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Guo Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Tian H, Liu TX, Li Z. Plants affect the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae by modulating honeydew production. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:236-254. [PMID: 37370252 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In a tritrophic context of plant-insect-entomopathogen, plants play important roles in modulating the interaction of insects and their pathogenic viruses. Currently, the influence of plants on the transmission of insect viruses has been mainly studied on baculoviruses and some RNA viruses, whereas the impact of plants on other insect viruses is largely unknown. Here, we identified a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and tested whether and how host plants influence the transmission of the aphid densovirus. The complete single-stranded DNA genome of the virus, M. persicae densovirus 2, is 5 727 nt and contains inverted terminal repeats. Transcription and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus was distinct from other a few identified aphid densoviruses. The virus abundance was detected highly in the intestinal tract of aphids, compared with the lower level of it in other tissues including head, embryo, and epidermis. Cabbage and pepper plants had no obvious effect on the vertical transmission and saliva-mediated horizontal transmission of the virus. However, the honeydew-mediated horizontal transmission among aphids highly depended on host plants (65% on cabbages versus 17% on peppers). Although the virus concentration in the honeydew produced by aphids between 2 plants was similar, the honeydew production of the infected aphids reared on peppers was dramatically reduced. Taken together, our results provide evidence that plants influence the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus in an aphid population by modulating honeydew secretion of aphids, suggesting plants may manipulate the spread of an aphid-pathogenic densovirus in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Honggang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Entomology and Institute of Plant Health & Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Barik TK, Swain SN, Sahu SK, Acharya UR, Metz HC, Rasgon JL. In Silico Characterization of Intracellular Localization Signals and Structural Features of Mosquito Densovirus (MDV) Viral Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571551. [PMID: 38168177 PMCID: PMC10760122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As entomopathogenic viruses, mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are widely studied for their potential as biocontrol agents and molecular laboratory tools for mosquito manipulation. The nucleus of the mosquito cell is the site for MDV genome replication and capsid assembly, however the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and nuclear export signals (NES) for MDV proteins have not yet been identified. We carried out an in silico analysis to identify putative NLSs and NESs in the viral proteins of densoviruses that infect diverse mosquito genera (Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex) and identified putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites on these proteins. These analyses lead to a more comprehensive understanding of how MDVs are transported into and out of the nucleus and lay the foundation for the potential use of densoviruses in mosquito control and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Barik
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Odisha, India
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Odisha, India
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Surya N Swain
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Odisha, India
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Odisha, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Usha R Acharya
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Odisha, India
| | - Hillery C. Metz
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Huck Institutes of the Life sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Katak RDM, Cintra AM, Burini BC, Marinotti O, Souza-Neto JA, Rocha EM. Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence. INSECTS 2023; 14:718. [PMID: 37754686 PMCID: PMC10532289 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause human diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika fever, and filariasis. Biotechnological approaches using microorganisms have a significant potential to control mosquito populations and reduce their vector competence, making them alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Ongoing research has identified many microorganisms that can be used effectively to control mosquito populations and disease transmission. However, the successful implementation of these newly proposed approaches requires a thorough understanding of the multipronged microorganism-mosquito-pathogen-environment interactions. Although much has been achieved in discovering new entomopathogenic microorganisms, antipathogen compounds, and their mechanisms of action, only a few have been turned into viable products for mosquito control. There is a discrepancy between the number of microorganisms with the potential for the development of new insecticides and/or antipathogen products and the actual available products, highlighting the need for investments in the intersection of basic research and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Melo Katak
- Malaria and Dengue Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Manaus 69060-001, AM, Brazil;
| | - Amanda Montezano Cintra
- Multiuser Central Laboratory, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (J.A.S.-N.)
| | - Bianca Correa Burini
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA;
| | - Osvaldo Marinotti
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Jayme A. Souza-Neto
- Multiuser Central Laboratory, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (J.A.S.-N.)
| | - Elerson Matos Rocha
- Multiuser Central Laboratory, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (A.M.C.); (J.A.S.-N.)
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Kong L, Xiao J, Yang L, Sui Y, Wang D, Chen S, Liu P, Chen XG, Gu J. Mosquito densovirus significantly reduces the vector susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2 in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:48. [PMID: 37161462 PMCID: PMC10169196 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is a major public health threat, with Aedes albopictus being the confirmed vector responsible for dengue epidemics in Guangzhou, China. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are pathogenic mosquito-specific viruses, and a novel MDV was previously isolated from Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. This study aims to determine the prevalence of MDVs in wild Ae. albopictus populations and investigate their potential interactions with DENV and impact on vector susceptibility for DENV. METHODS The prevalence of MDV in wild mosquitoes in China was investigated using open access sequencing data and PCR detection in Ae. albopictus in Guangzhou. The viral infection rate and titers in MDV-persistent C6/36 cells were evaluated at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post infection (hpi) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The midgut infection rate (MIR), dissemination rate (DR), and salivary gland infection rate (SGIR) in various tissues of MDV-infected mosquitoes were detected and quantified at 0, 5, 10, and 15 days post infection (dpi) by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The chi-square test evaluated dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDV) infection rates and related indices in mosquitoes, while Tukey's LSD and t-tests compared viral titers in C6/36 cells and tissues over time. RESULTS The results revealed a relatively wide distribution of MDVs in Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles mosquitoes in China and an over 68% positive rate. In vitro, significant reductions in DENV-2 titers in supernatant at 120 hpi, and an apparent decrease in DENV-2-positive cells at 96 and 120 hpi were observed. In vivo, DENV-2 in the ovaries and salivary glands was first detected at 10 dpi in both monoinfected and superinfected Ae. albopictus females, while MDV superinfection with DENV-2 suppressed the salivary gland infection rate at 15 dpi. DENV-2 titer in the ovary and salivary glands of Ae. albopictus was reduced in superinfected mosquitoes at 15 dpi. CONCLUSIONS MDVs is widespread in natural mosquito populations, and replication of DENV-2 is suppressed in MDV-infected Ae. albopictus, thus reducing vector susceptibility to DENV-2. Our study supports the hypothesis that MDVs may contribute to reducing transmission of DENV and provides an alternative strategy for mosquito-transmitted disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Duoquan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shaoqiang Chen
- Shenzhen Aiming Pest Control Operation Service Company Limited, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Rong Lee M, Kim JC, Eun Park S, Kim WJ, Su Kim J. Detection of Viral Genes in Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290-infected longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis using transcriptome analysis. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107926. [PMID: 37087092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are carriers of viruses that can cause disease in humans and animals. The longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis; LHT), for example, mediates the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in humans, and the population of ticks is growing due to increases in temperature caused by climate change. As ticks carry primarily RNA viruses, there is a need to study the possibility of detecting new viruses through tick virome analysis. In this study, viruses in LHTs collected in Korea were investigated and virus titers in ticks exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-290 were analyzed. Total RNA was extracted from the collected ticks, and short reads were obtained from Illumina sequencing. A total of 50,024 contigs with coding capacity were obtained after de novo assembly of the reads in the metaSPAdes genome assembler. A series of BLAST-based analyses using the GenBank database was performed to screen viral contigs, and three putative virus species were identified from the tick meta-transcriptome, such as Alongshan virus (ALSV), Denso virus and Taggert virus. Measurements of virus-expression levels of infected and non-infected LHTs failed to detect substantial differences in expression levels. However, we suggest that LHT can spread not only SFTSV, but also various other disease-causing viruses over large areas of the world. From the phylogenetic analysis of ALSV glycoproteins, genetic differences in the ALSV could be due to host differences as well as regional differences. Viral metagenome analysis can be used as a tool to manage future outbreaks of disease caused by ticks by detecting unknown viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea
| | | | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ratcliffe NA, Furtado Pacheco JP, Dyson P, Castro HC, Gonzalez MS, Azambuja P, Mello CB. Overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:112. [PMID: 35361286 PMCID: PMC8969276 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents an overview of paratransgenesis as a strategy to control pathogen transmission by insect vectors. It first briefly summarises some of the disease-causing pathogens vectored by insects and emphasises the need for innovative control methods to counter the threat of resistance by both the vector insect to pesticides and the pathogens to therapeutic drugs. Subsequently, the state of art of paratransgenesis is described, which is a particularly ingenious method currently under development in many important vector insects that could provide an additional powerful tool for use in integrated pest control programmes. The requirements and recent advances of the paratransgenesis technique are detailed and an overview is given of the microorganisms selected for genetic modification, the effector molecules to be expressed and the environmental spread of the transgenic bacteria into wild insect populations. The results of experimental models of paratransgenesis developed with triatomines, mosquitoes, sandflies and tsetse flies are analysed. Finally, the regulatory and safety rules to be satisfied for the successful environmental release of the genetically engineered organisms produced in paratransgenesis are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil. .,Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - João P Furtado Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Paul Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Gonzalez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cicero B Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Instituto de Biologia (EGB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Densovirus Oil Suspension Significantly Improves the Efficacy and Duration of Larvicidal Activity against Aedes albopictus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030475. [PMID: 35336882 PMCID: PMC8954509 DOI: 10.3390/v14030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is the sole vector for various mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Ecofriendly biological agents are required to reduce the spread of these mosquito-borne infections. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are entomopathogenic mosquito-specific viruses, which can reduce the capacity of isolated vectors and decrease mosquito-borne viral disease transmission. However, their variable pathogenicity restricts their commercial use. In the present study, we developed a series of novel larvicide oil suspensions (denoted Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) oil, Ae. albopictus densovirus (AalDV-5) oil, and a mixture of AalDV-5+Bti oil), which were tested against Ae. albopictus larvae under experimental semi-field and open-field conditions. The effect of AalDV-5 on non-target species was also evaluated. The combined effect of AalDV-5+Bti was greater than that of individual toxins and was longer lasting and more persistent compared with the laboratory AalDV-5 virus strain. The virus was quantified on a weekly basis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and was persistently detected in rearing water as well as in dead larvae. Wildtype densovirus is not pathogenic to non-target organisms. The present findings confirm the improved effect of a mixed microbial suspension (AalDV-5+Bti oil) larvicide against Ae. albopictus. The development and testing of these products will enable better control of the vector mosquitoes.
