetic factors associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy will expand our understanding of cell division, non-disjunction and miscarriage secondary to embryo aneuploidy. The candidate germline factors identified may be incorporated in a screening panel for women suffering miscarriage of aneuploidy aetiology to facilitate counselling for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Blyth
- Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurentiu Craciunas
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meenakshi Choudhary
- Newcastle Fertility Centre at Life, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Kemp KM, Colson J, Lorenz RG, Maynard CL, Pollock JS. Early life stress in mice alters gut microbiota independent of maternal microbiota inheritance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R663-R674. [PMID: 33655759 PMCID: PMC8163610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a greater risk of chronic disease development including depression and cardiovascular disease. Altered gut microbiota has been linked to both depression and cardiovascular disease in mice and humans. Rodent models of early life neglect are used to characterize the mechanistic links between early life stress (ELS) and the risk of disease later in life. However, little is understood about ELS exposure and the gut microbiota in the young mice and the influence of the maternal inheritance of the gut microbiota. We used a mouse model of ELS, maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), and normally reared mice to determine whether the neonate microbiota is altered, and if so, are the differences attributable to changes in dam microbiota that are then transmitted to their offspring. Individual amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) displayed differential abundance in the microbiota of MSEW compared with normally reared pups at postnatal day (PD) 28. Additionally, ELS exposure reduced the alpha diversity and altered microbial community composition at PD28. The composition, levels of alpha diversity, and abundance of individual ASVs in the microbiota of dams were similar from MSEW or normally reared cohorts. Thus, the observed shifts in the abundance of individual bacterial ASVs in the neonates and young pups are likely driven by endogenous effects of MSEW in the offspring host and are not due to inherited differences from the dam. This knowledge suggests that exposure to ELS has a direct effect on microbial factors on the risk of chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri M Kemp
- CardioRenal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jackson Colson
- CardioRenal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robin G Lorenz
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- CardioRenal Physiology and Medicine Section, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zhang J, Tang SY, Zhu XB, Li P, Lu JQ, Cong JS, Wang LB, Zhang F, Li Z. Whole exome sequencing and trio analysis to broaden the variant spectrum of genes in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:288-293. [PMID: 33208564 PMCID: PMC8152424 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_65_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dozens of genes are associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and an oligogenic etiology has been suggested. However, the associated genes may account for only approximately 50% cases. In addition, a genomic systematic pedigree analysis is still lacking. Here, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on 18 unrelated men affected by IHH and their corresponding parents. Notably, one reported and 10 novel variants in eight known IHH causative genes (AXL, CCDC141, CHD7, DMXL2, FGFR1, PNPLA6, POLR3A, and PROKR2), nine variants in nine recently reported candidate genes (DCAF17, DCC, EGF, IGSF10, NOTCH1, PDE3A, RELN, SLIT2, and TRAPPC9), and four variants in four novel candidate genes for IHH (CCDC88C, CDON, GADL1, and SPRED3) were identified in 77.8% (14/18) of IHH cases. Among them, eight (8/18, 44.4%) cases carried more than one variant in IHH-related genes, supporting the oligogenic model. Interestingly, we found that those variants tended to be maternally inherited (maternal with n = 17 vs paternal with n = 7; P = 0.028). Our further retrospective investigation of published reports replicated the maternal bias (maternal with n = 46 vs paternal with n = 28; P = 0.024). Our study extended a variant spectrum for IHH and provided thefirst evidence that women are probably more tolerant to variants of IHH-related genes than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shu-Yan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhu
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lu
- Department of Research Institute, Reproduction Medical Center, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Cong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ling-Bo Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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15
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Thongprem P, Evison SEF, Hurst GDD, Otti O. Transmission, Tropism, and Biological Impacts of Torix Rickettsia in the Common Bed Bug Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608763. [PMID: 33424811 PMCID: PMC7785988 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The torix group of Rickettsia have been recorded from a wide assemblage of invertebrates, but details of transmission and biological impacts on the host have rarely been established. The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is a hemipteran insect which lives as an obligatory hematophagous pest of humans and is host to a primary Wolbachia symbiont and two facultative symbionts, a BEV-like symbiont, and a torix group Rickettsia. In this study, we first note the presence of a single Rickettsia strain in multiple laboratory bed bug isolates derived from Europe and Africa. Importantly, we discovered that the Rickettsia has segregated in two laboratory strains, providing infected and uninfected isogenic lines for study. Crosses with these lines established transmission was purely maternal. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis indicates Rickettsia infection in oocytes, bacteriomes, and other somatic tissues. We found no evidence that Rickettsia infection was associated with sex ratio distortion activity, but Rickettsia infected individuals developed from first instar to adult more slowly. The impact of Rickettsia on fecundity and fertility resulted in infected females producing fewer fertile eggs. However, we could not find any evidence for cytoplasmic incompatibility associated with Rickettsia presence. These data imply the existence of an unknown benefit to C. lectularius carrying Rickettsia that awaits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Thongprem
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie E. F. Evison
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory D. D. Hurst
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Otti
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Most mammals rely on chemosensory cues for individual recognition, which is essential to many aspects of social behavior, such as maternal bonding, mate recognition, and inbreeding avoidance. Both volatile molecules and nonvolatile peptides secreted by individual conspecifics are detected by olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ. The pertinent cues used for individual recognition remain largely unidentified. Here we show that nonformylated, but not N-formylated, mitochondrially encoded peptides-that is, the nine N-terminal amino acids of NADH dehydrogenases 1 and 2-can be used to convey strain-specific information among individual mice. We demonstrate that these nonformylated peptides are sufficient to induce a strain-selective pregnancy block. We also observed that the pregnancy block by an unfamiliar peptide derived from a male of a different strain was prevented by a memory formed at the time of mating with that male. Our findings also demonstrate that pregnancy-blocking chemosignals in the urine are maternally inherited, as evidenced by the production of reciprocal sons from two inbred strains and our test of their urine's ability to block pregnancy. We propose that this link between polymorphic mitochondrial peptides and individual recognition provides the molecular means to communicate an individual's maternal lineage and strain.
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Yamada M, Akashi K, Ooka R, Miyado K, Akutsu H. Mitochondrial Genetic Drift after Nuclear Transfer in Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5880. [PMID: 32824295 PMCID: PMC7461576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy-producing intracellular organelles containing their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for proteins and RNAs essential for mitochondrial function. Some mtDNA mutations can cause mitochondria-related diseases. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders with no cure, in which mutated mtDNA is passed from mothers to offspring via maternal egg cytoplasm. Mitochondrial replacement (MR) is a genome transfer technology in which mtDNA carrying disease-related mutations is replaced by presumably disease-free mtDNA. This therapy aims at preventing the transmission of known disease-causing mitochondria to the next generation. Here, a proof of concept for the specific removal or editing of mtDNA disease-related mutations by genome editing is introduced. Although the amount of mtDNA carryover introduced into human oocytes during nuclear transfer is low, the safety of mtDNA heteroplasmy remains a concern. This is particularly true regarding donor-recipient mtDNA mismatch (mtDNA-mtDNA), mtDNA-nuclear DNA (nDNA) mismatch caused by mixing recipient nDNA with donor mtDNA, and mtDNA replicative segregation. These conditions can lead to mtDNA genetic drift and reversion to the original genotype. In this review, we address the current state of knowledge regarding nuclear transplantation for preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Kazuhiro Akashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Reina Ooka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (K.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (K.M.); (H.A.)
