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Fakhri V, Su CH, Tavakoli Dare M, Bazmi M, Jafari A, Pirouzfar V. Harnessing the power of polyol-based polyesters for biomedical innovations: synthesis, properties, and biodegradation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9597-9629. [PMID: 37740402 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyesters based on polyols have emerged as promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and regenerative medicine, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile physicochemical properties. This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, performance, and biodegradation mechanisms of polyol-based polyesters, highlighting their potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications. The synthesis techniques, such as simple polycondensation and enzymatic polymerization, allow for the fine-tuning of polyester structure and molecular weight, thereby enabling the tailoring of material properties to specific application requirements. The physicochemical properties of polyol-based polyesters, such as hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties, can be altered by incorporating different polyols. The article highlights the influence of various factors, such as molecular weight, crosslinking density, and degradation medium, on the biodegradation behavior of these materials, and the importance of understanding these factors for controlling degradation rates. Future research directions include the development of novel polyesters with improved properties, optimization of degradation rates, and exploration of advanced processing techniques for fabricating scaffolds and drug delivery systems. Overall, polyol-based polyesters hold significant potential in the field of biomedical applications, paving the way for groundbreaking advancements and innovative solutions that could revolutionize patient care and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Fakhri
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Masoud Tavakoli Dare
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bazmi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Jafari
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Pirouzfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Martin Del Campo M, Gómez-Secundino O, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Mateos Díaz JC, Müller-Santos M, Rodríguez JA. Effects of kosmotropic, chaotropic, and neutral salts on Candida antarctica B lipase: An analysis of the secondary structure and its hydrolytic activity on triglycerides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159380. [PMID: 37591327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of Hofmeister salts on the hydrolytic activity on triglycerides and the secondary structure of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) were investigated. Structural changes after short- and long-time incubation at high salt concentrations were determined using circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, and RMSD-RMSF simulations. At 5.2 M NaCl, the hydrolytic activity of CALB on tributyrin (TC4) and trioctanoin (TC8) was enhanced by 1.5 (from 817 ± 3.9 to 1228 ± 4.3 U/mg)- and 8.7 (from 25 ± 0.3 to 218 ± 2.3 U/mg)-folds compared with 0.15 M NaCl, respectively at pH 7.0 and 40 °C. An activity activation was seen with other salts tested; however, long-time incubation (24 h) did not result in retention of the activation effect for any of the salts tested. Secondary structure CD and fluorescence spectra showed that long-time incubation with NaCl, KCl, and CsCl provokes a compact structure without loss of native conformation, whereas chaotropic LiCl and CaCl2 induced an increase in the α-helical content, and kosmotropic Na2SO4 provoked a molten globule state with rich β-sheet content. The RMSD-RMSF simulation agreed with the CD analysis, highlighting a principal salt-induced effect at the α-helix 5 region, promoting two different conformational states (open and closed) depending on the type and concentration of salt. Lastly, an increase in the interfacial tension occurred when high salt concentrations were added to the reaction media, affecting the catalytic properties. The results indicate that high-salt environments, such as 2-5.2 M NaCl, can be used to increase the lipolytic activity of CALB on TC4 and TC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Martin Del Campo
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Camino el arenero 1227, El Bajío del arenal, 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, 46200 Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Osvaldo Gómez-Secundino
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Camino el arenero 1227, El Bajío del arenal, 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Rosa M Camacho-Ruíz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Camino el arenero 1227, El Bajío del arenal, 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Juan C Mateos Díaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Camino el arenero 1227, El Bajío del arenal, 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biología Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jorge A Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Camino el arenero 1227, El Bajío del arenal, 45019 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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3
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Liang K, Dong W, Gao J, Liu Z, Zhou R, Shu Z, Duan M. The Conformational Transitions and Dynamics of Burkholderia cepacia Lipase Regulated by Water-Oil Interfaces. J Chem Inf Model 2023. [PMID: 37307245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural dynamics and conformational transitions are crucial for the activities of enzymes. As one of the most widely used industrial biocatalysts, lipase could be activated by the water-oil interfaces. The interface activations were believed to be dominated by the close-to-open transitions of the lid subdomains. However, the detailed mechanism and the roles of structure transitions are still under debate. In this study, the dynamic structures and conformational transitions of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (LipA) were investigated by combining all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced sampling simulation, and spectrophotometric assay experiments. The conformational transitions between the lid-open and lid-closed states of LipA in aqueous solution are directly observed by the computational simulation methods. The interactions between the hydrophobic residues on the two lid-subdomains are the driven forces for the LipA closing. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic environment provided by the oil interfaces would separate the interactions between the lid-subdomains and promote the structure opening of LipA. Moreover, our studies demonstrate the opening of the lids structure is insufficient to initiate the interfacial activation, providing explanations for the inability of interfacial activation of many lipases with lid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Liang
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technoloy, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan campus), Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian China
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Wanqian Dong
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technoloy, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan campus), Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian China
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technoloy, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan campus), Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Zhengyu Shu
- National & Local United Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technoloy, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University (Qishan campus), Fuzhou, 350117 Fujian China
| | - Mojie Duan
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
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4
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Reactivity of a Recombinant Esterase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 in Aqueous and Organic Media. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050915. [PMID: 35630360 PMCID: PMC9143606 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoalkalophilic membrane-associated esterase E34Tt from Thermus thermophilus HB27 was cloned and expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis (KLEST-3S esterase). The recombinant enzyme was tested as a biocatalyst in aqueous and organic media. It displayed a high thermal stability and was active in the presence of 10% (v/v) organic solvents and 1% (w/v) detergents. KLEST-3S hydrolysed triglycerides of various acyl chains, which is a rare characteristic among carboxylic ester hydrolases from extreme thermophiles, with maximum activity on tributyrin. It also displayed interfacial activation towards triacetin. KLEST-3S was also tested as a biocatalyst in organic media. The esterase provided high yields for the acetylation of alcohols. In addition, KLEST-3S catalyzed the stereoselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-ibuprofen methyl ester (87% ee). Our results indicate that KLEST-3S may be a robust and efficient biocatalyst for application in industrial bioconversions.