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Batool K, Alam I, Liu P, Shu Z, Zhao S, Yang W, Jie X, Gu J, Chen XG. Recombinant Mosquito Densovirus with Bti Toxins Significantly Improves Pathogenicity against Aedes albopictus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:147. [PMID: 35202174 PMCID: PMC8879223 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are mosquito-specific viruses that are recommended as mosquito bio-control agents. The MDV Aedes aegypti densovirus (AeDNV) is a good candidate for controlling mosquitoes. However, the slow activity restricts their widespread use for vector control. In this study, we introduced the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) toxin Cry11Aa domain II loop α8 and Cyt1Aa loop β6-αE peptides into the AeDNV genome to improve its mosquitocidal efficiency; protein expression was confirmed using nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). Recombinant plasmids were transfected into mosquito C6/36 cell lines, and the expression of specific peptides was detected through RT-PCR. A toxicity bioassay against the first instar Aedes albopictus larvae revealed that the pathogenic activity of recombinant AeDNV was significantly higher and faster than the wild-type (wt) viruses, and mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner. The recombinant viruses were genetically stable and displayed growth phenotype and virus proliferation ability, similar to wild-type AeDNV. Our novel results offer further insights by combining two mosquitocidal pathogens to improve viral toxicity for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Batool
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Intikhab Alam
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Zeng Shu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiao Jie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (K.B.); (P.L.); (Z.S.); (S.Z.); (W.Y.); (X.J.); (J.G.)
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9
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Differential characteristics of mammalian and tick-derived promoters to trigger protein expression in transfected tick cell lines. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Altinli M, Schnettler E, Sicard M. Symbiotic Interactions Between Mosquitoes and Mosquito Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:694020. [PMID: 34527601 PMCID: PMC8435781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.694020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes not only transmit human and veterinary pathogens called arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) but also harbor mosquito-associated insect-specific viruses (mosquito viruses) that cannot infect vertebrates. In the past, studies investigating mosquito viruses mainly focused on highly pathogenic interactions that were easier to detect than those without visible symptoms. However, the recent advances in viral metagenomics have highlighted the abundance and diversity of viruses which do not generate mass mortality in host populations. Over the last decade, this has facilitated the rapid growth of virus discovery in mosquitoes. The circumstances around the discovery of mosquito viruses greatly affected how they have been studied so far. While earlier research mainly focused on the pathogenesis caused by DNA and some double-stranded RNA viruses during larval stages, more recently discovered single-stranded RNA mosquito viruses were heavily studied for their putative interference with arboviruses in female adults. Thus, many aspects of mosquito virus interactions with their hosts and host-microbiota are still unknown. In this context, considering mosquito viruses as endosymbionts can help to identify novel research areas, in particular in relation to their long-term interactions with their hosts (e.g. relationships during all life stages, the stability of the associations at evolutionary scales, transmission routes and virulence evolution) and the possible context-dependent range of interactions (i.e. beneficial to antagonistic). Here, we review the symbiotic interactions of mosquito viruses considering different aspects of their ecology, such as transmission, host specificity, host immune system and interactions with other symbionts within the host cellular arena. Finally, we highlight related research gaps in mosquito virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- Molecular Entomology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Molecular Entomology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Despite tight genetic compression, viral genomes are often organized into functional gene clusters, a modular structure that might favor their evolvability. This has greatly facilitated biotechnological developments such as the recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) systems for gene therapy. Following this lead, we endeavored to engineer the related insect parvovirus Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) to create addressable vectors for insect pest biocontrol. To enable safer manipulation of capsid mutants, we translocated the nonstructural (ns) gene cluster outside the viral genome. To our dismay, this yielded a virtually nonreplicable clone. We linked the replication defect to an unexpected modularity breach, as ns translocation truncated the overlapping 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the capsid transcript (vp). We found that the native vp 3' UTR is necessary for high-level VP production but that decreased expression does not adversely impact the expression of NS proteins, which are known replication effectors. As nonsense vp mutations recapitulate the replication defect, VP proteins appear to be directly implicated in the replication process. Our findings suggest intricate replication-encapsidation couplings that favor the maintenance of genetic integrity. We discuss possible connections with an intriguing cis-packaging phenomenon previously observed in parvoviruses whereby capsids preferentially package the genome from which they were expressed. IMPORTANCE Densoviruses could be used as biological control agents to manage insect pests. Such applications require an in-depth biological understanding and associated molecular tools. However, the genomes of these viruses remain difficult to manipulate due to poorly tractable secondary structures at their extremities. We devised a construction strategy that enables precise and efficient molecular modifications. Using this approach, we endeavored to create a split clone of Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) that can be used to safely study the impact of capsid mutations on host specificity. Our original construct proved to be nonfunctional. Fixing this defect led us to uncover that capsid proteins and their correct expression are essential for continued rolling-hairpin replication. This points to an intriguing link between replication and packaging, which might be shared with related viruses. This serendipitous discovery illustrates the power of synthetic biology approaches to advance our knowledge of biological systems.
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Abstract
Negeviruses are a group of insect-specific viruses (ISVs) that have been found in many arthropods. Their presence in important vector species led us to examine their interactions with arboviruses during coinfections. Wild-type negeviruses reduced the replication of several alphaviruses during coinfections in mosquito cells. Negev virus (NEGV) isolates were also used to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and anti-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) antibody fragments during coinfections with CHIKV. NEGV expressing anti-CHIKV antibody fragments was able to further reduce replication of CHIKV during coinfections, while reductions of CHIKV with NEGV expressing GFP were similar to titers with wild-type NEGV alone. These results are the first to show that negeviruses induce superinfection exclusion of arboviruses and to demonstrate a novel approach to deliver antiviral antibody fragments with paratransgenic ISVs. The ability to inhibit arbovirus replication and express exogenous proteins in mosquito cells makes negeviruses a promising platform for control of arthropod-borne pathogens. IMPORTANCE Negeviruses are a group of insect-specific viruses (ISVs), viruses known to infect only insects. They have been discovered over a wide geographical and species range. Their ability to infect mosquito species that transmit dangerous arboviruses makes negeviruses a candidate for a pathogen control platform. Coinfections of mosquito cells with a negevirus and an alphavirus demonstrated that negeviruses can inhibit the replication of alphaviruses. Additionally, modifying Negev virus (NEGV) to express a fragment of an anti-CHIKV antibody further reduced the replication of CHIKV in coinfected cells. This is the first evidence to demonstrate that negeviruses can inhibit the replication of important arboviruses in mosquito cells. The ability of a modified NEGV to drive the expression of antiviral proteins also highlights a method for negeviruses to target specific pathogens and limit the incidence of vector-borne diseases.
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Physical and Chemical Barriers in the Larval Midgut Confer Developmental Resistance to Virus Infection in Drosophila. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050894. [PMID: 34065985 PMCID: PMC8151258 DOI: 10.3390/v13050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects can become lethally infected by the oral intake of a number of insect-specific viruses. Virus infection commonly occurs in larvae, given their active feeding behaviour; however, older larvae often become resistant to oral viral infections. To investigate mechanisms that contribute to resistance throughout the larval development, we orally challenged Drosophila larvae at different stages of their development with Drosophila C virus (DCV, Dicistroviridae). Here, we showed that DCV-induced mortality is highest when infection initiates early in larval development and decreases the later in development the infection occurs. We then evaluated the peritrophic matrix as an antiviral barrier within the gut using a Crystallin-deficient fly line (Crys-/-), whose PM is weakened and becomes more permeable to DCV-sized particles as the larva ages. This phenotype correlated with increasing mortality the later in development oral challenge occurred. Lastly, we tested in vitro the infectivity of DCV after incubation at pH conditions that may occur in the midgut. DCV virions were stable in a pH range between 3.0 and 10.5, but their infectivity decreased at least 100-fold below (1.0) and above (12.0) this range. We did not observe such acidic conditions in recently hatched larvae. We hypothesise that, in Drosophila larvae, the PM is essential for containing ingested virions separated from the gut epithelium, while highly acidic conditions inactivate the majority of the virions as they transit.