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18
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Garcia-Dominguez X, Vicente JS, Viudes-de-Castro MP, Marco-Jiménez F. Long-Term Effects Following Fresh/Vitrified Embryo Transfer Are Transmitted by Paternal Germline in a Large Size Rabbit Cohort. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081272. [PMID: 32722445 PMCID: PMC7460406 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of developmental programming suggests that the early life environment influences offspring phenotype in later life, whose effects may also be manifested in further generations. Valuable pieces of evidence come from the fields applying assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), which deprive embryos of their optimal maternal environment and were thus associated with subsequent developmental deviations. Recently, we demonstrated that the in vitro manipulations during a vitrified embryo transfer procedure incurs a cumulative and transgenerational decline in the growth performance of the resulting offspring. Here, we provide a longitudinal study to investigate whether previous developmental deviations could be indistinctly paternally or maternally transmitted using crossbred mattings. Our findings revealed that early embryo manipulations through fresh and vitrified embryo transfer incurred paternally transmissible effects over the growth pattern and adult body weight, which seemed not inheritable via the female germline. Similar inheritable effects were observed after fresh and vitrified embryo transfer, suggesting that disturbing optimal embryo development through in vitro manipulations was the principal trigger of transmissible effects, rather than embryo cryopreservation per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Garcia-Dominguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (X.G.-D.); (J.S.V.)
| | - José Salvador Vicente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (X.G.-D.); (J.S.V.)
| | - María P. Viudes-de-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 12100 Segorbe, Spain;
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (X.G.-D.); (J.S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Komarov PA, Sokolova O, Akulenko N, Brasset E, Jensen S, Kalmykova A. Epigenetic Requirements for Triggering Heterochromatinization and Piwi-Interacting RNA Production from Transgenes in the Drosophila Germline. Cells 2020; 9:E922. [PMID: 32290057 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenes containing a fragment of the I retrotransposon represent a powerful model of piRNA cluster de novo formation in the Drosophila germline. We revealed that the same transgenes located at different genomic loci form piRNA clusters with various capacity of small RNA production. Transgenic piRNA clusters are not established in piRNA pathway mutants. However, in the wild-type context, the endogenous ancestral I-related piRNAs heterochromatinize and convert the I-containing transgenes into piRNA-producing loci. Here, we address how the quantitative level of piRNAs influences the heterochromatinization and piRNA production. We show that a minimal amount of maternal piRNAs from ancestral I-elements is sufficient to form the transgenic piRNA clusters. Supplemental piRNAs stemming from active I-element copies do not stimulate additional chromatin changes or piRNA production from transgenes. Therefore, chromatin changes and piRNA production are initiated by a minimum threshold level of complementary piRNAs, suggesting a selective advantage of prompt cell response to the lowest level of piRNAs. It is noteworthy that the weak piRNA clusters do not transform into strong ones after being targeted by abundant I-specific piRNAs, indicating the importance of the genomic context for piRNA cluster establishment. Analysis of ovarian transcription profiles suggests that regions facilitating convergent transcription favor the formation of transgenic piRNA clusters.
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20
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Xue JY, Wang Y, Chen M, Dong S, Shao ZQ, Liu Y. Maternal Inheritance of U's Triangle and Evolutionary Process of Brassica Mitochondrial Genomes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:805. [PMID: 32595682 PMCID: PMC7303332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sequences and genomic structures of plant mitochondrial (mt) genomes provide unique material for phylogenetic studies. The nature of uniparental inheritance renders an advantage when utilizing mt genomes for determining the parental sources of hybridized taxa. In this study, a concatenated matrix of mt genes was used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of six cultivated Brassica taxa and explore the maternal origins of three allotetraploids. The well-resolved sister relationships between two pairs of diploid and allotetraploid taxa suggest that Brassica carinata (car) possessed a maternal origin from Brassica nigra, while Brassica juncea (jun) was maternally derived from Brassica rapa (cam). Another allotetraploid taxon, Brassica napus (cv. Wester) may have been maternally derived from the common ancestor of B. rapa and Brassica oleracea (ole), and/or have undergone (an) extra hybridization event(s) along its evolutionary history. The characteristics of Brassica mt genomic structures also supported the phylogenetic results. Sinapis arvensis was nested inside the Brassica species, sister to the B. nigra-B. carinata lineage, and possessed an mt genome structure that mostly resembled B. nigra. Collectively, the evidence supported a systematic revision that placed S. arvensis within Brassica. Finally, ancestral mt genomes at each evolutionary node of Brassica were reconstructed, and the detailed and dynamic evolution of Brassica mt genomes was successfully reproduced. The mt genome of B. nigra structurally resembled that of the Brassica ancestor the most, with only one reversion of a block, and the Brassica oleracea underwent the most drastic changes. These findings suggested that repeat-mediated recombinations were largely responsible for the observed structural variations in the evolutionary history of Brassica mt genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Xue
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Center for Plant Diversity and Systematics, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhu-Qing Shao,
| | - Yang Liu
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Yang Liu,
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21
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Kaukonen M, Woods S, Ahonen S, Lemberg S, Hellman M, Hytönen MK, Permi P, Glaser T, Lohi H. Maternal Inheritance of a Recessive RBP4 Defect in Canine Congenital Eye Disease. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2643-2652. [PMID: 29847795 PMCID: PMC6546432 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternally skewed transmission of traits has been associated with genomic imprinting and oocyte-derived mRNA. We report canine congenital eye malformations, caused by an amino acid deletion (K12del) near the N terminus of retinol-binding protein (RBP4). The disease is only expressed when both dam and offspring are deletion homozygotes. RBP carries vitamin A (retinol) from hepatic stores to peripheral tissues, including the placenta and developing eye, where it is required to synthesize retinoic acid. Gestational vitamin A deficiency is a known risk factor for ocular birth defects. The K12del mutation disrupts RBP folding in vivo, decreasing its secretion from hepatocytes to serum. The maternal penetrance effect arises from an impairment in the sequential transfer of retinol across the placenta, via RBP encoded by maternal and fetal genomes. Our results demonstrate a mode of recessive maternal inheritance, with a physiological basis, and they extend previous observations on dominant-negative RBP4 alleles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kaukonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sean Woods
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Saija Ahonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Lemberg
- Department of Eye Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Maarit Hellman
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tom Glaser
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Fan W, Zheng J, Kong W, Cui L, Aishanjiang M, Yi Q, Wang M, Cang X, Tang X, Chen Y, Mo JQ, Sondheimer N, Ge W, Guan MX. Contribution of a mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutation to the phenotypic expression of the deafness-associated tRNA Ser(UCN) 7511A>G mutation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19292-19305. [PMID: 31685661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear modifier genes have been proposed to modify the phenotypic expression of mitochondrial DNA mutations. Using a targeted exome-sequencing approach, here we found that the p.191Gly>Val mutation in mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) interacts with the tRNASer(UCN) 7511A>G mutation in causing deafness. Strikingly, members of a Chinese family bearing both the YARS2 p.191Gly>Val and m.7511A>G mutations displayed much higher penetrance of deafness than those pedigrees carrying only the m.7511A>G mutation. The m.7511A>G mutation changed the A4:U69 base-pairing to G4:U69 pairing at the aminoacyl acceptor stem of tRNASer(UCN) and perturbed tRNASer(UCN) structure and function, including an increased melting temperature, altered conformation, instability, and aberrant aminoacylation of mutant tRNA. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from symptomatic and asymptomatic members of these Chinese families and control subjects, we show that cell lines harboring only the m.7511A>G or p.191Gly>Val mutation revealed relatively mild defects in tRNASer(UCN) or tRNATyr metabolism, respectively. However, cell lines harboring both m.7511A>G and p.191Gly>Val mutations displayed more severe defective aminoacylations and lower tRNASer(UCN) and tRNATyr levels, aberrant aminoacylation, and lower levels of other tRNAs, including tRNAThr, tRNALys, tRNALeu(UUR), and tRNASer(AGY), than those in the cell lines carrying only the m.7511A>G or p.191Gly>Val mutation. Furthermore, mutant cell lines harboring both m.7511A>G and p.191Gly>Val mutations exhibited greater decreases in the levels of mitochondrial translation, respiration, and mitochondrial ATP and membrane potentials, along with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings provide molecular-level insights into the pathophysiology of maternally transmitted deafness arising from the synergy between tRNASer(UCN) and mitochondrial YARS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Fan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Attardi Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wanzhong Kong
