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Vandenbulcke A, Messerer M, Daniel RT, Cossu G. The Role of Cisternostomy and Cisternal Drainage in the Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1580. [PMID: 38002540 PMCID: PMC10670052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) provokes a cascade reaction that is responsible for early and delayed brain injuries mediated by intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, cerebral vasospasm (CV), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), which result in increased morbidity and mortality. During open microsurgical repair, cisternal access is achieved essentially to gain proximal vascular control and aneurysm exposition. Cisternostomy also allows brain relaxation, removal of cisternal clots, and restoration of the CSF dynamics through the communication between the anterior and posterior circulation cisterns and the ventricular system, with the opening of the Membrane of Liliequist and lamina terminalis, respectively. Continuous postoperative CSF drainage through a cisternal drain (CD) is a valuable option for treating acute hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension. Moreover, it efficiently removes the blood and toxic degradation products, with a potential benefit on CV, DCI, and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Finally, the CD is an effective pathway to administer vasoactive, fibrinolytic, and anti-oxidant agents and shows promising results in decreasing CV and DCI rates while minimizing systemic effects. We performed a comprehensive review to establish the adjuvant role of cisternostomy and CD performed in cases of direct surgical repair for ruptured intracranial aneurysms and their role in the prevention and treatment of aSAH complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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García-Pastor C, Navarro-Garcia de Llano JP, Balcázar-Padrón JC, Tristán-López L, Rios C, Díaz-Ruíz A, Rodríguez-Hernandez LA, Nathal E. Neuroprotective effect of dapsone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 52:E12. [PMID: 35231887 DOI: 10.3171/2021.12.focus21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors sought to define the differences in the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) between patients treated with dapsone and those treated with placebo. Secondary objectives were to define the clinical outcome at discharge and 3 months and the incidence of brain infarction. METHODS A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed and included patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) within 5 days from ictus who were candidates for aneurysm occlusion, and who had a Fisher grade of 3 or 4. Patients with sulfa or sulfone drug allergies, hemoglobin < 11 g/dl, known G6PD deficiency, and those refusing informed consent were excluded. A minimal relevant effect decrease of 35% in the incidence of DCI was established. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a regimen of dapsone 2.5 ml (100 mg) daily or a placebo (aluminum hydroxide suspension, 2.5 ml daily). Both groups received validated treatment for aneurysmal SAH. The appearance of DCI on CT was assessed in every patient at discharge and 3 months later. We used the chi-square test to compare the DCI incidence between both groups, and the Student t-test or nonparametric tests to compare quantitative variables. RESULTS Overall, 48 patients (70.8% women and 29.2% men) were included. The mean age was 50 years (SD 14.28 years, range 18-72 years). Prerandomization and postrandomization characteristics were balanced, except for the necessity of intra-arterial nimodipine administration in patients treated with placebo (15.4% vs 45.5%, p = 0.029. The incidence of DCI, the primary endpoint, for the whole cohort was 43.8% and was significantly lower in the dapsone group (26.9% vs 63.6%, p = 0.011). In addition, the irreversible DCI incidence was lower in the dapsone group (11.5% vs 54.5%, p = 0.12). A favorable modified Rankin Scale score was more frequent in the dapsone group at discharge and at 3 months (76.9% vs 36.4%, p = 0.005 and 80% vs 38.9%, p = 0.019, respectively). Also, the brain infarction incidence was lower in the dapsone group (19.2% vs 63.6%, p = 0.001). There was no difference between groups regarding adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Dapsone seems to play a role as a prophylactic agent in patients at high risk of developing DCI after aneurysmal SAH. A multicenter investigation is necessary to increase the study population and confirm the consistency of the results observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Tristán-López
- 2Neurochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Rios
- 2Neurochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Díaz-Ruíz
- 2Neurochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez," Mexico City, Mexico
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Baykara E, Topçu A. Comparing the frequency of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm and vasospasm-related ischemia in Fisher 3 grade ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated via microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kim M, Son W, Kang DH, Park J. Cerebral Vasospasm with Delayed Ischemic Neurologic Deficit after Unruptured Aneurysm Surgery : Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:665-670. [PMID: 34237913 PMCID: PMC8273776 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND) after unruptured aneurysm surgery are extremely rare. Its onset timing is variable, and its mechanisms are unclear. We report two cases of CVS with DIND after unruptured aneurysm surgery and review the literature regarding potential mechanisms. The first case is a 51-year-old woman with non-hemorrhagic vasospasm after unruptured left anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery. She presented with delayed vasospasm on postoperative day 14. The second case is a 45-year-old woman who suffered from oculomotor nerve palsy caused by an unruptured posterior communicatig artery (PCoA) aneurysm. DIND with non-hemorrhagic vasospasm developed on postoperative day 12. To our knowledge, this is the first report of symptomatic CVS with oculomotor nerve palsy following unruptured PCoA aneurysm surgery. CVS with DIND after unruptured aneurysm surgery is very rare and can be triggered by multiple mechanisms, such as hemorrhage, mechanical stress to the arterial wall, or the trigemino-cerebrovascular system. For unruptured aneurysm surgery, although it is rare, careful observation and treatments can be needed for postoperative CVS with DIND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsoo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wonsoo Son
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaechan Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Reynolds RA, Amin SN, Jonathan SV, Tang AR, Lan M, Wang C, Bastarache JA, Ware LB, Thompson RC. Hyperoxemia and Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2020; 35:30-38. [PMID: 33150573 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vasospasm is a major contributor to disability and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Oxidation of cell-free hemoglobin plays an integral role in neuroinflammation and is a suggested source of tissue injury after aneurysm rupture. This study sought to determine whether patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm were more likely to have been exposed to early hyperoxemia than those without vasospasm. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study included adult patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage to Vanderbilt University Medical Center between January 2007 and December 2017. Patients with an ICD-9/10 diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were initially identified (N = 441) and subsequently excluded if they did not have intracranial imaging, arterial PaO2 values or died within 96 h post-rupture (N = 96). The final cohort was 345 subjects. The degree of hyperoxemia was defined by the highest PaO2 measured within 72 h after aneurysmal rupture. The primary outcome was development of cerebral vasospasm, which included asymptomatic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Secondary outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS Three hundred and forty five patients met inclusion criteria; 218 patients (63%) developed vasospasm. Of those that developed vasospasm, 85 were diagnosed with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI, 39%). The average patient age of the cohort was 55 ± 13 years, and 68% were female. Ninety percent presented with Fisher grade 3 or 4 hemorrhage (N = 310), while 42% presented as Hunt-Hess grade 4 or 5 (N = 146). In univariable analysis, patients exposed to higher levels of PaO2 by quintile of exposure had a higher mortality rate and were more likely to develop vasospasm in a dose-dependent fashion (P = 0.015 and P = 0.019, respectively). There were no statistically significant predictors that differentiated asymptomatic vasospasm from DCI and no significant difference in maximum PaO2 between these two groups. In multivariable analysis, early hyperoxemia was independently associated with vasospasm (OR = 1.15 per 50 mmHg increase in PaO2 [1.03, 1.28]; P = 0.013), but not mortality (OR = 1.10 [0.97, 1.25]; P = 0.147) following subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Hyperoxemia within 72 h post-aneurysmal rupture is an independent predictor of cerebral vasospasm, but not mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hyperoxemia is a variable that can be readily controlled by adjusting the delivered FiO2 and may represent a modifiable risk factor for vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Reynolds
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, T4224 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232-2380, USA.
