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Wang M, Zhang F, Wang CQ, Yin N, Wang Y, Qin G, Xu Q, Gong J, Liu H, Duan X. Target-Binding Accelerated Response for Sensitive Detection of Basal H 2O 2 in Tumor Cells and Tissues via a Dual-Functional Fluorescence Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5962-5969. [PMID: 35380778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant production of H2O2 is involved in cancer. The levels of H2O2 are significantly higher in tumor cells than in normal cells. It is important to develop fluorescent probes to image basal H2O2 selectively in tumor cells. So far, a cancer cell-targeting probe to image basal H2O2 has not been reported. Thus, we developed a fluorescent probe, BBHP, which contains benzil as a H2O2-recognition site and biotin as a target binding motif for the selective and sufficient detection of H2O2 in tumor cells. BBHP enables a selective fluorescence turn-on response to H2O2. The binding of the probe with biotin receptors can greatly accelerate the fluorescence response to H2O2. As a result, BBHP can sufficiently image basal H2O2 in biotin receptor-positive cancer cells and tumor tissues. Finally, BBHP was successfully applied to discriminate between cancerous and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiu Wang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Qi Wang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yin
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guixin Qin
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingling Xu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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2
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Erkan M, Aydin Y, Orta Yilmaz B, Yildizbayrak N. Protective effects of vitamin C against fluoride toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Santos G, Borges JMP, Avila-Rodriguez M, Gaíno SB, Barreto GE, Rúbio ÉP, Aguiar RM, Galembeck E, Bromochenkel CB, de Oliveira DM. Copper and Neurotoxicity in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4747-4754. [PMID: 31845627 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191217091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals (FR) act on living organisms and present unpaired electrons in the molecular orbitals of oxygen or nitrogen species. They are classified as redox reactions and account for a wide range of processes in biological systems. Genetic and environmental factors may alter the levels of FR in the cell, leading to deleterious consequences such as membrane lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, enzyme, carbohydrate and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in premature aging and a pro-inflammatory microenvironment as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). O2 radical ability to act as a Lewis base and to form a complex with metal transition such as iron and copper (Lewis acids) leads to biomolecules oxidation at physiological pH, thus increasing the possibility of injury and oxidative damage in biological tissues. In this review, we discuss the role of metals, like copper, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) derivative (s-APP-alpha) as an antioxidant and a possible adjuvant in the treatment of some autistic spectrum disorder symptoms (ASD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesivaldo Santos
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julita M P Borges
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Érika P Rúbio
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Aguiar
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Galembeck
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Djalma M de Oliveira
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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4
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Pak YL, Park SJ, Song G, Yim Y, Kang H, Kim HM, Bouffard J, Yoon J. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Ratiometric N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane Probe for Two-Photon Microscopic Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12937-12943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Leng Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | | | - Yubin Yim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | | | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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5
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Bhowmick S, Drew KL. Arctic ground squirrel resist peroxynitrite-mediated cell death in response to oxygen glucose deprivation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:203-211. [PMID: 28962873 PMCID: PMC5699938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury initiates a cascade of events, generating nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide(O2•-) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant. Arctic ground squirrels (AGS; Urocitellus parryii) show high tolerance to I/R injury. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesize that tolerance to I/R modeled in an acute hippocampal slice preparation in AGS is modulated by reduced oxidative and nitrative stress. Hippocampal slices (400µm) from rat and AGS were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) using a novel microperfusion technique. Slices were exposed to NO, O2.- donors with and without OGD; pretreatment with inhibitors of NO, O2.- and ONOO- followed by OGD. Perfusates collected every 15min were analyzed for LDH release, a marker of cell death. 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) were measured to assess oxidative and nitrative stress. Results show that NO/O2.- alone is not sufficient to cause ischemic-like cell death, but with OGD enhances cell death more in rat than in AGS. A NOS inhibitor, SOD mimetic and ONOO- inhibitor attenuates OGD injury in rat but has no effect in AGS. Rats also show a higher level of 3NT and 4HNE with OGD than AGS suggesting the greater level of injury in rat is via formation of ONOO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
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6
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Xu Q, Heo CH, Kim JA, Lee HS, Hu Y, Kim D, Swamy KMK, Kim G, Nam SJ, Kim HM, Yoon J. A Selective Imidazoline-2-thione-Bearing Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorous Acid in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6615-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Heo
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Jin A. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hye Sue Lee
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Ying Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Kunemadihalli Mathada Kotraiah Swamy