- Attardi Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Limei Cui
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Maerhaba Aishanjiang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiuzi Yi
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Wang
- Attardi Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Xiaohui Cang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Attardi Institute of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Qin Mo
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92123
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto School of Medicine and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China .,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and the University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Nekrasova I, Nikitashina V, Bhullar S, Arnaiz O, Singh DP, Meyer E, Potekhin A. Loss of a Fragile Chromosome Region leads to the Screwy Phenotype in Paramecium tetraurelia. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E513. [PMID: 31284605 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A conspicuous cell-shape phenotype known as “screwy” was reported to result from mutations at two or three uncharacterized loci in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. Here, we describe a new screwy mutation, Spinning Top, which appeared spontaneously in the cross of an unrelated mutant with reference strain 51. The macronuclear (MAC) genome of the Spinning Top mutant is shown to lack a ~28.5-kb segment containing 18 genes at the end of one chromosome, which appears to result from a collinear deletion in the micronuclear (MIC) genome. We tested several candidate genes from the deleted locus by dsRNA-induced silencing in wild-type cells, and identified a single gene responsible for the phenotype. This gene, named Spade, encodes a 566-aa glutamine-rich protein with a C2HC zinc finger. Its silencing leads to a fast phenotype switch during vegetative growth, but cells recover a wild-type phenotype only 5–6 divisions after silencing is stopped. We analyzed 5 independently-obtained mutant alleles of the Sc1 locus, and concluded that all of them also lack the Spade gene and a number of neighboring genes in the MAC and MIC genomes. Mapping of the MAC deletion breakpoints revealed two different positions among the 5 alleles, both of which differ from the Spinning Top breakpoint. These results suggest that this MIC chromosome region is intrinsically unstable in strain 51.
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24
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Camus MF, Dowling DK. Mitochondrial genetic effects on reproductive success: signatures of positive intrasexual, but negative intersexual pleiotropy. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0187. [PMID: 29794041 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that maternal inheritance of mitochondria will facilitate the accumulation of mtDNA mutations that are male biased, or even sexually antagonistic, in effect. While there are many reported cases of mtDNA mutations conferring cytoplasmic male sterility in plants, historically it was assumed such mutations would not persist in the streamlined mitochondrial genomes of bilaterian metazoans. Intriguingly, recent cases of mitochondrial variants exerting male biases in effect have come to light in bilaterians. These cases aside, it remains unknown whether the mitochondrial genetic variation affecting phenotypic expression, and in particular reproductive performance, in bilaterians is routinely composed of sex-biased or sex-specific variation. If selection consistently favours mtDNA variants that augment female fitness, but at cost to males, this could shape patterns of pleiotropy and lead to negative intersexual correlations across mtDNA haplotypes. Here, we show that genetic variation across naturally occurring mitochondrial haplotypes affects components of reproductive success in both sexes, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster We find that intrasexual correlations across mitochondrial haplotypes, for components of reproductive success, are generally positive, while intersexual correlations are negative. These results accord with theoretical predictions, suggesting that maternal inheritance has led to the fixation of numerous mutations of sexually antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Camus
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia .,Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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25
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Culea C, Tăbăcaru B, Stanca S, Stanca HT. Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy - Case Discussion. Rom J Ophthalmol 2019; 63:91-101. [PMID: 31198903 PMCID: PMC6531774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To report a case of a young patient with a clinical condition suggestive of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) confirmed by genetic testing. Material and methods. We present a case of a 21-year-old Caucasian male with bilateral visual loss. The patient complained of visual loss, initially in the right eye and two weeks thereafter in the left eye. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of 20/ 400 in both eyes, anterior segment of normal appearance, normal direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes, and absence of a relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundus examination demonstrated bilateral protruding, hyperemic, with blurred margins in the nasal quadrant papilla and reduced excavation, tortuous vessels, peripapillary telangiectasias. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed bilateral increase of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell layer - inner plexiform layer complex (GCL-IPL complex) severely thinned. Results. The clinical suspicion of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy was confirmed by the 3460 mutation, which was identified on blood mitochondrial analysis. Meantime, the visual acuity decreased to CF in both eyes. We initiated treatment with idebenone (300 mg T.I.D.). After three months of follow-up, visual acuity was CF in both eyes, bilateral pupillary light reflexes within normal limits and optic disc pallor was noticed in both eyes. Conclusion. No visual recovery was noticed after one year. We recommended that the idebenone treatment was continued and the patient was followed-up further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Culea
- “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdana Tăbăcaru
- “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Stanca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Tudor Stanca
- “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Manuelidis L. Prokaryotic SPHINX 1.8 REP protein is tissue-specific and expressed in human germline cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6198-6208. [PMID: 30317668 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small circular DNAs of 1.8 and 2.4 kb were initially discovered in highly infectious Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and scrapie particles from mammalian brain and cultured cells. Surprisingly, these protected cytoplasmic "SPHINX" DNAs contained replication (REP) initiation sequences resembling those of Acinetobacter phage viruses. An antibody was generated against a REP peptide encoded by the SPHINX 1.8 open reading frame (ORF) that was not present in mammals. It bound to a 41kd "spx1" protein on Western blots. Cytologically, spx1 concentrated in spinal cord synapses and pancreatic islet, but not exocrine cells. We hypothesized that circular SPHINX DNAs are ancient symbiotic elements that can participate in functional differentiation and neurodegeneration. Cell and tissue-specific patterns of spx1 expression shown below implicate somatic cell-to-cell communication and differentiation functions that would favor conservation of SPHINX 1.8 in evolution. Remarkably, primary human oocytes and spermatogonia, but not mature sperm, displayed intense cytoplasmic spx1 signals that underscore the maternal inheritance of SPHINX 1.8. These findings should encourage investigations of unexplored networks of incorporated environmental infectious agents that can be key actors in progressive neurodegeneration, immunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Manuelidis
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Surgery, Yale University Medical School, Connecticut
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27
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Abstract
Over half a century ago, British developmental biologist Conrad Hal Waddington proposed the idea of canalization, that is, homeostasis in development. Since the breakthrough that was made by Rutherford and Lindquist (1998), who proposed a role of Hsp90 in developmental buffering, chaperones have gained much attention in the study of canalization. However, recent studies have revealed that a number of other molecules are also potentially involved in canalization. Here, I introduce the emerging role of DnaJ chaperones in canalization. I also discuss how the expression levels of such buffering molecules can be altered, thereby altering organismal development. Since developmental robustness is maternally inherited in various organisms, I propose that dynamic bet hedging, an increase in within-clutch variation in offspring phenotypes that is caused by unpredictable environmental challenges to the mothers, plays a key role in altering the expression levels of buffering molecules. Investigating dynamic bet hedging at the molecular level and how it impacts upon morphological phenotypes will help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of canalization and evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sato
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan.