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Aselmeyer C, Légeret B, Bénarouche A, Sorigué D, Parsiegla G, Beisson F, Carrière F. Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase Is an Interfacial Enzyme That Binds to Lipid-Water Interfaces to Access Its Insoluble Substrate. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3200-3212. [PMID: 34633183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP), one of the few natural photoenzymes characterized so far, is a promising biocatalyst for lipid-to-hydrocarbon conversion using light. However, the optimum supramolecular organization under which the fatty acid (FA) substrate should be presented to FAP has not been addressed. Using palmitic acid embedded in phospholipid liposomes, phospholipid-stabilized microemulsions, and mixed micelles, we show that FAP displays a preference for FAs present in liposomes and at the surface of microemulsions. The kinetics of adsorption onto phospholipid and galactolipid monomolecular films further suggests the ability of FAP to bind to and penetrate into membranes, with a higher affinity in the presence of FAs. The FAP structure reveals a potential interfacial recognition site with clusters of hydrophobic and basic residues surrounding the active site entrance. The resulting dipolar moment suggests the orientation of FAP at negatively charged interfaces. These findings provide important clues about the mode of action of FAP and the development of FAP-based bioconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Aselmeyer
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 13009 Marseille, France.,CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Anaïs Bénarouche
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Damien Sorigué
- CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 13009 Marseille, France
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6
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Xing S, Zhu R, Cheng K, Cai Y, Hu Y, Li C, Zeng X, Zhu Q, He L. Gene Expression, Biochemical Characterization of a sn-1, 3 Extracellular Lipase From Aspergillus niger GZUF36 and Its Model-Structure Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633489. [PMID: 33776965 PMCID: PMC7994357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a sn-1, 3 extracellular lipases from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (PEXANL1) was expressed in Pichia pastoris, characterized, and the predicted structural model was analyzed. The optimized culture conditions of P. pastoris showed that the highest lipase activity of 66.5 ± 1.4 U/mL (P < 0.05) could be attained with 1% methanol and 96 h induction time. The purified PEXANL1 exhibited the highest activity at pH 4.0 and 40°C temperature, and its original activity remained unaltered in the majority of the organic solvents (20% v/v concentration). Triton X-100, Tween 20, Tween 80, and SDS at a concentration of 0.01% (w/v) enhanced, and all the metal ions tested inhibited activity of purified PEXANL. The results of ultrasound-assisted PEXANL1 catalyzed synthesis of 1,3-diaglycerides showed that the content of 1,3-diglycerides was rapidly increased to 36.90% with 25 min of ultrasound duration (P < 0.05) and later decreased to 19.93% with 35 min of ultrasound duration. The modeled structure of PEXANL1 by comparative modeling showed α/β hydrolase fold. Structural superposition and molecular docking results validated that Ser162, His274, and Asp217 residues of PEXANL1 were involved in the catalysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated the monomer properties of PEXANL1 in solution. The ab initio model of PEXANL1 overlapped with its modeling structure. This work presents a reliable structural model of A. niger lipase based on homology modeling and small-angle X-ray scattering. Besides, the data from this study will benefit the rational design of suitable crystalline lipase variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yangyang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuedan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Kurtovic I, Nalder TD, Cleaver H, Marshall SN. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa lipase on a highly hydrophobic support: A stable immobilised lipase suitable for non-aqueous synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00535. [PMID: 33088731 PMCID: PMC7566202 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL) was immobilised on highly hydrophobic, octadecyl methacrylate resin (Lifetech™ ECR8806M) via interfacial adsorption. The aim was to produce a stable biocatalyst suitable for use in a range of lipid-modifying reactions. Immobilisation was carried out in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) over 24 h at 21 °C. High protein binding of 58.7 ± 4.9 mg/g dry support accounted for ∼53 % of the applied protein. The activity recovery against tributyrin was 74.0 ± 1.1 %. The specific activity of immobilised CrL against tributyrin was considerably higher than that of Novozym® 435, at 1.79 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.04 U/mg bound protein, respectively. Incubation with high concentrations (10 % w/v) of both Triton X-100 and SDS resulted in only a small reduction in immobilised lipase activity. Solvent-free synthesis of glycerides by the FFA-saturated immobilised CrL was successful over 6 reaction cycles, with no apparent loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kurtovic
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Nalder
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, 3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cleaver
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Susan N Marshall
- Nelson Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 293-297 Akersten Street, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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8
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Zhang M, Li Q, Lan X, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zheng J. Directed evolution of Aspergillus oryzae lipase for the efficient resolution of (R,S)-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propanoate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2131-2141. [PMID: 32959146 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae lipase (AOL) is a potential biocatalyst for industrial application. In this study, a mutant lipase AOL-3F38N/V230R was screened through two rounds of directed evolution, resulting in a fourfold increase in lipase activity, and threefold in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), while maintaining its excellent stereoselectivity. AOL-3F38N/V230R enzyme activity was maximum at pH 7.5 and also at 40 °C. And compared with wild-type AOL-3, AOL-3F38N/V230R preferentially hydrolyzed the fatty acid ethyl ester carbon chain length from C4 to C6-C10. In the same catalytic reaction conditions, the conversion of (R,S)-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propanoate ((R,S)-EHPP) by AOL-3F38N/V230R can be increased 169.7% compared to the original enzyme. The e.e.s of (R,S)-EHPP achieved 99.4% and conversion about 50.2% with E value being 829.0. Therefore, AOL-3F38N/V230R was a potential biocatalyst for obtaining key chiral compounds for aryloxyphenoxy propionate (APP) herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xinyu University, Xinyu, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sahaka M, Amara S, Wattanakul J, Gedi MA, Aldai N, Parsiegla G, Lecomte J, Christeller JT, Gray D, Gontero B, Villeneuve P, Carrière F. The digestion of galactolipids and its ubiquitous function in Nature for the uptake of the essential α-linolenic acid. Food Funct 2020; 11:6710-6744. [PMID: 32687132 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids, mainly monogalactosyl diglycerides and digalactosyl diglycerides are the main lipids found in the membranes of plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria. As such, they are the main lipids present at the surface of earth. They may represent up to 80% of the fatty acid stocks, including a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Nevertheless, the interest in these lipids for nutrition and other applications remains overlooked, probably because they are dispersed in the biomass and are not as easy to extract as vegetable oils from oleaginous fruit and oil seeds. Another reason is that galactolipids only represent a small fraction of the acylglycerolipids present in modern human diet. In herbivores such as horses, fish and folivorous insects, galactolipids may however represent the main source of dietary fatty acids due to their dietary habits and digestion physiology. The development of galactolipase assays has led to the identification and characterization of the enzymes involved in the digestion of galactolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as by microorganisms. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) has been identified as an important factor of galactolipid digestion in humans, together with pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH). The levels of PLRP2 are particularly high in monogastric herbivores thus highlighting the peculiar role of PLRP2 in the digestion of plant lipids. Similarly, pancreatic lipase homologs are found to be expressed in the midgut of folivorous insects, in which a high galactolipase activity can be measured. In fish, however, CEH is the main galactolipase involved. This review discusses the origins and fatty acid composition of galactolipids and the physiological contribution of galactolipid digestion in various species. This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - John T Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Korany AH, Abouhmad A, Bakeer W, Essam T, Amin MA, Hatti-Kaul R, Dishisha T. Comparative Structural Analysis of Different Mycobacteriophage-Derived Mycolylarabinogalactan Esterases (Lysin B). Biomolecules 2019; 10:E45. [PMID: 31892223 PMCID: PMC7022511 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriophage endolysins have emerged as a potential alternative to the current antimycobacterial agents. This study focuses on mycolylarabinogalactan hydrolase (LysB) enzymes of the α/β-hydrolase family, which disrupt the unique mycolic acid layer of mycobacterium cell wall. Multiple sequence alignment and structural analysis studies showed LysB-D29, the only enzyme with a solved three-dimensional structure, to share several common features with esterases (lacking lid domain) and lipases (acting on long chain lipids). Sequence and structural comparisons of 30 LysB homology models showed great variation in domain organizations and total protein length with major differences in the loop-5 motif harboring the catalytic histidine residue. Docking of different p-nitrophenyl ligands (C4-C18) to LysB-3D models revealed that the differences in length and residues of loop-5 contributed towards wide diversity of active site conformations (long tunnels, deep and superficial funnels, shallow bowls, and a narrow buried cave) resembling that of lipases, cutinases, and esterases. A set of seven LysB enzymes were recombinantly produced; their activity against p-nitrophenyl esters could be related to their active site conformation and acyl binding site. LysB-D29 (long tunnel) showed the highest activity with long chain p-nitrophenyl palmitate followed by LysB-Omega (shallow bowl) and LysB-Saal (deep funnel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Korany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.H.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Adel Abouhmad
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Walid Bakeer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.H.K.); (W.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 26511, Egypt;
| | - Tamer Essam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (T.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Magdy A. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (T.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 26511, Egypt;
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11
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Larrañaga A, Lizundia E. A review on the thermomechanical properties and biodegradation behaviour of polyesters. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Wang F, Chen W, Abousalham A, Yang B, Wang Y. Exploring the influence of phospholipid monolayer conformation and environmental conditions on the interfacial binding of Gibberella Zeae lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1051-1056. [PMID: 30922913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of different parameters on Gibberella zeae lipase (GZEL) membrane binding were characterized by using monomolecular film technology and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Among four kinds of phospholipid monolayers, 1,2‑dimyristoyl‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphoethanolamine have the highest maximum insertion pressure (MIP) value. Comparing the GZEL adsorption to phosphatidylcholine monolayers with different acyl chains in sn-1 and sn-2 positions, the higher MIP values were found for 1,2‑dilauroyl‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphocholine. Significantly improvement between 1,2‑dioleoyl‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphocholine and 1,2‑distearoyl‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphocholine suggested that the presence of fatty acid unsaturation may affect protein adsorption by changing the chemical structure in each phospholipid. The MIP value was shown higher (48.6 mN m-1) at pH 5 and pH 6 (47.5 ± 1.9 mN m-1) but decreased significantly (34.2 mN m-1) at pH 9. This may indicate that the proportion of helices in the protein decreases with the alteration of the catalytic center, thus affecting the binding of the protein to its substrate. The MIP values obviously decreased with increasing salt ion concentration, suggesting that excessive salt ion concentration may destabilize the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein, thereby affecting the characteristics of its adsorption at the interfaces. Present studies improve our understanding on the protein-membrane interaction of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wuchong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Abdelkarim Abousalham
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Métabolisme, Enzymes et Mécanismes Moléculaires (MEM(2)), Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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13
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Kasmi N, Wahbi M, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and characterization of two new biobased poly(pentylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) copolyesters with enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Cheng C, Jiang T, Wu Y, Cui L, Qin S, He B. Elucidation of lid open and orientation of lipase activated in interfacial activation by amphiphilic environment. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1211-1217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Álvarez-Cao ME, González R, Pernas MA, Rúa ML. Contribution of the Oligomeric State to the Thermostability of Isoenzyme 3 from Candida rugosa. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E108. [PMID: 30347699 PMCID: PMC6313406 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic proteins have evolved different strategies to maintain structure and function at high temperatures; they have large, hydrophobic cores, and feature increased electrostatic interactions, with disulfide bonds, salt-bridging, and surface charges. Oligomerization is also recognized as a mechanism for protein stabilization to confer a thermophilic adaptation. Mesophilic proteins are less thermostable than their thermophilic homologs, but oligomerization plays an important role in biological processes on a wide variety of mesophilic enzymes, including thermostabilization. The mesophilic yeast Candida rugosa contains a complex family of highly related lipase isoenzymes. Lip3 has been purified and characterized in two oligomeric states, monomer (mLip3) and dimer (dLip3), and crystallized in a dimeric conformation, providing a perfect model for studying the effects of homodimerization on mesophilic enzymes. We studied kinetics and stability at different pHs and temperatures, using the response surface methodology to compare both forms. At the kinetic level, homodimerization expanded Lip3 specificity (serving as a better catalyst on soluble substrates). Indeed, dimerization increased its thermostability by more than 15 °C (maximum temperature for dLip3 was out of the experimental range; >50 °C), and increased the pH stability by nearly one pH unit, demonstrating that oligomerization is a viable strategy for the stabilization of mesophilic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Department of Food and Analytical Chemistry, Sciences Faculty of Ourense, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Roberto González