| | - Shaunak N Amin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alan R Tang
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthews Lan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chunxue Wang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, T4224 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232-2380, USA
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Knight JA, Bigder MG, Mandel M, Li Y, Steinberg GK. Contralateral Vasospasm in an Uncomplicated Elective Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Clipping. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:214-217. [PMID: 32145422 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vasospasm following clipping of an unruptured aneurysm is a rare phenomenon. When it does occur, cerebral vasospasm usually occurs on the side ipsilateral to the surgical intervention. CASE DESCRIPTION A 68-year-old man underwent right-sided pterional craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm and experienced contralateral vasospasm 5 days later. CONCLUSIONS We further discuss the pathophysiology underlying vasospasm after uncomplicated craniotomy and nonhemorrhagic aneurysm clipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Knight
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark G Bigder
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mauricio Mandel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.
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Malinova V, Schatlo B, Voit M, Suntheim P, Rohde V, Mielke D. The impact of temporary clipping during aneurysm surgery on the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:84-90. [PMID: 28946178 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clipping of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm requires some degree of vessel manipulation, which in turn is believed to contribute to vasoconstriction. One of the techniques used during surgery is temporary clipping of the parent vessel. Temporary clipping may either be mandatory in cases of premature rupture (rescue) or represent a precautionary or facilitating surgical step (elective). The aim of this study was to study the association between temporary clipping during aneurysm surgery and the incidence of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in a large clinical series. METHODS Seven hundred seventy-eight patients who underwent surgical aneurysm treatment after aSAH were retrospectively included in the study. In addition to surgical parameters, the authors recorded transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography-documented vasospasm (TCD-vasospasm, blood flow acceleration > 120 cm/sec), delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs), and delayed cerebral infarction (DCI). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between temporary clipping, vasospasm, DIND, and DCI. RESULTS Temporary clipping was performed in 338 (43.4%) of 778 patients during aneurysm surgery. TCD sonographic flow acceleration developed in 370 (47.6%), DINDs in 123 (15.8%), and DCI in 97 (12.5%). Patients with temporary clipping showed no significant increase in the incidence of TCD-vasospasm compared with patients without temporary clipping (49% vs 48%, respectively; p = 0.60). DINDs developed in 12% of patients with temporary clipping and 18% of those without temporary clipping (p = 0.01). DCI occurred in 9% of patients with temporary clipping and 15% of those without temporary clipping (p = 0.02). The need for rescue temporary clipping was a predictor for DCI; 19.5% of patients in the rescue temporary clipping group but only 11.3% in the elective temporary clipping group had infarcts (p = 0.02). Elective temporary clipping was not associated with TCD-vasospasm (p = 0.31), DIND (p = 0.18), or DCI (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Temporary clipping did not contribute to a higher rate of TCD-vasospasm, DIND, or DCI in comparison with rates in patients without temporary clipping. In contrast, there was an association between temporary clipping and a lower incidence of DINDs and DCI. There is no reason to be hesitant in using elective temporary clipping if deemed appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Malinova
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen; and
| | - Bawarjan Schatlo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen; and
| | - Martin Voit
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen; and
| | | | - Veit Rohde
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen; and
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Mielke
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen; and
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Microsurgical Vascular Manipulation in Aneurysm Surgery and Delayed Ischemic Injury. Can J Neurol Sci 2017; 44:410-414. [PMID: 28767031 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2016.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of aggressive surgical manipulation with clot evacuation, arachnoid dissection, and papaverine-guided adventitial dissection of large vessels during ruptured aneurysm surgery in reducing vasospasm is controversial. Here we describe a single-institution experience in aneurysm surgery outcomes with and without aggressive surgery. METHODS We performed retrospective analysis of all patients >18 years of age with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from anterior circulation aneurysms between 2008 and 2013 at the University of New Mexico Hospital. Vasospasm was characterized on days 3 through 14 after SAH based on: (1) angiography, (2) vasospasm requiring angiographic intervention, (3) development of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), and (4) radiological appearance of new strokes. RESULTS Of 159 patients, 114 (71.6%) had "aggressive" and 45 (28.3%) had standard microsurgery. More than 60% of patients presented with a Hunt and Hess score of ≥3 and a Fisher grade (FG) of 4. Compared with standard surgery, there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of DIND in patients undergoing aggressive surgery (18.4% vs 37.8%, p=0.01). Moreover, there was a reduction in the number of new strokes by 30% in the aggressive surgery group with moderate or higher degrees of vasospasm (46.0% vs 76.5%, p=0.06). In the same group with FG 4 SAH, however, this difference was more than 50% (30% vs 64.7%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that aggressive surgical manipulation during aneurysm surgery results in lower incidence of DIND and new strokes. This effect is most pronounced in patients with FG 4 SAH.
