1
|
Hussen E, Aakel N, Shaito AA, Al-Asmakh M, Abou-Saleh H, Zakaria ZZ. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a Model for the Study of Developmental and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:194. [PMID: 38203365 PMCID: PMC10779276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative to conventional tobacco products has raised concerns regarding their potential adverse effects. The cardiovascular system undergoes intricate processes forming the heart and blood vessels during fetal development. However, the precise impact of e-cigarette smoke and aerosols on these delicate developmental processes remains elusive. Previous studies have revealed changes in gene expression patterns, disruptions in cellular signaling pathways, and increased oxidative stress resulting from e-cigarette exposure. These findings indicate the potential for e-cigarettes to cause developmental and cardiovascular harm. This comprehensive review article discusses various aspects of electronic cigarette use, emphasizing the relevance of cardiovascular studies in Zebrafish for understanding the risks to human health. It also highlights novel experimental approaches and technologies while addressing their inherent challenges and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hussen
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Nada Aakel
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.A.); (M.A.-A.); (H.A.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Zain Z. Zakaria
- Medical and Health Sciences Office, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaouadi H, Jopling C, Bajolle F, Théron A, Faucherre A, Gerard H, Al Dybiat S, Ovaert C, Bonnet D, Avierinos JF, Zaffran S. Expanding the phenome and variome of the ROBO-SLIT pathway in congenital heart defects: toward improving the genetic testing yield of CHD. J Transl Med 2023; 21:160. [PMID: 36855159 PMCID: PMC9976407 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown the implication of the ROBO-SLIT pathway in heart development. Within this study, we aimed to further assess the implication of the ROBO and SLIT genes mainly in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and other human congenital heart defects (CHD). METHODS We have analyzed a cohort of singleton exome sequencing data comprising 40 adult BAV patients, 20 pediatric BAV patients generated by the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium, 10 pediatric cases with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), and one case with coarctation of the aorta. A gene-centered analysis of data was performed. To further advance the interpretation of the variants, we intended to combine more than 5 prediction tools comprising the assessment of protein structure and stability. RESULTS A total of 24 variants were identified. Only 4 adult BAV patients (10%) had missense variants in the ROBO and SLIT genes. In contrast, 19 pediatric cases carried variants in ROBO or SLIT genes (61%). Three BAV patients with a severe phenotype were digenic. Segregation analysis was possible for two BAV patients. For the homozygous ROBO4: p.(Arg776Cys) variant, family segregation was consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The ROBO4: c.3001 + 3G > A variant segregates with the affected family members. Interestingly, these variants were also found in two unrelated patients with ToF highlighting that the same variant in the ROBO4 gene may underlie different cardiac phenotypes affecting the outflow tract development. CONCLUSION Our results further reinforce the implication of the ROBO4 gene not only in BAV but also in ToF hence the importance of its inclusion in clinical genetic testing. The remaining ROBO and SLIT genes may be screened in patients with negative or inconclusive genetic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hager Jaouadi
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, LabEx ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale Et Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes - M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Théron
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13005, Marseille, France
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Adèle Faucherre
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, LabEx ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Hilla Gerard
- Department of Cardiology, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Sarab Al Dybiat
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Timone Enfant Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Ovaert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Timone Enfant Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Service de Cardiologie Congénitale Et Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes - M3C, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13005, Marseille, France
