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Zhou Y, Chen J, Cui Y, Tang L, Wu P, Yu P, Fu K, Sun Z, Liu Y. Azobenzene-based colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensor for nitroxyl releasing. Nitric Oxide 2024; 145:49-56. [PMID: 38364967 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The precise release and characterization of nitroxyl (HNO) gas signaling molecule remain a challenge due to its short lifetime to date. To solve this issue, an azobenzene-based HNO donor (Azo-D1) was proposed as a colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensor for HNO releasing, to release both HNO and an azobenzene fluorescent reporter together. Specifically, the Azo-D1 has an HNO release half-life of ∼68 min under physiological conditions. The characteristic color change from the original orange to the yellow color indicated the decomposition of the donor molecule. In addition, the stoichiometry release of HNO was qualitatively and quantitatively verified through the classical phosphine compound trap. As compared with the donor molecule by itself, the decomposed product demonstrates a maximum fluorescence emission at 424 nm, where the increase of fluorescence intensity by 6.8 times can be applied to infer the real-time concentration of HNO. Moreover, cellular imaging can also be achieved using this Azo-D1 HNO donor through photoexcitation at 405 and 488 nm, where the real-time monitoring of HNO release was achieved without consuming the HNO source. Finally, the Azo-D1 HNO donor would open a new platform in the exploration of the biochemistry and the biology of HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yunxi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lingjuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Peixuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Kolesnikov AE, Bryzgalov AO, Tolstikov SE, Yanshole VV, Romanenko GV, Letyagin GA, Smirnova KA, Tolstikova TG, Bogomyakov AS, Ovcharenko VI. Novel pyridyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxides as potential antiarrhythmic and hypotensive agents with low toxicity and enhanced stability in aqueous solutions. Nitric Oxide 2024; 143:9-15. [PMID: 38096947 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the antiarrhythmic and hypotensive potential of pyridyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxides derivatives, uncovering the crucial role of a single carbon moiety of the pyridine cycle alongside radical and charged oxygen centers of the imidazoline fragment. Notably, the introduction of fluorine atoms diminished the antiarrhythmic effect, while the most potent derivatives featured the nitronyl nitroxide pattern positioned at the third site of the pyridine cycle. Gender-dependent responses were observed in lead compounds LCF3 and LMe, with LMe inducing temporary bradycardia and hypotension specifically in female rats, and LCF3 causing significant blood pressure reduction followed by rebound in females compared to milder effects in males. Mechanistic insights point towards β1 adrenoceptor blockade as an underlying mechanism, supported by experiments on isolated rat atria. This research underscores the interplay between structure, cardiovascular effects and gender-specific responses, offering insights for therapeutic strategies for treating free radical-associated cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Kolesnikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkadiy O Bryzgalov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrentieva prospect 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Svyatoslav E Tolstikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia; International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vadim V Yanshole
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Galina V Romanenko
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Gleb A Letyagin
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kristina A Smirnova
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrentieva prospect 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Artem S Bogomyakov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia; International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Victor I Ovcharenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia; International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institutskaya ulitsa 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Kamynina A, Guttzeit S, Eaton P, Cuello F. Nitroxyl Donor CXL-1020 Lowers Blood Pressure by Targeting C195 in Cyclic Guanosine-3',5'-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase I. Hypertension 2022; 79:946-956. [PMID: 35168371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that nitroxyl causes vasodilation, at least in part, by inducing the formation of an intradisulfide bond between C117 and C195 in the high affinity cyclic guanosine monophosphate-binding site of PKGI (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase I). The aim of this study was to determine whether nitroxyl donors lower blood pressure via this novel PKGI activation mechanism in vivo. METHODS To determine this, a C195S PKGI knock-in mouse model was generated that ubiquitously and constitutively expresses a mutant kinase resistant to nitroxyl-induced intradisulfide activation. RESULTS Knock-in and wild-type littermates did not differ in appearance, body weight, in PKGI protein expression or blood gas content. Organ weight was similar between genotypes apart from the cecum that was significantly enlarged in knock-in animals. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate monitored in vivo over 24 hours by radio-telemetry revealed neither a significant difference between genotypes at baseline nor during angiotensin II-induced hypertension or sepsis. CXL-1020, a clinically relevant nitroxyl donor, did not lower blood pressure in normotensive animals. In contrast, administering CXL-1020 to hypertensive wild-type mice reduced their blood pressure by 10±4 mm Hg (P=0.0184), whereas the knock-in littermates were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of C195 in PKGI contributes to the antihypertensive effects observed in response to nitroxyl donors, emphasising the potential importance of nitroxyl donors in pathological scenarios when cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels are reduced and insufficient to activate PKGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kamynina
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Sebastian Guttzeit
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (A.K., S.G., P.E.)
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (F.C.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (F.C.)