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Endo H, Endo T, Nakagawa A, Fujimura M, Tominaga T. Application of actuator-driven pulsed water jet in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage surgery: its effectiveness for dissection around ruptured aneurysmal walls and subarachnoid clot removal. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:485-493. [PMID: 28004212 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In clipping surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), critical steps include clot removal and dissection of aneurysms without premature rupture or brain injuries. To pursue this goal, a piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system was introduced in this study. This study included 42 patients, who suffered aSAH and underwent clipping surgery. Eleven patients underwent surgery with the assistance of the ADPJ system (ADPJ group). In the other 31 patients, surgery was performed without the ADPJ system (Control group). The ADPJ system was used for clot removal and aneurysmal dissection. The clinical impact of the ADPJ system was judged by comparing the rate of premature rupture, degree of clot removal, and clinical outcomes. Intraoperatively, a premature rupture was encountered in 18.2 and 25.8% of cases in the ADPJ and control groups, respectively. Although the differences were not statistically significant, intraoperative observation suggested that the ADPJ system was effective in clot removal and dissection of aneurysms in a safe manner. Computed tomography scans indicated the achievement of higher degrees of clot removal, especially when the ADPJ system was used for cases with preoperative clot volumes of more than 25 ml (p = 0.047, Mann-Whitney U test). Clinical outcomes, including incidence of postoperative brain injury or symptomatic vasospasm, were similar in both groups. We described our preliminary surgical results using the ADPJ system for aSAH. Although further study is needed, the ADPJ system was considered a safe and effective tool for clot removal and dissection of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, 4-20-1 Nagamachi-minami, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, 982-8523, Japan
| | - Toshiki Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, 4-20-1 Nagamachi-minami, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, 982-8523, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Andic C, Kardes O, Durdag E, Gedikoglu M, Akin S. Efficacy of endovascular treatment and feasibility of stent-assisted coiling in the presence of severe and symptomatic vasospasm. J Neurointerv Surg 2016; 9:1075-1080. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shigematsu H, Sorimachi T, Osada T, Aoki R, Srivatanakul K, Oda S, Matsumae M. Predictors of early vs. late permanent shunt insertion after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res 2016; 38:600-5. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1199184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rie Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinri Oda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Carvi y Nievas M, Archavlis E. Evaluation of surgical technique on outcomes from ruptured aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery. Neurol Res 2016; 38:15-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2015.1120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen J, Zhu J, He J, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Zhou J, Yang L. Ultra-early microsurgical treatment within 24 h of SAH improves prognosis of poor-grade aneurysm combined with intracerebral hematoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3173-3178. [PMID: 27123084 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most common cerebrovascular disease. The conventional treatment for SAH is usually associated with high mortality. The present study aims to assess the prognosis of microsurgical treatment for patients with poor-grade aneurysm (Hunt and Hess grades IV-V) associated with intracerebral hematoma. A total of 18 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with poor-grade aneurysm accompanied with intracerebral hematoma were retrospectively recruited. All patients underwent microsurgical treatment between April 2010 and June 2013 at The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (Wuxi, China). Among them, 15 cases underwent microsurgery within 24 h of SAH, and 3 cases underwent microsurgery 24 h following SAH. All 18 cases were examined by computed tomography angiography (CTA). The outcome was assessed during a follow-up time of 6-36 months. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale, 4 patients experienced a good recovery, 6 were dissatisfied with the outcome, 4 were in vegetative state and 4 succumbed to disease. Poor outcome occurred in patients with an aneurysm diameter >10 mm, exhibited >50 ml volume of intracerebral hematoma or presented cerebral hernia prior to the surgical operation. The outcome of ultra-early surgery (within 24 h of SAH) was improved, compared with that of surgery following 24 h of SAH (P=0.005). Among 7 patients who accepted extraventricular drainage, good outcomes were achieved in 4 of them, whereas dissatisfaction and mortality occurred in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. Therefore, ultra-early microsurgery (within 24 h of SAH) combined with extraventricular drainage may improve the prognosis of patients with poor-grade aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Jingxu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
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Fukuda H, Hayashi K, Moriya T, Nakashita S, Lo BWY, Yamagata S. Intrasylvian hematoma caused by ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms predicts recovery from poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:686-92. [PMID: 26052880 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.jns141658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Intrasylvian hematoma (ISH) is a subtype of intracranial hematoma caused by aneurysmal rupture and often presents with a poor initial neurological grade; it is not well studied. The aim of this study was to elucidate outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with ISH. METHODS Data for 97 patients with poor-grade SAH (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade IV or V) were retrospectively analyzed from a single-center, prospective, observational cohort database. Ultra-early surgical clipping, removal of hematoma, external decompression for brain swelling, and prevention of vasospasm by cisternal irrigation with milrinone were combined as an aggressive treatment. Characteristics and clinical courses of SAH with ISH were identified. The authors also evaluated any correlations between poor admission-grade SAH and ISH with good functional outcome. RESULTS Patients with poor admission-grade SAH and with ISH were more likely to have initial cerebral edema (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test), which significantly resolved overtime (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). These patients had a better chance of functional survival (modified Rankin Scale scores of 1-3; OR 5.75; 95% CI 1.36-24.3; p = 0.017) at 6 months after hospital discharge, after adjustment for potential confounders such as younger age and better initial neurological grade by multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS ISH predicted good functional recovery from poor-grade aneurysmal SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takafumi Moriya
- Radiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Satoru Nakashita
- Radiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Benjamin W Y Lo
- Divisions of Neurosurgery and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Toronto and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Reisch R, Fischer G, Stadie A, Kockro R, Cesnulis E, Hopf N. The supraorbital endoscopic approach for aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2015; 82:S130-7. [PMID: 25496624 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review our surgical experience in minimally invasive transcranial endoscope-assisted microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms, using the supraorbital keyhole craniotomy. METHODS The supraorbital keyhole approach was performed through an eyebrow skin incision in 793 cases for treatment of 989 intracranial aneurysms. Of patients, 474 were operated on after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 319 were operated on under elective conditions. After lateral frontobasal burr hole trephination, a limited subfrontal craniotomy was created. To achieve adequate intraoperative exposure through the limited approach, endoscopes were used routinely. Surgical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale. RESULTS The transcranial endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery technique was used routinely via a supraorbital approach. In 152 operations (19.1%), the endoscope provided important visual information in the vicinity of the aneurysm, revealing subsequent clip repositioning. The results of incidental aneurysms were excellent with a modified Rankin scale score ≤2 in 96.52%. The overall outcome of ruptured aneurysms was good with a modified Rankin scale score ≤2 in 72.2% of patients. There were no approach-related intraoperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS The minimally invasive supraorbital keyhole approach allowed safe surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms, including after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The markedly improved endoscopic visualization increased the assessment of clip placement with ideal control of surrounding vessels including perforators for identification of incorrect clip position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Reisch
- Centre for Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrit Fischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Axel Stadie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Kockro
