1
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Amphiphilic benzothiadiazole derivatives: synthesis, self-assembly and applications as light-emitting liquid crystal display and switchable anisotropic scattering device. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Lopes LD, Merlo AA. Born to be a Liquid Crystal: The role of fluorinated chain in the design and synthesis of new mesogens. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Conjugated Polymer/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites—State-of-the-Art. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5110292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide is an imperative modified form of graphene. Similar to graphene, graphene oxide has gained vast interest for the myriad of industrial applications. Conjugated polymers or conducting polymers are well known organic materials having conducting backbone. These polymers have semiconducting nature due to π-conjugation along the main chain. Doping and modification have been used to enhance the electrical conductivity of the conjugated polymers. The nanocomposites of the conjugated polymers have been reported with the nanocarbon nanofillers including graphene oxide. This review essentially presents the structure, properties, and advancements in the field of conducting polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites. The facile synthesis, processability, and physical properties of the polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites have been discussed. The conjugated polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites have essential significance for the supercapacitors, solar cells, and anti-corrosion materials. Nevertheless, the further advanced properties and technical applications of the conjugated polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites need to be explored to overcome the challenges related to the high performance.
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4
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Alaasar M, Schmidt JC, Cai X, Liu F, Tschierske C. Controlling liquid and liquid crystalline network formation by core-fluorination of hydrogen bonded supramolecular polycatenars. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Influence of hydrogen bond on the mesomorphic behaviour in urethane based liquid crystalline compounds: Experimental and computer simulation study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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7
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Giese M, Albrecht M. Alkyl-Alkyl Interactions in the Periphery of Supramolecular Entities: From the Evaluation of Weak Forces to Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 85:715-724. [PMID: 32286742 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry is based on weak intermolecular forces which nevertheless are of importance for chemical processes. In this report the relevance of alkyl-alkyl interactions in supramolecular assemblies is discussed. We show how hierarchically formed helicates can be used to evaluate weak interactions of alkyl groups based on solvent-supported London dispersion. In addition, the role of nano-segregation of alkyl groups in the periphery of supramolecular assemblies is described, as well as how this can be used to improve the properties of liquid-crystalline materials by controlling the alkyl-chain-mediated aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giese
- Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Yadav
- Department of Organic ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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9
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Xiao Y, Gao H, Wang T, Zhang R, Cheng X. Synthesis, liquid-crystalline, photophysical and chemosensor properties of oxadiazole/thiadiazole-based amphiphiles with glycerol groups. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Werner S, Ebenhan J, Poppe M, Poppe S, Ebert H, Tschierske C, Bacia K. Effects of Lateral and Terminal Chains of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Cores on Self-Assembly Behavior. Part 2: Domain Formation by Self-Assembly in Lipid Bilayer Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E476. [PMID: 30965779 PMCID: PMC6418688 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly of membrane constituents within a phospholipid bilayer creates complex functional platforms in biological cells that operate in intracellular signaling, trafficking and membrane remodeling. Synthetic polyphilic compounds of macromolecular or small size can be incorporated into artificial phospholipid bilayers. Featuring three or four moieties of different philicities, they reach beyond ordinary amphiphilicity and open up avenues to new functions and interaction concepts. Here, we have incorporated a series of X-shaped bolapolyphiles into DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles. The bolapolyphiles consist of a rod-like oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) core, hydrophilic glycerol-based headgroups with or without oligo(ethylene oxide) expansions at both ends and two lateral alkyl chains attached near the center of the OPE core. In the absence of DPPC and water, the compounds showed thermotropic liquid-crystalline behavior with a transition between polyphilic and amphiphilic assembly (see part 1 in this issue). In DPPC membranes, various trends in the domain morphologies were observed upon structure variations, which entailed branched alkyl chains of various sizes, alkyl chain semiperfluorination and size expansion of the headgroups. Observed effects on domain morphology are interpreted in the context of the bulk behavior (part 1) and of a model that was previously developed based on spectroscopic and physicochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Jan Ebenhan
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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11
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Poppe S, Poppe M, Ebert H, Prehm M, Chen C, Liu F, Werner S, Bacia K, Tschierske C. Effects of Lateral and Terminal Chains of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Cores on Self-Assembly Behaviour. Part 1: Transition between Amphiphilic and Polyphilic Self-Assembly in the Bulk. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E471. [PMID: 30965775 PMCID: PMC6418615 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphilic self-assembly leads to compartmentalization of space and development of complex structures in soft matter on different length scales, reaching from the morphologies of block copolymers to the liquid crystalline (LC) phases of small molecules. Whereas block copolymers are known to form membranes and interact with phospholipid bilayers, liquid crystals have been less investigated in this respect. Here, series of bolapolyphilic X-shaped molecules were synthesized and investigated with respect to the effect of molecular structural parameters on the formation of LC phases (part 1), and on domain formation in phospholipid bilayer membranes (part 2). The investigated bolapolyphiles are based on a rod-like π-conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) core with two glycerol groups being either directly attached or separated by additional ethylene oxide (EO) units to both ends. The X-shape is provided by two lateral alkyl chains attached at opposite sides of the OPE core, being either linear, branched, or semiperfluorinated. In this report, the focus is on the transition from polyphilic (triphilic or tetraphilic) to binary amphiphilic self-assembly. Polyphilic self-assembly, i.e., segregation of all three or four incorporated units into separate nano-compartments, leads to the formation of hexagonal columnar LC phases, representing triangular honeycombs. A continuous transition from the well-defined triangular honeycomb structures to simple hexagonal columnar phases, dominated by the arrangement of polar columns on a hexagonal lattice in a mixed continuum formed by the lipophilic chains and the OPE rods, i.e., to amphiphilic self-assembly, was observed by reducing the length and volume of the lateral alkyl chains. A similar transition was found upon increasing the length of the EO units involved in the polar groups. If the lateral alkyl chains are enlarged or replaced by semiperfluorinated chains, then the segregation of lateral chains and rod-like cores is retained, even for enlarged polar groups, i.e., the transition from polyphilic to amphiphilic self-assembly is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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12
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Champagne PL, Ester D, Ward S, Williams VE, Ling CC. A Family of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Liquid Crystals Governed by Dipole-Dipole Interactions. Chempluschem 2016; 82:423-432. [PMID: 31962020 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of amphiphilic cyclodextrin(CD)-based liquid crystals that bear O-acetylated oligoethylene glycol chains at the secondary face is reported. Unlike most of the previously reported liquid crystals (LC) based on chemically modified CDs, which depend on H-bonding as the primary intermolecular forces, the present CD derivatives self-assemble into highly ordered smectic liquid crystal phases via the weaker dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions. The obtained materials are found to display much improved properties such as improved thermostability, reduced clearing temperatures, and better fluidity. The present work opens up new possibilities to design CD-based LC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Luc Champagne
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David Ester
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandra Ward
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Vance E Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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13
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Padmini V, Babu PN, Nair GG, Rao DSS, Yelamaggad CV. Optically Biaxial, Re-entrant and Frustrated Mesophases in Chiral, Non-symmetric Liquid Crystal Dimers and Binary Mixtures. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2897-2910. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vediappen Padmini
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560013 India
- Department of Organic Chemistry; School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Palakurthy Nani Babu
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560013 India
| | - Geetha G. Nair
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560013 India
| | - D. S. Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560013 India
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14
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Tomašić V, Mihelj T. The review on properties of solid catanionic surfactants: Main applications and perspectives of new catanionic surfactants and compounds with catanionic assisted synthesis. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Tomašić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Mihelj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Goossens K, Lava K, Bielawski CW, Binnemans K. Ionic Liquid Crystals: Versatile Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4643-807. [PMID: 27088310 DOI: 10.1021/cr400334b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review covers the recent developments (2005-2015) in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of thermotropic ionic liquid crystals. It was designed to give a comprehensive overview of the "state-of-the-art" in the field. The discussion is focused on low molar mass and dendrimeric thermotropic ionic mesogens, as well as selected metal-containing compounds (metallomesogens), but some references to polymeric and/or lyotropic ionic liquid crystals and particularly to ionic liquids will also be provided. Although zwitterionic and mesoionic mesogens are also treated to some extent, emphasis will be directed toward liquid-crystalline materials consisting of organic cations and organic/inorganic anions that are not covalently bound but interact via electrostatic and other noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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17
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Wolf JR, Dyer DJ. Hydrogen bonded liquid crystalline heterodimers incorporating alkoxystilbazoles and alkoxy-4-pyridones. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2014.1001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Picco AS, Knoll W, Ceolín M, Azzaroni O. Mesophase Transformation in Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers Induced by Transition Metal Ion Complexation. Creating Well-Defined Metallo-Supramolecular Assemblies from "Ill-Defined" Building Blocks. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:94-100. [PMID: 35596380 DOI: 10.1021/mz500688r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized metallo-supramolecular heterostructures have potential applications that include molecular electronics, photovoltaics, and magnetic devices, among other examples. The main challenge that scientists typically face when designing advanced supramolecular materials is to achieve structurally defined assemblies by resolving conflicting demands on the topological and/or chemical features of the constituting building blocks. Accordingly, the formation of well-defined metallo-supramolecular arrays using ill-defined, highly polydisperse, self-assemblable starting compounds marks a profound departure from traditional supramolecular paradigms. The present work describes the first observation of spontaneous mesophase transformation of well-defined metallo-supramolecular assemblies in solution as a result of the complexation of transition metal ions into the ionophilic domains of highly branched unimolecular micelles constituted of N-acylated hyperbranched polyethylenimine. Experimental results based on a combination of different synchrotron-based techniques provide unprecedented experimental evidence revealing that ion-induced self-assembly of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers can be used to achieve highly ordered metallo-supramolecular structures not only in solution but also on solid surfaces. We believe that this emerging conceptual framework can open extremely interesting new synthetic and technological opportunities in the area of self-assembly of well-defined metallo-supramolecular architectures obtained from building blocks with poor structural regularity but easily provided in large quantities by simple and inexpensive preparative chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín S. Picco