- Department of Cardiology, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, 13005, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collins RT, Yang W, Carmichael SL, Bolin EH, Nembhard WN, Shaw GM. Maternal dietary fat intake and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:804-809. [PMID: 32120376 PMCID: PMC7483164 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are crucial in embryologic development, including cardiogenesis. The impact of maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake on the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of CHDs in offspring. METHODS We analyzed CHD cases and nonmalformed controls from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a case-control, multicenter population-based study of birth defects. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the association between maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake and occurrence of CHDs. RESULTS We examined 11,393 infants with CHDs (cases) and 11,029 infants without birth defects (controls). Multivariable analysis of maternal dietary fat intake adjusted for maternal energy intake demonstrated modest change in risk for 2 of the 25 CHDs analyzed; otherwise there was no association. Maternal dietary fat intake unadjusted for total energy was associated with increased risk for several CHDs. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for total energy intake, maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake has a modest association with risk of a few specific CHDs. If maternal dietary fat intake does impact CHD risk, the effect is minimal. IMPACT In this large, case-control study, after adjusting for total caloric intake, maternal periconceptional dietary fat intake was not associated with increased odds of congenital heart defects. This study investigates the hypothesis that women's periconceptional fat intake alters the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Our results raise questions about the role maternal fat intake may play in cardiogenesis and risk of congenital heart defects. Additionally, they raise the question about whether maternal lipid metabolism, as opposed to fat intake, may influence cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas Collins
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Elijah H Bolin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Celik M, Goktas S, Karakaya C, Cakiroglu AI, Karahuseyinoglu S, Lashkarinia SS, Ermek E, Pekkan K. Microstructure of early embryonic aortic arch and its reversibility following mechanically altered hemodynamic load release. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1208-H1218. [PMID: 32243769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the embryonic heart, blood flow is distributed through a bilaterally paired artery system composed of the aortic arches (AAs). The purpose of this study is to establish an understanding of the governing mechanism of microstructural maturation of the AA matrix and its reversibility, toward the desired macroscopic vessel lumen diameter and thickness for healthy, abnormal, and in ovo repaired abnormal mechanical loading. While matrix-remodeling mechanisms were significantly different for normal versus conotruncal banding (CTB), both led to an increase in vessel lumen. Correlated with right-sided flow increase at Hamburger & Hamilton stages 21, intermittent load switching between collagen I and III with elastin and collagen-IV defines the normal process. However, decreases in collagen I, elastin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and fibrillin-1 in CTB were recovered almost fully following the CTB-release model, primarily because of the pressure load changes. The complex temporal changes in matrix proteins are illustrated through a predictive finite-element model based on elastin and collagen load-sharing mechanism to achieve lumen area increase and thickness increase resulting from wall shear stress and tissue strain, respectively. The effect of embryonic timing in cardiac interventions on AA microstructure was established where abnormal mechanical loading was selectively restored at the key stage of development. Recovery of the normal mechanical loading via early fetal intervention resulted in delayed microstructural maturation. Temporal elastin increase, correlated with wall shear stress, is required for continuous lumen area growth.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study undertakes comparative analyses of the mechanistic differences of the arterial matrix microstructure and dynamics in the three fundamental processes of control, conotruncal banded, and released conotruncal band in avian embryo. Among other findings, this study provides specific evidence on the restorative role of elastin during the early lumen growth process. During vascular development, a novel intermittent load-switching mechanism between elastin and collagen, triggered by a step increase in wall shear stress, governs the chronic vessel lumen cross-sectional area increase. Mimicking the fetal cardiovascular interventions currently performed in humans, the early release of the abnormal mechanical load rescues the arterial microstructure with time lag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Celik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Goktas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Karakaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sercin Karahuseyinoglu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Erhan Ermek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Pekkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Matos-Nieves
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.M.-N., J.Y., V.G.)
| | - Jun Yasuhara
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.M.-N., J.Y., V.G.)