- Centre for Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evaldas Cesnulis
- Centre for Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Hopf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Chohan MO, Carlson AP, Hart BL, Yonas H. Lack of functional patency of the lamina terminalis after fenestration following clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2013; 119:629-33. [PMID: 23808534 DOI: 10.3171/2013.5.jns13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Fenestration of the lamina terminalis (FLT) during aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage can, in theory, improve CSF circulation from the lateral and third ventricles to the cortical subarachnoid space, which may, in turn, decrease the incidence of hydrocephalus and vasospasm. However, the actual effects of FLT on CSF circulation have been difficult to determine, due to confounding factors. In addition, it is unclear whether the lamina terminalis remains functionally patent when the brain resumes its normal position. The goal of this study was to assess the functional patency of the fenestrated lamina terminalis in patients who underwent surgery for ruptured aneurysms. METHODS This prospective study included 15 patients who underwent surgical clipping of ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms, with FLT performed during surgery. On postoperative Day 1, the external ventricular drain of each patient was closed, and 1 ml of Omnipaque 300, an iodine based contrast agent, was injected intraventricularly, accompanied by cranial maneuvering designed to position the contrast agent adjacent to the lamina terminalis. Three to 5 minutes after cranial maneuvering, the flow of contrast agent into the basal cisterns was assessed with CT imaging. Flow was verified by an increase in Hounsfield units in a prespecified "region of interest" within the basal cisterns on the CT scan. This procedure was performed using a standardized protocol designed in consultation with the Department of Radiology and approved by the institutional review board. One patient who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy was recruited as a positive control to validate the technique, and 1 patient who underwent aneurysm clipping but not FLT was recruited as a negative control. RESULTS Seventeen patients consented to study participation. In the 15 patients who underwent aneurysm clipping and FLT, and the negative control patient who underwent aneurysm clipping but not FLT, the contrast agent followed the normal ventricular pathway from the lateral ventricles into the fourth ventricle, and did not appear in the basal cisterns. In the positive control patient, the contrast agent robustly and immediately filled the basal cisterns. CONCLUSIONS Fenestration of the lamina terminalis did not result in functional patency of the lamina terminalis when performed as part of surgical clipping for ruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omar Chohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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17
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Mura JM, Torche E, de Oliveira E. Unilateral subfrontal approach to anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A review of 28 patients. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4:4. [PMID: 23495366 PMCID: PMC3589839 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marcelo Mura
- Cerebrovascular & Skull Base Surgery Team, Institute of Neurosurgery Asenjo, Providencia, Santiago, Chile ; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Chile, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Zhu Y, Zhao H, Zhu X. Prognostic factors for cerebral infraction and outcome in patients with intracranial aneurysm. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1633.2012.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
| | - Xianli Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Union Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
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19
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Bian LH, Liu LP, Wang WJ, Wang CX, Yang ZH, Song XJ, Wen M, Liu GF, Zhao XQ. Continual transcranial Doppler in the monitoring of hemodynamic change following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:631-5. [PMID: 22533786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To analyze and compare the value of different treatment methods for acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-related vasospasm. Cerebral hemodynamic variables' changes were evaluated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in aSAH patients within 14 days after onset. METHODS Thirty aSAH patients were enrolled in the study within 72 h after onset. Baseline CT and TCD were used for assessment. Patients were divided into three groups according to SAH severity and patients' discretion: nonsurgical group, endovascular coiling, and neurosurgical clipping. TCD hemodynamic parameters were measured and Lindegaard index was calculated daily from onset to 14th day after SAH. The group mean cerebral blood velocity (MBFV) and Lindegaard index were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance (reANOVA). Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used for post hoc comparison. All 30 patients were followed for 90 days after onset for outcome assessment. RESULTS The values of MBFV and Lindegaard index of anterior cerebral artery (ACA)/middle cerebral artery (MCA) from high to low is nonsurgical group, clipping and coiling (ACA: P= 0.0001/P= 0.006; MCA: P= 0.243/P= 0.317). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that both neurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling management may relieve the severity of cerebral vasospasm in acute aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Heng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Shimizu H, Inoue T, Fujimura M, Saito A, Tominaga T. Cerebral blood flow after surgery for unruptured cerebral aneurysms: effects of surgical manipulation and irrigation fluid. Neurosurgery 2011; 69:677-88; discussion 688. [PMID: 21471845 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e3182195509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is important in the management of cerebrovascular diseases. Surgical manipulation may compromise the appropriate interpretation of postoperative CBF changes, but the effects are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of surgical manipulation on postoperative CBF in a setting of prospective randomized comparison of 2 irrigation fluids during surgery. METHODS Twenty patients undergoing the clipping of unruptured cerebral aneurysms through the pterional approach were randomly assigned to use of Artcereb, an artificial cerebrospinal fluid, or physiological saline as irrigation fluid. Postoperative CBF and clinical conditions were evaluated 3 times in the first 7 to 10 postoperative days. RESULTS Postoperative CBF decreased by 10 to 15% on the first postoperative day in the ipsilateral inferior frontal gyrus, where surgical manipulation may be greatest. CBF reduction was less in regions remote from the surgical site and later in the follow-up periods. Selection of irrigation fluid did not influence postoperative CBF significantly, although postoperative clinical conditions may be better using Artcereb. CONCLUSION Postoperative CBF changes due to surgical manipulation should be considered in patients whose hemodynamic conditions are important for appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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21
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Wachter D, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Gilsbach JM, Rohde V. Early surgery of multiple versus single aneurysms after subarachnoid hemorrhage: an increased risk for cerebral vasospasm? J Neurosurg 2010; 114:935-41. [PMID: 21166569 DOI: 10.3171/2010.10.jns10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT As many as 33% of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) present with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs). It is believed that aneurysm surgery has the potential to increase the risk of cerebral vasospasm due to surgical manipulations of the parent vessels and brain tissue. Consequently, 1-stage surgery of MIAs, which usually takes longer and requires more manipulation, could even further increase the risk of vasospasm. The aim of this study is to define the correlation between vasospasm and the operative treatment of single intracranial aneurysms versus MIAs in a 1-stage operation. METHODS The authors analyzed a database including 1016 patients with SAH, identified retrospectively between 1989 and 1996 and prospectively collected between 1997 and 2004. Exclusion criteria were endovascular treatment, surgery after SAH Day 3, and, in patients with MIAs, undergoing more than 1 operation. Cerebral vasospasm was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and was defined as a maximum mean blood flow velocity > 120 cm/second. The diagnosis of symptomatic vasospasm was made if a new neurological deficit occurred that could not be explained by concomitant complications. RESULTS A total of 643 patients who experienced 810 aneurysms were included. Four hundred twenty-four patients were female (65.9%) and 219 were male (34.1%) with an average age of 53.1 years. One hundred twenty-one patients (18.8%) were diagnosed with MIAs. Maximum mean flow velocities measured by TCD were 131 cm/second in patients with MIAs and 129.5 cm/second in patients with single intracranial aneurysms. The incidence of TCD vasospasm (p = 0.561) as well as of symptomatic vasospasm (p = 0.241) was not significantly different in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Clipping of more than 1 aneurysm in a 1-stage operation within 72 hours after SAH can be performed without increasing the risk of cerebral (TCD) vasospasm and symptomatic vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Wachter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.