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas
Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 − Suc. 4, 1900 La
Plata, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Donau-City-Strasse
1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas
Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 − Suc. 4, 1900 La
Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas
Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 − Suc. 4, 1900 La
Plata, Argentina
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19
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Gao H, Cheng H, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Prehm M, Cheng X, Tschierske C. Tolane-based bent bolaamphiphiles forming liquid crystalline hexagonal honeycombs with trigonal symmetry. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent bent bolaamphiphiles self-assemble into non-centrosymmetric honeycombs with p3m1 symmetry, which can be solvent-stabilized to form lyotropic LC phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Huifang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Qijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle/Saale
- Germany
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20
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Miguel-Coello AB, Bardají M, Coco S, Donnio B, Heinrich B, Espinet P. H-bonded adducts of [2,4,6-{(C10H21O)3C6H2NH}3C3N3] with [LnM{PPh2(C6H4CO2H)}] displaying Columnar Mesophases at Room Temperature. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10893-902. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501039n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Miguel-Coello
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silverio Coco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux
de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 (CNRS−Université de Strasbourg), 23 rue
du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Complex Assemblies
of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), UMI 3254 (CNRS−SOLVAY−University of Pennsylvania), CRTB, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux
de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 (CNRS−Université de Strasbourg), 23 rue
du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
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21
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Feast GC, Lepitre T, Mulet X, Conn CE, Hutt OE, Savage GP, Drummond CJ. The search for new amphiphiles: synthesis of a modular, high-throughput library. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1578-88. [PMID: 25161714 PMCID: PMC4142986 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic compounds are used in a variety of applications due to their lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase formation, however only a limited number of compounds, in a potentially limitless field, are currently in use. A library of organic amphiphilic compounds was synthesised consisting of glucose, galactose, lactose, xylose and mannose head groups and double and triple-chain hydrophobic tails. A modular, high-throughput approach was developed, whereby head and tail components were conjugated using the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The tails were synthesised from two core alkyne-tethered intermediates, which were subsequently functionalised with hydrocarbon chains varying in length and degree of unsaturation and branching, while the five sugar head groups were selected with ranging substitution patterns and anomeric linkages. A library of 80 amphiphiles was subsequently produced, using a 24-vial array, with the majority formed in very good to excellent yields. A preliminary assessment of the liquid-crystalline phase behaviour is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Feast
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Thomas Lepitre
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Conn
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Oliver E Hutt
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia ; School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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22
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Robertson LA, Schenkel MR, Wiesenauer BR, Gin DL. Alkyl-bis(imidazolium) salts: a new amphiphile platform that forms thermotropic and non-aqueous lyotropic bicontinuous cubic phases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9407-9. [PMID: 24003443 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New ionic amphiphiles with a hexyl-bridged bis(imidazolium) headgroup; Br(-), BF4(-), or Tf2N(-) anions; and a long n-alkyl tail can form thermotropic bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal phases in neat form and/or lyotropic bicontinuous cubic phases with several non-aqueous solvents or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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23
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24
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Tschierske C. Entwicklung struktureller Komplexität durch Selbstorganisation in flüssigkristallinen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Tschierske C. Development of structural complexity by liquid-crystal self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8828-78. [PMID: 23934786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state of matter 125 years ago, this field has developed into a scientific area with many facets. This Review presents recent developments in the molecular design and self-assembly of liquid crystals. The focus is on new exciting soft-matter structures distinct from the usually observed nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. These new structures have enhanced complexity, including multicompartment and cellular structures, periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of spheres, and new emergent properties, such as ferroelctricity and spontaneous achiral symmetry-breaking. Comparisons are made with developments in related fields, such as self-assembled monolayers, multiblock copolymers, and nanoparticle arrays. Measures of structural complexity used herein are the size of the lattice, the number of distinct compartments, the dimensionality, and the logic depth of the resulting supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany.