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Chromosome End Diversification in Sciarid Flies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112425. [PMID: 33167604 PMCID: PMC7694509 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dipterans exhibit a remarkable diversity of chromosome end structures in contrast to the conserved system defined by telomerase and short repeats. Within dipteran families, structure of chromosome termini is usually conserved within genera. With the aim to assess whether or not the evolutionary distance between genera implies chromosome end diversification, this report exploits two representatives of Sciaridae, Rhynchosciara americana, and Trichomegalosphyspubescens. Methods: Probes and plasmid microlibraries obtained by chromosome end microdissection, in situ hybridization, cloning, and sequencing are among the methodological approaches employed in this work. Results: The data argue for the existence of either specific terminal DNA sequences for each chromosome tip in T. pubescens, or sequences common to all chromosome ends but their extension does not allow detection by in situ hybridization. Both sciarid species share terminal sequences that are significantly underrepresented in chromosome ends of T. pubescens. Conclusions: The data suggest an unusual terminal structure in T. pubescens chromosomes compared to other dipterans investigated. A putative, evolutionary process of repetitive DNA expansion that acted differentially to shape chromosome ends of the two flies is also discussed.
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Perrin A, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Rossignol M, Ginibre C, Scheid B, Lagneau C, Chandre F, Baldet T, Ogliastro M, Bouyer J. Variation in the susceptibility of urban Aedes mosquitoes infected with a densovirus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18654. [PMID: 33122748 PMCID: PMC7596516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of many viruses affecting human health such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide resistance and environmental toxicity risks hamper the effectiveness of chemical control against these mosquito vectors. Alternative control methods, such as the use of mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses should be explored. Numerous studies have focused on evaluating the potential of different densoviruses species as biological control agents. However, knowledge on the extent of inter- and intra-specific variations in the susceptibility of Aedes mosquitoes to infection by different densoviruses remains insufficient. In this study, we compared infection and mortality rates induced by the Aedes albopictus densovirus 2 in different strains of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The two Aedes species were different in terms of susceptibility to viral infection. Under laboratory conditions, Aedes albopictus densovirus 2 appeared more virulent for the different strains of Aedes aegypti tested than for those of Aedes albopictus. In addition, we also found significant intra-specific variation in infection and mortality rates. Thus, although even if Aedes albopictus densoviruses could be powerful biocontrol agents used in the management of urban Aedes populations, our results also call into question the use of single viral isolate as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Perrin
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Marie Rossignol
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Ginibre
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christophe Lagneau
- EID-med, Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du littoral méditerranéen, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jérémy Bouyer
- ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Insect Pest Control Sub-Programme, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency, Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 1400, Vienna, Austria
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16
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da Silva Ferreira R, de Toni Aquino da Cruz LC, de Souza VJ, da Silva Neves NA, de Souza VC, Filho LCF, da Silva Lemos P, de Lima CPS, Naveca FG, Atanaka M, Nunes MRT, Slhessarenko RD. Insect-specific viruses and arboviruses in adult male culicids from Midwestern Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104561. [PMID: 32961364 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Viruses were identified from male anthropophilic mosquitoes from Mato Grosso (MT) State, Midwest Brazil from February 2017 to January 2018. Mosquitoes tested included Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (1139 males; 84 pools), Culex quinquefasciatus (9426 males; 179 pools), Culex sp. (3 males; 3 pools) and Psorophora albigenu (1 male; 1 pool) collected from four cities of MT. Pools were subjected to viral RNA extraction followed by RT-PCRs specific for ten flaviviruses, five alphaviruses and Simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses. Positive pools were passaged three times in VERO cells (alphavirus and orthobunyavirus) or C6/36 cells (flavivirus), with isolates confirmed through RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. We detected pools positive for Ilhéus (1 pool), dengue serotype 4 (1), Mayaro (12), equine encephalitis virus (1) yellow fever (1), Oropouche (2), Zika (4) and chikungunya (12) viruses. High throughput sequencing of arbovirus positive pools identified 35 insect-specific viruses (ISVs) from the families Circoviridae (2), Parvoviridae (2), Totiviridae (1), Flaviviridae (1), Iflaviridae (2), Mesoniviridae (4), Nodaviridae (2), Luteoviridae (1), Phasmaviridae (1) Phenuiviridae (2), Rhabdoviridae (2), Orthomyxoviridae (1), Xinmoviridae (1), and unclassified Bunyavirales (1), unclassified Picornavirales (3), unclassified Riboviria (4) and taxon Negevirus (5). From these, five novel viruses were tentatively named Mojica circovirus, Kuia iflavirus, Muxirum negevirus, Lambada picorna-like virus and Tacuru picorna-like virus. Our findings underscore the diversity and wide geographical distribution of ISVs and arboviruses infecting male culicids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel da Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Vilma Juscineide de Souza
- Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Centro Político Administrativo, Palácio Paiaguás, Rua D, Bloco 5, 78049-902 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nilvanei Aparecido da Silva Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa de Souza
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Rua Terezina, n. 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Poliana da Silva Lemos
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316 KM 7 S/N, Levilândia, 67030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Rua Terezina, n. 476, Adrianópolis, 69057-070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marina Atanaka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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17
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Altinli M, Lequime S, Atyame C, Justy F, Weill M, Sicard M. Wolbachia modulates prevalence and viral load of Culex pipiens densoviruses in natural populations. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4000-4013. [PMID: 32854141 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of standard mosquito control strategies calls for ecologically safe novel approaches, for example the use of biological agents such as the endosymbiotic α-proteobacteria Wolbachia or insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Understanding the ecological interactions between these "biocontrol endosymbionts" is thus a fundamental step. Wolbachia are transmitted vertically from mother to offspring and modify their hosts' phenotypes, including reproduction (e.g., cytoplasmic incompatibility) and survival (e.g., viral interference). In nature, Culex pipiens (sensu lato) mosquitoes are always found infected with genetically diverse Wolbachia called wPip that belong to five phylogenetic groups. In recent years, ISVs have also been discovered in these mosquito species, although their interactions with Wolbachia in nature are unknown. Here, we studied the interactions between a widely prevalent ISV, the Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV, Densovirinae), and Wolbachia in northern Tunisian C. pipiens populations. We showed an influence of different Wolbachia groups on CpDV prevalence and a general positive correlation between Wolbachia and CpDV loads. By investigating the putative relationship between CpDV diversification and wPip groups in the different sites, we detected a signal linked to wPip groups in CpDV phylogeny in sites where all larvae were infected by the same wPip group. However, no such signal was detected where the wPip groups coexisted, suggesting CpDV horizontal transfer between hosts. Overall, our results provide good evidence for an ecological influence of Wolbachia on an ISV, CpDV, in natural populations and highlight the importance of integrating Wolbachia in our understanding of ISV ecology in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Celestine Atyame
- Ile de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Fabienne Justy
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mylene Weill
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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18
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Modelling the control of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes based on sterile males release techniques in a tropical environment. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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A Highly Prevalent and Pervasive Densovirus Discovered among Sea Stars from the North American Atlantic Coast. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02723-19. [PMID: 31924612 PMCID: PMC7054102 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02723-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea star wasting syndrome is a disease primarily observed on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of North America that has significantly impacted sea star populations. The etiology of this disease is unknown, although it is hypothesized to be caused by a densovirus, SSaDV. However, previous studies have not found a correlation between SSaDV and sea star wasting syndrome on the North American Atlantic Coast. This study suggests that this observation may be explained by the presence of a genetically similar densovirus, AfaDV, that may have confounded previous studies. SSaDV was not present in sea stars screened in this study, and instead, AfaDV was commonly found in sea star populations across the New England region, with no apparent signs of disease. These results suggest that sea star densoviruses may be common constituents of the animals’ microbiome, and the diversity and extent of these viruses among wild populations may be greater than previously recognized. The etiology of sea star wasting syndrome is hypothesized to be caused by a densovirus, sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), that has previously been reported on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of the United States. In this study, we reevaluated the presence of SSaDV among sea stars from the North American Atlantic Coast and in doing so discovered a novel densovirus that we have named Asterias forbesi-associated densovirus (AfaDV), which shares 78% nucleotide pairwise identity with SSaDV. In contrast to previous studies, SSaDV was not detected in sea stars from the North American Atlantic Coast. Using a variety of PCR-based techniques, we investigated the tissue tropism, host specificity, and prevalence of AfaDV among populations of sea stars at five locations along the Atlantic Coast. AfaDV was detected in three sea star species (Asterias forbesi, Asterias rubens, and Henricia sp.) found in this region and was highly prevalent (>80% of individuals tested; n = 134), among sampled populations. AfaDV was detected in the body wall, gonads, and pyloric caeca (digestive gland) of specimens but was not detected in their coelomic fluid. A significant difference in viral load (copies mg−1) was found between tissue types, with the pyloric caeca having the highest viral loads. Further investigation of Asterias forbesi gonad tissue found germ line cells (oocytes) to be virus positive, suggesting a potential route of vertical transmission. Taken together, these observations show that the presence of AfaDV is not an indicator of sea star wasting syndrome because AfaDV is a common constituent of these animals’ microbiome, regardless of health. IMPORTANCE Sea star wasting syndrome is a disease primarily observed on the Pacific and Atlantic Coasts of North America that has significantly impacted sea star populations. The etiology of this disease is unknown, although it is hypothesized to be caused by a densovirus, SSaDV. However, previous studies have not found a correlation between SSaDV and sea star wasting syndrome on the North American Atlantic Coast. This study suggests that this observation may be explained by the presence of a genetically similar densovirus, AfaDV, that may have confounded previous studies. SSaDV was not present in sea stars screened in this study, and instead, AfaDV was commonly found in sea star populations across the New England region, with no apparent signs of disease. These results suggest that sea star densoviruses may be common constituents of the animals’ microbiome, and the diversity and extent of these viruses among wild populations may be greater than previously recognized.