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HNO Protects the Myocardium against Reperfusion Injury, Inhibiting the mPTP Opening via PKCε Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020382. [PMID: 35204265 PMCID: PMC8869498 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Donors of nitroxyl (HNO), the one electron-reduction product of nitric oxide (NO.), positively modulate cardiac contractility/relaxation while limiting ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanisms underpinning HNO anti-ischemic effects remain poorly understood. Using isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to 30 min global ischemia/1 or 2 h reperfusion, here we tested whether, in analogy to NO., HNO protection requires PKCε translocation to mitochondria and KATP channels activation. To this end, we compared the benefits afforded by ischemic preconditioning (IPC; 3 cycles of I/R) with those eventually granted by the NO. donor, diethylamine/NO, DEA/NO, and two chemically unrelated HNO donors: Angeli’s salt (AS, a prototypic donor) and isopropylamine/NO (IPA/NO, a new HNO releaser). All donors were given for 19 min before I/R injury. In control I/R hearts (1 h reperfusion), infarct size (IS) measured via tetrazolium salt staining was 66 ± 5.5% of the area at risk. Both AS and IPA/NO were as effective as IPC in reducing IS [30.7 ± 2.2 (AS), 31 ± 2.9 (IPA/NO), and 31 ± 0.8 (IPC), respectively)], whereas DEA/NO was significantly less so (36.2 ± 2.6%, p < 0.001 vs. AS, IPA/NO, or IPC). IPA/NO protection was still present after 120 min of reperfusion, and the co-infusion with the PKCε inhibitor (PKCV1-2500 nM) prevented it (IS = 30 ± 0.5 vs. 61 ± 1.8% with IPA/NO alone, p < 0.01). Irrespective of the donor, HNO anti-ischemic effects were insensitive to the KATP channel inhibitor, 5-OH decanoate (5HD, 100 μM), that, in contrast, abrogated DEA/NO protection. Finally, both HNO donors markedly enhanced the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) ROS threshold over control levels (≅35–40%), an action again insensitive to 5HD. Our study shows that HNO donors inhibit mPTP opening, thus limiting myocyte loss at reperfusion, a beneficial effect that requires PKCε translocation to the mitochondria but not mitochondrial K+ channels activation.
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Fuschillo S, Palomba L, Capparelli R, Motta A, Maniscalco M. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Nice Pair in the Respiratory System. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7136-7148. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200310120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is internationally regarded as a signal molecule involved in several
functions in the respiratory tract under physiological and pathogenic conditions. Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S) has also recently been recognized as a new gasotransmitter with a diverse range of functions
similar to those of NO.
Depending on their respective concentrations, both these molecules act synergistically or antagonistically
as signals or damage promoters. Nevertheless, available evidence shows that the complex
biological connections between NO and H2S involve multiple pathways and depend on the site of
action in the respiratory tract, as well as on experimental conditions. This review will provide an
update on these two gasotransmitters in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fuschillo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Division of the Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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Guo Y, Xu J, Deng Y, Wu L, Wang J, An J. In vivo effects of nitrosyl hydrogen on cardiac function and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA2a) in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1795-1804. [PMID: 33381424 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal Ca2+ circulation in cardiomyocytes is an important cause of decreased myocardial contractility in failing hearts. Nitroxyl hydrogen (HNO) can oxidize Ca2+ cycle-related proteins, alter their biological functions, promote Ca2+ recovery as well as release, and enhance myocardial contractility. In this study, we aim to observe the effect of nitrosyl hydrogen (HNO) on the cardiac function of rats with heart failure and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods Twenty six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into heart failure group (HF group), Angeli's salt treatment group (HF + AS group) and sham operation group (Sham group). The HF + AS group rats were treated with HNO donor Angeli's salt by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg/d, and the rats in the HF group and the Sham group were given the same amount of normal saline. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography before and after treatment. NT-proBNP was measured by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit after treatment. Western blot were used to measure the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in protein levels in rats. The activities of SERCA2a were detected by the biochemical kit finally. Results We found that Nitrosyl hydrogen could significantly increase LVEF, +dp/dt, -dp/dt (P<0.05), significantly decrease NT-ProBNP and LVEDP (P<0.01), and significantly enhance the activities of SERCA2a protein (P<0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that Nitrosyl hydrogen could improve the cardiac function possibly by increasing protein activities of SERCA2a in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiyao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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7
