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Qvortrup K, Petersen RG, Dohn AO, Møller KB, Nielsen TE. Solvent-Controlled Chemoselectivity in the Photolytic Release of Hydroxamic Acids and Carboxamides from Solid Support. Org Lett 2017; 19:3263-3266. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rico G. Petersen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asmus O. Dohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus B. Møller
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Singapore
Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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2
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Berben P, Mols R, Brouwers J, Tack J, Augustijns P. Gastrointestinal behavior of itraconazole in humans - Part 2: The effect of intraluminal dilution on the performance of a cyclodextrin-based solution. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:235-243. [PMID: 28450167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is known to enable absorption of the lipophilic drug itraconazole. Since the interaction between HP-β-CD and itraconazole is characterized by a non-lineair, AP-type phase-solubility diagram, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of intraluminal dilution (water intake) on the behavior and performance of an orally administered cyclodextrin-based solution of itraconazole. Subsequently, the in vivo behavior was simulated by combining in vitro dilution with permeation assessment. After the administration of a Sporanox® solution to healthy volunteers with or without a glass of water, gastrointestinal and systemic concentrations of itraconazole were simultaneously monitored. Independently of the intake of water, no gastric precipitation of itraconazole was observed. After transfer to the duodenum, precipitation occurred and was more pronounced in the condition with water, resulting in a 7.6-fold reduction in duodenal AUC0-3h compared to the condition without water. Nevertheless, plasma concentration-time profiles did not demonstrate any significant differences in AUC0-8h, Cmax and tmax. Application of freshly aspirated intestinal fluids on Caco-2 cells clearly confirmed that higher intestinal itraconazole concentrations after intake of Sporanox® without water do not generate a substantially increased itraconazole uptake. A two-stage in vitro dilution test was combined with a permeation compartment to capture this solubility-permeability interplay. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that variations in intraluminal dilution may have a drastic impact on the gastrointestinal behavior of lipophilic drugs in the presence of cyclodextrins. In the case of an AP-type interaction with cyclodextrins, the trade-off between solubility and permeability may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Berben
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49 - Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Mols
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49 - Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49 - Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49 - Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Kostewicz ES, Abrahamsson B, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Butler J, Carlert S, Dickinson PA, Dressman J, Holm R, Klein S, Mann J, McAllister M, Minekus M, Muenster U, Müllertz A, Verwei M, Vertzoni M, Weitschies W, Augustijns P. In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:342-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 947] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Kore PP, Mutha MM, Antre RV, Oswal RJ, Kshirsagar SS. Computer-Aided Drug Design: An Innovative Tool for Modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmc.2012.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Muenster U, Pelzetter C, Backensfeld T, Ohm A, Kuhlmann T, Mueller H, Lustig K, Keldenich J, Greschat S, Göller AH, Gnoth MJ. Volume to dissolve applied dose (VDAD) and apparent dissolution rate (ADR): Tools to predict in vivo bioavailability from orally applied drug suspensions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:522-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Austel V, Sjöström M, Eriksson L, Hall LH, Waterbeemd VDH, Costantino G, Clementi S, Cruciani G, Valigi R. Experimental Design in Synthesis Planning and Structure‐Property Correlations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527615452.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Maldonado AG, Doucet JP, Petitjean M, Fan BT. Molecular similarity and diversity in chemoinformatics: from theory to applications. Mol Divers 2006; 10:39-79. [PMID: 16404528 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-006-8697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to a survey on molecular similarity and diversity. Key findings reported in recent investigations are selectively highlighted and summarized. Even if this overview is mainly centered in chemoinformatics, applications in other areas (pharmaceutical and medical chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, chemical databases management, etc.) are also introduced. The approaches used to define and describe the concepts of molecular similarity and diversity in the context of chemoinformatics are discussed in the first part of this review. We introduce, in the second and third parts, the descriptions and analyses of different methods and techniques. Finally, current applications and problems are enumerated and discussed in the last part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Maldonado
- ITODYS, Université Paris 7--Denis Diderot, CNRS UMR-7086, 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005, Paris, France
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10
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Jin Y, Chen X, Côté M, Roland A, Korba B, Mounir S, Iyer RP. Parallel solid-phase synthesis of nucleoside phosphoramidate libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2057-60. [PMID: 11514138 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry is playing an increasingly prominent role in the process of drug discovery. A nucleic acid-based (NAB) scaffold can be engineered to create functional group and topological diversity in a library. Described herein is the parallel solid-phase synthesis of combinatorial libraries of nucleoside phosphoramidates, and the first evaluation of antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Origenix Technologies Inc., 230 Bernard-Belleau, Suite 210, Laval, H7V 4A9, Québec, Canada
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11
