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Chakraborty S, Feng Z, Lee S, Alvarenga OE, Panda A, Bruni R, Khelashvili G, Gupta K, Accardi A. Structure and function of the human apoptotic scramblase Xkr4. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.07.607004. [PMID: 39149361 PMCID: PMC11326236 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.607004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine externalization on the surface of dying cells is a key signal for their recognition and clearance by macrophages and is mediated by members of the X-Kell related (Xkr) protein family. Defective Xkr-mediated scrambling impairs clearance, leading to inflammation. It was proposed that activation of the Xkr4 apoptotic scramblase requires caspase cleavage, followed by dimerization and ligand binding. Here, using a combination of biochemical approaches we show that purified monomeric, full-length human Xkr4 (hXkr4) scrambles lipids. CryoEM imaging shows that hXkr4 adopts a novel conformation, where three conserved acidic residues create an electronegative surface embedded in the membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations show this conformation induces membrane thinning, which could promote scrambling. Thinning is ablated or reduced in conditions where scrambling is abolished or reduced. Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of hXkr4 scrambling and suggests the ability to thin membranes might be a general property of active scramblases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhang Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Omar E. Alvarenga
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Aniruddha Panda
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Renato Bruni
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ), New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Kallol Gupta
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alessio Accardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College
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Wang YC, Tsai CH, Wang YC, Yen LC, Chang YW, Sun JR, Lin TY, Chiu CH, Chao YC, Chang FY. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than spike protein, triggers a cytokine storm originating from lung epithelial cells in patients with COVID-19. Infection 2024; 52:955-983. [PMID: 38133713 PMCID: PMC11143065 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may initiate cytokine cascades and correlate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with their serum cytokine profiles. METHODS Recombinant baculoviruses displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike or nucleocapsid protein were constructed and transfected into A549 cells and THP-1-derived macrophages, to determine which protein initiate cytokine release. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and cytokine profiles of patients with COVID-19 were determined, and the results were associated with their clinical characteristics, such as development of pneumonia or length of hospital stay. RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, rather than the spike protein, triggers lung epithelial A549 cells to express IP-10, RANTES, IL-16, MIP-1α, basic FGF, eotaxin, IL-15, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, VEGF-A, and IL-5. Additionally, serum CTACK, basic FGF, GRO-α, IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-2Rα, IL-9, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IP-10, M-CSF, MIF, MIG, RANTES, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF, PDGF-BB, TRAIL, β-NGF, eotaxin, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, INF-γ, and MCP-1 levels were considerably increased in patients with COVID-19. Among them, patients with pneumonia had higher serum IP-10 and M-CSF levels than patients without. Patients requiring less than 3 weeks to show negative COVID-19 tests after contracting COVID-19 had higher serum IP-10 levels than the remaining patients. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that nucleocapsid protein, lung epithelial cells, and IP-10 may be potential targets for the development of new strategies to prevent, or control, severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 32551, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Nature Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Yee Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11499, Taiwan, ROC
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McDonald B, Schmidt MHH. Structure, function, and recombinant production of EGFL7. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2023-0358. [PMID: 38805373 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The secreted factor Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) is involved in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as neurogenesis. Importantly, EGFL7 is also implicated in various pathological conditions, including tumor angiogenesis in human cancers. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which EGFL7 regulates and promotes blood vessel formation is of clear practical importance. One principle means by which EGFL7's function is investigated is via the expression and purification of the recombinant protein. This mini-review describes three methods used to produce recombinant EGFL7 protein. First, a brief overview of EGFL7's genetics, structure, and function is provided. This is followed by an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of three common expression systems used in the production of recombinant EGFL7; (i) Escherichia coli (E. coli), (ii) human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or other mammalian cells, and (iii) a baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression system. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression currently has the advantages of producing active recombinant EGFL7 in the native conformation with the presence of acceptable posttranslational modifications, while providing sufficient yield and stability for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Haymour L, Pennarubia F, Le Faou CC, Pinault E, Germot A, Maftah A, Legardinier S. POFUT1-mediated O-fucosylation of glycoproteins expressed in the baculovirus Sf9 insect cell expression system. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:53-64. [PMID: 38070779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system allows addition of O-fucose to EGF-like domains of glycoproteins, following the action of the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 named POFUT1. In this study, recombinant Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells was compared to recombinant Mus musculus POFUT1 produced by CHO cells. Contrary to recombinant murine POFUT1 carrying two hybrid and/or complex type N-glycans, Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 exhibited paucimannose N-glycans, at least on its highly evolutionary conserved across Metazoa NRT site. The abilities of both recombinant enzymes to add in vitro O -fucose to EGF-like domains of three different recombinant mammalian glycoproteins were then explored. In vitro POFUT1-mediated O-fucosylation experiments, followed by click chemistry and blot analyses, showed that Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 was able to add O-fucose to mouse NOTCH1 EGF-like 26 and WIF1 EGF-like 3 domains, similarly to the murine counterpart. As proved by mass spectrometry, full-length human WNT Inhibitor Factor 1 expressed by Sf9 cells was also modified with O-fucose. However, Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 was unable to modify the single EGF-like domain of mouse PAMR1 with O-fucose, contrary to murine POFUT1. Absence of orthologous proteins such as PAMR1 in insects may explain the enzyme's difficulty in adding O-fucose to a domain that it never encounters naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haymour
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Limoges 22722, France
| | | | | | - Emilie Pinault
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, Limoges F-87000, France
| | - Agnès Germot
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Limoges 22722, France
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Rangarajan S, von Berg G, Allen H, Mitchell C. Protein Production at the 100L Scale. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2829:195-202. [PMID: 38951335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3961-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) has revolutionized the field of recombinant protein expression by enabling efficient and high yield production. The platform offers many advantages including manufacturing speed, flexible design, and scalability. In this chapter, we describe the methods including strategies and considerations to successfully optimize and scale-up using BEVS as a tool for production (Fig. 1). As an illustrative case study, we present an example focused on the production of a viral glycoprotein.