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22
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Alaraj A, Wallace A, Mander N, Aletich V, Charbel FT, Amin-Hanjani S. Outcome Following Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm on Presentation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Coiling vs. Clipping. World Neurosurg 2010; 74:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pan JW, Zhan RY, Wen L, Tong Y, Wan S, Zhou YY. Ultra-early surgery for poor-grade intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:521-4. [PMID: 19718400 PMCID: PMC2730614 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the therapeutic effect and possibility of the ultra-early surgery for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt-Hess grades IV-V). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine cases with intracranial aneurysms, demonstrated by computed tomographic angiography (CTA), were treated by ultra-early surgery under general anesthesia within 24 hours from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 5 cases were treated within 6 hours and 4 cases in 6 - 24 hours. Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade: 6 cases were IV and 3 cases were V. The clinical outcome was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS). RESULTS In operation, difficult dissection occurred in 5 cases (55.6%), and rupture of aneurysm occurred and temporary obstructions were performed in 4 cases (44.4%). After clipping of aneurysm, 2 cases underwent V-P shunt because of hydrocephalus, pulmonary infection occurred in 3 cases, hypothalamus reaction accompanied with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 2 cases. The clinical outcome were favorable (GOS 4-5) in 4 cases (44.4%), dissatisfied (GOS 2-3) in 3 cases (33.3%), and dead (GOS 1) in 2 cases (22.2%) when patients departed from our hospital. CONCLUSION The ultra-early surgery can avoid early rebleeding of intracranial aneurysm, therefore, should be considered in the treatment of Hunt-Hess grade IV-V intracranial aneurysms. The appliance of CTA can make it possible to use of ultra-early surgery and improve the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Woertgen C, Rothoerl RD, Albert R, Schebesch KM, Ullrich OW. Effects of temporary clipping during aneurysm surgery. Neurol Res 2009; 30:542-6. [PMID: 18953746 DOI: 10.1179/174313208x291603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative aneurysm rupture is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Temporary vessel occlusion is an integral part of aneurysm clipping to avoid intraoperative hemorrhage. The information concerning the role of temporary occlusion regarding the development of cerebral vasospasm is sparse. The aim of this study was to provide more information in this field. METHODS We operated on 292 patients suffering from cerebral aneurysms. The data were reviewed from a prospectively collected databank, which includes information about the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as transcranial Doppler data and surgical data such as temporary occlusion. RESULTS In 50% of our patients, temporary occlusion was performed during surgery. Twenty-nine percent showed an ischemic lesion in the CCT post-operatively, and in 58% of these patients, temporary occlusion was performed (versus 47% without temporary occlusion, p = 0.09). The mean occlusion time was longer in patients with radiologic signs of infarction. Furthermore, patients having unfavorable outcome showed a longer temporary occlusion time. Thirty-four percent of patients who underwent temporary vessel occlusion developed vasospasm postoperatively (versus 20% without temporary occlusion, p < 0.006). Temporary occlusion time correlated to the development of vasospasm as defined by transcranial Doppler flow velocity. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated using temporary occlusion suffered from middle cerebral artery aneurysm (versus 22% without temporary occlusion, p < 0.0001). An increased blood flow velocity was mostly seen in this region (p < 0.003). CONCLUSION According to our results, it seems to be the possible that temporary vessel occlusion is an additional factor in aggravating vasospasm after aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Woertgen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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25
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Kim SH, Yoon SM, Shim JJ, Bae HG. Coil Embolization of Aneurysm Followed by Stereotactic Aspiration of Hematoma in a Patient with Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Presenting with SAH and ICH. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008; 43:41-4. [PMID: 19096545 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2008.43.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though intracerebral hematoma (ICH) due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm has been treated by aneurysm clipping at the same time of removal of ICH through craniotomy, such management strategy is controversial in an aged patients with poor clinical grade. In this regards, stereotactic aspiration of hematoma following coil embolization can be an alternative treatment modality. Thus, the authors report a case of an aged patient who underwent stereotactic aspiration of ICH following coil embolization for the ruptured aneurysm with a brief review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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26
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Hosoda K, Ishii K, Minoshima S, Kohmura E. Probabilistic cortical surface map of the middle cerebral artery territory for single-photon emission computed tomography studies. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:119-27. [PMID: 17236497 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the intracranial vessel most frequently affected by cerebrovascular diseases. A more accurate knowledge of the topography of this vessel may have an impact on treatment strategies for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to construct a topographic map of the MCA territory for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using statistical brain mapping. METHODS The margin of the perfusion deficit associated with infarction due to arterial occlusion, as seen on SPECT imaging, is presumed to approximate the borders of the territory of the artery. Basing the study on this hypothesis, SPECT images obtained in 12 patients with large MCA infarctions due to angiographically confirmed MCA trunk occlusion were selected, anatomically standardized, and compared with SPECT images obtained in healthy volunteers to construct probabilistic cortical surface maps of the MCA territory. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis was used as a primary cutoff marker for creation of the map. This MCA map (Method C) was compared with the conventional region of interest (ROI) method (Method A) and previously reported predefined cortical templates (Method B) for preliminary clinical application. The probabilistic cortical surface map of the MCA territory showed that regions with the highest ratio of MCA territory included the transverse temporal gyrus (100%), supramarginal gyrus (100%), and inferior parietal lobule (91-92%). For preliminarily clinical application, this map (Method C) was compared with the conventional ROI method (Method A) in predicting hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which demonstrated the statistically significant superiority of the MCA map (area under the ROC curve [Az] = 0.91) to the ROI method (Az = 0.75; p = 0.025). The ROC analysis also demonstrated a diagnostic value of the MCA map (Az = 0.95) that equaled predefined cortical templates (Method B) (Az = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS The probabilistic cortical surface map of the MCA territory used for SPECT, which was created using statistical brain mapping techniques, would be useful for an objective assessment of the cerebral perfusion status of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohkichi Hosoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center/Kobe Red Cross Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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27