- Department of Food and Analytical Chemistry, Sciences Faculty of Ourense, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María A Pernas
- Department of Food and Analytical Chemistry, Sciences Faculty of Ourense, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Rúa
- Department of Food and Analytical Chemistry, Sciences Faculty of Ourense, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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16
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Papadopoulos L, Magaziotis A, Nerantzaki M, Terzopoulou Z, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(ethylene furanoate-co-adipate) random copolyesters with enhanced biodegradability. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Navvabi A, Razzaghi M, Fernandes P, Karami L, Homaei A. Novel lipases discovery specifically from marine organisms for industrial production and practical applications. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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IR spectroscopy analysis of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 interaction with phospholipids: 1. Discriminative recognition of mixed micelles versus liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 211:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Karray A, Bou Ali M, Kharrat N, Gargouri Y, Bezzine S. Antibacterial, antifungal and anticoagulant activities of chicken PLA2 group V expressed in Pichia pastoris. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:127-134. [PMID: 29129630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Secretory class V phospholipase A2 (PLA2-V) has been shown to be involved in inflammatory processes in cellular studies, but the biochemical and physical properties of this important enzyme have been unclear. As a first step towards understanding the structure, function and regulation of this PLA2, we report the expression and characterization of PLA2-V from chicken (ChPLA2-V). The ChPLA2-V cDNA was synthesized from chicken heart polyA mRNA by RT-PCR, and an expression construct containing the PLA2 was established. After expression in Pichia pastoris cells, the active enzyme was purified. The purified ChPLA2-V protein was biochemically and physiologically characterized. The recombinant ChPLA2-V has an absolute requirement for Ca2+ for enzymatic activity. The optimum pH for this enzyme is pH 8.5 in Tris-HCl buffer with phosphatidylcholine as substrate. ChPLA2-V was found to display potent Gram-positive and Gram-negative bactericidal activity and antifungal activity in vitro. The purified enzyme ChPLA2-V with much stronger anticoagulant activity compared with the intestinal and pancreatic chicken PLA2-V was approximately 10 times more active. Chicken group V PLA2, like mammal one, may be considered as a future therapeutic agents against fungal and bacterial infections and as an anticoagulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Madiha Bou Ali
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nedia Kharrat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofiane Bezzine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS Route de Soukra, université de Sfax, Tunisia.
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20
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Sams L, Amara S, Chakroun A, Coudre S, Paume J, Giallo J, Carrière F. Constitutive expression of human gastric lipase in Pichia pastoris and site-directed mutagenesis of key lid-stabilizing residues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1025-1034. [PMID: 28694218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding human gastric lipase (HGL) was integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris using the pGAPZα A transfer vector. The HGL signal peptide was replaced by the yeast α-factor to achieve an efficient secretion. Active rHGL was produced by the transformed yeast but its levels and stability were dependent on the pH. The highest activity was obtained upon buffering the culture medium at pH5, a condition that allowed preserving enzyme activity over time. A large fraction (72±2%) of secreted rHGL remained however bound to the yeast cells, and was released by washing the cell pellet with an acid glycine-HCl buffer (pH2.2). This procedure allowed establishing a first step of purification that was completed by size exclusion chromatography. N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry revealed that rHGL was produced in its mature form, with a global mass of 50,837±32Da corresponding to a N-glycosylated form of HGL polypeptide (43,193Da). rHGL activity was characterized as a function of pH, various substrates and in the presence of bile salts and pepsin, and was found similar to native HGL, except for slight changes in pH optima. We then studied by site-directed mutagenesis the role of three key residues (K4, E225, R229) involved in salt bridges stabilizing the lid domain that controls the access to the active site and is part of the interfacial recognition site. Their substitution has an impact on the pH-dependent activity of rHGL and its relative activities on medium and long chain triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sams
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UMR7282, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France; GERME S.A., Technopôle Marseille Provence Château-Gombert, ZAC la Baronne, 12 Rue Marc Donadille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sawsan Amara
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UMR7282, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France; Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Almahdi Chakroun
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UMR7282, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Sébastien Coudre
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UMR7282, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Julie Paume
- GERME S.A., Technopôle Marseille Provence Château-Gombert, ZAC la Baronne, 12 Rue Marc Donadille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jacqueline Giallo
- GERME S.A., Technopôle Marseille Provence Château-Gombert, ZAC la Baronne, 12 Rue Marc Donadille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse UMR7282, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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21
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The smooth-hound lipolytic system: Biochemical characterization of a purified digestive lipase, lipid profile and in vitro oil digestibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:1120-1129. [PMID: 28476598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify fish enzymes displaying novel biochemical properties, we choose the common smooth-hound (Mustelus mustelus) as a starting biological material to characterize the digestive lipid hydrolyzing enzyme. A smooth-hound digestive lipase (SmDL) was purified from a delipidated pancreatic powder. The SmDL molecular weight was around 50kDa. Specific activities of 2200 and 500U/mg were measured at pH 9 and 40°C using tributyrin and olive oil emulsion as substrates, respectively. Unlike known mammal pancreatic lipases, the SmDL was stable at 50°C and it retained 90% of its initial activity after 15min of incubation at 60°C. Interestingly, bile salts act as an activator of the SmDL. It's worth to notice that the SmDL was also salt-tolerant since it was active in the presence of high salt concentrations reaching 0.8M. Fatty acid (FA) analysis of oil from the smooth-hound viscera showed a dominance of unsaturated ones (UFAs). Interestingly, the major n-3 fatty acids were DHA and EPA with contents of 18.07% and 6.14%, respectively. In vitro digestibility model showed that the smooth hound oil was efficiently hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipases, which suggests the higher assimilation of fish oils by consumers.