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Asensio-Cob D, Rodríguez JM, Luque D. Rotavirus Particle Disassembly and Assembly In Vivo and In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:1750. [PMID: 37632092 PMCID: PMC10458742 DOI: 10.3390/v15081750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are non-enveloped multilayered dsRNA viruses that are major etiologic agents of diarrheal disease in humans and in the young in a large number of animal species. The viral particle is composed of three different protein layers that enclose the segmented dsRNA genome and the transcriptional complexes. Each layer defines a unique subparticle that is associated with a different phase of the replication cycle. Thus, while single- and double-layered particles are associated with the intracellular processes of selective packaging, genome replication, and transcription, the viral machinery necessary for entry is located in the third layer. This modular nature of its particle allows rotaviruses to control its replication cycle by the disassembly and assembly of its structural proteins. In this review, we examine the significant advances in structural, molecular, and cellular RV biology that have contributed during the last few years to illuminating the intricate details of the RV particle disassembly and assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Asensio-Cob
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada;
| | - Javier M. Rodríguez
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Luque
- Electron Microscopy Unit UCCT/ISCIII, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Park S, Chin-Hun Kuo J, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Recombinant mucin biotechnology and engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 193:114618. [PMID: 36375719 PMCID: PMC10253230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins represent a largely untapped class of polymeric building block for biomaterials, therapeutics, and other biotechnology. Because the mucin polymer backbone is genetically encoded, sequence-specific mucins with defined physical and biochemical properties can be fabricated using recombinant technologies. The pendent O-glycans of mucins are increasingly implicated in immunomodulation, suppression of pathogen virulence, and other biochemical activities. Recent advances in engineered cell production systems are enabling the scalable synthesis of recombinant mucins with precisely tuned glycan side chains, offering exciting possibilities to tune the biological functionality of mucin-based products. New metabolic and chemoenzymatic strategies enable further tuning and functionalization of mucin O-glycans, opening new possibilities to expand the chemical diversity and functionality of mucin building blocks. In this review, we discuss these advances, and the opportunities for engineered mucins in biomedical applications ranging from in vitro models to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Engineering Mechanical Strong Biomaterials Inspired by Structural Building Blocks in Nature. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sari-Ak D, Alomari O, Shomali RA, Lim J, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB. Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 for the Baculovirus Vector System: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2022; 15:54. [PMID: 36680093 PMCID: PMC9864449 DOI: 10.3390/v15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector systems (BEVS) have been widely used for the recombinant production of proteins in insect cells and with high insert capacity. However, baculovirus does not replicate in mammalian cells; thus, the BacMam system, a heterogenous expression system that can infect certain mammalian cells, was developed. Since then, the BacMam system has enabled transgene expression via mammalian-specific promoters in human cells, and later, the MultiBacMam system enabled multi-protein expression in mammalian cells. In this review, we will cover the continual development of the BEVS in combination with CRPISPR-Cas technologies to drive genome-editing in mammalian cells. Additionally, we highlight the use of CRISPR-Cas in glycoengineering to potentially produce a new class of glycoprotein medicines in insect cells. Moreover, we anticipate CRISPR-Cas9 to play a crucial role in the development of protein expression systems, gene therapy, and advancing genome engineering applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omar Alomari
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.A.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Raghad Al Shomali
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey; (O.A.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj
- Synthetic Nanobiotechnology and Biomachines Group, Synthetic Biology and Precision Medicine Centre, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Wai CYY, Leung NYH, Leung ASY, Ngai SM, Pacharn P, Yau YS, Rosa Duque JSD, Kwan M, Jirapongsananuruk O, Chan WH, Chua G, Lee QU, Piboonpocanun S, Ho PK, Wong JC, Li S, Xu KJY, Wong GWK, Chu K, Leung PSC, Vichyanond P, Leung TF. Comprehending the allergen repertoire of shrimp for precision molecular diagnosis of shrimp allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:3041-3051. [PMID: 35567339 PMCID: PMC9795902 DOI: 10.1111/all.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical management of shrimp allergy is hampered by the lack of accurate tests. Molecular diagnosis has been shown to more accurately reflect the clinical reactivity but the full spectrum of shrimp allergens and their clinical relevance are yet to be established. We therefore sought to comprehend the allergen repertoire of shrimp, investigate and compare the sensitization pattern and diagnostic value of the allergens in allergic subjects of two distinct populations. METHODS Sera were collected from 85 subjects with challenge-proven or doctor-diagnosed shrimp allergy in Hong Kong and Thailand. The IgE-binding proteins of Penaeus monodon were probed by Western blotting and identified by mass spectrometry. Recombinant shrimp allergens were synthesized and analyzed for IgE sensitization by ELISA. RESULTS Ten IgE-binding proteins were identified, and a comprehensive panel of 11 recombinant shrimp allergens was generated. The major shrimp allergens among Hong Kong subjects were troponin C (Pen m 6) and glycogen phosphorylase (Pen m 14, 47.1%), tropomyosin (Pen m 1, 41.2%) and sarcoplasmic-calcium binding protein (Pen m 4, 35.3%), while those among Thai subjects were Pen m 1 (68.8%), Pen m 6 (50.0%) and fatty acid-binding protein (Pen m 13, 37.5%). Component-based tests yielded significantly higher area under curve values (0.77-0.96) than shrimp extract-IgE test (0.70-0.75). Yet the best component test differed between populations; Pen m 1-IgE test added diagnostic value only in the Thai cohort, whereas sensitizations to other components were better predictors of shrimp allergy in Hong Kong patients. CONCLUSION Pen m 14 was identified as a novel shrimp allergen predictive of challenge outcome. Molecular diagnosis better predicts shrimp allergy than conventional tests, but the relevant component is population dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y. Y. Wai
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Nicki Y. H. Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Agnes S. Y. Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina,School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Punchama Pacharn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineSiriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Yat Sun Yau
- Department of PaediatricsQueen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Jaime Sou Da Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Mike Y. W. Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicinePrincess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Orathai Jirapongsananuruk
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineSiriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Wai Hung Chan
- Department of PaediatricsQueen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Gilbert T. Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qun Ui Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicinePrincess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai HospitalHong KongChina
| | | | - Po Ki Ho
- Department of PaediatricsQueen Elizabeth HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Joshua S. C. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicinePrincess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai HospitalHong KongChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kary J. Y. Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Gary W. K. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pakit Vichyanond
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineSiriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkokThailand,Samitivej Allergy InstituteSamitivej Thonburi HospitalBangkokThailand
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric ExcellenceThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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Fan Y, Wei J, Wang W, Li C, Pan G, Keiffer T, Bao J, Zhou Z. Utilization of Recombinant Baculovirus Expression System to Produce the RBD Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Pathogens 2022; 11:672. [PMID: 35745526 PMCID: PMC9228350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous outbreaks of viral diseases in humans facilitates a need for the rapid development of viral test kits and vaccines. These require expression systems to produce a pure and high yield of target viral proteins. We utilized a baculovirus-silkworm expression system to produce the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. First, we had to develop a strategy for constructing a recombinant baculovirus for RBD expression. For this, the coding region of the Bombyx mori cypovirus (BmCPV) polyhedron was assembled with the Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) promoter. We demonstrated that the recombinant baculovirus has the ability to form polyhedrons within host silkworm cells. In addition, the encapsulated BVs are able to infect silkworms by ingestion and induce foreign protein expression. In this way, we utilized this novel system to obtain a high yield of the target foreign protein, the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. However, the viral infection rate of our recombinant BV needs to be improved. Our study shed light on developing a highly efficient expression system for the production of antigens and subsequent immunoassays and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youpeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Timothy Keiffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 71130, USA;
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (C.L.); (G.P.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400038, China
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12
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Das PK, Sahoo A, Dasu VV. Current status, and the developments of hosts and expression systems for the production of recombinant human cytokines. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107969. [PMID: 35525478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines consist of peptides, proteins and glycoproteins, which are biological signaling molecules, and boost cell-cell communication in immune reactions to stimulate cellular movements in the place of trauma, inflammation and infection. Recombinant cytokines are designed in such a way that they have generalized immunostimulation action or stimulate specific immune cells when the body encounters immunosuppressive signals from exogenous pathogens or other tumor microenvironments. Recombinant cytokines have improved the treatment processes for numerous diseases. They are also beneficial against novel toxicities that arise due to pharmacologic immunostimulators that lead to an imbalance in the regulation of cytokine. So, the production and use of recombinant human cytokines as therapeutic proteins are significant for medical treatment purposes. For the improved production of recombinant human cytokines, the development of host cells such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, insect, mammal and transgenic plants, and the specific expression systems for individual hosts is necessary. The recent advancements in the field of genetic engineering are beneficial for easy and efficient genetic manipulations for hosts as well as expression cassettes. The use of metabolic engineering and systems biology approaches have tremendous applications in recombinant protein production by generating mathematical models, and analyzing complex biological networks and metabolic pathways via simulations to understand the interconnections between metabolites and genetic behaviors. Further, the bioprocess developments and the optimization of cell culture conditions would enhance recombinant cytokines productivity on large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Das