| | - Vidu Garg
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.M.-N., J.Y., V.G.).,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus (V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Astone M, Lai JKH, Dupont S, Stainier DYR, Argenton F, Vettori A. Zebrafish mutants and TEAD reporters reveal essential functions for Yap and Taz in posterior cardinal vein development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10189. [PMID: 29976931 PMCID: PMC6033906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As effectors of the Hippo signaling cascade, YAP1 and TAZ are transcriptional regulators playing important roles in development, tissue homeostasis and cancer. A number of different cues, including mechanotransduction of extracellular stimuli, adhesion molecules, oncogenic signaling and metabolism modulate YAP1/TAZ nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. In the nucleus, YAP1/TAZ tether with the DNA binding proteins TEADs, to activate the expression of target genes that regulate proliferation, migration, cell plasticity, and cell fate. Based on responsive elements present in the human and zebrafish promoters of the YAP1/TAZ target gene CTGF, we established zebrafish fluorescent transgenic reporter lines of Yap1/Taz activity. These reporter lines provide an in vivo view of Yap1/Taz activity during development and adulthood at the whole organism level. Transgene expression was detected in many larval tissues including the otic vesicles, heart, pharyngeal arches, muscles and brain and is prominent in endothelial cells. Analysis of vascular development in yap1/taz zebrafish mutants revealed specific defects in posterior cardinal vein (PCV) formation, with altered expression of arterial/venous markers. The overactivation of Yap1/Taz in endothelial cells was sufficient to promote an aberrant vessel sprouting phenotype. Our findings confirm and extend the emerging role of Yap1/Taz in vascular development including angiogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Luciferases/chemistry
- Luciferases/genetics
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mutation
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins
- Transgenes/genetics
- Veins/cytology
- Veins/growth & development
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sirio Dupont
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Vettori
- University of Padova, Department of Biology, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morfoisse F, Tatin F, Hantelys F, Adoue A, Helfer AC, Cassant-Sourdy S, Pujol F, Gomez-Brouchet A, Ligat L, Lopez F, Pyronnet S, Courty J, Guillermet-Guibert J, Marzi S, Schneider RJ, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini BH. Nucleolin Promotes Heat Shock-Associated Translation of VEGF-D to Promote Tumor Lymphangiogenesis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4394-405. [PMID: 27280395 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-D promotes metastasis by inducing lymphangiogenesis and dilatation of the lymphatic vasculature, facilitating tumor cell extravasion. Here we report a novel level of control for VEGF-D expression at the level of protein translation. In human tumor cells, VEGF-D colocalized with eIF4GI and 4E-BP1, which can program increased initiation at IRES motifs on mRNA by the translational initiation complex. In murine tumors, the steady-state level of VEGF-D protein was increased despite the overexpression and dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1, which downregulates protein synthesis, suggesting the presence of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5' UTR of VEGF-D mRNA. We found that nucleolin, a nucleolar protein involved in ribosomal maturation, bound directly to the 5'UTR of VEGF-D mRNA, thereby improving its translation following heat shock stress via IRES activation. Nucleolin blockade by RNAi-mediated silencing or pharmacologic inhibition reduced VEGF-D translation along with a subsequent constriction of lymphatic vessels in tumors. Our results identify nucleolin as a key regulator of VEGF-D expression, deepening understanding of lymphangiogenesis control during tumor formation. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4394-405. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- UMR 1048-1I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Tatin
- UMR 1048-1I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fransky Hantelys
- UMR 1048-1I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurelien Adoue
- UMR 1048-1I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Pujol
- UMR 1048-1I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gomez-Brouchet
- UMR 5089-IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. Department of Pathology, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- Pôle Technologique du CRCT - INSERM-UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- Pôle Technologique du CRCT - INSERM-UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jose Courty
- Laboratoire CRRET Laboratory, Université Paris EST Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Stefano Marzi