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Gastreich-Seelig M, Jimenez M, Pouokam E. Mechanisms Associated to Nitroxyl (HNO)-Induced Relaxation in the Intestinal Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32581821 PMCID: PMC7283591 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of nitroxyl (HNO) donors in the gastrointestinal tract are unknown. We investigated the properties of this molecule in the regulation of gastrointestinal contractility focusing on its possible interaction with other gaseous signaling molecules such as NO and H2S. Organ bath, Ca2+ imaging, and microelectrode recordings were performed on rat intestinal samples, using Angeli’s salt as HNO donor. Angeli’s salt caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of longitudinal or circular muscle strips of the ileum and the proximal colon. This relaxation was strongly inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM), by the reducing agent DTT or by the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) ODQ (10 μM) alone or in combination with the inhibitors of the endogenous synthesis of H2S β-cyano-L-alanine (5 mM) and amino-oxyacetate (5 mM). Preventing endogenous synthesis of NO by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (200 μM) did not affect the relaxation induced by HNO. HNO induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in colonic myocytes. It also elicited myocyte membrane hyperpolarization that amounted to −10.6 ± 1.1 mV. ODQ (10 μM) and Apamin (1 μM), a selective inhibitor of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKca), strongly antagonized this effect. We conclude that HNO relaxes the gastrointestinal tract musculature by hyperpolarizing myocytes via activation of the sGC/cGMP pathway similarly to NO, not only inhibiting the RhoK and activating MLCP as do both NO and H2S but also increasing cytosolic Ca2+ for activation of SKCa contributing to hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gastreich-Seelig
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neurosciences Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ervice Pouokam
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Cannavo A, Koch WJ. GRK2 as negative modulator of NO bioavailability: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Signal 2017; 41:33-40. [PMID: 28077324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), initially identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), is a gaso-transmitter with important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. In the former, this diatomic molecule and free radical gas controls vascular tone and cardiac mechanics, among others. In the cardiovascular system, it is now understood that β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation is a key modulator of NO generation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the up-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in particular GRK2, that restrains βAR activity contributes to impaired cardiovascular functions via alteration of NO bioavailability. This review, will explore the specific interrelation between βARs, GRK2 and NO in the cardiovascular system and their inter-relationship for the pathogenesis of the onset of disease. Last, we will update the readers on the current status of GRK2 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure with an emphasis on their ability of rescuing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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10
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Millikin R, Bianco CL, White C, Saund SS, Henriquez S, Sosa V, Akaike T, Kumagai Y, Soeda S, Toscano JP, Lin J, Fukuto JM. The chemical biology of protein hydropersulfides: Studies of a possible protective function of biological hydropersulfide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:136-147. [PMID: 27242269 PMCID: PMC4996688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of significant hydropersulfide (RSSH) levels in mammalian tissues, fluids and cells has led to numerous questions regarding their possible physiological function. Cysteine hydropersulfides have been found in free cysteine, small molecule peptides as well as in proteins. Based on their chemical properties and likely cellular conditions associated with their biosynthesis, it has been proposed that they can serve a protective function. That is, hydropersulfide formation on critical thiols may protect them from irreversible oxidative or electrophilic inactivation. As a prelude to understanding the possible roles and functions of hydropersulfides in biological systems, this study utilizes primarily chemical experiments to delineate the possible mechanistic chemistry associated with cellular protection. Thus, the ability of hydropersulfides to protect against irreversible electrophilic and oxidative modification was examined. The results herein indicate that hydropersulfides are very reactive towards oxidants and electrophiles and are modified readily. However, reduction of these oxidized/modified species is facile generating the corresponding thiol, consistent with the idea that hydropersulfides can serve a protective function for thiol proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Millikin
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Christopher L Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Corey White
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Simran S Saund
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Stephanie Henriquez
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Victor Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuhei Soeda
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States.
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States.
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11
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Constantinides C, Murphy K. Molecular and Integrative Physiological Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia: The Paradigm of Cardiovascular Studies in Rodents using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:23. [PMID: 27525256 PMCID: PMC4965459 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To-this-date, the exact molecular, cellular, and integrative physiological mechanisms of anesthesia remain largely unknown. Published evidence indicates that anesthetic effects are multifocal and occur in a time-dependent and coordinated manner, mediated via central, local, and peripheral pathways. Their effects can be modulated by a range of variables, and their elicited end-effect on the integrative physiological response is highly variable. This review summarizes the major cellular and molecular sites of anesthetic action with a focus on the paradigm of isoflurane (ISO) - the most commonly used anesthetic nowadays - and its use in prolonged in vivo rodent studies using imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It also presents established evidence for normal ranges of global and regional physiological cardiac function under ISO, proposes optimal, practical methodologies relevant to the use of anesthetic protocols for MRI and outlines the beneficial effects of nitrous oxide supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Chi Biomedical Ltd., Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathy Murphy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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12