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20
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Nigg JC, Falk BW. Diaphorina citri densovirus is a persistently infecting virus with a hybrid genome organization and unique transcription strategy. J Gen Virol 2019; 101:226-239. [PMID: 31855134 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphorina citri densovirus (DcDV) is an ambisense densovirus with a 5071 nt genome. Phylogenetic analysis places DcDV in an intermediate position between those in the Ambidensovirus and Iteradensovirus genera, a finding that is consistent with the observation that DcDV possesses an Iteradensoviris-like non-structural (NS) protein-gene cassette, but a capsid-protein (VP) gene cassette resembling those of other ambisense densoviruses. DcDV is maternally transmitted to 100 % of the progeny of infected female Diaphorina citri, and the progeny of infected females carry DcDV as a persistent infection without outward phenotypic effects. We were unable to infect naïve individuals by oral inoculation, however low levels of transient viral replication are detected following intrathoracic injection of DcDV virions into uninfected D. citri insects. Transcript mapping indicates that DcDV produces one transcript each from the NS and VP gene cassettes and that these transcripts are polyadenylated at internal sites to produce a ~2.2 kb transcript encoding the NS proteins and a ~2.4 kb transcript encoding the VP proteins. Additionally, we found that transcriptional readthrough leads to the production of longer non-canonical transcripts from both genomic strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Nigg
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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21
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Altinli M, Lequime S, Courcelle M, François S, Justy F, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Ogliastro M, Weill M, Sicard M. Evolution and phylogeography of Culex pipiens densovirus. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez053. [PMID: 31807318 PMCID: PMC6884738 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses of the Parvoviridae family infect a wide range of animals including vertebrates and invertebrates. So far, our understanding of parvovirus diversity is biased towards medically or economically important viruses mainly infecting vertebrate hosts, while invertebrate infecting parvoviruses—namely densoviruses—have been largely neglected. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the evolution of the only mosquito-infecting ambidensovirus, Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV), from laboratory mosquito lines and natural populations collected worldwide. CpDV diversity generally grouped in two clades, here named CpDV-1 and -2. The incongruence of the different gene trees for some samples suggested the possibility of recombination events between strains from different clades. We further investigated the role of selection on the evolution of CpDV genome and detected many individual sites under purifying selection both in non-structural and structural genes. However, some sites in structural genes were under diversifying selection, especially during the divergence of CpDV-1 and -2 clades. These substitutions between CpDV-1 and -2 clades were mostly located in the capsid protein encoding region and might cause changes in host specificity or pathogenicity of CpDV strains from the two clades. However, additional functional and experimental studies are necessary to fully understand the protein conformations and the resulting phenotype of these substitutions between clades of CpDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime Courcelle
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah François
- DGIMI, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabienne Justy
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Mylene Weill
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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22
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Hameed M, Liu K, Anwar MN, Wahaab A, Li C, Di D, Wang X, Khan S, Xu J, Li B, Nawaz M, Shao D, Qiu Y, Wei J, Ma Z. A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:328-343. [PMID: 31512812 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes harbour a diversity of viruses and are responsible for several mosquito-borne viral diseases of humans and animals, thereby leading to major public health concerns, and significant economic losses across the globe. Viral metagenomics offers a great opportunity for bulk analysis of viral genomes retrieved directly from environmental samples. In this study, we performed a viral metagenomic analysis of five pools of mosquitoes belonging to Aedes, Anopheles and Culex species, collected from different pig farms in the vicinity of Shanghai, China, to explore the viral community carried by mosquitoes. The resulting metagenomic data revealed that viral community in the mosquitoes was highly diverse and varied in abundance among pig farms, which comprised of more than 48 viral taxonomic families, specific to vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, bacteria and protozoa. In addition, a considerable number of viral reads were related to viruses that are not classified by host. The read sequences related to animal viruses included parvoviruses, anelloviruses, circoviruses, flavivirus, rhabdovirus and seadornaviruses, which might be taken up by mosquitoes from viremic animal hosts during blood feeding. Notably, sample G1 contained the most abundant sequence related to Banna virus, which is of public health interest because it causes encephalitis in humans. Furthermore, non-classified viruses also shared considerable virus sequences in all the samples, presumably belonging to unexplored virus category. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive knowledge of diverse viral populations carried by mosquitoes at pig farms, which is a potential source of diseases for mammals including humans and animals. These viral metagenomic data are valuable for assessment of emerging and re-emerging viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Abdul Wahaab
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Di Di
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sawar Khan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, PR China
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Li J, Dong Y, Sun Y, Lai Z, Zhao Y, Liu P, Gao Y, Chen X, Gu J. A Novel Densovirus Isolated From the Asian Tiger Mosquito Displays Varied Pathogenicity Depending on Its Host Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1549. [PMID: 31333635 PMCID: PMC6624781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVDs) continue to pose a significant global public health burden. Mosquito control remains a core intervention strategy in integrated mosquito management (IMM) programs to reduce the transmission of MBVDs. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses, and their attractive biological and pathogenic characteristics make MDVs potential biological control agents as alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. However, different viral strains vary greatly in their pathogenicity against different mosquito species, which poses an obstacle for the wide application of MDVs in vector control. In this study, a novel MDV, Aedes albopictus densovirus-7 (AalDV-7), was isolated from field-collected Aedes albopictus in the dengue-endemic area of Guangzhou, China. The complete 4,048 nt genome of AalDV-7 was cloned and sequenced, and the transcription and translation of three open reading frames (ORFs) were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AalDV-7 clustered with MDVs mostly isolated from indigenous mosquitoes. The pathogenicity of AalDV-7 to A. albopictus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was completely different, and the median lethal dose (LD50) of AalDV-7 in A. albopictus which was 109.48 genome equivalents per ml (geq/ml) was 12 and 46 times lower than those in A. aegypti (1010.56 geq/ml) and C. quinquefasciatus (1011.15 geq/ml). Furthermore, the median lethal time (LT50) value in A. albopictus (7.72 days) was 25% and 26% shorter than those in A. aegypti (10.24 days) and C. quinquefasciatus (10.42 days) at a titer of 1011 geq/ml. Furthermore, the mortality of AalDV-7-infected mosquitoes increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the highest mortality was found in A. albopictus larvae exposed to 1011 geq/ml AalDV-7 (82.00%). Sublethal effects analysis also showed that AalDV-7 infection significantly decreased pupation and emergence rates. The 1st–2nd instar larvae of all three mosquito species showed a near 100% infection rate, and the highest relative vial titer (305.97 ± 67.57 geq/ng) was observed in the 1st–2nd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. These pathogenic characteristics make AalDV-7 a potential MBVDs control agent in China, whereas its negligible pathogenicity and high infection rate and viral dose in vivo make it a good candidate for gene delivery vectors in C. quinquefasciatus gene function analysis. In conclusion, the continuous discovery and isolation of new MDVs enrich the pool of mosquito entomopathogenic viruses and provide a variety of choices for optimal MDVs or combinations of MDVs to target certain mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqiao Dong
- Reproductive Medical Centre of Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Y, Dong Y, Li J, Lai Z, Hao Y, Liu P, Chen X, Gu J. Development of large-scale mosquito densovirus production by in vivo methods. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:255. [PMID: 31118088 PMCID: PMC6532183 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) cause a significant proportion of the global infectious disease burden. Vector control remains the primary strategy available to reduce the transmission of MBDs. However, long-term, wide-scale and large-scale traditional chemical pesticide application has caused significant and increased negative effects on ecosystems and broader emerging insecticide resistance in vectors; therefore, the development of a novel alternative approach is urgently needed. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are entomopathogenic viruses that exhibit a narrow host range and multiple transmission patterns, making MDVs a great potential bioinsecticide. However, the application process has been relatively stagnant over the past three decades. The major obstacle has been that viruses must be produced in mosquito cell lines; therefore, the production process is both expensive and time-consuming. METHODS In our study, two wild-type (wt) MDVs, AaeDV and AalDV-3, and a recombinant rAaeDV-210 were used to infect the Aag2 and C6/36 mosquito cell lines and the 1st-2nd-instar and 3rd-4th-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Viral titers and yields in cells, media, larvae and rearing water and total viral yield were evaluated. Three kinds of virus displayed higher maximum virus titers in vivo than in vitro, and they displayed higher maximum viral yields in rearing water. RESULTS The three viruses displayed higher total maximum viral yields in C6/36 cells than in Aag2 cells. The three viruses displayed higher total maximum viral yields in Aedes mosquitoes than in Culex mosquitoes. Higher viral yields were produced by 1st-2nd-instar larvae compared to 3rd-4th-instar larvae. The recombinant viruses did not display significantly lower yields than wt viruses in nearly all samples. In summary, by using 100 1st-2nd-instar Aedes mosquito larvae in 200 ml of rearing water, more than 1013 genome equivalents (geq) MDV yield can be obtained. CONCLUSIONS Considering the lower production cost, this in vivo method has great potential for the large-scale production of MDVs. MDVs exhibit promising prospects and great potential for mosquito control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqiao Dong
- Reproductive Medical Centre of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zetian Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqiang Hao
- Reproductive Medical Centre of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Seixas G, Paul REL, Pires B, Alves G, de Jesus A, Silva AC, Devine GJ, Sousa CA. An evaluation of efficacy of the auto-dissemination technique as a tool for Aedes aegypti control in Madeira, Portugal. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:202. [PMID: 31053095 PMCID: PMC6499953 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The frequency and intensity of arboviral epidemics is steadily increasing and posing an intractable public health burden. Current vector control methods are proving ineffectual and despite progress in the development of high technology approaches, there is an urgent need for the development of tools for immediate implementation. Several studies suggest that the auto-dissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF) is a promising new approach to larviciding although there is little detail on the conditions under which it is optimally effective. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of the approach in urban and rural sites in Madeira, Portugal. Results Auto-dissemination of PPF through adapted Biogents Sentinel traps (BGSTs) resulted in a modest but consistent impact on both juvenile and adult mosquito populations, but with considerable spatial heterogeneity. This heterogeneity was related to the distance from the BGST dissemination station as well as the local density of adult mosquitoes. There was evidence that the impact of PPF was cumulative over time both locally and with gradual spatial expansion. Conclusions The density of adult mosquitoes and the spatial distribution of dissemination devices are key factors in mediating efficacy. In addition, urban topography may affect the efficiency of auto-dissemination by impeding adult mosquito dispersal. Further studies in a range of urban landscapes are necessary to guide optimal strategies for the implementation of this potentially efficacious and cost-effective approach to larviciding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Seixas