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de Oliveira JG, Beck J, Ulrich C, Rathert J, Raabe A, Seifert V. Comparison between clipping and coiling on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2006; 30:22-30; discussion 30-1. [PMID: 17061137 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-006-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most important complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effect of aneurysm occlusion technique on incidence of vasospasm is not exactly known. The objective was to analyze surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and its consequences. Using the MEDLINE PubMed (1966-present) database, all English-language manuscripts comparing patients treated by surgical clipping with patients treated by endovascular coiling, regarding vasospasm incidence after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, were analyzed. Data extracted from eligible studies included the following outcome measures: incidence of total vasospasm, symptomatic vasospasm, ischemic infarct vasospasm-induced and delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND). A pooled estimate of the effect size was computed and the test of heterogeneity between studies was carried out using The Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software, RevMan 4.2. Nine manuscripts that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included and analyzed. The studies differed substantially with respect to design and methodological quality. The overall results showed no significant difference between clipping and coiling regarding to outcome measures. According to the available data, there is no significant difference between the types of technique used for aneurysm occlusion (clipping or coiling) on the risk of cerebral vasospasm development and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean G de Oliveira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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28
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Hosoda K, Kawaguchi T, Ishii K, Minoshima S, Kohmura E. Comparison of conventional region of interest and statistical mapping method in brain single-photon emission computed tomography for prediction of hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery 2006; 57:32-41; discussion 32-41. [PMID: 15987538 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000163088.66798.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been proposed as the main mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage, which is a disastrous complication. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities for hyperperfusion after CEA with the conventional region of interest (ROI) analysis and statistical brain mapping analysis. METHODS For 46 patients with unilateral carotid stenosis of 70% or more, CBF and cerebral vasoreactivity were investigated with resting and acetazolamide-challenge single-photon emission computed tomography before CEA and 1 day after CEA. Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection (3-D-SSP) analysis of CBF changes was performed by automatic quantification with a predefined template. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis demonstrated CBF reduction (z-score) to be the only significant variable for postoperative hyperperfusion on 3-D-SSP with thalamic normalization but no significant variable with the ROI method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated significant improvement in the predictive value of CBF reduction (z-score) on 3-D-SSP (area under the ROC curve = 0.93) in comparison with the ROI method (area under the ROC curve = 0.78) (P = 0.049). According to the optimal cutoff values provided by ROC analysis, patients were categorized into two groups: Type I (CBF decrease < 20%, n = 23) and Type II (CBF decrease > or = 20%, n = 23) on ROI analysis and Type A (z-score < or = 2, n = 40) and Type B (z-score > 2, n = 6) on 3-D-SSP. There was a significant difference in incidence of hyperperfusion between Type A (1 of 40) and Type B (5 of 6) on 3-D-SSP (P = 0.00003) but not between Type I (1 of 23) and Type II (5 of 23) on ROI analysis. Cerebral vasoreactivity did not show significant value in the prediction of hyperperfusion with either the ROI or the 3-D-SSP method. CONCLUSION Objective assessment of CBF status, especially baseline CBF reduction (z-score), with automatic quantification by 3-D-SSP with normalization had a higher diagnostic value than conventional ROI analysis to identify patients at risk for hyperperfusion after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohkichi Hosoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Kobe Red Cross Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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29
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Paolini S, Kanaan Y, Wagenbach A, Fraser K, Lanzino G. Cerebral vasospasm in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2005; 147:1181-8; discussion 1188. [PMID: 16133772 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-005-0613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial arterial vasospasm is a typical sequela of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The association between symptomatic vasospasm and unruptured aneurysms has been sporadically presented in the literature. The pathogenesis of this unusual entity is unclear. The published cases were collected in this review and analysed with regard to timing, clinical presentation and possible relationship with surgical factors. We also added an illustrative case which was recently observed in our department.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paolini
- Cattedra di Neurochirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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30
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Noske DP, Peerdeman SM, Comans EFI, Dirven CMF, Knol DL, Girbes ARJ, Vandertop WP. Cerebral microdialysis and positron emission tomography after surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in grade I patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 64:109-15; discussion 115. [PMID: 16050997 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using cerebral microdialysis, baseline values for energy-related chemical markers have been reported in awake patients. Radionuclide studies have demonstrated a locally decreased metabolism, thought to be the result of brain retraction. These baseline values, however, may not be applicable to patients after surgical aneurysm repair following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We assessed metabolic chemical marker levels in World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee (WFNS) grade I SAH patients after aneurysm surgery and compared them with previously reported baseline values. METHODS In 5 WFNS grade I SAH patients, energy-related chemical marker levels were obtained using microdialysis in the area of brain retraction after aneurysm surgery. In addition, an [(18)F]2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was performed. RESULTS The FDG-PET showed a decrease of glucose metabolism in the frontotemporal area. Comparing the mean values for chemical markers of this study with reported baseline values, the most striking difference was a mild decrease of pyruvate and an increase of the lactate/pyruvate ratio. In individual patients, some markers indicated possible ischemia. A consistent pattern or ischemic profile for all markers, however, was not found. CONCLUSION FDG-PET scanning confirmed postoperative metabolic changes found in previous studies. Mean interstitial chemical marker levels ranged from normal to mildly deviant compared with reference chemical marker levels for awake patients and are likely to be applicable in SAH patients after aneurysm repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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EZAKI Y, KITAGAWA N, KAMINOGO M, OGAWA Y, TSUTSUMI K, NAGATA I. Quantitative Evaluation of the Hemodynamic Status of the Cerebral Circulation in Patients with Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusive Diseases by Split-dose Iodine-123-IMP SPECT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2335/scs.33.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Andaluz N, Zuccarello M. Fenestration of the Lamina Terminalis as a Valuable Adjunct in Aneurysm Surgery. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:1050-9. [PMID: 15509311 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000140837.63105.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Hydrocephalus, vasospasm, and frontobasal injury are common complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Previous studies have suggested that fenestration of the lamina terminalis (FLT) during surgery may be associated with reduced rates of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and vasospasm. We report 106 patients affected by anterior communicating artery aneurysms and Fisher Grade 3 aneurysmal SAH and the affect of FLT on shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, vasospasm, and frontobasal injury.
METHODS:
During a 3-year period, 53 patients underwent FLT and 53 did not. We prospectively evaluated admission and discharge clinical grades, hydrocephalus at admission, occurrence of clinical vasospasm, need for interventional vasospasm therapy, frontobasal hypodensity incidence, and permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunting requirement. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 35 months (mean, 17.9 mo).