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Subedi H, Brasch NE. Mechanistic studies of the reactions of the reduced vitamin B12 derivatives with the HNO donor Piloty's acid: further evidence for oxidation of cob(I)alamin by (H)NO. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:352-60. [PMID: 26618754 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for the existence of HNO in biological systems. Compared with NO (˙NO), much less is known about the chemical and biochemical reactivity of HNO. Kinetic and mechanistic studies have been carried out on the reaction between the vitamin B12-derived radical complex cob(II)alamin (Cbl(II)˙, Cbl(II)) with the widely used HNO donor Piloty's acid (PA). A stoichiometry of 1 : 2 Cbl(II) : PA was obtained and PA decomposition to HNO and benzenesulfinate (C6H5SO2(-)) is the rate-determining step. No evidence was found for nitrite (Griess assay), ammonia (Nessler's test) or NH2OH (indooxine test) in the product solution, and it is likely that HNO is instead reduced to N2. A mechanism is proposed in which reduction of Cbl(II) by (H)NO results in formation of cob(I)alamin (Cbl(I)(-)) and ˙NO. The Cbl(I)(-) intermediate is subsequently oxidized back to Cbl(II) by a second (H)NO molecule, and Cbl(II) reacts rapidly with ˙NO to form nitroxylcobalamin (NOCbl). Separate studies on the reaction between Cbl(I)(-) and PA shows that this system involves an additional step in which Cbl(I)(-) is first oxidized by (H)NO to Cbl(II), which reacts further with (H)NO to form NOCbl, with an overall stoichiometry of 1 : 3 Cbl(I)(-) : PA. Experiments in the presence of nitrite for both systems support the involvement of a Cbl(I)(-) intermediate in the Cbl(II)/PA reaction. These systems provide the second example of oxidation of cob(I)alamin by (H)NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishchandra Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA and Division of Science, Mathematics, and Physical Education, Western Nebraska Community College, Scottsbluff, Nebraska 69361, USA
| | - Nicola E Brasch
- School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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13
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Interaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6904327. [PMID: 26640616 PMCID: PMC4657111 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6904327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically acknowledged as toxic gases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are now recognized as the predominant members of a new family of signaling molecules, “gasotransmitters” in mammals. While H2S is biosynthesized by three constitutively expressed enzymes (CBS, CSE, and 3-MST) from L-cysteine and homocysteine, NO is generated endogenously from L-arginine by the action of various isoforms of NOS. Both gases have been transpired as the key and independent regulators of many physiological functions in mammalian cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The analogy between these two gasotransmitters is evident not only from their paracrine mode of signaling, but also from the identical and/or shared signaling transduction pathways. With the plethora of research in the pathophysiological role of gasotransmitters in various systems, the existence of interplay between these gases is being widely accepted. Chemical interaction between NO and H2S may generate nitroxyl (HNO), which plays a specific effective role within the cardiovascular system. In this review article, we have attempted to provide current understanding of the individual and interactive roles of H2S and NO signaling in mammalian cardiovascular system, focusing particularly on heart contractility, cardioprotection, vascular tone, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
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Subedi H, Brasch NE. Studies on the Reaction of Reduced Vitamin B12Derivatives with the Nitrosyl Hydride (HNO) Donor Angeli's Salt: HNO Oxidizes the Transition-Metal Center of Cob(I)alamin. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Rhine MA, Sanders BC, Patra AK, Harrop TC. Overview and New Insights into the Thiol Reactivity of Coordinated NO in {MNO}6/7/8 (M = Fe, Co) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9351-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melody A. Rhine
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Brian C. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Todd C. Harrop
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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16
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Abstract
The loss of contractile function is a hallmark of heart failure. Although increasing intracellular Ca(2+) is a possible strategy for improving contraction, current inotropic agents that achieve this by raising intracellular cAMP levels, such as β-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, are generally deleterious when administered as long-term therapy due to arrhythmia and myocardial damage. Nitroxyl donors have been shown to improve cardiac function in normal and failing dogs, and in isolated cardiomyocytes they increase fractional shortening and Ca(2+) transients, independently from cAMP/PKA or cGMP/PKG signaling. Instead, nitroxyl targets cysteines in the EC-coupling machinery and myofilament proteins, reversibly modifying them to enhance Ca(2+) handling and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. Phase I-IIa trials with CXL-1020, a novel pure HNO donor, reported declines in left and right heart filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output and stroke volume index. These findings support the concept of nitroxyl donors as attractive agents for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.