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22
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Ben Bacha A, Al-Assaf A, Moubayed NMS, Abid I. Evaluation of a novel thermo-alkaline Staphylococcus aureus lipase for application in detergent formulations. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:409-417. [PMID: 29686504 PMCID: PMC5910647 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular lipase of a newly isolated S. aureus strain ALA1 (SAL4) was purified from the optimized culture medium. The SAL4 specific activity determined at 60 °C and pH 12 by using olive oil emulsion or TC4, reached 7215 U/mg and 2484 U/mg, respectively. The 38 NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme starting with two extra amino acid residues (LK) was similar to known staphylococcal lipase sequences. This novel lipase maintained almost 100% and 75% of its full activity in a pH range of 4.0-12 after a 24 h incubation or after 0.5 h treatment at 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SAL4 displayed appreciable stability toward oxidizing agents, anionic and non-ionic surfactants in addition to its compatibility with several commercial detergents. Overall, these interesting characteristics make this new lipase promising for its application in detergent industry.
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Key Words
- Characterization
- Detergent-stable
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholic acid
- NaTDC, sodium taurodeoxy cholic acid
- OD, optical density
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Purification
- S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus
- SAL, Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEL, Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase
- SHyL, Staphylococcus hyicus lipase
- SL1, Staphylococcus sp. lipase
- SSL, Staphylococcus simulans lipase
- SXL, Staphylococcus xylosus lipase
- Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- TC18, triolein
- TC3, tripropionin
- TC4, tributryin
- TC8, trioctanoin
- TFA, tri fluoroacetic acid
- Thermo-alkaline
- rDNA, ribosomal deoxy ribo nucleic acid
- rpm, revolutions per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Alaa Al-Assaf
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islem Abid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Lipases from the genus Rhizopus : Characteristics, expression, protein engineering and application. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Bouchaâla E, BouAli M, Ali YB, Miled N, Gargouri Y, Fendri A. Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Modeling of Pancreatic Lipase from a Cartilaginous Fish, the Common Stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:151-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Camacho-Ruiz MDLA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Carrière F, Rodriguez JA. A broad pH range indicator-based spectrophotometric assay for true lipases using tributyrin and tricaprylin. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1057-67. [PMID: 25748441 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d052837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous assay is proposed for the screening of acidic, neutral, or alkaline lipases using microtiter plates, emulsified short- and medium-chain TGs, and a pH indicator. The lipase activity measurement is based on the decrease of the pH indicator optical density due to protonation which is caused by the release of FFAs during the hydrolysis of TGs and thus acidification. Purified lipases with distinct pH optima and an esterase were used to validate the method. The rate of lipolysis was found to be linear with time and proportional to the amount of enzyme added in each case. Specific activities measured with this microplate assay method were lower than those obtained by the pH-stat technique. Nevertheless, the pH-dependent profiles of enzymatic activity were similar with both assays. In addition, the substrate preference of each enzyme tested was not modified and this allowed discriminating lipase and esterase activities using tributyrin (low water solubility) and tricaprylin (not water soluble) as substrates. This continuous lipase assay is compatible with a high sample throughput and can be applied for the screening of lipases and lipase inhibitors from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7282 Enzymologie Interfaciale et Physiologie de la Lipolyse, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jorge A Rodriguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, CIATEJ A.C., 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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26
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Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang L, Gan JH, Ding Y, Huang W, Huo FW, Tian D. A fluorescence nanosensor for lipase activity: enzyme-regulated quantum dots growth in situ. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08902f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel analytical assay to detect the lipase activity was based on the enzyme-regulated quantum dots growth in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jian-hong Gan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yaqi Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Feng-wei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Danbi Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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27
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Hertadi R, Widhyastuti H. Effect of Ca2+ Ion to the Activity and Stability of Lipase Isolated from Chromohalobacter japonicus BK-AB18. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Roussel A, Amara S, Nyyssölä A, Mateos-Diaz E, Blangy S, Kontkanen H, Westerholm-Parvinen A, Carrière F, Cambillau C. A Cutinase from Trichoderma reesei with a lid-covered active site and kinetic properties of true lipases. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3757-3772. [PMID: 25219509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutinases belong to the α/β-hydrolase fold family of enzymes and degrade cutin and various esters, including triglycerides, phospholipids and galactolipids. Cutinases are able to degrade aggregated and soluble substrates because, in contrast with true lipases, they do not have a lid covering their catalytic machinery. We report here the structure of a cutinase from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Tr) in native and inhibitor-bound conformations, along with its enzymatic characterization. A rare characteristic of Tr cutinase is its optimal activity at acidic pH. Furthermore, Tr cutinase, in contrast with classical cutinases, possesses a lid covering its active site and requires the presence of detergents for activity. In addition to the presence of the lid, the core of the Tr enzyme is very similar to other cutinase cores, with a central five-stranded β-sheet covered by helices on either side. The catalytic residues form a catalytic triad involving Ser164, His229 and Asp216 that is covered by the two N-terminal helices, which form the lid. This lid opens in the presence of surfactants, such as β-octylglucoside, and uncovers the catalytic crevice, allowing a C11Y4 phosphonate inhibitor to bind to the catalytic serine. Taken together, these results reveal Tr cutinase to be a member of a new group of lipolytic enzymes resembling cutinases but with kinetic and structural features of true lipases and a heightened specificity for long-chain triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Roussel
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Antti Nyyssölä
- VTT Biotechnology, P. O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Eduardo Mateos-Diaz
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR7282, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille Cedex 09, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Abstract
Metagenomics deals with the isolation of genetic material directly recovered from environmental samples. Metagenomics as an approach has emerged over the past two decades to elucidate a host of microbial communities inhabiting a specific niche with the goal of understanding their genetic diversity, population structure, and ecological role played by them. A number of new and novel molecules with significant functionalities and applications have been identified through this approach. In fact, many investigators are engaged in this field to unlock the untapped genetic resources with funding from governments sector. The sustainable economic future of modern industrialized societies requires the development of novel molecules, enzymes, processes, products, and applications. Metagenomics can also be applied to solve practical challenges in the field of medicine, agriculture, sustainability, and ecology. Metagenomics promises to provide new molecules and novel enzymes with diverse functions and enhanced features compared to the enzymes from the culturable microorganisms. Besides the application of metagenomics for unlocking novel biocatalysts from nature, it also has found applications in fields as diverse as bioremediation, personalized medicine, xenobiotic metabolism, and so forth.