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Stratford RE, Clay MP, Heinz BA, Kuhfeld MT, Osborne SJ, Phillips DL, Sweetana SA, Tebbe MJ, Vasudevan V, Zornes LL, Lindstrom TD. Application of oral bioavailability surrogates in the design of orally active inhibitors of rhinovirus replication. J Pharm Sci 1999; 88:747-53. [PMID: 10430536 DOI: 10.1021/js990036t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in rats and humans demonstrated poor oral bioavailability of potent in vitro 2-aminobenzimidazole inhibitors of rhinovirus replication due to significant first-pass elimination and possibly also to poor aqueous solubility. Estimations of aqueous solubility, as well as measurements of caco-2 permeability and NADPH dependent compound loss in rat liver microsomal incubations were employed alongside traditional in vivo experiments in rats to guide subsequent chemistry efforts. Retention of activity upon replacement of the metabolically labile vinyl oxime in the lead molecule with a vinyl carboxamide was a major breakthrough; however, oral bioavailability among the latter compounds was variable. Based on the ability to independently measure solubility, permeability, and metabolic stability of new compounds, variable solubility across the series (ranging from approximately 1 to 10 microg/mL) was identified as the cause of the inconsistent performance. Subsequent efforts to improve solubility led to the discovery of highly soluble (>10 mg/mL) and potent dessulfonyl vinyl carboxamide benzimidazoles. Determination of the metabolic stability of these compounds as a surrogate of the extent of their first-pass elimination supported a prediction of excellent oral bioavailability. In comparison to the sulfonyl-containing vinyl carboxamides, caco-2 permeabilities were reduced 5 to 10-fold; however, these were considered to be in the range of well-absorbed compounds based on comparison to a series of reference compounds of known percentage absorption in humans. Subsequent experiments in the rat verified the oral bioavailability of these N-alkyl compounds, with one compound (368177) having an absolute oral bioavailability of 89.4%. The application of solubility and caco-2 permeability as surrogates for oral absorption potential, in conjunction with the use of microsomal incubations as a surrogate for first-pass metabolism, was shown to augment a rational chemistry approach to discover orally bioavailable inhibitors of rhinovirus replication. Future expanded use of these surrogates is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Stratford
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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12
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Piscopio AD, Miller JF, Koch K. Ring closing metathesis in organic synthesis: Evolution of a high speed, solid phase method for the preparation of β-turn mimetics. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Yim AM, Vidal Y, Viallefont P, Martinez J. Solid-phase synthesis of α-amino acids by radical addition to adehydroalanine derivative. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has had a significant impact on drug development over the past decade. Continual improvements in LC/MS interface technologies combined with powerful features for structure analysis, qualitative and quantitative, have resulted in a widened scope of application. These improvements coincided with breakthroughs in combinatorial chemistry, molecular biology, and an overall industry trend of accelerated development. New technologies have created a situation where the rate of sample generation far exceeds the rate of sample analysis. As a result, new paradigms for the analysis of drugs and related substances have been developed. The growth in LC/MS applications has been extensive, with retention time and molecular weight emerging as essential analytical features from drug target to product. LC/MS-based methodologies that involve automation, predictive or surrogate models, and open access systems have become a permanent fixture in the drug development landscape. An iterative cycle of "what is it?" and "how much is there?" continues to fuel the tremendous growth of LC/MS in the pharmaceutical industry. During this time, LC/MS has become widely accepted as an integral part of the drug development process. This review describes the utility of LC/MS techniques for accelerated drug development and provides a perspective on the significant changes in strategies for pharmaceutical analysis. Future applications of LC/MS technologies for accelerated drug development and emerging industry trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lee
- Milestone Development Services, Pennington, New Jersey 08534-0813, USA
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16
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Asymmetric access to functional, structurally diverse molecules exploiting five-membered heterocyclic silyloxy dienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5148(98)80006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Nicolaou KC, Winssinger N, Pastor J, Murphy F. Festphasensynthese von Makrocyclen mit der Strategie der Abspaltung unter Cyclisierung: Anwendung der Stille-Kupplung bei der Synthese von (S)-Zearalenon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980918)110:18<2677::aid-ange2677>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Barbaste M, Rolland-Fulcrand V, Roumestant ML, Viallefont P, Martinez J. Rapid solid phase synthesis of α-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Gordeev MF, Patel DV, England BP, Jonnalagadda S, Combs JD, Gordon EM. Combinatorial synthesis and screening of a chemical library of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:883-9. [PMID: 9730224 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis of a 300-member pharmacophore library of 1,4-dihydropyridines from keto ester, diketone and aldehyde building blocks on a cleavable amine polymeric support is described. Screening and serial deconvolution of the combinatorial library has resulted in identification of known and new potent calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Gordeev
- Affymix Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
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20
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Yamada M, Okagaki C, Higashijima T, Tanaka S, Ohnuki T, Sugita T. A potent dipeptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1537-40. [PMID: 9873385 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) has been developed. A brief structure-activity relationship of the inhibitors was investigated. The dipeptide TSL-225, tryptophyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, was identified with the critical structure for the inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Lead Generation Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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21
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Nicolaou K, Watanabe N, Li J, Pastor J, Winssinger N. Einfache Festphasensynthese von Oligosacchariden – Herstellung eines Dodecasaccharids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980605)110:11<1636::aid-ange1636>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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A second generation solid phase approach to Freidinger lactams: Application of Fukuyama's amine synthesis and cyclative release via ring closing metathesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Over the next decade, the impact of library synthesis will play a major role in shortening the lead optimization phase of drug discovery. The prognosis for combinatorial chemistry to discover fundamentally different new classes of therapeutically active small molecules against some of the more difficult biological targets is less certain. Expectations are high because the technology potentially allows us to sample available drug space by synthesizing all possible small molecule ligands (variously estimated to be between 10(30)-10(50) compounds). Some caution is advised, however, since, despite recent increases in high-throughput screening of substantially greater numbers of synthetic compounds and natural products, we are not routinely finding a plethora of new structures. The outcome may be that combinational chemistry offers us the ability to work faster on finding ligands for well-established tractable targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels or proteases, rather than, say, the more complex protein-protein interactions which from the majority of targets in signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Myers