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Subedi H, Hassanin HA, Brasch NE. Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Reaction of the Vitamin B12 Complex Aquacobalamin with the HNO Donor Angeli’s Salt: Angeli’s Salt and HNO React with Aquacobalamin. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1570-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402613z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanaa A. Hassanin
- Department
of Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Abbassia Square, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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18
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Cytotoxicity of nitroxyl (HNO/NO−) against normal and cancer human cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:262-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Pouokam E, Bell A, Diener M. Actions of Angeli's salt, a nitroxyl (HNO) donor, on ion transport across mucosa—submucosa preparations from rat distal colon. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Jackson MI, Fields HF, Lujan TS, Cantrell MM, Lin J, Fukuto JM. The effects of nitroxyl (HNO) on H₂O₂ metabolism and possible mechanisms of HNO signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:120-9. [PMID: 23988348 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) possesses unique and potentially important biological/physiological activity that is currently mechanistically ill-defined. Previous work has shown that the likely biological targets for HNO are thiol proteins, oxidized metalloproteins (i.e. ferric heme proteins) and, most likely, selenoproteins. Interestingly, these are the same classes of proteins that interact with H2O2. In fact, these classes of proteins not only react with H2O2, and thus potentially responsible for the signaling actions of H2O2, but are also responsible for the degradation of H2O2. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to speculate that HNO can affect H2O2 degradation by interacting with H2O2-degrading proteins possibly leading to an increase in H2O2-mediated signaling. Moreover, considering the commonality between HNO and H2O2 biological targets, it also seems likely that HNO-mediated signaling can also be due to reactivity at otherwise H2O2-reactive sites. Herein, it is found that HNO does indeed inhibit H2O2 degradation via inhibition of H2O2-metaboilizing proteins. Also, it is found that in a system known to be regulated by H2O2 (T cell activation), HNO behaves similarly to H2O2, indicating that HNO- and H2O2-signaling may be similar and/or intimately related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Jackson
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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21
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Bobko AA, Ivanov A, Khramtsov VV. Discriminative EPR detection of NO and HNO by encapsulated nitronyl nitroxides. Free Radic Res 2012; 47:74-81. [PMID: 23136998 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.746460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide, •NO, is one of the most important molecules in the biochemistry of living organisms. By contrast, nitroxyl, NO-, one-electron reduced analog of •NO which exists at physiological conditions in its protonated form, HNO, has been relatively overlooked. Recent data show that HNO might be produced endogenously and display unique biological effects. However, there is a lack of specific and quantitative methods of detection of endogenous HNO production. Here we present a new method for discriminative •NO and HNO detection by nitronyl nitroxides (NNs) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was found that NNs react with •NO and HNO with similar rate constants of about 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) but yield different products: imino nitroxides and the hydroxylamine of imino nitroxides, correspondingly. An EPR approach for discriminative •NO and HNO detection using liposome-encapsulated NNs was developed. The membrane barrier of liposomes protects NNs against reduction in biological systems while is permeable to both analytes, •NO and HNO. The sensitivity of this approach for the detection of the rates of •NO/HNO generation is about 1 nM/s. The application of encapsulated NNs for real-time discriminative •NO/HNO detection might become a valuable tool in nitric oxide-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Gao WD, Murray CI, Tian Y, Zhong X, DuMond JF, Shen X, Stanley BA, Foster DB, Wink DA, King SB, Van Eyk JE, Paolocci N. Nitroxyl-mediated disulfide bond formation between cardiac myofilament cysteines enhances contractile function. Circ Res 2012; 111:1002-11. [PMID: 22851540 PMCID: PMC3470471 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.270827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In the myocardium, redox/cysteine modification of proteins regulating Ca(2+) cycling can affect contraction and may have therapeutic value. Nitroxyl (HNO), the one-electron-reduced form of nitric oxide, enhances cardiac function in a manner that suggests reversible cysteine modifications of the contractile machinery. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of HNO modification in cardiac myofilament proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS The HNO-donor, 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate, was found to act directly on the myofilament proteins, increasing maximum force (F(max)) and reducing the concentration of Ca(2+) for 50% activation (Ca(50)) in intact and skinned cardiac muscles. The effects of 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate are reversible by reducing agents and distinct from those of another HNO donor, Angeli salt, which was previously reported to increase F(max) without affecting Ca50. Using a new mass spectrometry capture technique based on the biotin switch assay, we identified and characterized the formation by HNO of a disulfide-linked actin-tropomyosin and myosin heavy chain-myosin light chain 1. Comparison of the 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate and Angeli salt effects with the modifications induced by each donor indicated the actin-tropomyosin and myosin heavy chain-myosin light chain 1 interactions independently correlated with increased Ca(2+) sensitivity and force generation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HNO exerts a direct effect on cardiac myofilament proteins increasing myofilament Ca(2+) responsiveness by promoting disulfide bond formation between critical cysteine residues. These findings indicate a novel, redox-based modulation of the contractile apparatus, which positively impacts myocardial function, providing further mechanistic insight for HNO as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
| | - Christopher I. Murray
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150086, China
| | - Jenna F. DuMond
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
| | - Brian A. Stanley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - D. Brian Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD, 21205 USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06126 Italy