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ansuman Sahoo
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Veeranki Venkata Dasu
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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13
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Struble LR, Smith AL, Lutz WE, Grubbs G, Sagar S, Bayles KW, Radhakrishnan P, Khurana S, El‐Gamal D, Borgstahl GEO. Insect cell expression and purification of recombinant SARS-COV-2 spike proteins that demonstrate ACE2 binding. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4300. [PMID: 35481636 PMCID: PMC8996471 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to socio-economic shutdowns and the loss of over 5 million lives worldwide. There is a need for the identification of therapeutic targets to treat COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spike is a target of interest for the development of therapeutic targets. We developed a robust SARS-CoV-2 S spike expression and purification protocol from insect cells and studied four recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein constructs based on the original SARS-CoV-2 sequence using a baculovirus expression system: a spike protein receptor-binding domain that includes the SD1 domain (RBD) coupled to a fluorescent tag (S-RBD-eGFP), spike ectodomain coupled to a fluorescent tag (S-Ecto-eGFP), spike ectodomain with six proline mutations and a foldon domain (S-Ecto-HexaPro(+F)), and spike ectodomain with six proline mutations without the foldon domain (S-Ecto-HexaPro(-F)). We tested the yield of purified protein expressed from the insect cell lines Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) and Trichoplusia ni (Tni) and compared it to previous research using mammalian cell lines to determine changes in protein yield. We demonstrated quick and inexpensive production of functional glycosylated spike protein of high purity capable of recognizing and binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. To further confirm functionality, we demonstrate binding of eGFP fused construct of the spike ectodomain (S-Ecto-eGFP) to surface ACE2 receptors on lung epithelial cells by flow cytometry analysis and show that it can be decreased by means of receptor manipulation (blockade or downregulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Struble
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Audrey L. Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - William E. Lutz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)FDASilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Bayles
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)FDASilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Dalia El‐Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied DiseasesUniversity of Nebraska Media CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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14
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Lu B, Tang Q, Wang Q, Liu X, Peng H, Zhu B, Xie L, Li Z, Wang H, Zheng Z, Wang L, Li B. Recovery Infectious Enterovirus 71 by Bac-to-Bac Expression System in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825111. [PMID: 35356523 PMCID: PMC8959925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important etiological agents for hand-foot-mouth disease. Compared with coxsackievirus A16 infection, EV71 infection is often associated with severe central nervous system complications, such as encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and acute flaccid paralysis in infants and young children. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus with T7 ribonucleic acid polymerase under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter and simultaneously engineered the T7 promoter upstream of a full-length EV71 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. After transduction into mammalian cells, typical cytopathic effects (CPEs) and VP1 signals were detected in cells transfected with recombinant baculovirus. Additionally, viral particles located in the cytoplasm of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (Rd) and Vero cells were observed by electron microscope, indicating that EV71 was recovered using a Bac-to-Bac expression system in vitro. After four passages, the rescued virus had a growth curve and plaque morphology similar to those of the parental virus. Furthermore, the Vp1 gene and the protein from the mouse brain were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry after intracerebral injection of purified recombinant baculovirus. Typical CPEs were observed after inoculation of the supernatant from mouse brain to Rd cells, revealing a reconstruction of EV71 in vivo. Thus, we established a new approach to rescue EV71 based on a baculovirus expression system in vitro and in vivo, which may provide a safe and convenient platform for fundamental research and a strategy to rescue viruses that currently lack suitable cell culture and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianyun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linding Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Comprehensive Lab, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Flachner B, Dobi K, Benedek A, Cseh S, Lőrincz Z, Hajdú I. Robust Recombinant Expression of Human Placental Ribonuclease Inhibitor in Insect Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020273. [PMID: 35204774 PMCID: PMC8961516 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease inhibitors (RIs) are an indispensable biotechnological tool for the detection and manipulation of RNA. Nowadays, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, highly sensitive detection of RNA has become more important than ever. Although the recombinant expression of RNase inhibitors is possible in E. coli, the robust expression is complicated by maintaining the redox potential and solubility by various expression tags. In the present paper we describe the expression of RI in baculovirus-infected High Five cells in large scale utilizing a modified transfer vector combining the beneficial properties of Profinity Exact Tag and pONE system. The recombinant RI is expressed at a high level in a fusion form, which is readily cleaved during on-column chromatography. A subsequent anion exchange chromatography was used as a polishing step to yield 12 mg native RI per liter of culture. RI expressed in insect cells shows higher thermal stability than the commercially available RI products (mainly produced in E. coli) based on temperature-dependent RNase inhibition studies. The endotoxin-free RI variant may also be applied in future therapeutics as a safe additive to increase mRNA stability in mRNA-based vaccines.
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16
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Kolesnikova O, Zachayus A, Pichard S, Osz J, Rochel N, Rossolillo P, Kolb-Cheynel I, Troffer-Charlier N, Compe E, Bensaude O, Berger I, Poterszman A. HR-Bac, a toolbox based on homologous recombination for expression, screening and production of multiprotein complexes using the baculovirus expression system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2030. [PMID: 35132103 PMCID: PMC8821708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baculovirus/insect cell expression system is a powerful technology for reconstitution of eukaryotic macromolecular assemblies. Most multigene expression platforms rely on Tn7-mediated transposition for transferring the expression cassette into the baculoviral genome. This allows a rigorous characterization of recombinant bacmids but involves multiple steps, a limitation when many constructs are to be tested. For parallel expression screening and potential high throughput applications, we have established an open source multigene-expression toolbox exploiting homologous recombination, thus reducing the recombinant baculovirus generation to a single-step procedure and shortening the time from cloning to protein production to 2 weeks. The HR-bac toolbox is composed of a set of engineered bacmids expressing a fluorescent marker to monitor virus propagation and a library of transfer vectors. They contain single or dual expression cassettes bearing different affinity tags and their design facilitates the mix and match utilization of expression units from Multibac constructs. The overall cost of virus generation with HR-bac toolbox is relatively low as the preparation of linearized baculoviral DNA only requires standard reagents. Various multiprotein assemblies (nuclear hormone receptor heterodimers, the P-TEFb or the ternary CAK kinase complex associated with the XPD TFIIH subunit) are used as model systems to validate the toolbox presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kolesnikova
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Zachayus
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Simon Pichard
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Judit Osz
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Paola Rossolillo
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Kolb-Cheynel
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Troffer-Charlier
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuel Compe
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Olivier Bensaude
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Imre Berger
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.,Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, School of Biochemistry, 1 Tankard's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Illkirch, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U964, Illkirch, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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17
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Vaitsopoulou A, Depping P, Bill RM, Goddard AD, Rothnie AJ. Membrane Protein Production in Insect Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2507:223-240. [PMID: 35773585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2368-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are an essential part of the machinery of life. They connect the interior and exterior of cells, play an important role in cell signaling and are responsible for the influx and efflux of nutrients and metabolites. For their structural and functional analysis high yields of correctly folded and modified protein are needed. Insect cells, such as Sf9 cells, have been one of the major expression hosts for eukaryotic membrane proteins in structural investigations during the last decade, as they are easier to handle than mammalian cells and provide more natural posttranslational modifications than microbial systems. Here we describe general techniques for establishing and maintaining insect cell cultures, the generation and amplification of recombinant baculovirus stocks using the flashBAC™ or Bac-to-Bac™ systems, membrane protein production, as well as the production of membrane preparations for extraction and purification experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peer Depping
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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18
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Characterization of Phosphorylation Status and Kinase Activity of Src Family Kinases Expressed in Cell-Based and Cell-Free Protein Expression Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101448. [PMID: 34680080 PMCID: PMC8533471 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of heterologous proteins is an important procedure for biologists in basic and applied sciences. A variety of cell-based and cell-free protein expression systems are available to achieve this. The expression system must be selected carefully, especially for target proteins that require post-translational modifications. In this study, human Src family kinases were prepared using six different protein expression systems: 293 human embryonic kidney cells, Escherichia coli, and cell-free expression systems derived from rabbit reticulocytes, wheat germ, insect cells, or Escherichia coli. The phosphorylation status of each kinase was analyzed by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. The kinase activities were also investigated. In the eukaryotic systems, multiple phosphorylated forms of the expressed kinases were observed. In the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and 293 cells, differences in phosphorylation status between the wild-type and kinase-dead mutants were observed. Whether the expressed kinase was active depended on the properties of both the kinase and each expression system. In the prokaryotic systems, Src and Hck were expressed in autophosphorylated active forms. Clear differences in post-translational phosphorylation among the protein expression systems were revealed. These results provide useful information for preparing functional proteins regulated by phosphorylation.