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
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28
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Ramakers JJC, Cobben MMP, Bijma P, Reed TE, Visser ME, Gienapp P. Maternal Effects in a Wild Songbird Are Environmentally Plastic but Only Marginally Alter the Rate of Adaptation. Am Nat 2018; 191:E144-E158. [PMID: 29693435 DOI: 10.1086/696847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite ample evidence for the presence of maternal effects (MEs) in a variety of traits and strong theoretical indications for their evolutionary consequences, empirical evidence to what extent MEs can influence evolutionary responses to selection remains ambiguous. We tested the degree to which MEs can alter the rate of adaptation of a key life-history trait, clutch size, using an individual-based model approach parameterized with experimental data from a long-term study of great tits (Parus major). We modeled two types of MEs: (i) an environmentally plastic ME, in which the relationship between maternal and offspring clutch size depended on the maternal environment via offspring condition, and (ii) a fixed ME, in which this relationship was constant. Although both types of ME affected the rate of adaptation following an abrupt environmental shift, the overall effects were small. We conclude that evolutionary consequences of MEs are modest at best in our study system, at least for the trait and the particular type of ME we considered here. A closer link between theoretical and empirical work on MEs would hence be useful to obtain accurate predictions about the evolutionary consequences of MEs more generally.
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29
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Li S, Pan H, Tan C, Sun Y, Song Y, Zhang X, Yang W, Wang X, Li D, Dai Y, Ma Q, Xu C, Zhu X, Kang L, Fu Y, Xu X, Shu J, Zhou N, Han F, Qin D, Huang W, Liu Z, Yan Q. Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Contribute to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patient iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes with MT-RNR2 Mutation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:808-21. [PMID: 29456182 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. A potential role of mtDNA mutations in HCM is known. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking mtDNA mutations to HCM remain poorly understood due to lack of cell and animal models. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (HCM-iPSC-CMs) from human patients in a maternally inherited HCM family who carry the m.2336T>C mutation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2). The results showed that the m.2336T>C mutation resulted in mitochondrial dysfunctions and ultrastructure defects by decreasing the stability of 16S rRNA, which led to reduced levels of mitochondrial proteins. The ATP/ADP ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential were also reduced, thereby elevating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was associated with numerous HCM-specific electrophysiological abnormalities. Our findings therefore provide an innovative insight into the pathogenesis of maternally inherited HCM. Generation of HCM-specific iPSC-CMs carrying the m.2336T>C mutation in MT-RNR2 m.2336T>C mutation results in mitochondrial dysfunctions Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to increased [Ca2+]i and decreased ICaL Abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis is associated with HCM-specific abnormalities
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30
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Luan J, Sun X, Fei Z, Douglas AE. Maternal Inheritance of a Single Somatic Animal Cell Displayed by the Bacteriocyte in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Curr Biol 2018; 28:459-465.e3. [PMID: 29395925 PMCID: PMC5807091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocytes are insect cells harboring symbiotic bacteria that are required by their insect host and are transmitted vertically via the female ovary [1]. In most insect groups, the bacteria are released from the bacteriocytes and transferred to the ovary [2, 3], but in whiteflies, maternal bacteriocytes migrate to each egg [4, 5, 6], where they have been reported to lyse, releasing the symbionts [1]. To investigate bacteriocyte inheritance in whiteflies further, we applied microsatellite genotyping and genomic analysis to a genetically diverse population of Bemisia tabaci, and we observed the fate of the bacteriocyte in embryos. Surprisingly, the microsatellite profile of the bacteriocytes was uniform, and insect cross experiments demonstrated that the bacteriocytes have a stable genotype that differs from the genotype of the insect head (which lacks bacteriocytes). Comparative genomic analysis indicates that genomes of the bacteriocyte and whitefly head are distinct. Interestingly, the bacterioyte genome contains the canonical arthropod telomere repeats TTAGG, and the bacteriocytes express telomere maintenance genes that may underlie cellular immortality in animal cells [7]. Microscopy observations confirmed that a single bacteriocyte transmitted to each egg is retained and divides once just before egg hatch, yielding two bacteriocytes in the neonate insect. These data demonstrate the maternal inheritance of an absolutely required somatic insect cell, violating the developmental separation of germline and soma [8, 9]. Future investigation on the mechanism and phylogenetic distribution of maternally inherited bacteriocytes will shed light on the developmental origins and evolutionary diversification of bacteriocytes [10] and the processes underlying cellular immortality [11]. Whitefly bacteriocytes have different microsatellite alleles from other somatic cells The bacteriocyte genotype is stable over three sexual generations of the insect Bacteriocyte genomes in different insects are genetically very similar The single bacteriocyte transmitted to the sexual egg persists through embryogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Luan
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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31
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Meng F, He Z, Tang X, Zheng J, Jin X, Zhu Y, Ren X, Zhou M, Wang M, Gong S, Mo JQ, Shu Q, Guan MX. Contribution of the tRNA Ile 4317A→G mutation to the phenotypic manifestation of the deafness-associated mitochondrial 12S rRNA 1555A→G mutation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3321-3334. [PMID: 29348176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1555A→G mutation in mitochondrial 12S rRNA has been associated with aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic deafness in many individuals worldwide. Mitochondrial genetic modifiers are proposed to influence the phenotypic expression of m.1555A→G mutation. Here, we report that a deafness-susceptibility allele (m.4317A→G) in the tRNAIle gene modulates the phenotype expression of m.1555A→G mutation. Strikingly, a large Han Chinese pedigree carrying both m.4317A→G and m.1555A→G mutations exhibited much higher penetrance of deafness than those carrying only the m.1555A→G mutation. The m.4317A→G mutation affected a highly conserved adenine at position 59 in the T-loop of tRNAIle We therefore hypothesized that the m.4317A→G mutation alters both structure and function of tRNAIle Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from members of Chinese families (three carrying both m.1555A→G and m.4317A→G mutations, three harboring only m.1555A→G mutation, and three controls lacking these mutations), we found that the cell lines bearing both m.4317A→G and m.1555A→G mutations exhibited more severe mitochondrial dysfunctions than those carrying only the m.1555A→G mutation. We also found that the m.4317A→G mutation perturbed the conformation, stability, and aminoacylation efficiency of tRNAIle These m.4317A→G mutation-induced alterations in tRNAIle structure and function aggravated the defective mitochondrial translation and respiratory phenotypes associated with the m.1555A→G mutation. Furthermore, mutant cell lines bearing both m.4317A→G and m.1555A→G mutations exhibited greater reductions in the mitochondrial ATP levels and membrane potentials and increasing production of reactive oxygen species than those carrying only the m.1555A→G mutation. Our findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of maternally inherited deafness arising from the synergy between mitochondrial 12S rRNA and tRNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Meng
