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Yang X, Xu Z, Hu S, Shen J. Perspectives of PDE inhibitor on treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111393. [PMID: 36865908 PMCID: PMC9973527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) without an identifiable cause. If not treated after diagnosis, the average life expectancy is 3-5 years. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of IPF are Pirfenidone and Nintedanib, as antifibrotic drugs, which can reduce the decline rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) and reduce the risk of acute exacerbation of IPF. However these drugs can not relieve the symptoms associated with IPF, nor improve the overall survival rate of IPF patients. We need to develop new, safe and effective drugs to treat pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that cyclic nucleotides participate in the pathway and play an essential role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) is involved in cyclic nucleotide metabolism, so PDE inhibitors are candidates for pulmonary fibrosis. This paper reviews the research progress of PDE inhibitors related to pulmonary fibrosis, so as to provide ideas for the development of anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | | | - Songhua Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
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Harford TJ, Grove L, Rezaee F, Scheraga R, Olman MA, Piedimonte G. RSV infection potentiates TRPV 1-mediated calcium transport in bronchial epithelium of asthmatic children. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L1074-L1084. [PMID: 33787326 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00531.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is expressed in human bronchial epithelium (HBE), where it transduces Ca2+ in response to airborne irritants. TRPV1 activation results in bronchoconstriction, cough, and mucus production, and may therefore contribute to the pathophysiology of obstructive airway disease. Since children with asthma face the greatest risk of developing virus-induced airway obstruction, we hypothesized that changes in TRPV1 expression, localization, and function in the airway epithelium may play a role in bronchiolitis and asthma in childhood. We sought to measure TRPV1 protein expression, localization, and function in HBE cells from children with versus without asthma, both at baseline and after RSV infection. We determined changes in TRPV1 protein expression, subcellular localization, and function both at baseline and after RSV infection in primary HBE cells from normal children and children with asthma. Basal TRPV1 protein expression was higher in HBE from children with versus without asthma and primarily localized to plasma membranes (PMs). During RSV infection, TRPV1 protein increased more in the PM of asthmatic HBE as compared with nonasthmatic cells. TRPV1-mediated increase in intracellular Ca2+ was greater in RSV-infected asthmatic cells, but this increase was attenuated when extracellular Ca2+ was removed. Nerve growth factor (NGF) recapitulated the effect of RSV on TRPV1 activation in HBE cells. Our data suggest that children with asthma have intrinsically hyperreactive airways due in part to higher TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ influx across epithelial membranes, and this abnormality is further exacerbated by NGF overexpression during RSV infection driving additional Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri J Harford
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lisa Grove
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Baek SJ, Chun JM, Kang TW, Seo YS, Kim SB, Seong B, Jang Y, Shin GH, Kim C. Identification of Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Descurainia sophia Seed Extract Based on a Multi-Omics Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112879. [PMID: 30400597 PMCID: PMC6278437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma, a heterogeneous disease of the airways, is common around the world, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between DNA methylation and gene expression in relation to this disease. The seeds of Descurainia sophia are traditionally used to treat coughs, asthma and edema, but their effects on asthma have not been investigated by multi-omics analysis. We undertook this study to assess the epigenetic effects of ethanol extract of D. sophia seeds (DSE) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model of asthma. We profiled genome-wide DNA methylation by Methyl-seq and characterized the transcriptome by RNA-seq in mouse lung tissue under three conditions: saline control, OVA-induced, and DSE-treated. In total, 1995 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in association with anti-asthmatic effects, most in promoter and coding regions. Among them, 25 DMRs were negatively correlated with the expression of the corresponding 18 genes. These genes were related to development of the lung, respiratory tube and respiratory system. Our findings provide insights into the anti-asthmatic effects of D. sophia seeds and reveal the epigenetic targets of anti-inflammatory processes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Baek
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Korea.
| | - Jin Mi Chun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Korea.
| | - Yun-Soo Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Boseok Seong
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Yunji Jang
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Ga-Hee Shin
- Bioinformatics Group, R&D Center, Insilicogen Corporation, 35, Techno 9-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34027, Korea.