RESULTS:
Shunting incidence after aneurysmal SAH with hydrocephalus was 4.25% in patients who underwent FLT and 13.9% in patients who did not (P< 0.001). Clinical cerebral vasospasm occurred in 29.6% of patients who underwent FLT and in 54.7% of patients who did not (P< 0.001). Frontobasal hypodensity was identified postoperatively in 0% of patients who underwent FLT and in 5% of patients who did not. Good outcome was reported in 69.81% of patients who underwent FLT and in 33.96% of patients who did not (P< 0.001). Poor outcome was associated with higher Hunt and Hess grades, need for ventricular drainage, elevated intracranial pressure, and multiple interventional vasospasm therapies. No complications were linked to FLT.
CONCLUSION:
FLT was associated with statistically significant decreases in shunting rates, incidence of vasospasm, and better outcomes. We recommend its routine use in patients with Fisher Grade 3 anterior communicating artery aneurysmal SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Andaluz
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0515, USA
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Reilly C, Amidei C, Tolentino J, Jahromi BS, Macdonald RL. Clot volume and clearance rate as independent predictors of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2004; 101:255-61. [PMID: 15309916 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2004.101.2.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study was conducted for two purposes. The first was to determine whether a combination of measurements of subarachnoid clot volume, clearance rate, and density could improve prediction of which patients experience vasospasm. The second was to determine if each of these three measures could be used independently to predict vasospasm. METHODS Digital files of the cranial computerized tomography (CT) scans obtained in 75 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were analyzed in a blinded fashion by an observer who used quantitative imaging software to measure the volume of SAH and its density. Clot clearance rates were measured by quantifying SAH volume on subsequent CT scans. Vasospasm was defined as new onset of a focal neurological deficit or altered consciousness 5 to 12 days after SAH in the absence of other causes of deterioration, diagnosed with the aid of or exclusively by confirmatory transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and/or cerebral angiography. Univariate analysis showed that vasospasm was significantly associated with the SAH grade as classified on the Fisher scale, the initial clot volume, initial clot density, and percentage of clot cleared per day (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, initial clot volume and percentage of clot cleared per day were significant predictors of vasospasm (p < 0.05), whereas Fisher grade and initial clot density were not. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative analysis of subarachnoid clot shows that vasospasm is best predicted by initial subarachnoid clot volume and the percentage of clot cleared per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Reilly
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medical Center and Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Hosoda K, Kawaguchi T, Ishii K, Minoshima S, Shibata Y, Iwakura M, Ishiguro S, Kohmura E. Prediction of hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy by brain SPECT analysis with semiquantitative statistical mapping method. Stroke 2003; 34:1187-93. [PMID: 12702841 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000068781.31429.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but disastrous complication after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities and postoperative hyperperfusion through the use of statistical brain mapping analysis. METHODS For 41 patients with unilateral carotid stenosis >or=70%, CBF and cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) were investigated with resting and acetazolamide-challenge single photon emission CT before CEA. CBF 1 day after CEA was also measured. Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection (3D-SSP) analysis of CBF changes was performed by use of a control database of 20 subjects. RESULTS Patients with reduced CVR (CVR <10%, n=15) were categorized into 2 groups based on the severity of CBF reduction relative to the control database by 3D-SSP analysis without normalization: type I (ipsilateral CBF decrease <20%, n=8) and type II (ipsilateral CBF decrease >or=20%, n=7). With thalamic normalization, the patients were also categorized into 2 groups: type A (ipsilateral Z score <or=2, n=10) and type B (ipsilateral Z score >2, n=5). Severe CBF reduction (>or=20% or Z score >2) was significantly associated with postoperative hyperperfusion (CBF increase >or=100%). However, 3D-SSP with thalamic normalization (Z score) demonstrated a higher predictive value (80%) and specificity (91%) for hyperperfusion than 3D-SSP without normalization (percent reduction) (57% and 73%, respectively). No patients with normal CVR (CVR >or=10%, n=26) demonstrated postoperative hyperperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Objective evaluation of abnormalities of CBF and CVR with 3D-SSP could identify patients at risk for postoperative hyperperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohkichi Hosoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center, Himeji, Japan.
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Su CC, Saito K, Nakagawa A, Endo T, Suzuki Y, Shirane R. Clinical outcome following ultra-early operation for patients with intracerebral hematoma from aneurysm rupture--focussing on the massive intra-sylvian type of subarachnoid hemorrhage. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2003; 82:65-9. [PMID: 12378994 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6736-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Of 250 patients admitted with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from 1994 to 2000, 16 had massive intra-sylvian hematomas. To predict the useful determinants of the clinical outcome for such patients we analyzed our last 16 cases. The study was performed in 2 parts. Part 1 covered the period from 1994 to 1996 and included 5 patients who underwent early surgery. Immediately before operation, Hunt & Kosnik grade (H&K) III was observed in 1, IV in 3 and V in 1 patient. Part 2, from 1997 to 2000, included 11 patients who underwent ultra-early surgery (within 3 hours after admission) with ventriculostomy and with 2 weeks' postoperative management in the ICU. Preoperatively, there were 2 patients with H&K III, 7 with IV, and 2 with V. The results in part 1 showed that 3 out of the 5 patients had poor outcome with symptomatic vasospasm. While in Part 2, seven returned to work, 2 had minimal and 1 had severe neurological deficits with symptomatic vasospasm, and 1 died. We therefore suggest that ultra-early surgery with ventriculostomy and postoperative management in the ICU is the most useful determinant to improve the clinical outcome in the treatment of SAH patients with massive intra-sylvian hematoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prefectural Shinjo Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
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Koivisto T, Vanninen E, Vanninen R, Kuikka J, Halonen P, Hernesniemi J, Vapalahti M. Cerebral Perfusion before and after Endovascular or Surgical Treatment of Acutely Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: A 1-Year Prospective Follow-up Study. Neurosurgery 2002. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-200208000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Laidlaw JD, Siu KH. Ultra-early surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: outcomes for a consecutive series of 391 patients not selected by grade or age. J Neurosurg 2002; 97:250-8; discussion 247-9. [PMID: 12186450 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2002.97.2.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study was undertaken to determine the outcomes in an unselected group of patients treated with semiurgent surgical clipping of aneurysms following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS A clinical management outcome audit was conducted to determine outcomes in a group of 391 consecutive patients who were treated with a consistent policy of ultra-early surgery (all patients treated within 24 hours after SAH and 85% of them within 12 hours). All neurological grades were included, with 45% of patients having poor grades (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] Grades IV and V). Patients were not selected on the basis of age; their ages ranged between 15 and 93 years and 19% were older than 70 years. The series included aneurysms located in both anterior and posterior circulations. Eighty-eight percent of all patients underwent surgery and only 2.5% of the series were selectively withdrawn (by family request) from the prescribed surgical treatment. In patients with good grades (WFNS Grades I-III) the 3-month postoperative outcomes were independence (good outcome) in 84% of cases, dependence (poor outcome) in 8% of cases, and death in 9%. In patients with poor grades the outcomes were independence in 40% of cases, dependence in 15% of cases, and death in 45%. There was a 12% rate of rebleeding with all cases of rebleeding occurring within the first 12 hours after SAH; however, outcomes of independence were achieved in 46% of cases in which rebleeding occurred (43% mortality rate). Rebleeding was more common in patients with poor grades (20% experienced rebleeding, whereas only 5% of patients with good grades experienced rebleeding). CONCLUSIONS The major risk of rebleeding after SAH is present within the first 6 to 12 hours. This risk of ultra-early rebleeding is highest for patients with poor grades. Securing ruptured aneurysms by surgery or coil placement on an emergency basis for all patients with SAH has a strong rational argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Laidlaw