- IBMC-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Off-target effects represent one of the major concerns in the development of new pharmaceuticals, requiring large-scale animal toxicity testing. Faster, cheaper and more reliable assays based on zebrafish embryos (ZE) are being developed as major tools for assessing toxicity of chemicals during the drug-discovery process. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews techniques aimed to the analysis of in vivo sublethal toxic effects of drugs on major physiological functions, including the cardiovascular, nervous, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal and thyroid systems among others. Particular emphasis is placed on high-throughput screening techniques (HTS), including robotics, imaging technologies and image-analysis software. EXPERT OPINION The analysis of off-target effects of candidate drugs requires systemic analyses, as they often involve the complete organism rather than specific, tissue- or cell-specific targets. The unique physical and physiological characteristics of ZE make this system an essential tool for drug discovery and toxicity assessment. Different HTS methodologies applicable to ZE allow the screening of large numbers of different chemicals for many diverse and relevant toxic endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio Raldúa
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona , Spain +34 93400 6157 ; +34 93204 5904 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Love DR, Lan CC, Dodd A, Shelling AN, McNabb WC, Ferguson LR. Modeling inflammatory bowel disease: the zebrafish as a way forward. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 7:177-93. [PMID: 17331065 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has proved to be an informative model of vertebrate development and, more recently, an emerging model of human disease. The realization of the full potential of the zebrafish as a disease model lies in two interdependent areas. The first is an appreciation that the often overlooked strength of this species lies in allowing the design of experiments that address the interplay of genetics and the environment in a manipulable manner. The second is in the application and further development of gene targeting approaches. These twin features will be addressed in this review in the context of modeling inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Love
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sudden visual loss in the untreated eye of a patient with neovascular glaucoma following an intravitreal bevacizumab injection: A case report. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:445-447. [PMID: 24137344 PMCID: PMC3789081 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study presents the case of a patient with a rare adverse event characterized by sudden vision loss in the untreated eye following an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The patient was diagnosed with NVG refractory to Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and a vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye, which was treated with 1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab. Ten days after the bevacizumab injection, the left eye exhibited sudden visual loss. The patient's best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decreased from 80 to 25 letters [Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart]. A fundus examination revealed a swollen optic disk with unclear boundaries, retinal hemorrhages and thinning retinal vessels. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) identified hyperfluorescence in the optic disk and an enlarged foveal avascular zone. The visual field revealed quadrantal defects that confirmed the diagnosis of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with ischemic maculopathy. Six months later, following medical treatment, the patient's BCVA was increased to 44 letters. However, a clinical examination found neovessels with one papilla disk (PD) above the disk. Laser photocoagulation treatment was administered immediately. The area of neovessels above the disk was reduced to 1/4 PD at the last follow-up. In conclusion, although intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Bevacizumab) is an effective treatment for neovascular ocular diseases, its adverse effects must be taken into consideration for the treatment of NVG. Photocoagulation remains an effective treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Scott JM, Lakoski S, Mackey JR, Douglas PS, Haykowsky MJ, Jones LW. The potential role of aerobic exercise to modulate cardiotoxicity of molecularly targeted cancer therapeutics. Oncologist 2013; 18:221-31. [PMID: 23335619 PMCID: PMC3579607 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapeutics (MTT) are the future of cancer systemic therapy. They have already moved from palliative therapy for advanced solid malignancies into the setting of curative-intent treatment for early-stage disease. Cardiotoxicity is a frequent and potentially serious adverse complication of some targeted therapies, leading to a broad range of potentially life-threatening complications, therapy discontinuation, and poor quality of life. Low-cost pleiotropic interventions are therefore urgently required to effectively prevent and/or treat MTT-induced cardiotoxicity. Aerobic exercise therapy has the unique capacity to modulate, without toxicity, multiple gene expression pathways in several organ systems, including a plethora of cardiac-specific molecular and cell-signaling pathways implicated in MTT-induced cardiac toxicity. In this review, we examine the molecular signaling of antiangiogenic and HER2-directed therapies that may underpin cardiac toxicity and the hypothesized molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective properties of aerobic exercise. It is hoped that this knowledge can be used to maximize the benefits of small molecule inhibitors, while minimizing cardiac damage in patients with solid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Scott
- Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures, NASA Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Submicroscopic chromosomal copy number variations identified in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2012; 33:757-63. [PMID: 22349727 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-012-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), one of the most severe types of congenital heart disease (CHD), results in significant morbidity and mortality despite surgical palliation. The etiology of HLHS is unknown, but evidence supports genetic contributors. The authors hypothesized that submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities exist in individuals with HLHS and are more frequent in those with additional birth defects. This study sought to determine the incidence and genomic location of submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities in HLHS and potentially to identify novel genetic loci that may contribute to the disease. For this study, 43 children with HLHS were recruited and screened together with a control population of 16 subjects using array comparative genomic hybridization, also called chromosomal microarray, for chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs). A statistically greater number of CNVs were found in the HLHS group than in the control group (p < 0.03). The CNVs were predominantly small autosomal deletions and duplications (≤ 60,000 bp). The frequency of unique CNVs, those not previously reported in public databases, did not differ statistically between the HLHS subjects and the control subjects. No difference in the frequency of CNVs was noted between the patients with HLHS and additional anomalies and those with isolated HLHS. The identified CNVs did not harbor potential candidate genes for HLHS, but one microdeletion was located on chromosome 14q23, a genetic locus linked to left-sided CHD. The study data demonstrate that CNVs, specifically those relatively small in size, are more common in subjects with HLHS, but the frequency of large potentially disease-causing CNVs (>480,000 bp) did not differ between the HLHS and control populations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jensen LD, Rouhi P, Cao Z, Länne T, Wahlberg E, Cao Y. Zebrafish models to study hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis in malignant and nonmalignant diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:182-93. [PMID: 21671357 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most in vivo preclinical disease models are based on mouse and other mammalian systems. However, these rodent-based model systems have considerable limitations to recapitulate clinical situations in human patients. Zebrafish have been widely used to study embryonic development, behavior, tissue regeneration, and genetic defects. Additionally, zebrafish also provides an opportunity to screen chemical compounds that target a specific cell population for drug development. Owing to the availability of various genetically manipulated strains of zebrafish, immune privilege during early embryonic development, transparency of the embryos, and easy and precise setup of hypoxia equipment, we have developed several disease models in both embryonic and adult zebrafish, focusing on studying the role of angiogenesis in pathological settings. These zebrafish disease models are complementary to the existing mouse models, allowing us to study clinically relevant processes in cancer and nonmalignant diseases, which otherwise would be difficult to study in mice. For example, dissemination and invasion of single human or mouse tumor cells from the primary site in association with tumor angiogenesis can be studied under normoxia or hypoxia in zebrafish embryos. Hypoxia-induced retinopathy in the adult zebrafish recapitulates the clinical situation of retinopathy development in diabetic patients or age-related macular degeneration. These zebrafish disease models offer exciting opportunities to understand the mechanisms of disease development, progression, and development of more effective drugs for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Dahl Jensen
- Deparment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tolentino M. Systemic and Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapies for Ocular Neovascular Disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2011; 56:95-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Verduzco D, Amatruda JF. Analysis of cell proliferation, senescence, and cell death in zebrafish embryos. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 101:19-38. [PMID: 21550438 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387036-0.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proper control of cell proliferation is critical for normal development, growth, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of cell division and cell death underlies almost all cancers, and contributes to the pathology of birth defects and degenerative diseases. The zebrafish has proved to be an excellent system for elucidating the roles of the cell cycle in normal development, and ways in which dysregulation of cell proliferation contributes to disease. This chapter describes the methods for studying the cell cycle in zebrafish embryos, including protocols to examine cell proliferation, DNA damage, senescence, and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Verduzco