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19
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Grose C, Putman Z, Esposito D. A review of alternative promoters for optimal recombinant protein expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105924. [PMID: 34087362 PMCID: PMC8266756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Generating recombinant proteins in insect cells has been made possible via the use of the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). Despite the success of many proteins via this platform, some targets remain a challenge due to issues such as cytopathic effects, the unpredictable nature of co-infection and co-expressions, and baculovirus genome instability. Many promoters have been assayed for the purpose of expressing diverse proteins in insect cells, and yet there remains a lack of implementation of those results when reviewing the landscape of commercially available baculovirus vectors. In advancing the platform to produce a greater variety of proteins and complexes, the development of such constructs cannot be avoided. A better understanding of viral gene regulation and promoter options including viral, synthetic, and insect-derived promoters will be beneficial to researchers looking to utilize BEVS by recruiting these intricate mechanisms of gene regulation for heterologous gene expression. Here we summarize some of the developments that could be utilized to improve the expression of recombinant proteins and multi-protein complexes in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Grose
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Zoe Putman
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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20
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The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169060. [PMID: 34445766 PMCID: PMC8396519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system consists of peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III VPS4-VTA1, and ALIX homodimer. This system plays an important role in the degradation of non-essential or dangerous plasma membrane proteins, the biogenesis of lysosomes and yeast vacuoles, the budding of most enveloped viruses, and promoting membrane shedding of cytokinesis. Recent results show that exosomes and the ESCRT pathway play important roles in virus infection. This review mainly focuses on the roles of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in virus assembly, budding, and infection of enveloped viruses. The elaboration of the mechanism of exosomes and the ESCRT pathway in some enveloped viruses provides important implications for the further study of the infection mechanism of other enveloped viruses.
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21
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Cheng HW, Tsai WT, Hsieh YY, Chen KC, Yeh SD. Identification of a Common Epitope in Nucleocapsid Proteins of Euro-America Orthotospoviruses and Its Application for Tagging Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168583. [PMID: 34445289 PMCID: PMC8395252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NSs protein and the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of orthotospoviruses are the major targets for serological detection and diagnosis. A common epitope of KFTMHNQIF in the NSs proteins of Asia orthotospoviruses has been applied as an epitope tag (nss-tag) for monitoring recombinant proteins. In this study, a monoclonal antibody TNP MAb against the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) NP that reacts with TSWV-serogroup members of Euro-America orthotospoviruses was produced. By truncation and deletion analyses of TSWV NP, the common epitope of KGKEYA was identified and designated as the np sequence. The np sequence was successfully utilized as an epitope tag (np-tag) to monitor various proteins, including the green fluorescence protein, the coat protein of the zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and the dust mite chimeric allergen Dp25, in a bacterial expression system. The np-tag was also applied to investigate the protein-protein interaction in immunoprecipitation. In addition, when the np-tag and the nss-tag were simultaneously attached at different termini of the expressed recombinant proteins, they reacted with the corresponding MAbs with high sensitivity. Here, we demonstrated that the np sequence and TNP MAb can be effectively applied for tagging and detecting proteins and can be coupled with the nss-tag to form a novel epitope-tagging system for investigating protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Tsai
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Kuan-Chun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22877021; Fax: +886-4-22852501
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22
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Gorda B, Toelzer C, Aulicino F, Berger I. The MultiBac BEVS: Basics, applications, performance and recent developments. Methods Enzymol 2021; 660:129-154. [PMID: 34742385 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) delivers high yield heterologous protein expression and is widely used in academic and industrial R&D. The proteins produced enable many applications including structure/function analysis, drug screening and manufacture of protein therapeutics. Vital cellular functions are controlled by multi-protein complexes, MultiBac, a BEVS specifically designed for heterologous multigene delivery and expression, has unlocked many of these machines to atomic resolution studies. Baculovirus can accommodate very large foreign DNA cargo for faithful delivery into a target host cell, tissue or organism. Engineered MultiBac variants exploit this valuable feature for delivery of customized multifunctional DNA circuitry in mammalian cells and for production of virus-like particles for vaccines manufacture. Here, latest developments and applications of the MultiBac system are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gorda
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Toelzer
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Berger
- The School of Biochemistry and Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Tankard's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom; Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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Villasis E, Garro K, Rosas-Aguirre A, Rodriguez P, Rosado J, Gave A, Guzman-Guzman M, Manrique P, White M, Speybroeck N, Vinetz JM, Torres K, Gamboa D. PvMSP8 as a Novel Plasmodium vivax Malaria Sero-Marker for the Peruvian Amazon. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030282. [PMID: 33801386 PMCID: PMC7999794 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of recent malaria exposure can support malaria control efforts. This study evaluated serological responses to an in-house Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 8 (PvMSP8) expressed in a Baculovirus system as sero-marker of recent exposure to P. vivax (Pv) in the Peruvian Amazon. In a first evaluation, IgGs against PvMSP8 and PvMSP10 proteins were measured by Luminex in a cohort of 422 Amazonian individuals with known history of Pv exposure (monthly data of infection status by qPCR and/or microscopy over five months). Both serological responses were able to discriminate between exposed and non-exposed individuals in a good manner, with slightly higher performance of anti-PvMSP10 IgGs (area under the curve AUC = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.72–0.83]) than anti-PvMSP8 IgGs (AUC = 0.72 [95% CI = 0.67–0.78]) (p = 0.01). In a second evaluation, the analysis by ELISA of 1251 plasma samples, collected during a population-based cross-sectional survey, confirmed the good performance of anti-PvMSP8 IgGs for discriminating between individuals with Pv infection at the time of survey and/or with antecedent of Pv in the past month (AUC = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.74–0.83]). Anti-PvMSP8 IgG antibodies can be considered as a good biomarker of recent Pv exposure in low-moderate transmission settings of the Peruvian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Villasis
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katherine Garro
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Research Institute of Health and Society (IRSS). Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30/B1.30.14 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels 1200, Belgium;
| | - Pamela Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Jason Rosado
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; (J.R.); (M.W.)
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, École Doctorale Pierre Louis - Santé Publique, Campus des Cordeliers, ED 393, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Gave
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Mitchel Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Paulo Manrique
- Leishmania and Malaria Research Unit. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; (J.R.); (M.W.)
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Research Institute of Health and Society (IRSS). Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30/B1.30.14 1200 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels 1200, Belgium;
| | - Joseph Michael Vinetz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Katherine Torres
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru; (K.G.); (P.R.); (K.T.)
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru; (A.R.-A.); (J.M.V.); (D.G.)