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30
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile human opportunistic pathogen that produces and secretes an arsenal of enzymes, proteins and small molecules many of which serve as virulence factors. Notably, about 40 % of P. aeruginosa genes code for proteins of unknown function, among them more than 80 encoding putative, but still unknown lipolytic enzymes. This group of hydrolases (EC 3.1.1) is known already for decades, but only recently, several of these enzymes have attracted attention as potential virulence factors. Reliable and reproducible enzymatic activity assays are crucial to determine their physiological function and particularly assess their contribution to pathogenicity. As a consequence of the unique biochemical properties of lipids resulting in the formation of micellar structures in water, the reproducible preparation of substrate emulsions is strongly dependent on the method used. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the respective substrate emulsion may drastically affect the activities of the tested lipolytic enzymes. Here, we describe common methods for the activity determination of lipase, esterase, phospholipase, and lysophospholipase. These methods cover lipolytic activity assays carried out in vitro, with cell extracts or separated subcellular compartments and with purified enzymes. We have attempted to describe standardized protocols, allowing the determination and comparison of enzymatic activities of lipolytic enzymes from different sources. These methods should also encourage the Pseudomonas community to address the wealth of still unexplored lipolytic enzymes encoded and produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Research Centre Juelich Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, D-52426, Juelich, Germany,
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31
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Bikiaris DN. Nanocomposites of aliphatic polyesters: An overview of the effect of different nanofillers on enzymatic hydrolysis and biodegradation of polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Bou Ali M, Karray A, Gargouri Y, Ben Ali Y. N-terminal domain of turkey pancreatic lipase is active on long chain triacylglycerols and stabilized by colipase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71605. [PMID: 23977086 PMCID: PMC3745449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding the TPL N-terminal domain (N-TPL), fused with a His6-tag, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris, under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) constitutive promoter. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed and secreted with an expression level of 5 mg/l of culture medium after 2 days of culture. The N-TPL was purified through a one-step Ni-NTA affinity column with a purification factor of approximately 23-fold. The purified N-TPL, with a molecular mass of 35 kDa, had a specific activity of 70 U/mg on tributyrin. Surprisingly, this domain was able to hydrolyse long chain TG with a specific activity of 11 U/mg using olive oil as substrate. This result was confirmed by TLC analysis showing that the N-TPL was able to hydrolyse insoluble substrates as olive oil. N-TPL was unstable at temperatures over 37°C and lost 70% of its activity at acid pH, after 5 min of incubation. The N-TPL exhibited non linear kinetics, indicating its rapid denaturation at the tributyrin–water interface. Colipase increased the N-TPL stability at the lipid-water interface, so the TPL N-terminal domain probably formed functional interactions with colipase despite the absence of the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Bou Ali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
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33
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Zhou X, Gao Q, Feng W, Pan K. Immobilization of Yarrowia lipolyticaLipase on Bamboo Charcoal to Resolve ( R, S)-Phenylethanol in Organic Medium. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Li Q, Fan F, Wang Y, Feng W, Ji P. Enzyme Immobilization on Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Catalysis in Organic Solvent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400558u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Feng
- Department of Biochemical
Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peijun Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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35
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Zarai Z, Ali MB, Fendri A, Louati H, Mejdoub H, Gargouri Y. Purification and biochemical properties of Hexaplex trunculus digestive lipase. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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New tools for exploring "old friends-microbial lipases". Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1163-96. [PMID: 22956276 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fat-splitting enzymes (lipases), due to their natural, industrial, and medical relevance, attract enough attention as fats do in our lives. Starting from the paper that we write, cheese and oil that we consume, detergent that we use to remove oil stains, biodiesel that we use as transportation fuel, to the enantiopure drugs that we use in therapeutics, all these applications are facilitated directly or indirectly by lipases. Due to their uniqueness, versatility, and dexterity, decades of research work have been carried out on microbial lipases. The hunt for novel lipases and strategies to improve them continues unabated as evidenced by new families of microbial lipases that are still being discovered mostly by metagenomic approaches. A separate database for true lipases termed LIPABASE has been created recently which provides taxonomic, structural, biochemical information about true lipases from various species. The present review attempts to summarize new approaches that are employed in various aspects of microbial lipase research, viz., screening, isolation, production, purification, improvement by protein engineering, and surface display. Finally, novel applications facilitated by microbial lipases are also presented.