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Hu Y, Khan IA, Dasmahapatra AK. Disruption of circulation by ethanol promotes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:273-80. [PMID: 18621148 PMCID: PMC2572809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos exposed to ethanol have developed craniofacial, cardiovascular and skeletal defects which can be compared with the phenotypic features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) observed in human. The present experiment was designed to show that the disruption in circulation by ethanol during embryogenesis is a potential cause of FASD. Fertilized eggs were exposed to ethanol (0, 100 and/or 400 mM) for 24 or 48 h at various developmental stages (Iwamatsu stages 4-30) and were analyzed at 6 day post fertilization (dpf). It was observed that controls and the embryos exposed to 100 mM ethanol were in circulating state; however, a significant number of embryos of stages 4-24 exposed to 400 mM ethanol had disrupted circulation. Compared to controls, protein and RNA contents were significantly reduced in non-circulating embryos. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) analysis was made at 3, 6, 24, 48, 96 and 144 hour post fertilization (hpf). LPO was increased with the advancement of morphogenesis; however, ethanol or the circulation status had no effect. We further analyzed alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh 5 and adh8) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh9A and Aldh1A2) enzyme mRNAs in the embryos exposed to 400 mM ethanol for 24 h. A developmental stage-specific reduction in these enzyme mRNAs by ethanol was observed. We conclude that ethanol-induced disruption in circulation during embryogenesis is a potential cause of the development of FASD features in medaka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hu
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Asok K. Dasmahapatra
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Corresponding Author: Asok K. Dasmahapatra, National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, RIPS, School of Pharmacy, 313 Faser Hall, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA, Voice: 662-915-7077 ; FAX: 662-915-5148, e.mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deiters A, Yoder JA. Conditional transgene and gene targeting methodologies in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2008; 3:415-29. [PMID: 18377222 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2006.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a powerful tool for dissecting vertebrate gene function during embryogenesis. Numerous molecular systems have been developed to examine gene function in zebrafish, including transgenics for creating lineage-tracer lines of zebrafish that express a fluorescent protein as a marker for specific populations of cells, and antisense strategies, primarily morpholinos, for knocking down gene function. The focus of this review is to summarize the pros and cons of the currently available systems for functional genomics in zebrafish, and to discuss the need for future methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pieperhoff S, Franke WW. The area composita of adhering junctions connecting heart muscle cells of vertebrates. VI. Different precursor structures in non-mammalian species. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:413-30. [PMID: 18420304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the formation and molecular organization of the mammalian heart have emphasized the architectural and functional importance of the adhering junctions (AJs), which are densely clustered in the bipolar end regions (intercalated disks, IDs) connecting the elongated cardiomyocytes of the adult heart. Moreover, we learned from genetic studies of mutated AJ proteins that desmosomal proteins, which for the most part are integral components of ID-specific composite AJs (areae compositae, AC), are essential in heart development and function. Developmental studies have shown that the bipolar concentration of cardiomyocyte AJs in IDs is a rather late process and only completed postnatally. Here we report that in the adult hearts of diverse lower vertebrates (fishes, amphibia, birds) most AJs remain separate and distinct in molecular character, representing either fasciae adhaerentes, maculae adhaerentes (desmosomes) or--less frequently--some form of AC. In the mature hearts of the amphibian and fish species examined a large proportion of the AJs connecting cardiomyocytes is not clustered in the IDs but remains located on the lateral surfaces where they appear either as puncta adhaerentia or as desmosomes. In many places, these puncta connect parallel cardiomyocytes in spectacular ladder-like regular arrays (scalae adhaerentes) correlated with--and connected by--electron-dense plaque-like material to sarcomeric Z-bands. In the avian hearts, on the other hand, most AJs are clustered in the IDs but only a small proportion of the desmosomes appears as AC, compared to the dominance of distinct fasciae adhaerentes. We conclude that the fusion and amalgamation of AJs and desmosomes to ACs is a late process both in ontogenesis and in evolution. The significance and possible functional implications of the specific junctional structures in vertebrate evolution and the class-specific requirements of architectural and molecular assembly adaptation during regeneration processes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pieperhoff