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26
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Domínguez C, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Coco S, Espinet P. Room-Temperature Columnar Mesophases in Triazine-Gold Thiolate Metal-Organic Supramolecular Aggregates. Chemistry 2013; 19:5988-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Domínguez C, Donnio B, Coco S, Espinet P. Supramolecular aggregates of metallo–organic acids with stilbazoles. Formation of columnar mesophases and Langmuir films. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15774-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Tschierske C. Microsegregation: From Basic Concepts to Complexity in Liquid Crystal Self-Assembly. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Yoshizawa A. Liquid crystal supermolecules stabilizing an optically isotropic phase with frustrated molecular organization. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Reuter S, Amado E, Busse K, Kraska M, Stühn B, Tschierske C, Kressler J. Formation of 2D spherulites in Langmuir films of amphiphilic T-shaped liquid crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 372:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Belaissaoui A, Saez IM, Cowling SJ, Zeng X, Goodby JW. Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes. Chemistry 2012; 18:2366-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Tschierske C. Fluorinated Liquid Crystals: Design of Soft Nanostructures and Increased Complexity of Self-Assembly by Perfluorinated Segments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 318:1-108. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Chen L, Hu TH, Xie HL, Zhang HL. A mixed cyclodextrin-biphenyl thermotropic liquid crystal: Synthesis, liquid-crystalline properties, and supramolecular organization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Luo Z, Yao G, Gao Z, Cheng X. Synthesis and Mesophase Behavior of Rod Like Phenylene Thiophene Based Polyhydroxy Amphiphiles. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Montani RS, Hegguilustoy CM, Del Rosso PG, Donnio B, Guillon D, Garay RO. 4′-(2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid—a polar smectogen for amphipathic liquid crystals. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Wolska J, Mieczkowski J, Pociecha D, Buathong S, Donnio B, Guillon D, Gorecka E. Mesomorphism of Protodendritic Oligomers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9009142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wolska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jozef Mieczkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saïwan Buathong
- IPCMS, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034, Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- IPCMS, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034, Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Daniel Guillon
- IPCMS, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034, Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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37
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Zhang Q, Bazuin CG. Liquid Crystallinity and Other Properties in Complexes of Cationic Azo-Containing Surfactomesogens with Poly(styrenesulfonate). Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
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38
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Yoshizawa A, Takahashi Y, Terasawa R, Chiba S, Takahashi K, Hazawa M, Kashiwakura I. Liquid Crystallinity and Biological Activity of a Novel Amphiphilic Compound. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Xu Q, Yi J, Zhang X, Zhang H. A novel amphotropic polymer based on cellulose nanocrystals grafted with azo polymers. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Prehm M, Enders C, Anzahaee M, Glettner B, Baumeister U, Tschierske C. Distinct Columnar and Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Phases Formed by New Bolaamphiphiles with Linear and Branched Lateral Hydrocarbon Chains. Chemistry 2008; 14:6352-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Lehmann M, Jahr M, Donnio B, Graf R, Gemming S, Popov I. Star-Shaped Oligobenzoates: Non-conventional Mesogens Forming Columnar Helical Mesophases. Chemistry 2008; 14:3562-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Lehmann M, Jahr M, Gutmann J. Star-shaped oligobenzoates with a naphthalene chromophore as potential semiconducting liquid crystal materials? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b803000f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Yoshizawa A. Unconventional liquid crystal oligomers with a hierarchical structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b802712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Goodby JW, Görtz V, Cowling SJ, Mackenzie G, Martin P, Plusquellec D, Benvegnu T, Boullanger P, Lafont D, Queneau Y, Chambert S, Fitremann J. Thermotropic liquid crystalline glycolipids. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1971-2032. [PMID: 17982519 DOI: 10.1039/b708458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Are the liquid crystalline properties of the materials of living systems important in biological structures, functions, diseases and treatments? There is a growing consciousness that the observed lyotropic, and often thermotropic liquid crystallinity, of many biological materials that possess key biological functionality might be more than curious coincidence. Rather, as the survival of living systems depends on the flexibility and reformability of structures, it seems more likely that it is the combination of softness and structure of the liquid-crystalline state that determines the functionality of biological materials. The richest sources of liquid crystals derived from living systems are found in cell membranes, of these glycolipids are a particularly important class of components. In this critical review, we will examine the relationship between chemical structure and the self-assembling and self-organising properties of glycolipids that ultimately lead to mesophase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goodby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the field of liquid crystalline dendrimers. Such a fast development is, among other things, driven