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23
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Bowman LAH, McLean S, Poole RK, Fukuto JM. The diversity of microbial responses to nitric oxide and agents of nitrosative stress close cousins but not identical twins. Adv Microb Physiol 2012; 59:135-219. [PMID: 22114842 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387661-4.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and related nitrogen species (reactive nitrogen species) now occupy a central position in contemporary medicine, physiology, biochemistry, and microbiology. In particular, NO plays important antimicrobial defenses in innate immunity but microbes have evolved intricate NO-sensing and defense mechanisms that are the subjects of a vast literature. Unfortunately, the burgeoning NO literature has not always been accompanied by an understanding of the intricacies and complexities of this radical and other reactive nitrogen species so that there exists confusion and vagueness about which one or more species exert the reported biological effects. The biological chemistry of NO and derived/related molecules is complex, due to multiple species that can be generated from NO in biological milieu and numerous possible reaction targets. Moreover, the fate and disposition of NO is always a function of its biological environment, which can vary significantly even within a single cell. In this review, we consider newer aspects of the literature but, most importantly, consider the underlying chemistry and draw attention to the distinctiveness of NO and its chemical cousins, nitrosonium (NO(+)), nitroxyl (NO(-), HNO), peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), nitrite (NO(2)(-)), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). All these species are reported to be generated in biological systems from initial formation of NO (from nitrite, NO synthases, or other sources) or its provision in biological experiments (typically from NO gas, S-nitrosothiols, or NO donor compounds). The major targets of NO and nitrosative damage (metal centers, thiols, and others) are reviewed and emphasis is given to newer "-omic" methods of unraveling the complex repercussions of NO and nitrogen oxide assaults. Microbial defense mechanisms, many of which are critical for pathogenicity, include the activities of hemoglobins that enzymically detoxify NO (to nitrate) and NO reductases and repair mechanisms (e.g., those that reverse S-nitrosothiol formation). Microbial resistance to these stresses is generally inducible and many diverse transcriptional regulators are involved-some that are secondary sensors (such as Fnr) and those that are "dedicated" (such as NorR, NsrR, NssR) in that their physiological function appears to be detecting primarily NO and then regulating expression of genes that encode enzymes with NO as a substrate. Although generally harmful, evidence is accumulating that NO may have beneficial effects, as in the case of the squid-Vibrio light-organ symbiosis, where NO serves as a signal, antioxidant, and specificity determinant. Progress in this area will require a thorough understanding not only of the biology but also of the underlying chemical principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A H Bowman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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A protective protein matrix improves the discrimination of nitroxyl from nitric oxide by MnIII protoporphyrinate IX in aerobic media. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1044-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R. Cline
- Department of Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N. Charles Street; Baltimore; MD; 21218; USA
| | - John P. Toscano
- Department of Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N. Charles Street; Baltimore; MD; 21218; USA
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26
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Cline MR, Tu C, Silverman DN, Toscano JP. Detection of nitroxyl (HNO) by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1274-9. [PMID: 21349325 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane inlet (or introduction) mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used to detect nitroxyl (HNO) in aqueous solution for the first time. The common HNO donors Angeli's salt (AS) and Piloty's acid (PA), along with a newly developed donor, 2-bromo-N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide (2-bromo-Piloty's acid, 2BrPA), were examined by this technique. MIMS experiments revealed that under physiological conditions 2BrPA is an essentially pure HNO donor, but AS produces a small amount of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, MIMS experiments also confirmed that PA is susceptible to oxidation and NO production, but that 2BrPA is not as prone to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith R Cline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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27
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Tocchetti CG, Stanley BA, Murray CI, Sivakumaran V, Donzelli S, Mancardi D, Pagliaro P, Gao WD, van Eyk J, Kass DA, Wink DA, Paolocci N. Playing with cardiac "redox switches": the "HNO way" to modulate cardiac function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1687-98. [PMID: 21235349 PMCID: PMC3066693 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO(•)) sibling, nitroxyl or nitrosyl hydride (HNO), is emerging as a molecule whose pharmacological properties include providing functional support to failing hearts. HNO also preconditions myocardial tissue, protecting it against ischemia-reperfusion injury while exerting vascular antiproliferative actions. In this review, HNO's peculiar cardiovascular assets are discussed in light of its unique chemistry that distinguish HNO from NO(•) as well as from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as the hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. Included here is a discussion of the possible routes of HNO formation in the myocardium and its chemical targets in the heart. HNO has been shown to have positive inotropic/lusitropic effects under normal and congestive heart failure conditions in animal models. The mechanistic intricacies of the beneficial cardiac effects of HNO are examined in cellular models. In contrast to β-receptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A-dependent enhancers of myocardial performance, HNO uses its "thiophylic" nature as a vehicle to interact with redox switches such as cysteines, which are located in key components of the cardiac electromechanical machinery ruling myocardial function. Here, we will briefly review new features of HNO's cardiovascular effects that when combined with its positive inotropic/lusitropic action may render HNO donors an attractive addition to the current therapeutic armamentarium for treating patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pagliaro P, Moro F, Tullio F, Perrelli MG, Penna C. Cardioprotective