- Division of Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Greene AK, Kim S, Rogers GF, Fishman SJ, Olsen BR, Mulliken JB. Risk of vascular anomalies with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 2008; 121:e135-40. [PMID: 18166531 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Down syndrome have a reduced risk of developing solid tumors. This protective effect has been attributed to increased gene dosage from an additional copy of chromosome 21, and elevated expression of endostatin has been implicated. We hypothesized that vascular anomalies, including infantile hemangioma, an angiogenesis-dependent vascular tumor, and vascular malformations might be similarly inhibited in patients with Down syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Children's Hospital Boston Vascular Anomalies Center database was searched for patients with Down syndrome between 1999 and 2007. In addition, the records of patients with Down syndrome treated at Children's Hospital Boston and the National Birth Defects Center between 1985 and 2007 were reviewed to find concurrent vascular anomalies. Two-sided exact binomial tests were used to evaluate whether patients with vascular anomalies are at reduced risk for Down syndrome or if patients with Down syndrome are at less risk for vascular anomalies compared with the general population. Ninety-five-percent confidence intervals were calculated on the basis of the risk of Down syndrome (1 in 800) and vascular anomalies (1 in 22) in the general population. RESULTS Two of the 7354 patients evaluated in our vascular anomalies unit had Down syndrome. Both patients had a lymphatic malformation: one in the orbit and the other in the lower extremity. Six of the 633 patients with Down syndrome had a vascular anomaly (infantile hemangioma [n = 4] or lymphatic malformation [n = 2]). The risk of concurrent Down syndrome and vascular anomalies was different from the corresponding risk in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Down syndrome have a reduced risk of vascular anomalies compared with the general population. Elevated expression of antiangiogenic proteins may protect these patients from developing vascular anomalies, as well as solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arin K Greene
- Vascular Anomalies Center and Department of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sparrow J, Hughes SM, Segalat L. Other model organisms for sarcomeric muscle diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 642:192-206. [PMID: 19181102 PMCID: PMC3360967 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-84847-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Model organisms are vital to our understanding of human muscle biology and disease. The potential of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster and the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as model genetic organisms for the study of human muscle disease is discussed by examining their muscle biology, muscle genetics and development. The powerful genetic tools available with each organism are outlined. It is concluded that these organisms have already demonstrated potential in facilitating the study of muscle disease and in screening for therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Sparrow
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO1 5DD, UK. Tel: 44-1904-328675; Fax: 44-1904-328825;
| | - Simon M. Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt’s House, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL. Tel: 44-20 7848 6445; Fax: 44-7848 6435;
| | - Laurent Segalat
- CNRS-CGMC, Universite Lyon-1 Claude Bernard, Batiment Mendel, 43 bld du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. Tel: 33-4-72-43-29-51; Fax: 33-4-72-43-29-51;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carney SA, Prasch AL, Heideman W, Peterson RE. Understanding dioxin developmental toxicity using the zebrafish model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 76:7-18. [PMID: 16333842 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have advantages over mammals as an animal model for investigating developmental toxicity. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin, TCDD), a persistent global contaminant, is the most comprehensively studied developmental toxicant in zebrafish. The hallmark responses of TCDD developmental toxicity manifested in zebrafish larvae include edema, anemia, hemorrhage, and ischemia associated with arrested growth and development. Heart and vasculature development and function are severely impaired, and jaw malformations occur secondary to inhibited chondrogenesis. The swim bladder fails to inflate, and the switch from embryonic to adult erythropoiesis is blocked. This profile of developmental toxicity responses, commonly referred to as "blue sac syndrome" because the edematous yolk sac appears blue, is observed in the larval form of all freshwater fish species exposed to TCDD at the embryonic stage of development. Components of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (AHR/ARNT) signaling pathway in zebrafish have been identified and functionally characterized. Their role in mediating TCDD toxicity has been determined using morpholinos to specifically knockdown the translation of zfAHR1, zfAHR2, zfARNT1, and zfARNT2 mRNAs, respectively, and a line of zfARNT2 null mutant zebrafish has provided further insight. These studies have shown that zfAHR2 and zfARNT1 mediate TCDD developmental toxicity. In addition, the growing use of molecular and genomic tools for research on zebrafish have led to advances in our understanding of the mechanism of TCDD developmental toxicity at the molecular level, including the recent finding that toxicity is not mediated by increased cytochrome P4501A (zfCYP1A) expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Carney