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, V. L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur 584-103, Karnataka, India
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department
of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-749, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Mincheva-Tasheva S, Obis E, Tamarit J, Ros J. Apoptotic cell death and altered calcium homeostasis caused by frataxin depletion in dorsal root ganglia neurons can be prevented by BH4 domain of Bcl-xL protein. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:1829-41. [PMID: 24242291 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Major neurological symptoms of the disease are due to degeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. In this study we have explored the neurodegenerative events occurring by frataxin depletion on primary cultures of neurons obtained from rat DRGs. Reduction of 80% of frataxin levels in these cells was achieved by transduction with lentivirus containing shRNA silencing sequences. Frataxin depletion caused mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, neurite degeneration and apoptotic cell death. A marked increase of free intracellular Ca(2+) levels and alteration in Ca(2+)-mediated signaling pathways was also observed, thus suggesting that altered calcium homeostasis can play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration caused by frataxin deficiency. These deleterious effects were reverted by the addition of a cell-penetrant TAT peptide coupled to the BH4, the anti-apoptotic domain of Bcl-x(L). Treatment of cultured frataxin-depleted neurons with TAT-BH4 was able to restore the free intracellular Ca(2+) levels and protect the neurons from degeneration. These observations open the possibility of new therapies of FRDA based on modulating the Ca(2+) signaling and prevent apoptotic process to protect DRG neurons from neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka Mincheva-Tasheva
- Grup de Bioquímica de L'Estrès Oxidatiu, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRB Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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8
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Hartung H, Threlfell S, Cragg SJ. Nitric oxide donors enhance the frequency dependence of dopamine release in nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1811-22. [PMID: 21508928 PMCID: PMC3154099 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critically involved in normal as well as maladaptive motivated behaviors including drug addiction. Whether the striatal neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO) influences DA release in NAc is unknown. We investigated whether exogenous NO modulates DA transmission in NAc core and how this interaction varies depending on the frequency of presynaptic activation. We detected DA with cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes in mouse NAc in slices following stimuli spanning a full range of DA neuron firing frequencies (1-100 Hz). NO donors 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) or z-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PAPA/NONOate) enhanced DA release with increasing stimulus frequency. This NO-mediated enhancement of frequency sensitivity of DA release was not prevented by inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), DA transporters, or large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, and did not require glutamatergic or GABAergic input. However, experiments to identify whether frequency-dependent NO effects were mediated via changes in powerful acetylcholine-DA interactions revealed multiple components to NO modulation of DA release. In the presence of a nicotinic receptor antagonist (dihydro-β-erythroidine), NO donors increased DA release in a frequency-independent manner. These data suggest that NO in the NAc can modulate DA release through multiple GC-independent neuronal mechanisms whose net outcome varies depending on the activity in DA neurons and accumbal cholinergic interneurons. In the presence of accumbal acetylcholine, NO promotes the sensitivity of DA release to presynaptic activation, but with reduced acetylcholine input, NO will promote DA release in an activity-independent manner through a direct action on dopaminergic terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hartung
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [2] Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sarah Threlfell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Rattmann YD, Mendéz-Sánchez SC, Furian AF, Paludo KS, de Souza LM, Dartora N, Oliveira MS, Costa EMDS, Miguel OG, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M, Mello CF, Franco CRC, da Silva-Santos JE, Cadena SMSC, Marques MCA, Santos ARS. Standardized extract of Dicksonia sellowiana Presl. Hook (Dicksoniaceae) decreases oxidative damage in cultured endothelial cells and in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:999-1007. [PMID: 21094243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aging and a variety of pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases have been associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O₂·⁻), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation. Plant polyphenols bear radical scavenging/antioxidant activity. A phytomedicinal preparation obtained from aerial parts of Dicksonia sellowiana (Dicksoniaceae), a native plant from Central and South America, has been widely used in Brazil against asthma and presents beneficial effects in several other diseases, including cardiovascular disturbance. In this work, we investigated whether Dicksonia sellowiana, which is also known to contain high levels of polyphenols, presents antioxidant activity. METHODS The antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Dicksonia sellowiana leaves (HEDS) was investigated by in vitro and in vivo tests. RESULTS HEDS (0.1-100 μg/mL) exhibited a strong scavenging activity against all reactive species tested (DPPH, O₂·⁻,·OH and H₂O₂; IC₅₀=6.83±2.05, 11.6±5.4, 2.03±0.4, and 4.8±0.4 μg/mL, respectively). HEDS strongly protected endothelial cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress by mechanisms other than increasing catalase activity. In addition, HEDS protected cell membrane from oxidative damage. HEDS, (20 and 40 mg/kg) inhibited lipid peroxidation in vivo (29.8% and 24.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS According to our results, we can speculate that the traditional uses of Dicksonia sellowiana for cardiovascular diseases, asthma and skin diseases could be, at least in part, related to the potent antioxidant and endothelial protective activities of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna D Rattmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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10