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,the Institute of Genetics
| | - Zheyun He
- the Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, and.,the Institute of Liver Diseases, Ningbo Secondary Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- the Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Jing Zheng
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,the Institute of Genetics
| | | | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- the Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, and
| | - Mi Zhou
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,the Institute of Genetics
| | - Meng Wang
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China.,the Institute of Genetics
| | - Shasha Gong
- the Institute of Genetics.,the School of Medicine, Taizhou College, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China, and
| | - Jun Qin Mo
- the Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92123
| | - Qiang Shu
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China,
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- From the Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China, .,the Institute of Genetics.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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32
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Kuo LY, Tang TY, Li FW, Su HJ, Chiou WL, Huang YM, Wang CN. Organelle Genome Inheritance in Deparia Ferns (Athyriaceae, Aspleniineae, Polypodiales). Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:486. [PMID: 29755486 PMCID: PMC5932399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Organelle genomes of land plants are predominately inherited maternally but in some cases can also be transmitted paternally or biparentally. Compared to seed plants (>83% genera of angiosperms and >12% genera of gymnosperms), plastid genome (plastome) inheritance has only been investigated in fewer than 2% of fern genera, and mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from only one fern genus. We developed a new and efficient method to examine plastome and mitogenome inheritance in a fern species-Deparia lancea (Athyriaceae, Aspleniineae, Polypodiales), and found that plastid and mitochondrial DNAs were transmitted from only the maternal parentage to a next generation. To further examine whether both organelle genomes have the same manner of inheritance in other Deparia ferns, we sequenced both plastid and mitochondrial DNA regions of inter-species hybrids, and performed phylogenetic analyses to identify the origins of organellar DNA. Evidence from our experiments and phylogenetic analyses support that both organelle genomes in Deparia are uniparentally and maternally inherited. Most importantly, our study provides the first report of mitogenome inheritance in eupolypod ferns, and the second one among all ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Li-Yaung Kuo, Yao-Moan Huang, Chun-Neng Wang,
| | - Te-Yen Tang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Huei-Jiun Su
- Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Chiou
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation Center, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Moan Huang
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Li-Yaung Kuo, Yao-Moan Huang, Chun-Neng Wang,
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Li-Yaung Kuo, Yao-Moan Huang, Chun-Neng Wang,
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Harcourt BE, Bullen DVR, Kao KT, Tassoni D, Alexander EJ, Burgess T, White SM, Sabin MA. Maternal inheritance of BDNF deletion, with phenotype of obesity and developmental delay in mother and child. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:194-200. [PMID: 29160031 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant world health problem. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of obesity in childhood is important for the rational design of strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the growth and development of the central nervous system, there is also an evidence that BDNF plays a role in regulation of appetite. Disruption of the expression of this gene in a child has been previously reported to result in a phenotype of severe obesity, hyperphagia, impaired cognitive function, and hyperactivity. We report a mother and child, both with micro-deletions encompassing the BDNF gene locus, who both have obesity and developmental delay, although without hyperactivity. This report highlights the maternal inheritance of a rare genetic cause of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Harcourt
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Mater Research Institute-UQ, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Kung-Ting Kao
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Erin J Alexander
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Trent Burgess
- Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M White
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Obesity Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Sato K, Sato M. Multiple ways to prevent transmission of paternal mitochondrial DNA for maternal inheritance in animals. J Biochem 2017; 162:247-253. [PMID: 28981751 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA). In most sexually reproducing organisms, mtDNA is inherited maternally (uniparentally); this type of inheritance is thus referred to as 'maternal (uniparental) inheritance'. Recent studies have revealed various mechanisms to prevent the transmission of sperm-derived paternal mtDNA to the offspring, thereby ensuring maternal inheritance of mtDNA. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, paternal mitochondria and their mtDNA degenerate almost immediately after fertilization and are selectively degraded by autophagy, which is referred to as 'allophagy' (allogeneic [non-self] organelle autophagy). In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, paternal mtDNA is largely eliminated by an endonuclease G-mediated mechanism. Paternal mitochondria are subsequently removed by endocytic and autophagic pathways after fertilization. In many mammals, including humans, paternal mitochondria enter fertilized eggs. However, the fate of paternal mitochondria and their mtDNA in mammals is still a matter of debate. In this review, we will summarize recent knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the prevention of paternal mtDNA transmission, which ensures maternal mtDNA inheritance in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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Radzvilavicius AL, Kokko H, Christie JR. Mitigating Mitochondrial Genome Erosion Without Recombination. Genetics 2017; 207:1079-88. [PMID: 28893855 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are ATP-producing organelles of bacterial ancestry that played a key role in the origin and early evolution of complex eukaryotic cells. Most modern eukaryotes transmit mitochondrial genes uniparentally, often without recombination among genetically divergent organelles. While this asymmetric inheritance maintains the efficacy of purifying selection at the level of the cell, the absence of recombination could also make the genome susceptible to Muller's ratchet. How mitochondria escape this irreversible defect accumulation is a fundamental unsolved question. Occasional paternal leakage could in principle promote recombination, but it would also compromise the purifying selection benefits of uniparental inheritance. We assess this tradeoff using a stochastic population-genetic model. In the absence of recombination, uniparental inheritance of freely-segregating genomes mitigates mutational erosion, while paternal leakage exacerbates the ratchet effect. Mitochondrial fusion-fission cycles ensure independent genome segregation, improving purifying selection. Paternal leakage provides opportunity for recombination to slow down the mutation accumulation, but always at a cost of increased steady-state mutation load. Our findings indicate that random segregation of mitochondrial genomes under uniparental inheritance can effectively combat the mutational meltdown, and that homologous recombination under paternal leakage might not be needed.