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37
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Dermer J, Fuchs G. Molybdoenzyme that catalyzes the anaerobic hydroxylation of a tertiary carbon atom in the side chain of cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36905-16. [PMID: 22942275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a ubiquitous hydrocarbon compound that can serve as substrate for microbial growth. This steroid and related cyclic compounds are recalcitrant due to their low solubility in water, complex ring structure, the presence of quaternary carbon atoms, and the low number of functional groups. Aerobic metabolism therefore makes use of reactive molecular oxygen as co-substrate of oxygenases to hydroxylate and cleave the sterane ring system. Consequently, anaerobic metabolism must substitute oxygenase-catalyzed steps by O(2)-independent hydroxylases. Here we show that one of the initial reactions of anaerobic cholesterol metabolism in the β-proteobacterium Sterolibacterium denitrificans is catalyzed by an unprecedented enzyme that hydroxylates the tertiary C25 atom of the side chain without molecular oxygen forming a tertiary alcohol. This steroid C25 dehydrogenase belongs to the dimethyl sulfoxide dehydrogenase molybdoenzyme family, the closest relative being ethylbenzene dehydrogenase. It is a heterotrimer, which is probably located at the periplasmic side of the membrane and contains one molybdenum cofactor, five [Fe-S] clusters, and one heme b. The draft genome of the organism contains several genes coding for related enzymes that probably replace oxygenases in steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Dermer
- Lehrstuhl Mikrobiologie, Fakultät Biologie, Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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38
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Romdhan IBB, Fendri A, Frikha F, Gargouri A, Belghith H. Purification, physico-chemical and kinetic properties of the deglycosylated Talaromyces thermophilus lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:892-900. [PMID: 22766036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Talaromyces thermophilus strain produces only one form of lipase called TTLI. When the culture medium was concentrated and stored at 4°C during a few days, we noticed the appearance of a second short form of lipase named TTLII. This second form was purified to homogeneity using gel filtration and FPLC-Anion exchange chromatography. The NH(2)-terminal 24 amino acid residues were found to be identical to those of TTLI. The treatment of the TTLI with endoglycosidase H decreased its apparent molecular weight from 39 to 30kDa which corresponds to the molecular weight of TTLII. This difference was mostly attributed to the N-glycosylation of the enzyme. In fact, the glycan chain content and concavaline A-Sepharose affinity column confirmed that the TTLII was completely deglycosylated. Compared to TTLI, the TTLII activity was completely decreased over a broad range of temperature and pH. Furthermore, the deglycosylation of the enzyme reduced its specific activity by 50% toward different substrates; strongly suggest that the N-glycans are determinants for optimal catalytic activity and thermal stability of this enzyme. Covalent immobilization of the enzymes on supports suggests the involvement of the glycan moiety in enzyme-polymer interactions. In the case of TTLI the glycan moiety can constitute an extra site for the covalent linkage of the enzyme on the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines belhaj-ben Romdhan
- Laboratoire de Valorisation de la Biomasse et Production des Protéines chez les Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologies de Sfax, BP «1177» 3018 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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39
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A thermoactive uropygial esterase from chicken: Purification, characterisation and synthesis of flavour esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:1238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Graebin NG, Martins AB, Lorenzoni ASG, Garcia-Galan C, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Ayub MAZ, Rodrigues RC. Immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica on porous styrene-divinylbenzene beads improves butyl acetate synthesis. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:406-12. [PMID: 22271615 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new biocatalyst of lipase B from Candida antarctica (MCI-CALB) immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads (MCI GEL CHP20P) was compared with the commercial Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase) in terms of their performances as biocatalysts for the esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol. The effects of experimental conditions on reaction rates differed for each biocatalyst, showing different optimal values for water content, temperature, and substrate molar ratio. MCI-CALB could be used at higher acid concentrations, up to 0.5 M, while Novozym 435 became inactivated at these acid concentrations. Although Novozym 435 exhibited 30% higher initial activity than MCI-CALB for the butyl acetate synthesis, the reaction course was much more linear using the new preparation, meaning that the MCI-CALB allows for higher productivities per cycle. Both preparations produced around 90% of yield conversions after only 2 h of reaction, using 10% (mass fraction) of enzyme. However, the main advantage of the new biocatalyst was the superior performance during reuse. While Novozym 435 was fully inactivated after only two batches, MCI-CALB could be reused for six consecutive cycles without any washings and keeping around 70% of its initial activity. It is proposed that this effect is due to the higher hydrophobicity of the new support, which does not retain water or acid in the enzyme environment. MCI-CALB has shown to be a very promising biocatalyst for the esterification of small-molecule acids and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália G Graebin
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, Av. Bento Gonçalves, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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41
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Ali YB, Verger R, Abousalham A. Lipases or esterases: does it really matter? Toward a new bio-physico-chemical classification. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 861:31-51. [PMID: 22426710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-600-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylester hydrolases, commonly named esterases, consist of a large spectrum of enzymes defined by their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds and are widely distributed among animals, plants, and microorganisms. Lipases are lipolytic enzymes which constitute a special class of carboxylic esterases capable of releasing long-chain fatty acids from natural water-insoluble carboxylic esters. However, up to now, several unsuccessful attempts aimed at differentiating "lipases" from "esterases" by using various criteria. These criteria were based on the first substrate used chronologically, primary sequence comparisons, some kinetic parameters, or some structural features.Lipids are biological compounds which, by definition, are insoluble in water. Taking into account this basic physico-chemical criterion, we primarily distinguish lipolytic esterases (L, acting on lipids) from nonlipolytic esterases (NL, not acting on lipids). In view of the biochemical data accumulated up to now, we proposed a new classification of esterases based on various criteria of physico-chemical, chemical, anatomical, or cellular nature. We believe that the present attempt matters scientifically for several reasons: (1) to help newcomers in the field, performing a few key experiments to figure out if a newly isolated esterase is lipolytic or not; (2) to clarify a debate between scientists in the field; and (3) to formulate questions which are relevant to the still unsolved problem of the structure-function relationships of esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ben Ali
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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42