| | - Chul Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Brown PM, Schneeberger DL, Piedimonte G. Biomarkers of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection: specific neutrophil and cytokine levels provide increased accuracy in predicting disease severity. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:232-40. [PMID: 26074450 PMCID: PMC4656140 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite fundamental advances in the research on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) since its initial identification almost 60 years ago, recurring failures in developing vaccines and pharmacologic strategies effective in controlling the infection have allowed RSV to become a leading cause of global infant morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the burden of this infection on families and health care organizations worldwide continues to escalate and its financial costs are growing. Furthermore, strong epidemiologic evidence indicates that early-life lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV lead to the development of recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. While some progress has been made in the identification of reliable biomarkers for RSV bronchiolitis, a "one size fits all" biomarker capable of accurately and consistently predicting disease severity and post-acute outcomes has yet to be discovered. Therefore, it is of great importance on a global scale to identify useful biomarkers for this infection that will allow pediatricians to cost-effectively predict the clinical course of the disease, as well as monitor the efficacy of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Center for Pediatric Research, Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospitals, The Cleveland Clinic.
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Prakash YS, Martin RJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the airways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:74-86. [PMID: 24560686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their well-known roles in the nervous system, there is increasing recognition that neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as their receptors are expressed in peripheral tissues including the lung, and can thus potentially contribute to both normal physiology and pathophysiology of several diseases. The relevance of this family of growth factors lies in emerging clinical data indicating altered neurotrophin levels and function in a range of diseases including neonatal and adult asthma, sinusitis, influenza, and lung cancer. The current review focuses on 1) the importance of BDNF expression and signaling mechanisms in early airway and lung development, critical to both normal neonatal lung function and also its disruption in prematurity and insults such as inflammation and infection; 2) how BDNF, potentially derived from airway nerves modulate neurogenic control of airway tone, a key aspect of airway reflexes as well as dysfunctional responses to allergic inflammation; 3) the emerging idea that local BDNF production by resident airway cells such as epithelium and airway smooth muscle can contribute to normal airway structure and function, and to airway hyperreactivity and remodeling in diseases such as asthma. Furthermore, given its pleiotropic effects in the airway, BDNF may be a novel and appealing therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Prakash YS. Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L912-33. [PMID: 24142517 PMCID: PMC3882535 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in ASM function are central to the manifestation of allergic, inflammatory, and fibrotic airway diseases in both children and adults, as well as to airway responses to local and environmental exposures. Emerging evidence points to novel signaling mechanisms within ASM cells of different species that serve to control diverse features, including 1) [Ca(2+)]i contractility and relaxation, 2) cell proliferation and apoptosis, 3) production and modulation of extracellular components, and 4) release of pro- vs. anti-inflammatory mediators and factors that regulate immunity as well as the function of other airway cell types, such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These diverse effects of ASM "activity" result in modulation of bronchoconstriction vs. bronchodilation relevant to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway thickening, and fibrosis that influence compliance. This perspective highlights recent discoveries that reveal the central role of ASM in this regard and helps set the stage for future research toward understanding the pathways regulating ASM and, in turn, the influence of ASM on airway structure and function. Such exploration is key to development of novel therapeutic strategies that influence the pathophysiology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