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Yeh YH, Gunasekharan V, Manuelidis L. A prokaryotic viral sequence is expressed and conserved in mammalian brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7118-23. [PMID: 28630311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural and permanent transfer of prokaryotic viral sequences to mammals has not been reported by others. Circular "SPHINX" DNAs <5 kb were previously isolated from nuclease-protected cytoplasmic particles in rodent neuronal cell lines and brain. Two of these DNAs were sequenced after Φ29 polymerase amplification, and they revealed significant but imperfect homology to segments of commensal Acinetobacter phage viruses. These findings were surprising because the brain is isolated from environmental microorganisms. The 1.76-kb DNA sequence (SPHINX 1.8), with an iteron before its ORF, was evaluated here for its expression in neural cells and brain. A rabbit affinity purified antibody generated against a peptide without homology to mammalian sequences labeled a nonglycosylated ∼41-kDa protein (spx1) on Western blots, and the signal was efficiently blocked by the competing peptide. Spx1 was resistant to limited proteinase K digestion, but was unrelated to the expression of host prion protein or its pathologic amyloid form. Remarkably, spx1 concentrated in selected brain synapses, such as those on anterior motor horn neurons that integrate many complex neural inputs. SPHINX 1.8 appears to be involved in tissue-specific differentiation, including essential functions that preserve its propagation during mammalian evolution, possibly via maternal inheritance. The data here indicate that mammals can share and exchange a larger world of prokaryotic viruses than previously envisioned.
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Hurd TR, Herrmann B, Sauerwald J, Sanny J, Grosch M, Lehmann R. Long Oskar Controls Mitochondrial Inheritance in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Cell 2017; 39:560-571. [PMID: 27923120 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inherited mtDNA mutations cause severe human disease. In most species, mitochondria are inherited maternally through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Genes that specifically control the inheritance of mitochondria in the germline are unknown. Here, we show that the long isoform of the protein Oskar regulates the maternal inheritance of mitochondria in Drosophila melanogaster. We show that, during oogenesis, mitochondria accumulate at the oocyte posterior, concurrent with the bulk streaming and churning of the oocyte cytoplasm. Long Oskar traps and maintains mitochondria at the posterior at the site of primordial germ cell (PGC) formation through an actin-dependent mechanism. Mutating long oskar strongly reduces the number of mtDNA molecules inherited by PGCs. Therefore, Long Oskar ensures germline transmission of mitochondria to the next generation. These results provide molecular insight into how mitochondria are passed from mother to offspring, as well as how they are positioned and asymmetrically partitioned within polarized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ryan Hurd
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Beate Herrmann
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Sauerwald
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justina Sanny
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Markus Grosch
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Kim JH, Kim GJ, Lee D, Ko JH, Lim I, Bang H, Koes BW, Seong B, Lee DC. Higher maternal vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomeres in newborns. Matern Child Nutr 2017; 14. [PMID: 28598004 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gestational vitamin D insufficiency is related with increased risks of various diseases and poor health outcomes later in life. Telomere length at birth or early in life is known to be a predictor of individual health. Both vitamin D and telomere length are related with various health conditions, and vitamin D concentrations are associated with leukocyte telomere lengths in women. We investigated the association between maternal vitamin D concentrations and newborn leukocyte telomere lengths. This cross-sectional study included 106 healthy pregnant women without adverse obstetric outcomes and their offspring. We examined the maternal age, weight before pregnancy, health behaviours, and nutritional intakes, along with each newborn's sex and birthweight, and we measured maternal height, telomere length, total white blood cell count, and glycosylated haemoglobin as covariates. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between the baseline variables and newborn leukocyte telomere lengths. To confirm that there was an independent association between newborn leukocyte telomere lengths and maternal vitamin D concentrations, we performed a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Newborn leukocyte telomere lengths correlated positively with maternal leukocyte telomere lengths (r = .76, p < .01), maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (r = .72, p < .01), maternal energy intakes (r = .22, p = .03), and newborn body weights (r = .51, p < .01). In the multivariate model, newborn leukocyte telomere lengths were associated with maternal vitamin D concentrations (β = .33, p < .01). These findings suggest that the maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy may be a significant determinant of the offspring's telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Jun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inja Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoweon Bang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bart W Koes
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Byeongchan Seong
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Thiede DA. MATERNAL INHERITANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION: A QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL EFFECTS IN A NATURAL PLANT POPULATION. Evolution 2017; 52:998-1015. [PMID: 28565233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/1997] [Accepted: 04/08/1998] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mother can influence a trait in her offspring both by the genes she transmits (Mendelian inheritance) and by maternal attributes that directly affect that trait in her offspring (maternal inheritance). Maternal inheritance can alter the direction, rate, and duration of adaptive evolution from standard Mendelian models and its impact on adaptive evolution is virtually unexplored in natural populations. In a hierarchical quantitative genetic analysis to determine the magnitude and structure of maternal inheritance in the winter annual plant, Collinsia verna, I consider three potential models of inheritance. These range from a standard Mendelian model estimating only direct (i.e., Mendelian) additive and environmental variance components to a maternal inheritance model estimating six additive and environmental variance components: direct additive (σAo2) and environmental (σEo2) variances; maternal additive (σAm2) and environmental (σEm2) variances; and the direct-maternal additive (σApAm) and environmental (σEm2) covariances. The structure of maternal inheritance differs among the 10 traits considered at four stages in the life cycle. Early in the life cycle, seed weight and embryo weight display substantial σAm2, a negative σAoAm, and a positive σEoEm. Subsequently, cotyledon diameter displays σAo2 and σAm2 of roughly the same magnitude and negative σAoAm. For fall rosettes, leaf number and length are best described by a Mendelian model. In the spring, leaf length displays maternal inheritance with significant σAo2 and σAm2 and a negative σAoAm. All maternally inherited traits show significant negative σAoAm. Predicted response to selection under maternal inheritance depends on σAo2 and σAm2 as well as σAoAm. Negative σAoAm results in predicted responses in the opposite direction to selection for seed weight and embryo weight and predicted responses near zero for all subsequent maternally inherited traits. Maternal inheritance persists through the life cycle of this annual plant for a number of size-related traits and will alter the direction and rate of evolutionary response in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Thiede
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, 49060