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
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Nonaka M, Mabashi-Asazuma H, Jarvis DL, Yamasaki K, Akama TO, Nagaoka M, Sasai T, Kimura-Takagi I, Suwa Y, Yaegashi T, Huang CT, Nishizawa-Harada C, Fukuda MN. Development of an orally-administrable tumor vasculature-targeting therapeutic using annexin A1-binding D-peptides. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241157. [PMID: 33406123 PMCID: PMC7787448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that IF7 peptide, which binds to the annexin A1 (ANXA1) N-terminus, functions as a tumor vasculature-targeted drug delivery vehicle after intravenous injection. To enhance IF7 stability in vivo, we undertook mirror-image peptide phage display using a synthetic D-peptide representing the ANXA1 N-terminus as target. We then identified peptide sequences, synthesized them as D-amino acids, and designated the resulting peptide dTIT7, which we showed bound to the ANXA1 N-terminus. Whole body imaging of mouse brain tumor models injected with near infrared fluorescent IRDye-conjugated dTIT7 showed fluorescent signals in brain and kidney. Furthermore, orally-administered dTIT7/geldanamycin (GA) conjugates suppressed brain tumor growth. Ours is a proof-of-concept experiment showing that ANXA1-binding D-peptide can be developed as an orally-administrable tumor vasculature-targeted therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nonaka
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mabashi-Asazuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Sasai
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Suwa
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Chizuko Nishizawa-Harada
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko N. Fukuda
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mishra V. A Comprehensive Guide to the Commercial Baculovirus Expression Vector Systems for Recombinant Protein Production. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:529-537. [PMID: 31721691 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666191112152646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) is a workhorse for recombinant protein expression for over thirty-five years. Ever since it was first used to overexpress the human IFN-β protein, the system has been engineered and modified several times for quick and easy expression and scale-up of the recombinant proteins. Multiple gene assemblies performed on the baculovirus genome using synthetic biology methods lead to optimized overexpression of the multiprotein complexes. Nowadays, several commercially available BEVS platforms offer a variety of customizable features, and often it is confusing which one to choose for a novice user. This short review is intended to be a one-stop guide to the commercially available baculovirus technology for heterologous protein expression in the insect cells, which users can refer to choose from popular and desirable BEVS products or services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhor Mishra
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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27
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Korn J, Schäckermann D, Kirmann T, Bertoglio F, Steinke S, Heisig J, Ruschig M, Rojas G, Langreder N, Wenzel EV, Roth KDR, Becker M, Meier D, van den Heuvel J, Hust M, Dübel S, Schubert M. Baculovirus-free insect cell expression system for high yield antibody and antigen production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21393. [PMID: 33288836 PMCID: PMC7721901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential tools for therapy and diagnostics. Yet, production remains expensive as it is mostly done in mammalian expression systems. As most therapeutic IgG require mammalian glycosylation to interact with the human immune system, other expression systems are rarely used for production. However, for neutralizing antibodies that are not required to activate the human immune system as well as antibodies used in diagnostics, a cheaper production system would be advantageous. In our study, we show cost-efficient, easy and high yield production of antibodies as well as various secreted antigens including Interleukins and SARS-CoV-2 related proteins in a baculovirus-free insect cell expression system. To improve yields, we optimized the expression vector, media and feeding strategies. In addition, we showed the feasibility of lyophilization of the insect cell produced antibodies. Furthermore, stability and activity of the antibodies was compared to antibodies produced by Expi293F cells revealing a lower aggregation of antibodies originating from High Five cell production. Finally, the newly established High Five expression system was compared to the Expi293F mammalian expression system in regard of yield and costs. Most interestingly, all tested proteins were producible in our High Five cell expression system what was not the case in the Expi293F system, hinting that the High Five cell system is especially suited to produce difficult-to-express target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Korn
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dorina Schäckermann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Toni Kirmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Janyn Heisig
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, PO Box 16040, 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nora Langreder
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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28
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Xi CR, Di Fazio A, Nadvi NA, Patel K, Xiang MSW, Zhang HE, Deshpande C, Low JKK, Wang XT, Chen Y, McMillan CLD, Isaacs A, Osborne B, Vieira de Ribeiro AJ, McCaughan GW, Mackay JP, Church WB, Gorrell MD. A Novel Purification Procedure for Active Recombinant Human DPP4 and the Inability of DPP4 to Bind SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225392. [PMID: 33218025 PMCID: PMC7698748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases catalyse irreversible posttranslational modifications that often alter a biological function of the substrate. The protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a pharmacological target in type 2 diabetes therapy primarily because it inactivates glucagon-like protein-1. DPP4 also has roles in steatosis, insulin resistance, cancers and inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. In addition, DPP4 binds to the spike protein of the MERS virus, causing it to be the human cell surface receptor for that virus. DPP4 has been identified as a potential binding target of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, so this question requires experimental investigation. Understanding protein structure and function requires reliable protocols for production and purification. We developed such strategies for baculovirus generated soluble recombinant human DPP4 (residues 29–766) produced in insect cells. Purification used differential ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, dye affinity chromatography in series with immobilised metal affinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. The binding affinities of DPP4 to the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were measured using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA. This optimised DPP4 purification procedure yielded 1 to 1.8 mg of pure fully active soluble DPP4 protein per litre of insect cell culture with specific activity >30 U/mg, indicative of high purity. No specific binding between DPP4 and CoV-2 spike protein was detected by surface plasmon resonance or ELISA. In summary, a procedure for high purity high yield soluble human DPP4 was achieved and used to show that, unlike MERS, SARS-CoV-2 does not bind human DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecy R Xi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Arianna Di Fazio
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed Nadvi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- Research Portfolio Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karishma Patel
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
| | - Michelle Sui Wen Xiang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Chandrika Deshpande
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
- Drug Discovery, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jason K K Low
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
| | - Xiaonan Trixie Wang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Ana Júlia Vieira de Ribeiro
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- AW Morrow GE & Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- Drug Discovery, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - W Bret Church
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9565-6156; Fax: +61-2-9565-6101
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Nonaka M, Suzuki-Anekoji M, Nakayama J, Mabashi-Asazuma H, Jarvis DL, Yeh JC, Yamasaki K, Akama TO, Huang CT, Campos AR, Nagaoka M, Sasai T, Kimura-Takagi I, Suwa Y, Yaegashi T, Shibata TK, Sugihara K, Nishizawa-Harada C, Fukuda M, Fukuda MN. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier by Annexin A1-binding peptide to target brain tumours. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1633-1643. [PMID: 32921792 PMCID: PMC7686308 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annexin A1 is expressed specifically on the tumour vasculature surface. Intravenously injected IF7 targets tumour vasculature via annexin A1. We tested the hypothesis that IF7 overcomes the blood–brain barrier and that the intravenously injected IF7C(RR)-SN38 eradicates brain tumours in the mouse. Methods (1) A dual-tumour model was generated by inoculating luciferase-expressing melanoma B16 cell line, B16-Luc, into the brain and under the skin of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. IF7C(RR)-SN38 was injected intravenously daily at 7.0 μmoles/kg and growth of tumours was assessed by chemiluminescence using an IVIS imager. A similar dual-tumour model was generated with the C6-Luc line in immunocompromised SCID mice. (2) IF7C(RR)-SN38 formulated with 10% Solutol HS15 was injected intravenously daily at 2.5 μmoles/kg into two brain tumour mouse models: B16-Luc cells in C57BL/6 mice, and C6-Luc cells in nude mice. Results (1) Daily IF7C(RR)-SN38 injection suppressed tumour growth regardless of cell lines or mouse strains. (2) Daily injection of Solutol-formulated IF7C(RR)-SN38 led into complete disappearance of B16-Luc brain tumour in C57BL/6 mice, whereas this did not occur in C6-Luc in nude mice. Conclusions IF7C(RR)-SN38 crosses the blood–brain barrier and suppresses growth of brain tumours in mouse models. Solutol HS15-formulated IF7C(RR)-SN38 may have promoted an antitumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nonaka
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misa Suzuki-Anekoji
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | | | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jiunn-Chern Yeh
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoya O Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alexandre Rosa Campos
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masato Nagaoka
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Toshio Sasai
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Suwa