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Mostafa GA, Al-Ayadhi LY. The possible link between the elevated serum levels of neurokinin A and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies in children with autism. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:180. [PMID: 22189180 PMCID: PMC3261830 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic inflammation is orchestrated by a large number of neuropeptides. Tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B) are pro-inflammatory neuropeptides that may play an important role in some autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism in some patients. We are the first to measure serum neurokinin A levels in autistic children. The relationship between serum levels of neurokinin A and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies was also studied. METHODS Serum neurokinin A and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies were measured in 70 autistic children in comparison to 48 healthy-matched children. RESULTS Autistic children had significantly higher serum neurokinin A levels than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Children with severe autism had significantly higher serum neurokinin A levels than patients with mild to moderate autism (P < 0.001). Increased serum levels of neurokinin A and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies were found in 57.1% and 44.3%, respectively of autistic children. There was significant positive correlations between serum levels of neurokinin A and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Serum neurokinin A levels were elevated in some autistic children and they were significantly correlated to the severity of autism and to serum levels of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies. However, this is an initial report that warrants further research to determine the pathogenic role of neurokinin A and its possible link to autoimmunity in autism. The therapeutic role of tachykinin receptor antagonists, a potential new class of anti-inflammatory medications, should also be studied in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan A Mostafa
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Liu HJ, Tan YR, Li ML, Liu C, Xiang Y, Qin XQ. Cloning of a novel protein interacting with BRS-3 and its effects in wound repair of bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23072. [PMID: 21857995 PMCID: PMC3153462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3), the orphan bombesin receptor, may play a role in the regulation of stress responses in lung and airway epithelia. Bombesin receptor activated protein (BRAP )is a novel protein we found in our previous study which interacts with BRS-3. This study was designed to observe the subcellular location and wound repair function of BRAP in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). BRAP ORF was amplified by RT-PCR and ligated to pEGFP-C1 vector, and then the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-BRAP was transfected into Hela cells. The location of BRAP protein was observed by laser confocal microscope, and the expression of it was analyzed by Western-blot. At the same time,we built the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-BRAP, transfected it into HBECs and observed its impact on cell cycle and wound repair of HBECs. The results showed that BRAP locates in membrane and cytoplasm and increases significantly in transfected cells. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid increases S phase plus G2 phase of cell cycle by 25%. Microscopic video analysis system showed that the repair index of wounded HBECs increases by 20% through stable expression of BRAP. The present study demonstrated that BRAP locates in the membrane and cytoplasm, suggesting that this protein is a cytoplasm protein, which promotes cell cycle and wound repair of HBECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Rong Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Lan Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Qun Qin
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Meuchel LW, Thompson MA, Cassivi SD, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Neurotrophins induce nitric oxide generation in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:668-76. [PMID: 21498417 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Members of the growth factor family of neurotrophins [NTs; e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3)] and their high-affinity receptors (tropomyosin-related kinase; Trk) and low-affinity receptors p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) have been localized to pulmonary artery (PA) in humans. However, their role is unclear. Based on previous findings of NTs and their receptors within the pulmonary endothelium, we tested the hypothesis that NTs induce nitric oxide (NO) production in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs), thus contributing to vasodilation. METHODS AND RESULTS In human pulmonary artery ECs loaded with the NO-sensitive fluorescent dye diaminofluorescein-2, both BDNF and NT3 (100 pM, 1 nM, and 10 nM) acutely (<10 min) and substantially increased fluorescence levels in a concentration-dependent fashion (to levels comparable to that induced by 1 μM acetylcholine). NT-induced elevation of NO levels was blunted by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. Suppression of TrkB or TrkC expression via siRNA as well as functional blockade of p75NTR prevented NT-induced NO elevation. Both BDNF and NT3 increased phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). In endothelium-intact porcine PA rings, NTs increased cGMP and induced vasodilation in pre-contracted arteries. CONCLUSION These results indicate that NTs acutely modulate pulmonary endothelial NO production and contribute to relaxation of the pulmonary vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W Meuchel
- Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4-184 W. Jos SMH, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Prakash Y, Thompson MA, Meuchel L, Pabelick CM, Mantilla CB, Zaidi S, Martin RJ. Neurotrophins in lung health and disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2010; 4:395-411. [PMID: 20524922 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of growth factors that are well-known in the nervous system. There is increasing recognition that NTs (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NT3) and their receptors (high-affinity TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, and low-affinity p75NTR) are expressed in lung components including the nasal and bronchial epithelium, smooth muscle, nerves and immune cells. NT signaling may be important in normal lung development, developmental lung disease, allergy and inflammation (e.g., rhinitis, asthma), lung fibrosis and even lung cancer. In this review, we describe the current status of our understanding of NT signaling in the lung, with hopes of using aspects of the NT signaling pathway in the diagnosis and therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ys Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Xu M, Remillard CV, Sachs BD, Makino A, Platoshyn O, Yao W, Dillmann WH, Akassoglou K, Yuan JXJ. p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1529-38. [PMID: 18689502 PMCID: PMC2593496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00115.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A member of the TNF receptor family, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) has been previously shown to play a role in the regulation of fibrin deposition in the lung. However, the role of p75(NTR) in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in the lung is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of p75(NTR) in mouse pulmonary arteries and the putative role of p75(NTR) in modulating pulmonary vascular tone and agonist responsiveness using wild-type (WT) and p75(NTR) knockout (p75(-/-)) mice. Our data indicated that p75(NTR) is expressed in both smooth muscle and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vascular wall in WT mice. Pulmonary artery rings from p75(-/-) mice exhibited significantly elevated active tension due to endothelin-1-mediated Ca(2+) influx. Furthermore, the contraction due to capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE) in response to phenylephrine-mediated active depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores was significantly enhanced compared with WT rings. The contraction due to CCE induced by passive store depletion, however, was comparable between WT and p75(-/-) rings. Active tension induced by serotonin, U-46619 (a thromboxane A(2) analog), thrombin, 4-aminopyridine (a K(+) channel blocker), and high extracellular K(+) in p75(-/-) rings was similar to that in WT rings. Deletion of p75(NTR) did not alter pulmonary vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor). These data suggest that intact p75(NTR) signaling may play a role in modulating pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 and by active store depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Xu
- Departments of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0725, USA
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Sachs BD, Baillie GS, McCall JR, Passino MA, Schachtrup C, Wallace DA, Dunlop AJ, MacKenzie KF, Klussmann E, Lynch MJ, Sikorski SL, Nuriel T, Tsigelny I, Zhang J, Houslay MD, Chao MV, Akassoglou K. p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates tissue fibrosis through inhibition of plasminogen activation via a PDE4/cAMP/PKA pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:1119-32. [PMID: 17576803 PMCID: PMC2064370 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of fibrin through proteolytic degradation is a critical step of matrix remodeling that contributes to tissue repair in a variety of pathological conditions, such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrin deposition are not known. Here, we report that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a TNF receptor superfamily member up-regulated after tissue injury, blocks fibrinolysis by down-regulating the serine protease, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and up-regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We have discovered a new mechanism in which phosphodiesterase PDE4A4/5 interacts with p75NTR to enhance cAMP degradation. The p75NTR-dependent down-regulation of cAMP results in a decrease in extracellular proteolytic activity. This mechanism is supported in vivo in p75NTR-deficient mice, which show increased proteolysis after sciatic nerve injury and lung fibrosis. Our results reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism by which p75NTR regulates degradation of cAMP and perpetuates scar formation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Sachs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Branchi I, Francia N, Alleva E. Epigenetic control of neurobehavioural plasticity: the role of neurotrophins. Behav Pharmacol 2004; 15:353-62. [PMID: 15343058 DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200409000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are two neurotrophins involved in the differentiation, growth and maintenance of selected peripheral and central populations of neuronal cells, during development and at adulthood. Furthermore, neuronal activity enhances expression and action of these neurotrophins, modifying synaptic transmission and connectivity. Neurotrophin production has been shown to be experience-dependent. In particular, during early developmental phases, experiences such as maternal deprivation or exposure to an enriched environment markedly affect NGF and BDNF levels. At adulthood, psychosocial stress has been shown to markedly alter NGF and BDNF levels, both in plasma and selected brain areas, including the hypothalamus and hippocampus. These results have been extended to humans, showing that NGF levels are enhanced by emotional stress induced by parachute jumping. Overall, these findings suggest a role of neurotrophins as factors mediating both short- and long-term effects of experience on brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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