- UEI Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Richard E L Paul
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé UMR 2000, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Bianca Pires
- UEI Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Alves
- UEI Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana de Jesus
- UEI Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana-Clara Silva
- Unidade de Engenharia Sanitária, Departamento de Promoção e Proteção da Saúde, Instituto de Administração da Saúde e Assuntos Sociais, IP-RAM, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Carla A Sousa
- UEI Parasitologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.
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26
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Cataneo AHD, Kuczera D, Mosimann ALP, Silva EG, Ferreira ÁGA, Marques JT, Wowk PF, Santos CNDD, Bordignon J. Detection and clearance of a mosquito densovirus contaminant from laboratory stocks of Zika virus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180432. [PMID: 30758394 PMCID: PMC6369503 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemics that affected South America in 2016 raised several research questions and prompted an increase in studies in the field. The transient and low viraemia observed in the course of ZIKV infection is a challenge for viral isolation from patient serum, which leads to many laboratories around the world sharing viral strains for their studies. C6/36 cells derived from Aedes albopictus larvae are commonly used for arbovirus isolation from clinical samples and for the preparation of viral stocks. OBJECTIVES Here, we report the contamination of two widely used ZIKV strains by Brevidensovirus, here designated as mosquito densovirus (MDV). METHODS Molecular and immunological techniques were used to analyse the MDV contamination of ZIKV stocks. Also, virus passages in mammalian cell line and infecting susceptible mice were used to MDV clearance from ZIKV stocks. FINDINGS MDV contamination was confirmed by molecular and immunological techniques and likely originated from C6/36 cultures commonly used to grow viral stocks. We applied two protocols that successfully eliminated MDV contamination from ZIKV stocks, and these protocols can be widely applied in the field. As MDV does not infect vertebrate cells, we performed serial passages of contaminated stocks using a mammalian cell line and infecting susceptible mice prior to re-isolating ZIKV from the animals’ blood serum. MDV elimination was confirmed with immunostaining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analysis of the mosquitoes that were allowed to feed on the infected mice. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Since the putative impact of viral contaminants in ZIKV strains generally used for research purposes is unknown, researchers working in the field must be aware of potential contaminants and test viral stocks to certify sample purity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Kuczera
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Emanuele Guimarães Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Álvaro Gil Araújo Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Juliano Bordignon
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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27
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Qiu Y, Abe T, Nakao R, Satoh K, Sugimoto C. Viral population analysis of the taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus, by using Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps and BLAST search. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:401-410. [PMID: 30674747 PMCID: PMC6451905 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit a wide range of viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens, which are often zoonotic. Several novel tick-borne viral pathogens have been reported during the past few years.
The aim of this study was to investigate a diversity of tick viral populations, which may contain as-yet unidentified viruses, using a combination of high throughput pyrosequencing and Batch
Learning Self-Organizing Map (BLSOM) program, which enables phylogenetic estimation based on the similarity of oligonucleotide frequencies. DNA/cDNA prepared from virus-enriched fractions
obtained from Ixodes persulcatus ticks was pyrosequenced. After de novo assembly, contigs were cataloged by the BLSOM program. In total 41 different viral
families and order including those previously associated with human and animal diseases such as Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, and Reoviridae,
were detected. Therefore, our strategy is applicable for viral population analysis of other arthropods of medical and veterinary importance, such as mosquitos and lice. The results lead to
the contribution to the prediction of emerging tick-borne viral diseases. A sufficient understanding of tick viral populations will also empower to analyze and understand tick biology
including vector competency and interactions with other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Qiu
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, 10101 Zambia
| | - Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2 no-cho 8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818 Japan
| | - Kenro Satoh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi 2 no-cho 8050, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan.,Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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28
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Altinli M, Soms J, Ravallec M, Justy F, Bonneau M, Weill M, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Sicard M. Sharing cells with Wolbachia: the transovarian vertical transmission of Culex pipiens densovirus. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:3284-3298. [PMID: 30585387 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV), a single stranded DNA virus, has been isolated from Culex pipiens mosquitoes but differs from other mosquito densoviruses in terms of genome structure and sequence identity. Its transmission from host to host, the nature of its interactions with both its host and host's endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia are not known. Here, we report the presence of CpDV in the ovaries and eggs of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes in close encounters with Wolbachia. In the ovaries, CpDV amount significantly differed between mosquito lines harbouring different strains of Wolbachia and these differences were not linked to variations in Wolbachia densities. CpDV was vertically transmitted in all laboratory lines to 17%-20% of the offspring. For some females, however, the vertical transmission reached 90%. Antibiotic treatment that cured the host from Wolbachia significantly decreased both CpDV quantity and vertical transmission suggesting an impact of host microbiota, including Wolbachia, on CpDV transmission. Overall our results show that CpDV is transmitted vertically via transovarian path along with Wolbachia with which it shares the same cells. Our results are primordial to understand the dynamics of densovirus infection, their persistence and spread in populations considering their potential use in the regulation of mosquito vector populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Soms
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Ravallec
- DGIMI, University of Montpellier, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabienne Justy
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Manon Bonneau
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mylene Weill
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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29
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Parry R, Bishop C, De Hayr L, Asgari S. Density-dependent enhanced replication of a densovirus in Wolbachia-infected Aedes cells is associated with production of piRNAs and higher virus-derived siRNAs. Virology 2018; 528:89-100. [PMID: 30583288 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis has been shown to restrict a range of RNA viruses in Drosophila melanogaster and transinfected dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Here, we show that Wolbachia infection enhances replication of Aedes albopictus densovirus (AalDNV-1), a single stranded DNA virus, in Aedes cell lines in a density-dependent manner. Analysis of previously produced small RNAs of Aag2 cells showed that Wolbachia-infected cells produced greater absolute abundance of virus-derived short interfering RNAs compared to uninfected cells. Additionally, we found production of virus-derived PIWI-like RNAs (vpiRNA) produced in response to AalDNV-1 infection. Nuclear fractions of Aag2 cells produced a primary vpiRNA signature U1 bias whereas the typical "ping-pong" signature (U1 - A10) was evident in vpiRNAs from the cytoplasmic fractions. This is the first report of the density-dependent enhancement of DNA viruses by Wolbachia. Further, we report the generation of vpiRNAs in a DNA virus-host interaction for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Parry
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan De Hayr
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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30
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Johnson RM, Rasgon JL. Densonucleosis viruses ('densoviruses') for mosquito and pathogen control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 28:90-97. [PMID: 30551773 PMCID: PMC7968729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito specific viruses such as densonucleosis viruses ('densoviruses') have long been suggested as alternative mosquito control agents in the face of increasing insecticide resistance. Densoviruses are very species-specific and have been found to infect many important mosquito species. While some strains are highly pathogenic, other strains are more benign. Densoviruses have been proposed as a way to reduce mosquito populations through pathogenic interactions, but genetic strategies such as viral paratrangenesis offer new approaches. As small single-stranded DNA viruses, densoviruses can be easily genetically modified for the expression of genes or non-coding RNAs. A growing literature and variety of techniques have shown the potential for the use of densoviruses in the control of mosquitoes or mosquito-borne pathogens as well as the usefulness of densoviruses as molecular tools for understanding mosquito biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Johnson
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 United States of America
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31
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A single amino acid substitution in the Bombyx-specific mucin-like membrane protein causes resistance to Bombyx mori densovirus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7430. [PMID: 29743532 PMCID: PMC5943349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori densovirus type 1 (BmDV) is a pathogen that causes flacherie disease in the silkworm. The absolute nonsusceptibility to BmDV among certain silkworm strains is determined independently by two genes, nsd-1 and Nid-1. However, neither of these genes has been molecularly identified to date. Here, we isolated the nsd-1 gene by positional cloning and characterized the properties of its product, NSD-1. Sequence and biochemical analyses revealed that this gene encodes a Bombyx-specific mucin-like glycoprotein with a single transmembrane domain. The NSD-1 protein was specifically expressed in the larval midgut epithelium, the known infection site of BmDV. Sequence analysis of the nsd-1 gene from 13 resistant and 12 susceptible strains suggested that a specific arginine residue in the extracellular tail of the NSD-1 protein was common among susceptible strains. Germline transformation of the susceptible-type nsd-1 (with a single nucleotide substitution) conferred partial susceptibility to resistant larvae, indicating that the + nsd-1 gene is required for the susceptibility of B. mori larvae to BmDV and the susceptibility is solely a result of the substitution of a single amino acid with arginine. Taken together, our results provide striking evidence that a novel membrane-bound mucin-like protein functions as a cell-surface receptor for a densovirus.