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki K Shibata
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugihara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Chizuko Nishizawa-Harada
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michiko N Fukuda
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Laboratory for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
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Tang Y, Saul J, Nagaratnam N, Martin-Garcia JM, Fromme P, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Construction of gateway-compatible baculovirus expression vectors for high-throughput protein expression and in vivo microcrystal screening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13323. [PMID: 32770037 PMCID: PMC7414197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus mediated-insect cell expression systems have been widely used for producing heterogeneous proteins. However, to date, there is still the lack of an easy-to-manipulate system that enables the high-throughput protein characterization in insect cells by taking advantage of large existing Gateway clone libraries. To resolve this limitation, we have constructed a suite of Gateway-compatible pIEx-derived baculovirus expression vectors that allow the rapid and cost-effective construction of expression clones for mass parallel protein expression in insect cells. This vector collection also supports the attachment of a variety of fusion tags to target proteins to meet the needs for different research applications. We first demonstrated the utility of these vectors for protein expression and purification using a set of 40 target proteins of various sizes, cellular localizations and host organisms. We then established a scalable pipeline coupled with the SONICC and TEM techniques to screen for microcrystal formation within living insect cells. Using this pipeline, we successfully identified microcrystals for ~ 16% of the tested protein set, which can be potentially used for structure elucidation by X-ray crystallography. In summary, we have established a versatile pipeline enabling parallel gene cloning, protein expression and purification, and in vivo microcrystal screening for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Justin Saul
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nirupa Nagaratnam
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jose M Martin-Garcia
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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Kesidis A, Depping P, Lodé A, Vaitsopoulou A, Bill RM, Goddard AD, Rothnie AJ. Expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts. Methods 2020; 180:3-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Cao J, Wang M, Yu H, She Y, Cao Z, Ye J, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Wang J, Lao S. An Overview on the Mechanisms and Applications of Enzyme Inhibition-Based Methods for Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7298-7315. [PMID: 32551623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inactivating compounds, such as organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides, are widely used in agriculture to ensure sustainable production of food and feed. As a consequence of their applications, they would result in neurotoxicity, even death. In this essence, the development of enzyme inhibition methods still shows great significance as rapid detection techniques for on-site large-scale screening of OPs and CMs. Initially, mechanisms and applications of various enzyme-inhibition-based methods and devices, including optical colorimetric assay, fluorometric assays, electrochemical biosensors, rapid test card, and microfluidic device, are highlighted in the present overview. Further, to enhance the enzyme sensitivity for detection; alternative enzyme sources or high yield enrichment methods (such as abzyme, artificial enzyme, and recombinant enzyme), as well as enzyme reactivation and identification, are also addressed in this comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - He Yu
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Ye
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 314006, Jiaxing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003, Nanning, China
| | - Shuibing Lao
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003, Nanning, China
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Prabhakar PK, Wang HT, Smith PJ, Yang JY, Barnes WJ, Peña MJ, Moremen KW, Urbanowicz BR. Heterologous expression of plant glycosyltransferases for biochemistry and structural biology. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 160:145-165. [PMID: 32896313 PMCID: PMC7593805 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Much of the carbon captured by photosynthesis is converted into the polysaccharides that constitute plant cell walls. These complex macrostructures are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins, together with small amounts of structural proteins, minerals, and in many cases lignin. Wall components assemble and interact with one another to produce dynamic structures with many capabilities, including providing mechanical support to plant structures and determining plant cell shape and size. Despite their abundance, major gaps in our knowledge of the synthesis of the building blocks of these polymers remain, largely due to ineffective methods for expression and purification of active synthetic enzymes for in vitro biochemical analyses. The hemicellulosic polysaccharide, xyloglucan, comprises up to 25% of the dry weight of primary cell walls in plants. Most of the knowledge about the glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in the xyloglucan biosynthetic pathway has been derived from the identification and carbohydrate analysis of knockout mutants, lending little information on how the catalytic biosynthesis of xyloglucan occurs in planta. In this chapter we describe methods for the heterologous expression of plant GTs using the HEK293 expression platform. As a demonstration of the utility of this platform, nine xyloglucan-relevant GTs from three different CAZy families were evaluated, and methods for expression, purification, and construct optimization are described for biochemical and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - Peter J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - William J Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maria J Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Breeanna R Urbanowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge, TN, United States.
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Wang L, Mi S, Madera R, Ganges L, Borca MV, Ren J, Cunningham C, Cino-Ozuna AG, Li H, Tu C, Gong W, Shi J. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for classical swine fever C-strain post-vaccination monitoring. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:14. [PMID: 31937302 PMCID: PMC6958719 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virus neutralization test (VNT) is widely used for serological survey of classical swine fever (CSF) and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. However, VNT is a time consuming procedure that requires cell culture and live virus manipulation. C-strain CSF vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine for CSF control and prevention. In this study, we presented a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with the emphasis on the replacement of VNT for C-strain post–vaccination monitoring. Results One monoclonal antibody (6B211) which has potent neutralizing activity against C-strain was generated. A novel cELISA was established and optimized based on the strategy that 6B211 can compete with C-strain induced neutralizing antibodies in pig serum to bind capture antigen C-strain E2. By testing C-strain VNT negative pig sera (n = 445) and C-strain VNT positive pig sera (n = 70), the 6B211 based cELISA showed 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 94.87 to 100%) and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval: 100 to 100%). The C-strain antibody can be tested in pigs as early as 7 days post vaccination with the cELISA. By testing pig sera (n = 139) in parallel, the cELISA showed excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.957) with VNT. The inhibition rate of serum samples in the cELISA is highly correlated with their titers in VNT (r2 = 0.903, p < 0.001). In addition, intra- and inter-assays of the cELISA exhibited acceptable repeatability with low coefficient of variations (CVs). Conclusions This novel cELISA demonstrated excellent agreement and high level correlation with VNT. It is a reliable tool for sero-monitoring of C-strain vaccination campaign because it is a rapid, simple, safe and cost effective assay that can be used to monitor vaccination-induced immune response at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shijiang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rachel Madera
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Jingqiang Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chase Cunningham
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ada G Cino-Ozuna
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jishu Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system is a popular choice for recombinant protein production. Post-translational modifications, production of protein complexes, and reported high protein yields are some of the favorable features of this eukaryotic expression system. The intricacies of the baculovirus-insect cell expression system may deter beginners from implementing it for routine protein production. This chapter documents a detailed protocol for using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system, which has been verified in a protein production research facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetayo A Adeniyi
- UQ Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda Hwee-Lin Lua
- UQ Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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36
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Baculovirus entire ORF1629 is not essential for viral replication. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221594. [PMID: 31437242 PMCID: PMC6706055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that ORF1629 is essential for baculovirus replication, which has enabled isolation of recombinant viruses in a baculovirus expression system using linearized viral DNA. ORF1629-defective viruses cannot replicate in insect cells; only recombinant virus with complete ORF1629 restoration by recombination can propagate, allowing for pure isolation and the development of bacmids for easy selection of recombinant viruses. We inadvertently found proliferation in insect cells of a bacmid lacking a complete ORF1629. PCR indicated no other viruses but a lack of complete ORF1629 in the proliferated bacmid, suggesting that the baculovirus propagated without a complete ORF1629. Lack of ORF1629 decreased the virus growth rate and yield; it also increased the occlusion body (OB) size but decreased its yield. These results were confirmed for Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV). Thus, entire ORF1629 is not essential for viral replication, though it does affect the virus growth rate, yield, and size and OB production.