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Yong QC, Choo CH, Tan BH, Low CM, Bian JS. Effect of hydrogen sulfide on intracellular calcium homeostasis in neuronal cells. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:508-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Sahoo R, Bhattacharjee A, Majumdar U, Ray SS, Dutta T, Ghosh S. A novel role of catalase in detoxification of peroxynitrite in S. cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:507-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Bertolini F, Novaroli L, Carrupt PA, Reist M. Novel screening assay for antioxidant protection against peroxyl radical‐induced loss of protein function. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2931-44. [PMID: 17705259 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage to proteins, implicated amongst other in the etiology and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), results in the loss of specific biological protein function. A simple, sensitive, and cost-effective fluorimetric test to assess the antioxidant capacity of new chemical entities to protect proteins from loss of activity caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was developed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as model protein. Protein oxidation was induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and the decrease in catalytic activity of ALP to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP) to fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was monitored as a marker of protein degradation. According to their capacity to protect ALP from peroxyl radical-induced activity loss, ten reference antioxidants were divided into three classes, namely efficient (pIC(50) > 5 for quercetin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, mangiferin, and resveratrol), intermediate (4 < pIC(50) < or = 5 for melatonin, trolox, and ascorbic acid), and poor antioxidants (pIC(50) < 4 for glutathione and D-mannitol). Multifunctional drugs, having the ability to interact with several disease-related targets are of interest in PD. Therefore, the capacity of three catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, entacapone, nitecapone, and tolcapone to protect ALP from oxidative damage was also investigated and found to be very similar to the most potent reference antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bertolini
- LCT-Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
Cisplatin is known to cause high-frequency neurosensory hearing loss. While reactive oxygen species have been shown to play a role, reactive nitrogen species have been implicated, but not proven to be involved, in cisplatin ototoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide (*NO) in cisplatin ototoxicity by administering aminoguanidine (AG), a relatively specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in conjunction with cisplatin. Rats were injected with cisplatin, AG, or both. Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) were measured before and 3 days after cisplatin administration. The cochlear tissue was then assayed for *NO and malondialdehyde. Cisplatin alone caused significant ABR threshold shifts at all stimuli tested, whereas AG alone caused no shifts. There was a significant reduction in threshold shift for clicks and 16 kHz tone bursts (but not 32 kHz) when AG was given with cisplatin. The malondialdehyde concentration (but not the *NO concentration) in the AG/cisplatin group was significantly lower than that of the cisplatin group. This suggests that AG reduces cisplatin ototoxicity by directly scavenging hydroxyl radicals. The iNOS pathway may play a role in the generation of free radicals and hearing loss resulting from cisplatin administration, but this conclusion was not supported by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Kelly
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, P.O. Box 19638, Springfield, IL 62794-9653, USA
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14
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Fontana M, Pecci L, Duprè S, Cavallini D. Antioxidant properties of sulfinates: protective effect of hypotaurine on peroxynitrite-dependent damage. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:111-6. [PMID: 14992269 DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000010439.99991.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that hypotaurine may function as an antioxidant in vivo. We investigated whether this compound can act as protective agent able to prevent damage from peroxynitrite, a strong oxidizing and nitrating agent that reacts with several biomolecules. The results showed that the compound efficiently protects tyrosine against nitration, alpha1-antiproteinase against inactivation, and human low-density lipoprotein against modification by peroxynitrite. Hypotaurine is also highly effective in inhibiting peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine in the presence of added bicarbonate. This result suggests that hypotaurine could play an important role as protective agent under physiological conditions. Moreover, it was found that cysteine sulfinic acid, but not taurine, possesses protective properties against peroxynitrite-dependent damage similar to hypotaurine. These findings indicate that the protective effects exerted by these compounds may be attributable to the presence of the sulfinic group oxidizable into sulfonate by scavenging peroxynitrite and/or its derived species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to being a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, much recent data suggest that C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes atherogenesis. Decreased endothelial NO and prostacyclin (PGI2) contribute to a proatherogenic and prothrombotic state. We have shown that CRP decreases endothelial NO synthase expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). PGI2 is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of CRP on PGI2 release from HAECs and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS HAECs and HCAECs were incubated with human CRP (0 to 50 microg/mL for 24 hours). The release of PGF-1alpha, a stable product of PGI2, was also assayed in the absence and presence of a potent agonist, A23187. CRP significantly decreased PGF-1alpha release from HAECs under basal (48% decrease, P<0.001; n=5) and stimulated (26% decrease, P<0.01; n=5) conditions. CRP had no effect on PGI2 synthase (PGIS) mass. By increasing both superoxide and inducible NO synthase, CRP resulted in increased nitration of PGIS by peroxynitrite. The increased nitration and decreased activity of PGIS by CRP was reversed with peroxynitrite scavengers. CONCLUSIONS Thus, CRP decreases PGI2 release from HAECs by inactivating PGIS via nitration, additionally contributing to its atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Venugopal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, Calif, USA