by the multiple possibilities offered by combining the mesomorphic properties of single mesogenic subunits with the supermolecular and versatile architectures of dendrimers to yield a new class of highly functional materials. The induction and the control of the mesomorphic properties (phase type and stability) in dendrimers can be achieved by a dedicated molecular design which depends on the chemical nature and structure of both the functional groups and the dendritic matrix. In particular, the intrinsic connectivity of the dendrimer such as the multivalency of the focal core and the multiplicity of the branches, both controlling the geometrical rate of growth, or the dendritic generation, plays a crucial role and influences at various stages the subtle relationships between the supermolecular structure and the mesophase structure and stability. In this critical review article, an account of the various types of dendritic systems that form liquid-crystalline mesophases along with a description of the self-organization of representative case-study supermolecules into liquid crystalline mesophases will be discussed. Some basics of thermotropic liquid crystals and dendrimers will be given in the introduction. Then, in the following sections, selected examples including side-chain, main-chain, fullerodendrimers, shape-persistent dendrimers, supramolecular dendromesogens and metallodendrimers, as representative families of LC dendrimers, will be described. In the conclusion some further developments will be highlighted. This review will not cover liquid crystalline hyperbranched and dendronized polymers that might be considered as being somehow less structurally "perfect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, UMR 7504--CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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46
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Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Defect Formation and Potential Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Bury I, Donnio B, Gallani JL, Guillon D. Interfacial behavior of a series of amphiphilic block co-dendrimers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:619-25. [PMID: 17209613 DOI: 10.1021/la062066z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphiles with a dendritic structure are attractive materials as they combine the features of dendrimers with the self-assembling properties and interfacial behavior of amphiphiles. We have designed and synthesized three series of segmented amphiphilic block co-dendrimers (Janus-type) and studied their interfacial properties on the Langmuir trough. Various behaviors are observed with, as a rule, the lowest generation dendrimers behaving more or less like traditional amphiphiles while the larger molecules tend to exhibit more complicated isotherms, with a non-straightforward temperature dependence, one particular molecule seemingly forming supramolecular assemblies spontaneously. The results presented here, obtained on a series of molecules where many parameters have been varied systematically, show the limits that should be kept in mind when designing amphiphilic dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bury
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, UMR7504 (CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur), Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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48
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Bilgin-Eran B, Yörür Ç, Tschierske C, Prehm M, Baumeister U. Liquid crystals based on semiperfluorinated imines and salicylaldimato metal complexes. A comparative study of alkyl, alkoxy and polyether substituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b618403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tschierske C. Liquid crystal engineering – new complex mesophase structures and their relations to polymer morphologies, nanoscale patterning and crystal engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1930-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b615517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Bury I, Heinrich B, Bourgogne C, Guillon D, Donnio B. Supramolecular Self-Organization of “Janus-like” Diblock Codendrimers: Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Phase Structure Modeling. Chemistry 2006; 12:8396-413. [PMID: 16892472 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of three series of segmented amphiphilic block codendrimers, and on their self-organizing behavior in liquid-crystalline mesophases. Connecting two prefunctionalized monodendrons, each differing in their chemical constitution and generation number, yielded these diblock supermolecules. One wedge of the codendrimer was made hydrophobic, and is based on a branched poly(benzyl ether) monodendron functionalized at the periphery by lipophilic aliphatic fragments (also known as Percec dendrons). The other segment was made hydrophilic by the grafting of hydroxyl-containing moieties onto the focal functions of the former dendrons. Both types of dendrons were prepared independently by convergent methods and then joined in the ultimate stage of the synthetic procedure by cross-coupling reactions. In this way, the proportion of the dendritic blocks was varied independently to allow control of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance (HHB), the hydrogen-bonding ability, and consequently the capacity to tune the mesomorphic properties of the resulting "superamphiphiles" was anticipated. Essentially all the dendritic compounds display a thermotropic mesomorphism directly at or near room temperature as determined by using X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The nature and the supramolecular organization of the mesophases, namely columnar and cubic phases, are correlated to the size of the respective block monodendrons and the chemical structures of the dendromesogens. The molecular organization within the cubic phases can be geometrically described and well understood by the space-filling polyhedron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bury
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Organiques, UMR 7504-CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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