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40
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Yu Z, O'Farrell PH, Yakubovich N, DeLuca SZ. The Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Promotes Elimination of Paternal Mitochondrial Genomes. Curr Biol 2017; 27:1033-1039. [PMID: 28318978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is typically inherited from only one parent [1-3]. In animals, this is usually the mother. Maternal inheritance is often presented as the passive outcome of the difference in cytoplasmic content of egg and sperm; however, active programs enforce uniparental inheritance at two levels, eliminating paternal mitochondrial genomes or destroying mitochondria delivered to the zygote by the sperm [4-13]. Both levels operate in Drosophila [8, 12, 13]. As sperm formation begins, hundreds of doomed mitochondrial genomes are visualized within the two huge mitochondria of each spermatid. These genomes abruptly disappear during spermatogenesis. Genome elimination, which is not in the interests of the restricted genomes, is directed by nuclear genes. Mutation of EndoG, which encodes a mitochondria-targeted endonuclease, retarded elimination [8]. Here, we show that knockdown of the nuclear-encoded mtDNA polymerase (Pol γ-α), Tamas, produces a more complete block of mtDNA elimination. Tamas is found in large particles that localize to mtDNA during genome elimination. We discount a simple possible mechanism by showing that the 3'-exonuclease function of the polymerase is not needed. While DNA elimination is a surprising function for DNA polymerase, it could provide a robust nexus for nuclear control of mitochondrial genome copy number, since use of common interactions for elimination and replication might limit options for the mitochondrial genome to escape restriction. We suggest that the DNA polymerase may play this role more widely and that inappropriate activation of its elimination ability might underlie association of DNA loss syndromes with mutations of the human mtDNA polymerase [14-16].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Patrick H O'Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
| | - Nikita Yakubovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Steven Z DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
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Knorr E, Schmidtberg H, Arslan D, Bingsohn L, Vilcinskas A. Translocation of bacteria from the gut to the eggs triggers maternal transgenerational immune priming in Tribolium castaneum. Biol Lett 2017; 11:20150885. [PMID: 26701756 PMCID: PMC4707703 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates can be primed to enhance their protection against pathogens they have encountered before. This enhanced immunity can be passed maternally or paternally to the offspring and is known as transgenerational immune priming. We challenged larvae of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum by feeding them on diets supplemented with Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus or Pseudomonas entomophila, thus mimicking natural exposure to pathogens. The oral uptake of bacteria induced immunity-related genes in the offspring, but did not affect the methylation status of the egg DNA. However, we observed the translocation of bacteria or bacterial fragments from the gut to the developing eggs via the female reproductive system. Such translocating microbial elicitors are postulated to trigger bacterial strain-specific immune responses in the offspring and provide an alternative mechanistic explanation for maternal transgenerational immune priming in coleopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Knorr
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, 35395 Giessen, Germany
| | - Henrike Schmidtberg
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Derya Arslan
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, 35395 Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Bingsohn
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, 35395 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Strasse 2, 35395 Giessen, Germany Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Nakamura S, Pourkheirandish M, Morishige H, Sameri M, Sato K, Komatsuda T. Quantitative Trait Loci and Maternal Effects Affecting the Strong Grain Dormancy of Wild Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1840. [PMID: 29163576 PMCID: PMC5674934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) has strong grain dormancy, a trait that may enhance its survival in non-cultivated environments; by contrast, cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) has weaker dormancy, allowing uniform germination in cultivation. Malting barley cultivars have been bred for especially weak dormancy to optimize their use in malt production. Here, we analyzed the genetic mechanism of this difference in seed dormancy, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the wild barley accession 'H602' and the malting barley cultivar 'Kanto Nakate Gold (KNG)'. Grains of H602 and KNG harvested at physiological maturity and dried at 30°C for 7 days had germination of approximately 0 and 100%, respectively. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting grain dormancy identified the well-known major dormancy QTL SD1 and SD2 (located near the centromeric region and at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5H, respectively), and QTL at the end of the long arm of chromosome 4H and in the middle of the long arm of chromosome 5H. We designated these four QTL Qsd1-OK, Qsd2-OK, Qsdw-4H, and Qsdw-5H, and they explained approximately 6, 38, 3, and 13% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. RILs carrying H602 alleles showed increased dormancy levels for all QTL. The QTL acted additively and did not show epistasis or QTL-environment interactions. Comparison of QTL locations indicated that all QTL except Qsdw-5H are likely the same as the QTL previously detected in the doubled haploid population from a cross between the malting cultivar 'Haruna Nijo' and 'H602.' We further examined Qsd2-OK and Qsdw-5H by analyzing the segregation of phenotypes and genotypes of F2 progenies derived from crosses between RILs carrying specific segments of chromosome 5H from H602 in the KNG background. This analysis confirmed that the two genomic regions corresponding to these QTL are involved in the regulation of grain dormancy. Germination tests of F1 grains derived from reciprocal crosses between H602 and KNG revealed that the H602 strong dormancy phenotype shows maternal inheritance with incomplete dominance. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms regulating grain dormancy in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamura
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Nakamura,
| | - Mohammad Pourkheirandish
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hiromi Morishige
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mohammad Sameri
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
Organizational processes during prenatal development can have long-term effects on an individual's phenotype. Because these early developmental stages are sensitive to environmental influences, mothers are in a unique position to alter their offspring's phenotype by differentially allocating resources to their developing young. However, such prenatal maternal effects are difficult to disentangle from other forms of parental care, additive genetic effects, and/or other forms of maternal inheritance, hampering our understanding of their evolutionary consequences. Here we used divergent selection lines for high and low prenatal maternal investment and their reciprocal line crosses in a precocial bird-the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)-to quantify the relative importance of genes and prenatal maternal effects in shaping offspring phenotype. Maternal but not paternal origin strongly affected offspring body size and survival throughout development. Although the effects of maternal egg investment faded over time, they were large at key life stages. Additionally, there was evidence for other forms of maternal inheritance affecting offspring phenotype at later stages of development. Our study is among the first to successfully disentangle prenatal maternal effects from all other sources of confounding variation and highlights the important role of prenatal maternal provisioning in shaping offspring traits closely linked to fitness.