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16
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Peroxynitrite inactivates the human dopamine transporter by modification of cysteine 342: potential mechanism of neurotoxicity in dopamine neurons. J Neurosci 2002. [PMID: 12040046 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-11-04399.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) has been implicated as a causative factor in dopamine neuronal damage resulting from exposure to methamphetamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and it may be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's Disease. ONOO(-) causes a concentration-dependent and irreversible reduction in dopamine uptake by EM4 cells stably expressing the human dopamine transporter (hDAT). The effect of ONOO(-) is manifested as a reduction in V(max). Cysteine, dithiothreitol, glutathione, and N-acetyl-cysteine, reagents that interact directly with ONOO(-), prevent this inhibition, whereas a scavenger of hydroxyl radical (dimethylsulfoxide), hydrogen peroxide (catalase), and superoxide (superoxide dismutase) did not. Dopamine in the extracellular medium protects the hDAT from ONOO(-), whereas intracellular dopamine does not. Parachloromercuribenzoic acid and 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA), which share with ONOO(-) the ability to modify cysteine sulfhydryls, also inhibit hDAT function. ONOO(-) treatment lowers cysteine-specific labeling of the hDAT by MTSEA-biotin, suggesting that ONOO(-) reacts with one or more cysteines in hDAT. A mutant of hDAT (X7C) in which all intracellular and extracellular loop cysteines were mutated was resistant to inhibition by ONOO(-). Sensitivity to ONOO(-) was restored in mutants of hDAT in which reduced cysteines were present only in the first (C135) and third (C342) intracellular loops (CD-DAT), or in which C342 alone had been reintroduced into X7C (X7C-M342C). These results indicate that the hDAT is inhibited by ONOO(-) through oxidation of cysteine 342. Our studies also substantiate the possibility that drugs known to decrease DAT function in vivo (e.g., methamphetamine and MPTP) may exert their effects through ONOO(-)-mediated oxidative stress.
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17
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Peroxynitrite inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase: mediation by sulfhydryl oxidation, not tyrosine nitration. J Neurosci 1999. [PMID: 10575026 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-23-10289.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of dopamine (DA). TH activity is significantly diminished in Parkinson's disease (PD) and by the neurotoxic amphetamines, thereby accentuating the reductions in DA associated with these conditions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the damage to DA neurons seen in PD and in reaction to amphetamine drugs of abuse, so we investigated the hypothesis that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) could interfere with TH catalytic function. ONOO(-) caused a concentration-dependent inactivation of TH. The inactivation was associated with tyrosine nitration (maximum of four tyrosine residues nitrated per TH monomer) and extensive sulfhydryl oxidation. Tetranitromethane, which causes sulfhydryl oxidation at pH 6 and 8 but which nitrates tyrosines only at pH 8, inactivated TH equally at either pH. Bicarbonate protected TH from ONOO(-)-induced inactivation and sulfhydryl oxidation but increased significantly tyrosine nitration. PNU-101033 blocked ONOO(-)-induced tyrosine nitration in TH but could not prevent enzyme inactivation or sulfhydryl oxidation. Together, these results indicate that the inactivation of TH by ONOO(-) is mediated by sulfhydryl oxidation. The coincident nitration of tyrosine residues appears to exert little influence over TH catalytic function.
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Whiteman M, Szabó C, Halliwell B. Modulation of peroxynitrite- and hypochlorous acid-induced inactivation of alpha1-antiproteinase by mercaptoethylguanidine. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:1646-52. [PMID: 10323598 PMCID: PMC1565935 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Peroxynitrite is a cytotoxic species that can be formed, among other mechanisms, by the rapid reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide. Peroxynitrite formation has been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases, as has the formation of hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase. 2. There is considerable interest in the development of peroxynitrite scavengers as therapeutic agents. The thiol compound mercaptoethylguanidine has been suggested to fulfil this role since it has recently been shown to be not only a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase but also a scavenger of peroxynitrite. Indeed, it has been shown to be protective in some experimental models of circulatory shock and inflammation at plasma levels in the approximate range 100-300 microM. 3. One protein inactivated by peroxynitrite is the major inhibitor of serine proteinases in human body fluids, alpha1-antiproteinase. At high (250-1000 microM) concentrations, mercaptoethylguanidine was found to be effective in preventing peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration and alpha1-AP inactivation. 4. By contrast, lower concentrations of mercaptoethylguanidine (1-60 microM) enhanced the inactivation of alpha1-antiproteinase by peroxynitrite. 5. At all concentrations tested (1-1000 microM), mercaptoethylguanidine decreased the inactivation of alpha1-antiproteinase by hypochlorous acid. 6. We suggest that products of reaction of mercaptoethylguanidine with peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite-derived products could cause damage to alpha1-antiproteinase, and possibly other proteins in vivo, whereas scavenging of hypochlorous acid by mercaptoethylguanidine could contribute to its anti-inflammatory action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Whiteman
- International Antioxidant Research Centre, University of London, Kings College.
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