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32
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Bouyer J, Chandre F, Gilles J, Baldet T. Alternative vector control methods to manage the Zika virus outbreak: more haste, less speed. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 4:e364. [PMID: 27198837 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(16)00082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bouyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), 34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs: écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémie Gilles
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Baldet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), 34398 Montpellier, France
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33
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Liu PW, Xu JB, Dong YQ, Chen XG, Gu JB. Use of a Recombinant Mosquito Densovirus As a Gene Delivery Vector for the Functional Analysis of Genes in Mosquito Larvae. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29053694 DOI: 10.3791/56121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo microinjection is the most commonly used gene transfer technique for analyzing the gene functions in individual mosquitoes. However, this method requires a more technically demanding operation and involves complicated procedures, especially when used in larvae due to their small size, relatively thin and fragile cuticle, and high mortality, which limit its application. In contrast, viral vectors for gene delivery have been developed to surmount extracellular and intracellular barriers. These systems have the advantages of easy manipulation, high gene transduction efficiency, long-term maintenance of gene expression, and the ability to produce persistent effects in vivo. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are mosquito-specific, small single-stranded DNA viruses that can effectively deliver foreign nucleic acids into mosquito cells; however, the replacement or insertion of foreign genes to create recombinant viruses typically causes a loss of packaging and/or replication abilities, which is a barrier to the development of these viruses as delivery vectors. Herein, we report using an artificial intronic small-RNA expression strategy to develop a non-defective recombinant Aedes aegypti densovirus (AaeDV) in vivo delivery system. Detailed procedures for the construction, packaging and quantitative analysis of the rAaeDV vectors, and for larval infection are described. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of developing a non-defective recombinant MDV micro RNA (miRNA) expression system, and thus providing a powerful tool for the functional analysis of genes in mosquito and establishing a basis for the application of viral paratransgenesis for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. We demonstrated that Aedes albopictus 1st instar larvae could be easily and effectively infected by introducing the virus into the water body of the larvae breeding site and that the developed rAaeDVs could be used to overexpress or knock down the expression of a specific target gene in larvae, providing a tool for the functional analysis of mosquito genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Jia-Bao Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Yun-Qiao Dong
- Reproductive Medical Centre of Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University
| | - Jin-Bao Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University;
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Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of viruses that infect and cause disease in man, livestock, and companion animals. The major focus of investigation of tick-borne viruses has been the interaction with the mammalian host, particularly the mechanisms underlying disease and the development of vaccines to prevent infection. Only recently has research begun to investigate the interaction of the virus with the tick host. This is striking when considering that the virus spends far more time infecting the tick vector relative to the vertebrate host. The assumption has been that the tick host and virus have evolved to reach an equilibrium whereby virus infection does not impede the tick life cycle and conversely, the tick does not restrict virus replication and through blood-feeding on vertebrates, disseminates the virus. The development and application of new technologies to tick-pathogen interactions has been fuelled by a number of developments in recent years. This includes the release of the first draft of a tick genome, that of Ixodes scapularis, and the availability of tick-cell lines as convenient models to investigate interactions. One of the by-products of these investigations has been the observation of familiar proteins in new situations. One such protein family is Toll and Toll-like receptors that in vertebrates play a key role in detection of microorganisms, including viruses. But does Toll signaling play a similar role in detection of virus infection in ticks, and if it does, how does this affect the maintenance of viruses within the tick?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Johnson
- Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of SurreyGuildford, United Kingdom
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Kolliopoulou A, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, Swevers L. Viral Delivery of dsRNA for Control of Insect Agricultural Pests and Vectors of Human Disease: Prospects and Challenges. Front Physiol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28659820 PMCID: PMC5469917 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi is applied as a new and safe method for pest control in agriculture but efficiency and specificity of delivery of dsRNA trigger remains a critical issue. Various agents have been proposed to augment dsRNA delivery, such as engineered micro-organisms and synthetic nanoparticles, but the use of viruses has received relatively little attention. Here we present a critical view of the potential of the use of recombinant viruses for efficient and specific delivery of dsRNA. First of all, it requires the availability of plasmid-based reverse genetics systems for virus production, of which an overview is presented. For RNA viruses, their application seems to be straightforward since dsRNA is produced as an intermediate molecule during viral replication, but DNA viruses also have potential through the production of RNA hairpins after transcription. However, application of recombinant virus for dsRNA delivery may not be straightforward in many cases, since viruses can encode RNAi suppressors, and virus-induced silencing effects can be determined by the properties of the encoded RNAi suppressor. An alternative is virus-like particles that retain the efficiency and specificity determinants of natural virions but have encapsidated non-replicating RNA. Finally, the use of viruses raises important safety issues which need to be addressed before application can proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolliopoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Clauvis N. T. Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Barik TK, Suzuki Y, Rasgon JL. Factors influencing infection and transmission of Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) in mosquitoes. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2691. [PMID: 27867767 PMCID: PMC5111888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) is a potential microbial agent for paratransgenesis and gene transduction in An. gambiae, the major vector of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the interaction between AgDNV and An. gambiae is critical for using AgDNV in a basic and applied manner for Anopheles gene manipulation. Here, we tested the effects of mosquito age, sex, blood feeding status, and potential for horizontal transmission using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter AgDNV system. Neither mosquito age at infection nor feeding regime affected viral titers. Female mosquitoes were more permissive to viral infection than males. Despite low viral titers, infected males were able to venereally transmit virus to females during mating, where the virus was localized with the transferred sperm in the spermathecae. These findings will be useful for designing AgDNV-based strategies to manipulate Anopheles gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Barik
- Applied Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, India.,Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Virology, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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37
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Phan TG, Messacar K, Dominguez SR, da Costa AC, Deng X, Delwart E. A new densovirus in cerebrospinal fluid from a case of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3231-5. [PMID: 27522586 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the genome of a densovirus, tentatively called human CSF-associated densovirus 1 (HuCSFDV1), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a human case of encephalitis with antibodies against the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor. The presence of the viral genome in CSF was independently confirmed. This virus, which is proposed to be a member of a new species in the genus Iteradensovirus of the subfamily Densovirinae, showed the typical two ORFs encoding nonstructural and structural proteins with low-level identities of 22 and 16 % to the closest known densovirus relative. No other eukaryotic viral sequences were detected using deep sequencing. The replication and pathogenicity in humans of this virus, which belongs to a viral subfamily whose members are only known to replicate in invertebrates, remain to be demonstrated. Alternative explanations for the detection of densovirus DNA in CSF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Kevin Messacar
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel R Dominguez
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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Furihata S, Matsumura T, Hirata M, Mizutani T, Nagata N, Kataoka M, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Matsumoto H, Hayakawa Y. Characterization of Venom and Oviduct Components of Parasitoid Wasp Asobara japonica. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160210. [PMID: 27467595 PMCID: PMC4965004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During natural parasitization, Asobara japonica wasps introduce lateral oviduct (LO) components into their Drosophila hosts soon after the venom injection to neutralize its strong toxicity; otherwise, the host will die. Although the orchestrated relationship between the venom and LO components necessary for successful parasitism has attracted the attention of many researchers in this field, the molecular natures of both factors remain ambiguous. We here showed that precipitation of the venom components by ultracentrifugation yielded a toxic fraction that was inactivated by ultraviolet light irradiation, boiling, and sonication, suggesting that it is a virus-like entity. Morphological observation of the precipitate after ultracentrifugation showed small spherical heterogeneous virus-like particles 20-40 nm in diameter. The venom's detrimental effect on D. melanogaster larvae was not directly neutralized by the LO components but blocked by a hemolymphal neutralizing factor activated by the LO factor. Furthermore, we found that A. japonica venom and LO components acted similarly on the larvae of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura: the venom injection caused mortality but coinjection of the LO factor protected S. litura larvae from the venom's toxicity. In contrast, D. ficusphila and D. bipectinata, which are closely related to D. melanogaster but non-habitual host species of A. japonica, were not negatively affected by A. japonica venom due to an intrinsic neutralizing activity in their hemolymph, indicating that these species must have acquired a neutralizer of A. japonica venom during evolution. These results give new insights into the characteristics of both the venom and LO components: A. japonica females have utilized the virus-like toxic venom factor to exploit a wider range of host species after the evolutionary process enabled them to use the LO factor for activation of the host hemolymph neutralizer precursor, although the non-habitual host Drosophila species possess an active intrinsic neutralizer in their hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Furihata
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumura
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Makiko Hirata