- CombiChem, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- K and K Biosciences, Inc., Lexington, Kentucky 40502-3330, USA
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26
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Piscopio AD, Miller JF, Koch K. Solid phase heterocyclic synthesis via ring closing metathesis: Traceless linking and cyclative cleavage through a carbon-carbon double bond. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Marx MA, Grillot AL, Louer CT, Beaver KA, Bartlett PA. Synthetic Design for Combinatorial Chemistry. Solution and Polymer-Supported Synthesis of Polycyclic Lactams by Intramolecular Cyclization of Azomethine Ylides. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9621051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Marx
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Anne-Laure Grillot
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Christopher T. Louer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Krista A. Beaver
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Paul A. Bartlett
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(96)00423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7213] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Panek JS, Zhu B. Synthesis of aromatic 1,2-diazines by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction of polymer-supported 1,2,4,5-tetrazines. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Pavia MR, Cohen MP, Dilley GJ, Dubuc GR, Durgin TL, Forman FW, Hediger ME, Milot G, Powers TS, Sucholeiki I, Zhou S, Hangauer DG. The design and synthesis of substituted biphenyl libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:659-66. [PMID: 8804530 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel scaffold system for the generation of diversity libraries has been designed which allows for rapid modification not only of functional groups, but their spatial arrangements as well. The biphenyl scaffold allows for display of three or four diverse functional groups in a wide variety of spatial arrangements depending on the substitution pattern selected. The libraries are generated by a combination of solution and solid-phase chemistries and are cleaved off the solid-support for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Pavia
- Sphinx Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
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Cosgrove DA, Kenny PW. BOOMSLANG: a program for combinatorial structure generation. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS 1996; 14:1-5, 23. [PMID: 8744566 DOI: 10.1016/0263-7855(95)00040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An approach to exploiting pharmacophore models is described. Structures are assembled combinatorially from user-defined fragments and flexibly overlaid into the reference frame of the pharmacophore using distance geometry and molecular mechanics. The match with the pharmacophore is quantified by conformational energy and volume of overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cosgrove
- Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England
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35
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Chapter 31. Solid-Phase Synthesis: Applications to Combinatorial Libraries. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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36
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Ecker DJ, Crooke ST. Combinatorial drug discovery: which methods will produce the greatest value? BIO/TECHNOLOGY (NATURE PUBLISHING COMPANY) 1995; 13:351-60. [PMID: 9634776 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0495-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial strategies are important new approaches to drug discovery, and it seems quite likely that they will result in the discovery of interesting potential pharmaceuticals. However, it is less clear whether combinatorial approaches will result in quantum advances in therapeutics. Nor is there general agreement about the factors most important in defining how combinatorial strategies will provide value to the discovery of lead and therapeutic compounds. In this review, we propose criteria that define the value of combinatorial strategies and categorize the various approaches by: (a) the type of chemical space to be searched, (b) the tactics employed to synthesize and screen libraries, and (c) the structures of individual molecules in libraries. We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the various strategies and suggest milestones that can help to track their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Ecker
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
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37
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Lam KS, Wade S, Abdul-Latif F, Lebl M. Application of a dual color detection scheme in the screening of a random combinatorial peptide library. J Immunol Methods 1995; 180:219-23. [PMID: 7714336 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(94)00316-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Selectide Technology is a random synthetic combinatorial library method in which millions of random compounds are screened in parallel for their ability to bind to a tagged macromolecular target. The library consists of millions of beads and each individual bead expresses a unique chemical compound such as a peptide. In the standard enzyme-linked colorimetric detection scheme, the positive bead which turns color is isolated for microsequencing. In this paper, a dual color detection scheme using two sequential orthogonal probes is described. This dual color system enables one to rapidly differentiate false positive beads from true positive beads, resulting in a much more efficient use of the microsequencer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA
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Baldwin JJ, Burbaum JJ, Chelsky D, Dillard LW, Henderson I, Li G, Ohlmeyer MH, Randle TL, Reader JC. Combinatorial Libraries Encoded with Electrophoric Tags. Eur J Med Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(23)00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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40
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Moore GJ, Smith JR, Baylis BW, Matsoukas JM. Design and pharmacology of peptide mimetics. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1995; 33:91-41. [PMID: 7495678 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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