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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Koivisto T, Vanninen E, Vanninen R, Kuikka J, Halonen P, Hernesniemi J, Vapalahti M. Cerebral Perfusion before and after Endovascular or Surgical Treatment of Acutely Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: A 1-Year Prospective Follow-up Study. Neurosurgery 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200208000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Brilstra EH, Rinkel GJE. Treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms by embolization with controlled detachable coils. Neurologist 2002; 8:35-40. [PMID: 12803658 DOI: 10.1097/00127893-200201000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosurgical clipping used to be the standard method of occluding intracranial aneurysms, but controlled detachable coils are increasingly used to obliterate aneurysms by endosaccular packing. REVIEW SUMMARY A systematic review of observational studies on embolization with coils showed in patients with a ruptured aneurysm a complete occlusion in 52% of aneurysms, independence at follow-up in 89% of patients, and a procedure related mortality of 1.1%. There is no consensus with regard to the indications for surgical or endovascular treatment. A recently published randomized trial on early coiling versus early operation did not show any differences in clinical outcome after 3 and 12 months, but the small number of patients included precludes firm conclusions. Comparisons between endovascular and surgical treatment should not only address safety and clinical outcome, but also the long-term angiographic results and the risk of recurrent hemorrhage after treatment. In current practice, many patients with a basilar bifurcation aneurysm are treated by embolization with coils. In many patients with a middle cerebral artery aneurysm operation is the preferred treatment. For all other aneurysm locations preference for coiling or clipping depends on the clinical condition of the patient, the configuration of the aneurysm, and on the experience and skills of the local endovascular and neurosurgical team. CONCLUSIONS Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has gained widespread acceptance. Preference for coiling or clipping depends on patient and aneurysm characteristics, and on the local expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva H Brilstra
- University Department of Neurology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hosoda K, Kawaguchi T, Shibata Y, Kamei M, Kidoguchi K, Koyama J, Fujita S, Tamaki N. Cerebral vasoreactivity and internal carotid artery flow help to identify patients at risk for hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 2001; 32:1567-73. [PMID: 11441203 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.7.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but potentially devastating complication after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative measurement of cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) and intraoperative measurement of internal carotid artery (ICA) flow could identify patients at risk for hyperperfusion after CEA. METHODS For 26 patients with unilateral ICA stenosis >/=70%, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CVR were investigated before and 1 month after CEA, with resting and acetazolamide-challenge single-photon emission CT. CBF on the first postoperative day was also measured. ICA flow was measured before and after reconstruction by electromagnetic flowmeter during surgery. RESULTS Ipsilateral CBF on the first postoperative day significantly increased relatively (56.6+/-53.2%) as well as absolutely (37.9+/-8.8 to 57.7+/-18.0 mL/100 g per minute) in the reduced CVR group (CVR <12%) but not in the normal CVR group (CVR >/=12%) (10.3+/-15.5% and 40.6+/-7.9 to 43.9+/-5.7 mL/100 g per minute, respectively). One month later, this difference almost disappeared. Two patients showed ipsilateral CBF increase of >/=100%. A significant association of intracerebral steal with hyperperfusion (CBF increase >/=100%) on the first postoperative day was also observed. ICA flow increase after reconstruction significantly correlated with CBF increase on the first postoperative day in the reduced CVR group but not in the normal CVR group. The threshold of ICA flow increase for hyperperfusion was estimated to be 330 mL/min in the reduced CVR group. CONCLUSIONS Single-photon emission CT with acetazolamide challenge and ICA flow measurement during surgery could identify patients at risk for hyperperfusion after CEA, in whom careful monitoring and control of blood pressure should be initiated even intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hosoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center, Himeji, Japan.
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Chang HS, Hongo K, Nakagawa H. Adverse effects of limited hypotensive anesthesia on the outcome of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2000; 92:971-5. [PMID: 10839257 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.6.0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT This study was aimed at clarifying the effect of intraoperative hypotensive anesthesia on the outcome of early surgery in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by saccular cerebral aneurysms. Other factors were also screened for possible effects on the outcome. METHODS Hospital charts in 84 consecutive patients with SAH who underwent aneurysm clipping by Day 4 were examined. Possible factors affecting the outcome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with the dichotomous Glasgow Outcome Scale score as the outcome variable. The relationship between the intraoperative hypotension and the occurrence and severity of vasospasm was studied using both single- and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative hypotension had a significantly adverse effect on the outcome of SAH. Hypotension was also related to more frequent and severe manifestations of vasospasm. A long-lasting effect of brain retraction is possibly the cause of this phenomenon. The data contained in this study preclude the use of intraoperative hypotension even in a limited form.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
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Abstract
A high percentage of the population has aneurysms of the cerebral vessels, which are detected only by chance or after spontaneous rupture. Subarachnoid haemorrhage is still a problem because of high morbidity and mortality. Many patients do not fully recover neurologically and suffer from physical and psychosocial symptoms. The aims of treatment are to prevent the patient from rebleeding and to prevent secondary neurological damage. Whereas in former times, clipping of the aneurysm was often delayed for days or weeks, early operative intervention is the rule today, if the patient is not moribund and if there is no significant cerebral oedema. The anaesthetist can support the neurosurgeon with a spectrum of different methods of anaesthesia and monitoring, individually tailored to the needs of the patient. Most important, however, is a stable haemodynamic status, stable and normal intracranial pressure and a sufficient cerebral perfusion pressure. Vasospasm is still the main problem, as is early rebleeding. To treat this, nimodipine is the drug of choice combined with volume therapy, a slightly elevated cardiac output and a modestly elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Zander
- Department of Anaesthesia, Städtische Kliniken Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
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