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 280–0011, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 280–0011, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183–8509, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Apaire-Marchais V, Ogliastro M, Chandre F, Pennetier C, Raymond V, Lapied B. Virus and calcium: an unexpected tandem to optimize insecticide efficacy. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:168-178. [PMID: 26743399 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effective control of insect pests is based on the rational use of the most efficient and safe insecticide treatments. To increase the effects of classical insecticides and to avoid the ability of certain pest insects to develop resistance, it is essential to propose novel strategies. Previous studies have shown that calcium-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is now considered as a new cellular mechanism for increasing the target sensitivity to insecticides. Because it is known that virus entry is correlated with intracellular calcium concentration rise, this report attempts to present the most important data relevant to the feasibility of combining an insect virus such as baculovirus or densovirus with an insecticide. In this case, the insect virus is not used as a bioinsecticide but acts as a synergistic agent able to trigger calcium rise and to activate calcium-dependent intracellular signalling pathways involved in the increase of the membrane receptors and/or ion channels sensitivity to insecticides. This virus-insecticide mixture represents a promising alternative to optimize the efficacy of insecticides against insect pests while reducing the doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Apaire-Marchais
- Laboratoire RCIM, UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Mylène Ogliastro
- DGIMI UMR 1333 INRA UM2, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc101, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224, CNRS 5290, UM), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Pennetier
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224, CNRS 5290, UM), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Raymond
- Laboratoire RCIM, UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire RCIM, UPRES EA 2647/USC INRA 1330, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
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Clavijo G, van Munster M, Monsion B, Bochet N, Brault V. Transcription of densovirus endogenous sequences in the Myzus persicae genome. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1000-1009. [PMID: 26758080 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of non-retroviral sequences in the genome of different organisms has been observed and, in some cases, a relationship of these integrations with immunity has been established. The genome of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (clone G006), was screened for densovirus-like sequence (DLS) integrations. A total of 21 DLSs localized on 10 scaffolds were retrieved that mostly shared sequence identity with two aphid-infecting viruses, Myzus persicae densovirus (MpDNV) and Dysaphis plantaginea densovirus (DplDNV). In some cases, uninterrupted potential ORFs corresponding to non-structural viral proteins or capsid proteins were found within DLSs identified in the aphid genome. In particular, one scaffold harboured a complete virus-like genome, while another scaffold contained two virus-like genomes in reverse orientation. Remarkably, transcription of some of these ORFs was observed in M. persicae, suggesting a biological effect of these viral integrations. In contrast to most of the other densoviruses identified so far that induce acute host infection, it has been reported previously that MpDNV has only a minor effect on M. persicae fitness, while DplDNV can even have a beneficial effect on its aphid host. This suggests that DLS integration in the M. persicae genome may be responsible for the latency of MpDNV infection in the aphid host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Clavijo
- UMR 1131 SVQV INRA-UDS, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| | - Manuella van Munster
- UMR 385 BGPI, INRA-CIRAD-SupAgro, CIRAD TA-A54/K, CampusInternational de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR 1131 SVQV INRA-UDS, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| | - Nicole Bochet
- UMR 1131 SVQV INRA-UDS, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Brault
- UMR 1131 SVQV INRA-UDS, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
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41
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Kawakami K, Kurnia YW, Fujita R, Ito T, Isawa H, Asano SI, Binh ND, Bando H. Characterization of a novel negevirus isolated from Aedes larvae collected in a subarctic region of Japan. Arch Virol 2015; 161:801-9. [PMID: 26687585 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized a novel positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from Aedes larvae collected on Okushiri Island, Hokkaido, Japan. This virus, designated Okushiri virus (OKV), replicated in the Aedes albopictus cell line C6/36 with severe cytopathic effects and produced a large number of spherical viral particles that were 50-70 nm in diameter and released into the cell culture medium. The OKV genome consisted of 9,704 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail at the 3'-terminus, and contained three major open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3). ORF1 encoded a putative protein of approximately 268 kDa that included a methyltransferase domain, FtsJ-like methyltransferase domain, helicase domain, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain. The genome organization and results of a phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence indicated that OKV is a member of a new insect virus group of negeviruses with a possible evolutionary relationship to some plant viruses. ORF2 and ORF3 were suggested to encode hypothetical membrane-associated proteins of approximately 45 kDa and 22 kDa, respectively. This is the first study on a novel negevirus isolated from mosquito larvae in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kawakami
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yudistira Wahyu Kurnia
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Electron microscope Laboratory, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Asano
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ngo Dinh Binh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hisanori Bando
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Entomology, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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42
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Nouri S, Salem N, Nigg JC, Falk BW. Diverse Array of New Viral Sequences Identified in Worldwide Populations of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri) Using Viral Metagenomics. J Virol 2015; 90:2434-45. [PMID: 26676774 PMCID: PMC4810699 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02793-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the natural vector of the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening disease. Together; HLB and D. citri represent a major threat to world citrus production. As there is no cure for HLB, insect vector management is considered one strategy to help control the disease, and D. citri viruses might be useful. In this study, we used a metagenomic approach to analyze viral sequences associated with the global population of D. citri. By sequencing small RNAs and the transcriptome coupled with bioinformatics analysis, we showed that the virus-like sequences of D. citri are diverse. We identified novel viral sequences belonging to the picornavirus superfamily, the Reoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Bunyaviridae families, and an unclassified positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Moreover, a Wolbachia prophage-related sequence was identified. This is the first comprehensive survey to assess the viral community from worldwide populations of an agricultural insect pest. Our results provide valuable information on new putative viruses, some of which may have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents. IMPORTANCE Insects have the most species of all animals, and are hosts to, and vectors of, a great variety of known and unknown viruses. Some of these most likely have the potential to be important fundamental and/or practical resources. In this study, we used high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics analysis to identify putative viruses associated with Diaphorina citri, the Asian citrus psyllid. D. citri is the vector of the bacterium causing Huanglongbing (HLB), currently the most serious threat to citrus worldwide. Here, we report several novel viral sequences associated with D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahideh Nouri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nidá Salem
- Department of Plant Protection, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jared C Nigg
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Suzuki Y, Barik TK, Johnson RM, Rasgon JL. In vitro and in vivo host range of Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV). Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26220140 PMCID: PMC4518260 DOI: 10.1038/srep12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AgDNV is a powerful gene transduction tool and potential biological control agent for Anopheles mosquitoes. Using a GFP reporter virus system, we investigated AgDNV host range specificity in four arthropod cell lines (derived from An. gambiae, Aedes albopictus and Drosophila melanogaster) and six mosquito species from 3 genera (An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. stephensi, Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Culex tarsalis). In vitro, efficient viral invasion, replication and GFP expression was only observed in MOS55 An. gambiae cells. In vivo, high levels of GFP were observed in An. gambiae mosquitoes. Intermediate levels of GFP were observed in the closely related species An. arabiensis. Low levels of GFP were observed in An. stephensi, Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Cx. tarsalis. These results suggest that AgDNV is a specific gene transduction tool for members of the An. gambiae species complex, and could be potentially developed into a biocontrol agent with minimal off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Tapan K Barik
- 1] Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America [2] Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Rebecca M Johnson
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
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Maleki-Ravasan N, Oshaghi MA, Afshar D, Arandian MH, Hajikhani S, Akhavan AA, Yakhchali B, Shirazi MH, Rassi Y, Jafari R, Aminian K, Fazeli-Varzaneh RA, Durvasula R. Aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) focus. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:63. [PMID: 25630498 PMCID: PMC4329651 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of Leishmania transmission by sand flies. METHODS Biotic and abiotic bacterial communities of four compartments of a hyper-endemic focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) were investigated using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. These compartments include Phlebotomus papatasi's gut, skin and intestinal tract of great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, the gerbil nest supplies, and plant food sources of the vectors and reservoirs. RESULTS Sequence homology analysis using nine available 16S rDNA data bases revealed 40, 24, 15 and 14 aerobic bacterial species from the vector guts, the gerbil bodies, the gerbil nests, and the plants, respectively. The isolated bacteria belong to wide ranges including aerobic to facultative anaerobic, pathogen to commensals, sand fly oviposition inducers, land to air and ocean habitats, animal and human probiotics, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Matching data analysis suggested that the adult P. papatasi gut bacteria could be acquired from three routes, adult sugar feeding on the plant saps, adult blood feeding on the animal host, and larval feeding from nest supplies. However, our laboratory experiment showed that none of the bacteria of the reservoir skin was transmitted to female sand fly guts via blood feeding. The microflora of sand fly guts were associated with the sand fly environment in which the predominant bacteria were Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus in human dwellings, cattle farms, and rodent colonies, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterium in sand fly guts. Presence of some sand fly ovipoisition inducers such Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus support association between gut flora and oviposition induction. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter cloacae particularly subsp. dissolvens are circulated among the sand fly guts, the plants, and the sand fly larval breeding places and hence are possible candidates for a paratransgenic approach to reduce Leishmania transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Maleki-Ravasan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Hajikhani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- Department Industrial and of Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasan Shirazi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jafari
- Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR-IHRS), Esfahan, Iran.