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Izumi K, Yahagi N, Fujii Y, Higuchi M, Kosaki R, Naito Y, Nishimura G, Hosokai N, Takahashi T, Kosaki K. Cleidocranial dysplasia plus vascular anomalies with 6p21.2 microdeletion spanning RUNX2 and VEGF. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:398-401. [PMID: 16419134 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Hentges KE, Nakamura H, Furuta Y, Yu Y, Thompson DM, O'Brien W, Bradley A, Justice MJ. Novel lethal mouse mutants produced in balancer chromosome screens. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 6:653-65. [PMID: 16466971 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenesis screens are a valuable method to identify genes that are required for normal development. Previous mouse mutagenesis screens for lethal mutations were targeted at specific time points or for developmental processes. Here we present the results of lethal mutant isolation from two mutagenesis screens that use balancer chromosomes. One screen was localized to mouse chromosome 4, between the STS markers D4Mit281 and D4Mit51. The second screen covered the region between Trp53 and Wnt3 on mouse chromosome 11. These screens identified all lethal mutations in the balancer regions, without bias towards any phenotype or stage of death. We have isolated 19 lethal lines on mouse chromosome 4, and 59 lethal lines on chromosome 11, many of which are distinct from previous mutants that map to these regions of the genome. We have characterized the mutant lines to determine the time of death, and performed a pair-wise complementation cross to determine if the mutations are allelic. Our data suggest that the majority of mouse lethal mutations die during mid-gestation, after uterine implantation, with a variety of defects in gastrulation, heart, neural tube, vascular, or placental development. This initial group of mutants provides a functional annotation of mouse chromosomes 4 and 11, and indicates that many novel developmental phenotypes can be quickly isolated in defined genomic intervals through balancer chromosome mutagenesis screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hentges
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang X, Williams E, Haasch ML, Dasmahapatra AK. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): developmental model for the study of alcohol teratology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 77:29-39. [PMID: 16496295 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of alcohol-induced birth defects. We have used Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a non-mammalian model to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol teratogenesis. METHODS Medaka eggs, within 1 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to waterborne ethanol (0-1000 mM) in hatching solution for 48 hr. Embryo development was observed daily until 10 days post-fertilization (dpf). The concentration of embryonic ethanol was determined enzymatically. Cartilage and bones were stained by Alcian blue and calcein, respectively and skeletal and cardiovascular defects were assessed microscopically. Genetic gender of the embryos was determined by PCR. Levels of two isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) mRNAs were determined by semi-quantitative and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The concentration of ethanol required to cause 50% mortality (LC50) in 10 dpf embryos was 568 mM, however, the embryo absorbed only 15-20% of the waterborne ethanol at all ethanol concentrations. The length of the lower jaw and calcification in tail fin cartilaginous structures were reduced by ethanol exposure. Active blood circulation was exhibited at 50+ hpf in embryos treated with 0-100 mM ethanol; active circulation was delayed and blood clots developed in embryos treated with 200-400 mM ethanol. The deleterious effects of ethanol were not gender-specific. Moreover, ethanol treatment was unable to alter the constitutive expression of either Adh5 or Adh8 mRNA in the medaka embryo. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggested that embryogenesis in medaka was significantly affected by ethanol exposure. Phenotypic features normally associated with ethanol exposure were similar to that observed in mammalian models of fetal alcohol syndrome. The results further indicated that medaka embryogenesis might be used as an alternative non-mammalian model for investigating specific alterations in gene expression as a means to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol-induced birth defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Nian Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The embryonic vasculature develops in a conserved manner in all vertebrates. Endothelial progenitor cells differentiate from mesodermal cells, then migrate and assemble into the dorsal aorta and the cardinal vein. This primitive circulatory loop undergoes sprouting and branching via a two-step navigation mechanism to form the trunk vascular network. Various studies using several model systems have uncovered a number of signaling mechanisms that regulate these complex processes. A genetic approach in zebrafish has led to identification of mutations and molecules that are responsible for specification of endothelial progenitor cells, differentiation of arterial and venous cells, and patterning of the dorsal aorta and intersegmental vessels. These studies highlight the unique utilities and benefits of the zebrafish system for studying development of embryonic blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao P Zhong
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|