pathways during reperfusion: focus on redox signaling and other modalities of cell signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:833-50. [PMID: 20649460 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-ischemic reperfusion may result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO•), Ca(2+)overload, prolonged opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and other processes contributing to cell death, myocardial infarction, stunning, and arrhythmias. With the discovery of the preconditioning and postconditioning phenomena, reperfusion injury has been appreciated as a reality from which protection is feasible, especially with postconditioning, which is under the control of physicians. Potentially cooperative protective signaling cascades are recruited by both pre- and postconditioning. In these pathways, phosphorylative/dephosphorylative processes are widely represented. However, cardioprotective modalities of signal transduction also include redox signaling by ROS, S-nitrosylation by NO• and derivative, S-sulfhydration by hydrogen sulfide, and O-linked glycosylation with beta-N-acetylglucosamine. All these modalities can interact and regulate an entire pathway, thus influencing each other. For instance, enzymes can be phosphorylated and/or nitrosylated in specific and/or different site(s) with consequent increase or decrease of their specific activity. The cardioprotective signaling pathways are thought to converge on mitochondria, and various mitochondrial proteins have been identified as targets of these post-transitional modifications in both pre- and postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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29
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Andrei D, Salmon DJ, Donzelli S, Wahab A, Klose JR, Citro ML, Saavedra JE, Wink DA, Miranda KM, Keefer LK. Dual mechanisms of HNO generation by a nitroxyl prodrug of the diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) class. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16526-32. [PMID: 21033665 PMCID: PMC2984372 DOI: 10.1021/ja106552p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel caged form of the highly reactive bioeffector molecule, nitroxyl (HNO). Reacting the labile nitric oxide (NO)- and HNO-generating salt of structure iPrHN-N(O)═NO(-)Na(+) (1, IPA/NO) with BrCH(2)OAc produced a stable derivative of structure iPrHN-N(O)═NO-CH(2)OAc (2, AcOM-IPA/NO), which hydrolyzed an order of magnitude more slowly than 1 at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Hydrolysis of 2 to generate HNO proceeded by at least two mechanisms. In the presence of esterase, straightforward dissociation to acetate, formaldehyde, and 1 was the dominant path. In the absence of enzyme, free 1 was not observed as an intermediate and the ratio of NO to HNO among the products approached zero. To account for this surprising result, we propose a mechanism in which base-induced removal of the N-H proton of 2 leads to acetyl group migration from oxygen to the neighboring nitrogen, followed by cleavage of the resulting rearrangement product to isopropanediazoate ion and the known HNO precursor, CH(3)-C(O)-NO. The trappable yield of HNO from 2 was significantly enhanced over 1 at physiological pH, in part because the slower rate of hydrolysis for 2 generated a correspondingly lower steady-state concentration of HNO, thus, minimizing self-consumption and enhancing trapping by biological targets such as metmyoglobin and glutathione. Consistent with the chemical trapping efficiency data, micromolar concentrations of prodrug 2 displayed significantly more potent sarcomere shortening effects relative to 1 on ventricular myocytes isolated from wild-type mouse hearts, suggesting that 2 may be a promising lead compound for the development of heart failure therapies.
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Kovacic P, Edwards CL. Hydroxamic acids (therapeutics and mechanism): chemistry, acyl nitroso, nitroxyl, reactive oxygen species, and cell signaling. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2010; 31:10-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2010.497152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Kohr MJ, Kaludercic N, Tocchetti CG, Dong Gao W, Kass DA, Janssen PML, Paolocci N, Ziolo MT. Nitroxyl enhances myocyte Ca2+ transients by exclusively targeting SR Ca2+-cycling. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2010; 2:614-26. [PMID: 20036906 DOI: 10.2741/e118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), the 1-electron reduction product of nitric oxide, improves myocardial contraction in normal and failing hearts. Here we test whether the HNO donor Angeli's salt (AS) will change myocyte action potential (AP) waveform by altering the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) and contrast the contractile effects of HNO with that of the hydroxyl radical (.OH) and nitrite (NO2-), two potential breakdown products of AS. We confirmed the positive effect of AS/HNO on basal cardiomyocyte function, as opposed to the detrimental effect of .OH and the negligible effect of NO2-. Upon examination of the myocyte AP, we observed no change in resting membrane potential or AP duration to 20 per cent repolarization with AS/HNO, whereas AP duration to 90 per cent repolarization was slightly prolonged. However, perfusion with AS/HNO did not elicit a change in basal ICa, but did hasten ICa inactivation. Upon further examination of the SR, the AS/HNO-induced increase in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ transients was abolished with inhibition of SR Ca2+-cycling. Therefore, the HNO-induced increase in Ca2+ transients results exclusively from changes in SR Ca2+-cycling, and not from ICa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kohr
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Martin W. Nitroxyl anion--the universal signalling partner of endogenously produced nitric oxide? Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:537-9. [PMID: 19630833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is generally assumed that the primary product of the three isoforms of NO synthase is the nitric oxide radical (NO(*)), growing evidence suggests that the one-electron reduced form of nitrogen monoxide, nitroxyl anion (NO(-)), may be a natural co-product. Thus, evidence from conduit and resistance arteries and nitrergically innervated tissues indicates that NO(-) exerts widespread signalling functions alongside NO(*) in the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, and perhaps beyond. In this issue of the BJP Andrews et al. add to this debate by providing strong evidence that NO(*) and HNO both contribute to the EDRF-mediated component of in mouse (MMA) and rat (RMA) mesenteric resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Martin
- Integrative & Systems Biology, Faculty of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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33