| | - Koorosh Aminian
- Isfahan Province Health Center No1, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Ravi Durvasula
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Ren X, Hughes GL, Niu G, Suzuki Y, Rasgon JL. Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) has negligible effects on adult survival and transcriptome of its mosquito host. PeerJ 2014; 2:e584. [PMID: 25279264 PMCID: PMC4179393 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito densoviruses (DNVs) are candidate agents for paratransgenic control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. Unlike other mosquito DNVs, the Anopheles gambiae DNV (AgDNV) is non-pathogenic to larval mosquitoes. However, the cost of infection upon adults and the molecular mechanisms underpinning infection in the mosquito host are unknown. Using life table analysis, we show that AgDNV infection has minimal effects on An. gambiae survival (no significant effect in 2 replicates and a slight 2 day survival decrease in the third replicate). Using microarrays, we show that AgDNV has very minimal effect on the adult mosquito transcriptome, with only 4-15 genes differentially regulated depending on the statistical criteria imposed. The minimal impact upon global transcription provides some mechanistic understanding of lack of virus pathogenicity, suggesting a long co-evolutionary history that has shifted towards avirulence. From an applied standpoint, lack of strong induced fitness costs makes AgDNV an attractive agent for paratransgenic malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ren
- Pharmaceutics International Inc., Hunt Valley, MD, USA
| | - Grant L Hughes
- The Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Guodong Niu
- The Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yasutsugu Suzuki
- The Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- The Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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46
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Viral metagenomics on animals as a tool for the detection of zoonoses prior to human infection? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10377-97. [PMID: 24918293 PMCID: PMC4100157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human viral infections have a zoonotic, i.e., wild or domestic animal, origin. Several zoonotic viruses are transmitted to humans directly via contact with an animal or indirectly via exposure to the urine or feces of infected animals or the bite of a bloodsucking arthropod. If a virus is able to adapt and replicate in its new human host, human-to-human transmissions may occur, possibly resulting in an epidemic, such as the A/H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009. Thus, predicting emerging zoonotic infections is an important challenge for public health officials in the coming decades. The recent development of viral metagenomics, i.e., the characterization of the complete viral diversity isolated from an organism or an environment using high-throughput sequencing technologies, is promising for the surveillance of such diseases and can be accomplished by analyzing the viromes of selected animals and arthropods that are closely in contact with humans. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of viral diversity within such animals (in particular blood-feeding arthropods, wildlife and domestic animals) using metagenomics and present its possible future application for the surveillance of zoonotic and arboviral diseases.
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Suzuki Y, Niu G, Hughes GL, Rasgon JL. A viral over-expression system for the major malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5127. [PMID: 24875042 PMCID: PMC4038844 DOI: 10.1038/srep05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pathogen/mosquito interactions is essential for developing novel strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases. Technical advances in reverse-genetics, such as RNA interference (RNAi), have facilitated elucidation of components of the mosquito immune system that are antagonistic to pathogen development, and host proteins essential for parasite development. Forward genetic approaches, however, are limited to generation of transgenic insects, and while powerful, mosquito transgenesis is a resource- and time-intensive technique that is not broadly available to most laboratories. The ability to easily "over-express" genes would enhance molecular studies in vector biology and expedite elucidation of pathogen-refractory genes without the need to make transgenic insects. We developed and characterized an efficient Anopheles gambiae densovirus (AgDNV) over-expression system for the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. High-levels of gene expression were detected at 3 days post-infection and increased over time, suggesting this is an effective system for gene induction. Strong expression was observed in the fat body and ovaries. We validated multiple short promoters for gene induction studies. Finally, we developed a polycistronic system to simultaneously express multiple genes of interest. This AgDNV-based toolset allows for consistent transduction of genes of interest and will be a powerful molecular tool for research in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Suzuki
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Guodong Niu
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
- Current address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, United States of America
| | - Grant L. Hughes
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States of America
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48
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Abstract
The 3.5-Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of mature cricket parvovirus (Acheta domesticus densovirus [AdDNV]) has been determined. Structural comparisons show that vertebrate and invertebrate parvoviruses have evolved independently, although there are common structural features among all parvovirus capsid proteins. It was shown that raising the temperature of the AdDNV particles caused a loss of their genomes. The structure of these emptied particles was determined by cryo-electron microscopy to 5.5-Å resolution, and the capsid structure was found to be the same as that for the full, mature virus except for the absence of the three ordered nucleotides observed in the crystal structure. The viral protein 1 (VP1) amino termini could be externalized without significant damage to the capsid. In vitro, this externalization of the VP1 amino termini is accompanied by the release of the viral genome.
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49
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Phan TG, Vo NP, Boros Á, Pankovics P, Reuter G, Li OTW, Wang C, Deng X, Poon LLM, Delwart E. The viruses of wild pigeon droppings. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72787. [PMID: 24023772 PMCID: PMC3762862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds are frequent sources of emerging human infectious diseases. Viral particles were enriched from the feces of 51 wild urban pigeons (Columba livia) from Hong Kong and Hungary, their nucleic acids randomly amplified and then sequenced. We identified sequences from known and novel species from the viral families Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Adenovirus, Astroviridae, and Caliciviridae (listed in decreasing number of reads), as well as plant and insect viruses likely originating from consumed food. The near full genome of a new species of a proposed parvovirus genus provisionally called Aviparvovirus contained an unusually long middle ORF showing weak similarity to an ORF of unknown function from a fowl adenovirus. Picornaviruses found in both Asia and Europe that are distantly related to the turkey megrivirus and contained a highly divergent 2A1 region were named mesiviruses. All eleven segments of a novel rotavirus subgroup related to a chicken rotavirus in group G were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. This study provides an initial assessment of the enteric virome in the droppings of pigeons, a feral urban species with frequent human contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nguyen Phung Vo
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Ákos Boros
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Olive T. W. Li
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chunling Wang
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Leo L. M. Poon
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Bronkhorst AW, Miesen P, van Rij RP. Small RNAs tackle large viruses: RNA interference-based antiviral defense against DNA viruses in insects. Fly (Austin) 2013; 7:216-23. [PMID: 23974177 DOI: 10.4161/fly.25708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway processes viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNA) that guide the recognition and cleavage of complementary viral target RNAs. In RNA virus infections, viral replication intermediates, dsRNA genomes or viral structured RNAs have been implicated as Dicer-2 substrates. In a recent publication, we demonstrated that a double-stranded DNA virus, Invertebrate iridescent virus 6, is a target of the Drosophila RNAi machinery, and we proposed that overlapping converging transcripts base pair to form the dsRNA substrates for vsiRNA biogenesis. Here, we discuss the role of RNAi in antiviral defense to DNA viruses in Drosophila and other invertebrate model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred W Bronkhorst
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Miesen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences; Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity; Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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