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Lemaitre RP, Bogdanova A, Borgonovo B, Woodruff JB, Drechsel DN. FlexiBAC: a versatile, open-source baculovirus vector system for protein expression, secretion, and proteolytic processing. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30925874 PMCID: PMC6441187 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baculovirus-mediated expression in insect cells is a powerful approach for protein production. However, many existing methods are time-consuming, offer limited options for protein tagging, and are unsuitable for secreted proteins requiring proteolytic maturation, such as TGF-β family growth factors. Results To overcome the limitations of traditional baculovirus expression systems, we engineered “FlexiBAC”. This system allows recombinant baculovirus formation inside insect cells and reduces the time between initial cloning and protein production to 13 days. FlexiBAC includes 143 shuttle vectors that append combinations of purification tags, fluorescent markers, proteolytic cleavage sites, trafficking signals, and chemical conjugation tags to the termini of the target protein. This system also overexpresses recombinant furin convertase to allow efficient proteolytic processing of secreted proteins. We demonstrate that FlexiBAC can be used to produce high levels of mature, active forms of TGF-β family growth factors, such as Activin A, as well as other proteins that are typically difficult to reconstitute, such as proteins rich in coiled-coil, low complexity, and disordered domains. Conclusions FlexiBAC is a protein expression system for production of both cytosolic proteins and secreted proteins that require proteolytic maturation. The design of FlexiBAC and its expansive complementary shuttle vector system reduces cloning steps and simplifies baculovirus production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-019-0512-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis P Lemaitre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aliona Bogdanova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Borgonovo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Department of Cell Biology, Dept. of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - David N Drechsel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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Expression and characterization of silkworm Bombyx mori β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II, a key enzyme for complex-type N-glycan biosynthesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:273-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Generation of humanized single-chain fragment variable immunotherapeutic against EGFR variant III using baculovirus expression system and in vitro validation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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40
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León-Janampa N, Liendo R, Gilman RH, Padilla C, García HH, Gonzales A, Sheen P, Pajuelo MJ, Zimic M. Characterization of a novel cathepsin L-like protease from Taenia solium metacestodes for the immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:9-16. [PMID: 30878092 PMCID: PMC7010362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine cysticercosis is an endemic parasitic disease caused by infection with Taenia solium that is found predominantly in developing countries. In order to aid in the development of simple diagnostic approaches, identification and characterization of potential new antigens for immunodiagnostic purposes is desired. The cysteine protease family has previously been found to have important immunodiagnostic properties. These proteases are expressed as zymogens which contain a signal peptide, pro-peptide, and an active domain. Subsequent catalytic cleavage of the pro-peptide converts these zymogens into enzymes. With the use of bioinformatic tools we identified an active domain of a novel cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (TsolCL) in the T. solium genome. The TsolCL gene includes 705 nucleotides (nt) within a single intron and a 633 nt exonic sequence encoding an active protein of 211 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggest that the TsolCL gene is closely related to genes found in Echinoccocus granulosus and E. multiloculars. In addition, TsolCL was found to have a 61.9%-99.0% similarity to other cathepsin L proteins found in other helminths and mammals. We cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized the recombinant active TsolCL (27 kDa) using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. TsolCL showed cysteine protease enzymatic activity with the capacity to hydrolyze the Z-Phe-Arg-AMC substrate as well as bovine serum albumin. However, TsolCL was not able to hydrolyze human immunoglobulin. In addition, TsolCL has cathepsin L conserved amino acid residues in the catalytic site (Gln8, Cys14, His159, Asn179 and Trp181) and the motif GCNGG. Using ELISA, TsolCL was able to distinguish circulating IgG antibodies between healthy animals and naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis, showing a moderate sensitivity of 83.33% (40/48; 95% CI: [69.8%-92.5 %]), and a specificity of 83.78% (31/37; 95% CI: [67.9%-93.8%]). In conclusion, a novel cathepsin L-like cysteine protease from a T. solium metacestode was expressed successfully in Baculovirus system and was evaluated as a candidate antigen to diagnose porcine cysticercosis using the ELISA immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Ruddy Liendo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Hector H García
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.
| | - Armando Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Mónica J Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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SmartBac, a new baculovirus system for large protein complex production. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2019; 1:100003. [PMID: 32337507 PMCID: PMC7173262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2019.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent revolution of cryo-electron microscopy has opened a new door to solve high-resolution structures of macromolecule complexes without crystallization while how to efficiently obtain homogenous macromolecule complex sample is therefore becoming a bottleneck. Here we report SmartBac, an easy and versatile system for constructing large-sized transfer plasmids used to generate recombinant baculoviruses that express large multiprotein complexes in insect cells. The SmartBac system integrates the univector plasmid-fusion system, Gibson assembly method and polyprotein strategy to construct the final transfer plasmid. The fluorescent proteins are designed co-expressed with the target to monitor transfection and expression efficiencies. A scheme of screening an optimal tagged subunit for efficient purification is provided. Six large multiprotein complexes including the human exocyst complex and dynactin complex were successfully expressed and purified, suggesting a great potential of SmartBac system for its wide application in the future.
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42
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Li T, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Qiao J, Rong R, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Li Z, Shen H, Huang F, Xue W, Gao S, Li S, Zheng Q, Yu H, Zhang J, Gu Y, Li S, Xia N. Characterization of native-like HIV-1 gp140 glycoprotein expressed in insect cells. Vaccine 2019; 37:1418-1427. [PMID: 30737044 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is critical for vaccine development aimed at achieving broadly-neutralizing antibody responses. The use of various recombinant expression systems and construct designs are associated with the resultant nature of produced proteins, especially in terms of glycosylation, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the glycoprotein. Here, we explored an otherwise baculovirus cassette than classical one designed to express HIV-1 Env protein, including SOSIP mutation and Foldon moiety involvement. This improved design increased the ratio of the Env trimer fraction from ∼40% to ∼60% with respect to that of prototypical design, as indicated by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity analysis. In addition, the design prolonged cell viability and enhanced the final yield (approximately 13-15 mg/L) after affinity purification. gp140 produced from insect cells mimicked the native-like trimer and mainly adopted glycosylation pattern of oligomannose glycans. The native-like Env proteins conferred cross-clade neutralizing antibody production in BALB/c mice. In summary, the expression of Env in insect cells by optimizing the baculovirus vector provides an alternative strategy for HIV-1 immunogen production and may benefit future Env-based HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiaming Qiao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiaobin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zekai Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Honglin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenhui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuangquan Gao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shaoyong Li
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai Yu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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43
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Teyra J, Singer AU, Schmitges FW, Jaynes P, Kit Leng Lui S, Polyak MJ, Fodil N, Krieger JR, Tong J, Schwerdtfeger C, Brasher BB, Ceccarelli DFJ, Moffat J, Sicheri F, Moran MF, Gros P, Eichhorn PJA, Lenter M, Boehmelt G, Sidhu SS. Structural and Functional Characterization of Ubiquitin Variant Inhibitors of USP15. Structure 2019; 27:590-605.e5. [PMID: 30713027 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multi-domain deubiquitinase USP15 regulates diverse eukaryotic processes and has been implicated in numerous diseases. We developed ubiquitin variants (UbVs) that targeted either the catalytic domain or each of three adaptor domains in USP15, including the N-terminal DUSP domain. We also designed a linear dimer (diUbV), which targeted the DUSP and catalytic domains, and exhibited enhanced specificity and more potent inhibition of catalytic activity than either UbV alone. In cells, the UbVs inhibited the deubiquitination of two USP15 substrates, SMURF2 and TRIM25, and the diUbV inhibited the effects of USP15 on the transforming growth factor β pathway. Structural analyses revealed that three distinct UbVs bound to the catalytic domain and locked the active site in a closed, inactive conformation, and one UbV formed an unusual strand-swapped dimer and bound two DUSP domains simultaneously. These inhibitors will enable the study of USP15 function in oncology, neurology, immunology, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alex U Singer
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Frank W Schmitges
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Kit Leng Lui
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria J Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Corbin Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Corbin Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Bradley B Brasher
- Boston Biochem, a Bio-Techne Brand, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Derek F J Ceccarelli
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pieter J A Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Lenter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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44
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Feng X, Liu N. Functional Characterization of Carboxylesterases in Insecticide Resistant House Flies, Musca Domestica. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30199032 DOI: 10.3791/58106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism is thought to play a major role in insecticide resistance in various insects. Several carboxylesterase genes were found up-regulated in the resistant house fly strain, whereas their roles in conferring insecticide resistance remained to be explored. Here, we designed a protocol for the functional characterization of carboxylesterases. Three example experiments are presented: (1) expression and isolation of carboxylesterase proteins through a baculovirus-mediated insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell expression system; (2) a cell-based MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethykthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay to measure the tolerance of insect cells to different permethrin treatments; and (3) in vitro metabolic studies to explore the metabolic capabilities of carboxylesterases toward permethrin. The carboxylesterase gene MdαE7 was cloned from a resistant house fly strain ALHF and used to construct a recombinant baculovirus for Sf9 cells infection. The cell viabilities against different permethrin treatments were measured with the MTT assay. The enhanced cell tolerance of the experimental group (MdαE7-recombinant baculovirus infected cells) compared with those of the control groups (CAT-recombinant baculovirus infected cells and GFP-recombinant baculovirus infected cells) to permethrin treatments suggested the capabilities of MdαE7 in metabolizing insecticides, thereby protecting cells from chemical damages. Besides that, carboxylesterase proteins were expressed in insect Sf9 cells and isolated to conduct an in vitro metabolic study. Our results indicated a significant in vitro metabolic efficiency of MdαE7 toward permethrin, directly indicating the involvement of carboxylesterases in metabolizing insecticides and thus conferring insecticide resistance in house flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Feng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University;
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45
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Abstract
Recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria are sometimes insoluble, aggregated, and incorrectly folded. For those Src homology 2 (SH2) domains that are insoluble in bacteria, baculovirus-insect cell expression systems can be an alternative to produce soluble and functionally active proteins. We describe a protocol for cloning and purification of GST-tagged SH2 domains using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system.