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Munehara H, Horita M, Kimura-Kawaguchi MR, Yamazaki A. Origins of two hemiclonal hybrids among three Hexagrammos species (Teleostei: Hexagrammidae): genetic diversification through host switching. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7126-7140. [PMID: 28725387 PMCID: PMC5513241 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two natural, hemiclonal hybrid strains were discovered in three Hexagrammos species. The natural hybrids, all of which were females that produced haploid eggs containing only the Hexagrammos octogrammus genome (maternal ancestor; hereafter Hoc), generated F1 hybrid‐type offspring by fertilization with haploid sperm of Hexagrammos agrammus or Hexagrammos otakii (paternal species; Hag and Hot, respectively). This study was performed to clarify the extent of diversification between the two hybrids and the maternal ancestor. Genealogical analysis using mtDNA revealed that all 38 Hoc/Hot hybrids formed a branch (Branch I) with 18 of the 33 Hoc/Hag hybrids. No haplotype sharing was observed with the maternal ancestor. Further, microsatellite DNA analysis suggested that the members of Branch I shared the same hemiclonal genome set. The results suggested that Hoc/Hot hybrids originated by anomalous hybridization, or “host switching,” between Hoc/Hag and Hot, and not from interspecific hybridization between Hoc and Hot. The remaining 9 of 11 Hoc/Hag haplotypes and all of the 27 Hoc haplotypes were mixed within the genealogical tree, as if they had originated from multiple mutations. However, Hoc/Hag could also mate with Hoc. Although offspring from this host switch (Backcross‐Hoc) have the same genome as normal Hoc, a part of their genome retains genetic factors capable of producing hemiclones. Consequently, when a descendant of a BC‐Hoc hybrid mates with Hag males, a new hemiclone lineage will arise. Multiple haplotype revival through host switching from a single mutation in hybrids is another possible hypothesis for the observed mixing of Hoc/Hag haplotypes within the mtDNA genealogical tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Munehara
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan
| | - Miho Horita
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan.,Division of Analytical Bio-Medicine Advanced Research Support Center Ehime University Toon City Ehime Japan
| | - Motoko R Kimura-Kawaguchi
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan
| | - Aya Yamazaki
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Hakodate Hokkaido Japan
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, India
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46
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Zhang J, Guo J, Fang W, Jun Q, Shi K. Clinical features of MELAS and its relation with A3243G gene point mutation. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:13411-13415. [PMID: 26722549 PMCID: PMC4680494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) mostly occur in children. The point mutation A3243G of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may work as a specific bio-marker for mitochondrial disorders. The related clinical features, however, may vary among individuals. This study therefore investigated the relation between MELAS clinical features and point mutation A3243G of mtDNA, in an attempt to provide further evidences for genetic diagnosis of MELAS. Children with MELAS-like syndromes were tested for both blood lactate level and point mutation A3243G of mtDNA. Further family study was performed by mtDNA mutation screening at the same loci for those who had positive gene mutation at A3243G loci. Those who were negative for A3243G point mutation were examined by muscle biopsy and genetic screening. Both clinical and genetic features were analyzed. In all 40 cases with positive A3243G mutation, 36 children fitted clinical diagnosis of MELAS. In other 484 cases with negative mutation, only 8 children were clinically diagnosed with MELAS. Blood lactate levels in both groups were all elevated (P>0.05). In a further genetic screening of 28 families, 10 biological mothers and 8 siblings of MELAS children had positive A3243G point mutations but without any clinical symptoms. Certain difference existed in the clinical manifestations between children who were positive and negative for A3243G mutation of mtDNA but without statistical significance. MELAS showed maternal inheritance under most circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wanghui Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qili Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Kaili Shi
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Province Children’s HospitalTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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Guan N, Nie C, Geng R, Gao Z, Zhang X. The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × Megalobrama skolkovii (♂). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4294-4295. [PMID: 26406120 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1082102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × Megalobrama skolkovii (♂) was characterized first in this study. The total length of the genome was identical to the female parent as 16 623 bp, and the overall base composition was 31.23% A, 24.69% T, 27.89% C, and 16.19% G, with a slight A + T bias. It contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light-strand replication). This study discovered the 99.88% sequence identity between the hybrid and its female parent, which confirmed the maternal inheritance pattern followed by the mitochondrial genome of the hybrid. However, the sequence alignment of mitochondrial genomes between the hybrid and its female parent revealed a total of 20 variable sites in 10 genes or regions, especially 4 sense mutations in 2 PCGs (COX1 and ATPase6). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of this hybrid bream may provide an important dataset for further study in mitochondrial inheritance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningnan Guan
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China and.,b Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Nie
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China and.,b Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Geng
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China and.,b Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zexia Gao
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China and.,b Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Zhang
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China and.,b Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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48
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Chen B, Wan S, Gao Z. The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Megalobrama skolkovii (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (♂). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3768-9. [PMID: 26332664 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1079897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Megalobrama skolkovii (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (♂) for the first time. The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid bream was found to be 16 621 bp in size with a mostly conserved structural organization when compared with that of other Megalobrama species. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and two main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication). Sequence alignment of mitochondrial genomes between the hybrid and its female parent showed that a total of 38 mutation sites in 13 genes or regions, in particular, three sense mutations in three protein-coding genes (COX1, ND4L, and ND5) with 27 mutation sites in nine protein-coding genes. This mitogenome sequence data would contribute to a better understanding of genetic mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Chen
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China .,b Hubei Bai Rong Improved Aquatic Seed Co., Ltd , Huanggang , China , and
| | - Shiming Wan
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China .,c 3Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , China
| | - Zexia Gao
- a College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , People's Republic of China .,c 3Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province , Wuhan , China
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Padua MV, Zeh DW, Bonilla MM, Zeh JA. Sisters' curse: sexually antagonistic effects constrain the spread of a mitochondrial haplogroup superior in sperm competition. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1686. [PMID: 25377452 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal inheritance of mitochondria creates a sex-specific selective sieve with implications for male longevity, disease susceptibility and infertility. Because males are an evolutionary dead end for mitochondria, mitochondrial mutations that are harmful or beneficial to males but not females cannot respond directly to selection. Although the importance of this male/female asymmetry in evolutionary response depends on the extent to which mitochondrial mutations exert antagonistic effects on male and female fitness, few studies have documented sex-specific selection acting on mitochondria. Here, we exploited the discovery of two highly divergent mitochondrial haplogroups (A and B2) in central Panamanian populations of the pseudoscorpion Cordylochernes scorpioides. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses suggest that selection on the ND4 and ND4L mitochondrial genes may partially explain sexually antagonistic mitochondrial effects on reproduction. Males carrying the rare B2 mitochondrial haplogroup enjoy a marked advantage in sperm competition, but B2 females are significantly less sexually receptive at second mating than A females. This reduced propensity for polyandry is likely to significantly reduce female lifetime reproductive success, thereby limiting the spread of the male beneficial B2 haplogroup. Our findings suggest that maternal inheritance of mitochondria and sexually antagonistic selection can constrain male adaptation and sexual selection in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Padua
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - David W Zeh
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Melvin M Bonilla
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeanne A Zeh
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Li S, Guo W, Liu X, Qu H, Guan M, Su W. Complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid of Acipenser schrenckii (♀) × Huso dauricus (♂). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:2887-8. [PMID: 26122339 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid of Acipenser schrenckii (♀) × Huso dauricus (♂) (A × H) was first determined by a PCR-based sequencing method in this study. The mitochondrial was 16 687 bp in length, including 13 protein genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. Base composition of the heavy strain was A (29.80%), T (24.42%), C (28.94%), G (16.82%), and with A + T bias of 54.26%. Compared with the complete mitochondrial genome of the parents, results showed the hybrid sturgeon was consistent with a maternal inheritance; however, we also found ND6 and tRNA-Glu which were species-specific for the male parent H. dauricus. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the A × H provided an important data set for further study in mitochondrial inheritance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes , Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China
| | - Wentao Guo
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and.,b Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes , Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and
| | - Huantao Qu
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and
| | - Min Guan
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and
| | - Wei Su
- a Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation , Yichang , China and
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