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Sanchez-Cruz P, Alegría AE. Quinone-enhanced reduction of nitric oxide by xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:818-23. [PMID: 19301825 DOI: 10.1021/tx800392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quinones 1,4-naphthoquinone, methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, and 9,10-phenanthraquinone enhance the rate of nitric oxide reduction by xanthine/xanthine oxidase in nitrogen-saturated phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Maximum initial rates of NO reduction (V(max)) and the amount of nitrous oxide produced after 5 min of reaction increase with quinone one- and two-electron redox potentials measured in acetonitrile. One of the most active quinones of those studied is 9,10-phenanthraquinone with a V(max) value 10 times larger than that corresponding to the absence of quinone, under the conditions of this work. Because NO production is enhanced under hypoxia and under certain pathological conditions, the observations obtained in this work are very relevant to such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sanchez-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791
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Paolocci N, Wink DA. The shy Angeli and his elusive creature: the HNO route to vasodilation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1217-20. [PMID: 19286958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00243.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Favaloro JL, Kemp-Harper BK. Redox variants of NO (NO{middle dot} and HNO) elicit vasorelaxation of resistance arteries via distinct mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1274-80. [PMID: 19252101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00008.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The free radical form of nitric oxide (NO(.)) is a well-known mediator of vascular tone. What is not so well recognized is that NO(.) exists in several different redox forms. There is considerable evidence that NO(.) and its one-electron reduction product, nitroxyl (HNO), have pharmacologically distinct actions that extend into the regulation of the vasculature. The aim of this study was to compare the vasorelaxation mechanisms of HNO and NO(.), including an examination of the ability of these redox variants to hyperpolarize and repolarize vascular smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric arteries. The HNO donor Angeli's salt (0.1 nM-10 microM) caused a concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of vessels at resting tone and a simultaneous, concentration-dependent vasorelaxation and repolarization of vessels precontracted and depolarized with methoxamine. Both vasorelaxation and repolarization responses to Angeli's salt were significantly attenuated by both the HNO scavenger l-cysteine (3 mM) and the voltage-dependent K(+) (K(v)) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1 mM) and virtually abolished by the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM) or 30 mM K(+). In contrast, NO(.) (0.01-1 microM) repolarized arteries to a lesser extent than HNO, and these responses were resistant to inhibition by ODQ (10 microM) and 4-AP (1 mM). Blockade of K(v) channels (1 mM 4-AP) also significantly inhibited the repolarization response to YC-1 (0.1-10 microM), confirming a role for sGC/cGMP in the activation of K(v) channels in this preparation. We conclude that HNO causes vasorelaxation via a cGMP-dependent activation of K(v) channels and that there are different profiles of vasorelaxant activity for the redox siblings HNO and NO(.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Favaloro
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Univ., PO Box 71, Bundoora West, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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Cardioprotection: a radical view Free radicals in pre and postconditioning. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:781-93. [PMID: 19248760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of brief (a few minutes) ischemia/reperfusion cycles (ischemic preconditioning, IP) limits myocardial injury produced by a subsequent prolonged period of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Postconditioning (PostC), which is a series of brief (a few seconds) reperfusion/ischemia cycles at reperfusion onset, attenuates also ischemia/reperfusion injury. In recent years the main idea has been that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential, though double-edged, role in cardioprotection: they may participate in reperfusion injury or may play a role as signaling elements of protection in the pre-ischemic phase. It has been demonstrated that preconditioning triggering is redox-sensitive, using either ROS scavengers or ROS generators. We have shown that nitroxyl triggers preconditioning via pro-oxidative, and/or nitrosative stress-related mechanism(s). Several metabolites, including acetylcholine, bradykinin, opioids and phenylephrine, trigger preconditioning-like protection via a mitochondrial K(ATP)-ROS-dependent mechanism. Intriguingly, and contradictory to the above mentioned theory of ROS as an obligatory part of reperfusion-induced damage, some studies suggest the possibility that some ROS at low concentrations could protect ischemic hearts against reperfusion injury. Yet, we demonstrated that ischemic PostC is also a cardioprotective phenomenon that requires the intervention of redox signaling to be protective. Emerging evidence suggests that in a preconditioning scenario a redox signal is required during the first few minutes of myocardial reperfusion following the index ischemic period. Intriguingly, the ROS signaling in the early reperfusion appear crucial to both preconditioning- and postconditioning-induced protection. Therefore, our and others' results suggest that the role of ROS in reperfusion may be reconsidered as they are not only deleterious.
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Irvine JC, Ritchie RH, Favaloro JL, Andrews KL, Widdop RE, Kemp-Harper BK. Nitroxyl (HNO): the Cinderella of the nitric oxide story. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29:601-8. [PMID: 18835046 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, most of the biological effects of nitric oxide (NO) have been attributed to its uncharged state (NO*), yet NO can also exist in the reduced state as nitroxyl (HNO or NO(-)). Putatively generated from both NO synthase (NOS)-dependent and -independent sources, HNO is rapidly emerging as a novel entity with distinct pharmacology and therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling, NO*. Thus, unlike NO*, HNO can target cardiac sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptors to increase myocardial contractility, can interact directly with thiols and is resistant to both scavenging by superoxide (*O2-) and tolerance development. HNO donors are protective in the setting of heart failure in which NO donors have minimal impact. Here, we discuss the unique pharmacology of HNO versus NO* and highlight the therapeutic potential of HNO donors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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