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46
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Pachón-Ibáñez ME, Smani Y, Pachón J, Sánchez-Céspedes J. Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:323-342. [PMID: 28521337 PMCID: PMC5435762 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistance mechanisms, especially among bacteria, threatens the efficacy of all current antimicrobial agents, some of them already ineffective. As a result, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs. Host defense antimicrobial peptides (HDPs) are natural occurring and well-conserved peptides of innate immunity, broadly active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and fungi. They also are able to exert immunomodulatory and adjuvant functions by acting as chemotactic for immune cells, and inducing cytokines and chemokines secretion. Moreover, they show low propensity to elicit microbial adaptation, probably because of their non-specific mechanism of action, and are able to neutralize exotoxins and endotoxins. HDPs have the potential to be a great source of novel antimicrobial agents. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the advances made in the development of human defensins as well as the cathelicidin LL-37 and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, viruses and fungi for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville.,Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville.,Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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47
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Tammam S, Malak P, Correa D, Rothfuss O, Azzazy HME, Lamprecht A, Schulze-Osthoff K. Nuclear delivery of recombinant OCT4 by chitosan nanoparticles for transgene-free generation of protein-induced pluripotent stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37728-37739. [PMID: 27183911 PMCID: PMC5122344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based reprogramming of somatic cells is a non-genetic approach for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), whereby reprogramming factors, such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, are delivered as functional proteins. The technique is considered safer than transgenic methods, but, unfortunately, most protein-based protocols provide very low reprogramming efficiencies. In this study, we developed exemplarily a nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery system for the reprogramming factor OCT4. To this end, we expressed human OCT4 in Sf9 insect cells using a baculoviral expression system. Recombinant OCT4 showed nuclear localization in Sf9 cells indicating proper protein folding. In comparison to soluble OCT4 protein, encapsulation of OCT4 in nuclear-targeted chitosan NPs strongly stabilized its DNA-binding activity even under cell culture conditions. OCT4-loaded NPs enabled cell treatment with high micromolar concentrations of OCT4 and successfully delivered active OCT4 into human fibroblasts. Chitosan NPs therefore provide a promising tool for the generation of transgene-free iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Tammam
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter Malak
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daphne Correa
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Rothfuss
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Olson LJ, Dahms NM. Cloning, Expression, and Purification of the Glycosylated Transmembrane Protein, Cation-Dependent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor, from Sf9 Cells Using the Baculovirus System. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1722:105-116. [PMID: 29264801 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7553-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CD-MPR) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. This protein functions to transport lysosomal enzymes displaying phosphomannosyl residues from the Golgi complex and the cell surface to the lysosome. This glycosylated protein contains three disulfide bridges in its 159-residue extracytoplasmic domain. One of the problems with studying eukaryotic membrane proteins is isolating sufficient quantities. Structural studies typically require several hundred milligrams of highly purified protein. Here we present a method to isolate milligram quantities of CD-MPR/Asn81 suitable for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Nancy M Dahms
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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49
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-free protein microarrays represent a special form of protein microarray which display proteins made fresh at the time of the experiment, avoiding storage and denaturation. They have been used increasingly in basic and translational research over the past decade to study protein-protein interactions, the pathogen-host relationship, post-translational modifications, and antibody biomarkers of different human diseases. Their role in the first blood-based diagnostic test for early stage breast cancer highlights their value in managing human health. Cell-free protein microarrays will continue to evolve to become widespread tools for research and clinical management. Areas covered: We review the advantages and disadvantages of different cell-free protein arrays, with an emphasis on the methods that have been studied in the last five years. We also discuss the applications of each microarray method. Expert commentary: Given the growing roles and impact of cell-free protein microarrays in research and medicine, we discuss: 1) the current technical and practical limitations of cell-free protein microarrays; 2) the biomarker discovery and verification pipeline using protein microarrays; and 3) how cell-free protein microarrays will advance over the next five years, both in their technology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Brianne Petritis
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Hu Duan
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Danke Xu
- c State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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50
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Scholz J, Suppmann S. A new single-step protocol for rapid baculovirus-driven protein production in insect cells. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 29145860 PMCID: PMC5689143 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last three decades, the Baculovirus expression vector system (BEV) has evolved to one of the most widely used eukaryotic systems for heterologous protein expression including approved vaccines and therapies. Despite the significant improvements introduced during the past years, the BEV system still has major drawbacks, primarily the time required to generate recombinant virus and virus instability for certain target proteins. In this study we show that the conventional method to generate recombinant Baculovirus using a Tn7 transposition based system can be shortened to a single-step transfection-only procedure without further amplification. Methods In a first step we have adapted a recently published protocol that replaces the standard liposome-based transfection procedure of adherent insect cells by transfecting insect cells in suspension with a preformed DNA-PEI complex generating P0 virus. We have then expressed and purified six different target proteins, among them four intracellular and two secreted proteins, by infecting insect cells either with P0 or P1 virus. Results We demonstrate that transfection in suspension is as efficient as the standard protocol, but in addition allows generation of high amounts of P0 virus early in the process. To test if this P0 virus generated by bacmid transfection can be used directly for protein expression in either the screening or production process, we compared P0 versus amplified P1 virus-mediated protein expression. We show that protein expression levels, purity and yield of the purified proteins are equally high for P0 and P1. Conclusion The standard protocol for generating recombinant baculovirus comprises transfection of the bacmid followed by one or two subsequent virus amplification steps. In this study we show that Baculovirus generated by transfection-only is equally efficient in driving protein expression. This reduces the time from bacmid DNA to protein to eight days and reduces the risk of virus decay. In contrast to transient gene expression protocols, the required amount of DNA is minimal: 100 µg bacmid DNA is sufficient for a production scale of 10 L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scholz
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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