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Mateos-Díaz E, Rodríguez JA, de Los Ángeles Camacho-Ruiz M, Mateos-Díaz JC. High-throughput screening method for lipases/esterases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 861:89-100. [PMID: 22426713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-600-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) methods for lipases and esterases are generally performed by using synthetic chromogenic substrates (e.g., p-nitrophenyl, resorufin, and umbelliferyl esters) which may be misleading since they are not their natural substrates (e.g., partially or insoluble triglycerides). In previous works, we have shown that soluble nonchromogenic substrates and p-nitrophenol (as a pH indicator) can be used to quantify the hydrolysis and estimate the substrate selectivity of lipases and esterases from several sources. However, in order to implement a spectrophotometric HTS method using partially or insoluble triglycerides, it is necessary to find particular conditions which allow a quantitative detection of the enzymatic activity. In this work, we used Triton X-100, CHAPS, and N-lauroyl sarcosine as emulsifiers, β-cyclodextrin as a fatty acid captor, and two substrate concentrations, 1 mM of tributyrin (TC4) and 5 mM of trioctanoin (TC8), to improve the test conditions. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we screened 12 enzymes (commercial preparations and culture broth extracts) for the hydrolysis of TC4 and TC8, which are both classical substrates for lipases and esterases (for esterases, only TC4 may be hydrolyzed). Subsequent pH-stat experiments were performed to confirm the preference of substrate hydrolysis with the hydrolases tested. We have shown that this method is very useful for screening a high number of lipases (hydrolysis of TC4 and TC8) or esterases (only hydrolysis of TC4) from wild isolates or variants generated by directed evolution using nonchromogenic triglycerides directly in the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateos-Díaz
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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43
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Cherif S, Mnif S, Hadrich F, Abdelkafi S, Sayadi S. A newly high alkaline lipase: an ideal choice for application in detergent formulations. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:221. [PMID: 22123072 PMCID: PMC3276455 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial lipases received much attention for their substrate specificity and their ability to function in extreme environments (pH, temperature...). Many staphylococci produced lipases which were released into the culture medium. Reports of thermostable lipases from Staphylococcus sp. and active in alkaline conditions are not previously described. RESULTS A newly soil-isolated Staphylococcus sp. strain ESW secretes an induced lipase in the culture medium. The effects of temperature, pH and various components in a detergent on the activity and stability of Staphylococcus sp. lipase (SL1) were studied in a preliminary evaluation for use in detergent formulation solutions. The enzyme was highly active over a wide range of pH from 9.0 to 13.0, with an optimum at pH 12.0. The relative activity at pH 13.0 was about 60% of that obtained at pH 12.0. It exhibited maximal activity at 60°C. This novel lipase, showed extreme stability towards non-ionic and anionic surfactants after pre-incubation for 1 h at 40°C, and relative stability towards oxidizing agents. Additionally, the crude enzyme showed excellent stability and compatibility with various commercial solid and liquid detergents. CONCLUSIONS These properties added to the high activity in high alkaline pH make this novel lipase an ideal choice for application in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Cherif
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional (PER, AUF), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Mnif
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional (PER, AUF), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Hadrich
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional (PER, AUF), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional (PER, AUF), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régional (PER, AUF), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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44
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Abdelkafi S, Abousalham A. Kinetic study of sunflower phospholipase Dα: interactions with micellar substrate, detergents and metals. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:752-757. [PMID: 21353787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase Dα (PLDα) purified from six-day post-germinated sunflower seeds was inactive in vitro on bilamellar substrates. It was fully active on mixed micelles made with phospholipids and a mixture of Triton-X100 and SDS at equal concentrations. It had an absolute need for divalent ions and calcium ions at millimolar concentration were the most efficient. Calcium had two effects. Firstly, using the fluorescent probe 2-p-toluidinylnaphtalene-6-sulfonate, we showed that the enzyme was able to bind calcium with a dissociation constant of 40-50 mM. This high value is probably due to the modification of the C2 domain which lacks some coordination residues allowing the binding of the metal. Secondly, using turbidity measurements, we showed that the metal ions interact with the SDS contained in the mixed micelles thus leading to an aggregated form of the substrate which is more easily hydrolyzed by PLDα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Abdelkafi
- Organization and Dynamics of Biological Membranes, UMR 5246 ICBMS, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
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45
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Barbe S, Cortés J, Siméon T, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. A mixed molecular modeling-robotics approach to investigate lipase large molecular motions. Proteins 2011; 79:2517-29. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Exploring the conformational states and rearrangements of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase. Biophys J 2011; 99:2225-34. [PMID: 20923657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the 1.7 Å resolution crystal structure of the Lip2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica in its closed conformation. The Lip2 structure is highly homologous to known structures of the fungal lipase family (Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhizopus niveus, and Rhizomucor miehei lipases). However, it also presents some unique features that are described and discussed here in detail. Structural differences, in particular in the conformation adopted by the so-called lid subdomain, suggest that the opening mechanism of Lip2 may differ from that of other fungal lipases. Because the catalytic activity of lipases is strongly dependent on structural rearrangement of this mobile subdomain, we focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism of lid motion. Using the x-ray structure of Lip2, we carried out extensive molecular-dynamics simulations in explicit solvent environments (water and water/octane interface) to characterize the major structural rearrangements that the lid undergoes under the influence of solvent or upon substrate binding. Overall, our results suggest a two-step opening mechanism that gives rise first to a semi-open conformation upon adsorption of the protein at the water/organic solvent interface, followed by a further opening of the lid upon substrate binding.
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Romdhane IBB, Fendri A, Gargouri Y, Gargouri A, Belghith H. A novel thermoactive and alkaline lipase from Talaromyces thermophilus fungus for use in laundry detergents. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Template-based modeling of a psychrophilic lipase: Conformational changes, novel structural features and its application in predicting the enantioselectivity of lipase catalyzed transesterification of secondary alcohols. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:2183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Sagiroglu A, Arabaci N. Sunflower Seed Lipase: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 35:37-51. [PMID: 15704496 DOI: 10.1081/pb-200041442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure for the extraction of the lipolytic activity from sunflower seed has been developed. Various conditions of extraction have been optimized in order to obtain maximum yield of lipase. A new lipase enzyme was purified by the fractional salt precipitation from the supernatant, dialysis on a cellulose membrane, and gel column chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The lipase was monomeric, with an apparent Mr of 22 kDa and a pI of 8, with the electrophoretic analysis. Kinetics of the enzyme activity versus substrate concentration showed typical lipase behavior, with Km and Vmax, values of 1.33 mM and 555 U/mg. All triglycerides were efficiently hydrolyzed by the enzyme, but this showed a preference towards triglycerides of natural mono unsaturated fatty acids. The optimum temperature, pH, and incubation time for lipolytic activity were 50 degrees C, 7.5, and 5 min, respectively. The stability of the sunflower lipase was investigated under operational and storage conditions. It was found that this enzyme preserved its lipolytic activity at temperatures between at 35-50 degrees C, alkaline pH, and for a period of about four months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Sagiroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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50
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Leopoldini M, Russo N, Toscano M. Favored Reaction Mechanism of Calcium-Dependent Phospholipase A2. Insights from Density Functional Exploration. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11584-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1003819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Leopoldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d’Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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